Nazi criminals of the 3rd Reich. How the most notorious Nazi criminals managed to escape punishment. Oscar Dirlewanger - child molester and necrophile, the most "evil and bloodthirsty" of the Nazis

Justice does not always triumph, and the monsters who committed savagery and are guilty of the death of millions sometimes die happy, in extreme old age, without a bit of repentance. The Nuremberg Tribunal, which tried Nazi criminals, was not able to bring to justice not everyone. Why did this happen, and how did the life of the odious fascists, in our selection.

Argentine hideout of Adolf Eichmann and Mossad retaliation

During the war, officer Eichmann was in a special position in the Gestapo, personally following the orders of Reichsführer SS Himmler. In 1944, he organized the sending of Hungarian Jews to Auschwitz, after which he reported to the leadership on the destruction of 4 million people. After the war, Adolf managed to escape to South America.

In 1952, he returned under a different name to Europe, remarried his wife and took his family to Argentina. But after 6 years, Israeli intelligence calculated the whereabouts of Eichmann in Buenos Aires. The operation was personally led by Mossad chief Isser Harel. Secret agents seized Eichmann right on the street and took him to Israel under tranquilizers. The indictment consisted of 15 counts, where, in addition to the extermination of Jews, there were: the deportation of Gypsies and Poles to camps, the destruction of hundreds of Czech children. Eichmann was hanged on the night of June 1, 1962. This case was the last death penalty in Israel by judicial decision.

Unrepentant 90-year-old Holocaust activist Alois Brunner

Brunner is credited with the idea of creating the gas chambers in which tens of thousands of Jews were killed. The former head of the SS special detachments fled after the war to Munich, where he worked under a false name as a driver. In 1954 he moved to Syria, starting cooperation with the Syrian secret services.

According to the Turkish authorities, Brunner led the training of armed groups of Kurds. The fact that a Nazi was in Syria was proven, but the Syrian government denied everything. At the same time, Mossad agents did not stop trying to destroy Alois Brunner on foreign territory. He repeatedly received booby-trapped parcels that robbed him of his eye and four fingers.

By the end of his life, Brunner did not even think about repentance. In 1987, he gave a telephone interview to the Chicago Sun Times, saying that he did not regret his active participation in the Holocaust and would do so again. According to some reports, the war criminal lived to be almost 90 years old, dying at a ripe old age.

Auschwitz experimenter Josef Mengele dies of heart attack

Josef Mengele is rightfully considered the personification of the cruelest experiments on people in the death camps. Work in the concentration camp was a scientific mission for the senior doctor, and he performed experiments on prisoners in the name of science. Of particular interest was Mengele's interest in twins. The Third Reich called on scientists to develop ways to increase the birth rate. So multiple induced pregnancy became the goal of his research. Experimental children and women were subjected to all sorts of experiments, after which they were simply killed.

After the war, Mengele was recognized as a war criminal. Until 1949, he was hiding in his homeland, and then he left for South America. In 1979, the heart of one of the most terrible Nazis stopped, unable to withstand constant fears and fears. And it was not in vain that Mengele was afraid: the Mossad tirelessly hunted him.

Life of Heinrich Müller after death

The last time Gestapo chief Heinrich Müller was seen in a Nazi bunker was in April 1945. The Nuremberg Tribunal was provided with documentary evidence of his death. However, to this day, the circumstances of Mueller's disappearance are ambiguous.

In the post-war years, witnesses surfaced every now and then, claiming that Muller was alive. So, the famous Nazi intelligence officer Walter Schellenberg wrote in his memoirs that Muller was recruited by the secret services of the USSR, which helped him fake his death and flee to Moscow. The fact that the Gestapo man was alive was also evidenced by Eichmann captured by the Mossad. Did not rule out the version of staging the death of Muller and Nazi hunter Simon Wiesenthal. And the former head of Czechoslovak intelligence, Rudolf Barak, said that since 1955 he led the operation to capture Muller in Argentina. And he even claimed that one of the main Nazis was taken by the Soviet special services, becoming an informant for the Russians.

Not so long ago, American journalists published documents testifying to the flight of Muller from besieged Berlin on the eve of the fall of the Reich. Allegedly, the Gruppenfuehrer landed in Switzerland, from where he later went to the United States. According to this version, American intelligence provided Muller with the position of a secret consultant. There he married a high-ranking American woman and lived quietly for 83 years.

Interest in the true fate of Heinrich Muller does not decrease, however, the folder with his case is still under lock and key.

The head of military intelligence, Walter Schellenberg, received only 6 years

The figure of the head of military intelligence, Walter Schellenberg, who received a record short term for resonant war crimes, is also very mysterious. After the fall of Germany, he lived for some time in Sweden. But by the middle of 1945, the allied countries managed to achieve the extradition of a war criminal.

Schellenberg answered before the court in the framework of the case against major leaders, officials and ministers of Germany. During the proceedings, he was accused of only one count - membership in the criminal organizations of the SS and SD, as well as involvement in the execution of prisoners of war. Schellenberg was sentenced to only 6 years in prison, being released a year later for health reasons. The terminally ill Walter spent the last year in Italy, where he died at the age of 42.

The unconquered ballerina Franziska Mann, who arranged, could also testify against Nazi criminals.

Originally posted by stomaster at USA as a haven for Nazi criminals

The American intelligence service hid dozens of Nazi war criminals and their collaborators from international justice, according to a 600-page report from the US Department of Justice, the contents of which were hidden for four years. In the end, under the threat of legal action, the ministry released an edited version, from which the most sensitive passages were excluded. However, the full version of the report came into the possession of the newspaper The New York Times .

The most notorious war criminal the CIA collaborated with was Otto von Bolschwing. "Independent newspaper". This is an employee of the department of Adolf Eichmann, who was directly involved in the development of a plan to purge Germany of Jews. Washington assisted von Bolschwing in obtaining asylum in 1954, and von Bolschwing began working for the CIA.

Yet the Justice Department decided in 1981 to seek deportation of von Bolschwing from the United States. But he died the same year at the age of 72.

Among the Nazis sheltered by the CIA were other prominent figures of the Third Reich. For example, Arthur Rudolf, who ran the Mittelwerk ammunition factory. In this position, he organized the use of forced labor of workers and prisoners of war driven to Germany. The US authorities turned a blind eye to this spot in Rudolph's biography and brought him to America. After all, Rudolph knew a lot about the production of rockets. NASA honored him with an award. He is called the father of the Saturn 5 rocket.

The cooperation of the CIA with veterans of fascism was known before - they were used as sources of intelligence information, as well as scientists. But this report sheds light on the level of American intelligence cooperation with the most hardened criminals. The report also found that Nazi criminals were allowed into the US with knowledge of their past. " America, which prided itself on being a safe haven for the persecuted, has become - to a small extent - a safe haven for the persecutors as well. ", it says.

But he still casts doubt on the previously mentioned figure in 10 thousand fascist criminals in- apparently, in the USA they turned out to be still less. In addition, the Special Investigation Service identified more than 300 fascists who were not allowed into the United States, or were deprived of their citizenship and deported.

The report was compiled by senior Justice Department lawyer Mark Richard, who in 1999 persuaded Attorney General Janet Reno to start working. He edited the final version in 2006 and called on the department's leadership to publish the report, but was refused. After contracting cancer, he told family and friends that he would like to see the report published in his lifetime. Mark Richard died in June 2009. Speaking at his funeral, Attorney General Eric Holder said he spoke to Richard a week before he died and he was still trying to get the report released.

It wasn't until after Richard's death that Washington lawyer David Sobel and the NSA National Security Archive filed a lawsuit demanding the release of the report under the Freedom of Information Act. The Ministry of Justice first tried to appeal the lawsuit, but in the end gave Sobel a copy of part of the report, but even there more than 1,000 phrases and footnotes were excluded.

The Ministry of Justice claims that the report, which has been in preparation for 10 years, has never been officially completed and does not present official conclusions. The agency also mentioned "numerous factual errors and omissions", but did not specify what exactly they were.

Having obtained the full text and compared it with the truncated one, The New York Times discovered that they tried to hide from the public a conflict with Switzerland over jewelry stolen by the Nazis and unsuccessful attempts to obtain cooperation from the Latvian authorities.

The Justice Department's reluctance to release the report could cause political embarrassment for US President Barack Obama. After all, he undertook to make his administration the most open in the history of the country, and he entrusted the Ministry of Justice with coordinating the work on declassifying government archives.

On January 25, 1983, the Nazi criminal Klaus Barbie, also known by the nickname "the butcher from Lyon", was arrested. For almost 40 years, he managed to hide from justice in Latin America and even make an outstanding career there, becoming an adviser to the Bolivian president. In a modest old man who appeared before the court, hardly anyone could recognize the chief of the Lyon Gestapo, famous for his cruelty. Barbie was sentenced to life in prison and died in prison 4 years later. Ultimately, although he was in hiding for almost half a century, the "butcher of Lyon" still bore responsibility for the sins of the past. But some Nazi criminals managed to hide so securely that the European Themis never reached them. Life found out which Nazi criminals managed to escape justice and how they did it.

Who fled and how

Within a few years of the end of the war, several hundred former Nazi figures moved to Latin America, many of them guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity. Not a single high-ranking state or party leader of the Third Reich could escape. First, their faces were known to everyone and they would be looked for in the first place. Few states would agree to host such odious faces. Although until the very end of the twentieth century, rumors circulated in the media about the miraculous salvation of Bormann, Muller and even Hitler himself.

Contrary to rumors, they did not escape: Bormann's body was found in one of the graves (he died during the bombing), as for Muller, according to the most common version, he committed suicide and was buried in one of the mass graves.

The rest of the high-ranking figures of the Reich either committed suicide or fell into the hands of the Allies. But for lesser criminals, the window of opportunity was still open in the first few years after the end of the war, and many of them took advantage of it.

The fighting and the post-war occupation of Germany led to the displacement of huge masses of people: captured soldiers, refugees from different countries, displaced persons - it was easy to get lost in this stream of people, especially for those people whose face was not known to Soviet or American soldiers. As a rule, future fugitives were hired as laborers by West German landowners or engaged in similar low-skilled work, and when their identity was identified, they pretended to be fugitives from the Soviet zone of occupation and were called by an assumed name. If they served in the SS, they pretended to be mobilized soldiers of the Wehrmacht. Having received documents for a new name, they left the country, fearing that their stay in Germany would lead to the fact that sooner or later they would be identified by someone, after which they often changed their name again in order to get lost.

Contrary to popular post-war myths, there was no single organization that helped criminals escape from justice. The Nazis could only rely on themselves. And the rat trails.

It was this name that was assigned to the routes by which the Nazis were transported to distant Latin American countries by secretly sympathetic Catholic priests. For the same reason, "rat trails" are sometimes called monastery trails.

Under the guise of the Vatican Refugee Relief Organization, individual priests provided assistance to the Nazis. They were transported from monastery to monastery, fictitious documents were made for them - a passport of a displaced person, which was issued by the Red Cross - after which they were brought to the port, and from there the Nazis completely legally with documents in a new name departed for Latin America.

There were two countries in the post-war world that actively hosted Nazi fugitives: Spain and Argentina. The Spanish leader Franco remembered that during the years of the civil war, the Nazis and fascists gave him support against the communists. And although Spain did not participate in World War II, he did not deny asylum to the fugitives. As for Argentina, President Peron hoped to use the experience of Nazi leaders to strengthen his state apparatus.

Two of the most active priests are known to have ferried the Nazis along the "rat trails". These are Alois Hudal, an ethnic Austrian who mostly smuggled Nazis and fascists, regardless of their nationality, and Krunoslav Draganovich, an ethnic Croat who organized the transportation of fugitive Ustashe (a Croatian fascist organization that was in religious and ethnic hostility with the Serbs).

Nevertheless, simply hiding in another country was only half the battle, because those Nazis who had a long trail of crimes were hunted, they were wanted not only by the Mossad and other intelligence services, but also by the so-called Nazi hunters - mainly representatives of public organizations , professionally engaged in the search for Nazi criminals, using their own channels. The most significant of these organizations was the Simon Wiesenthal Center. But even the joint efforts of the secret services and social activists were sometimes not enough.

Josef Mengele

The "angel of death" from Auschwitz was the second person on the list of criminals wanted in the world. After Adolf Eichmann was captured in Argentina by Mossad agents in the early 1960s, Mengele became the number one target.

Mengele served on the Eastern Front as a staff doctor in one of the battalions of the famous SS Panzer Division "Viking" and even earned the Iron Cross for saving the wounded. The service was short-lived: in 1942, Mengele was wounded and commissioned due to unsuitability for further service. Because he had a medical background, he received a doctorate at Auschwitz.

Although his service in the death camp lasted only a little over a year and a half, he earned such fame that he is still considered the embodiment of evil. Mengele arranged inhuman and cruel experiments on the prisoners of the camp, the doctor's experimental subjects were not only adult prisoners, but also children.

More than others, Mengele was interested in twins and dwarfs, on which he set up all kinds of experiments on infection with diseases, blood transfusions, amputations, etc. In most cases, the doctor's experiments ended either with the death of the prisoners as a direct result of the experiment, or with death in the gas chamber, where the doctor sent those who were no longer suitable for his experiments.

The experimental doctors received much better food and lived in the best barracks. Mengele even ordered to organize a kindergarten for the youngest test subjects, where he often visited himself, introducing himself as Mengele's uncle and treating the youngest test subjects with chocolate. How long such a life would last, no one could say in advance: the test subject could die any day from some experiment or simply get bored with the doctor. Most of the people who were the objects of the "angel of death" experiments did not live to see the liberation of the concentration camps.

A few weeks before the end of the war, Mengele, by that time transferred to another concentration camp, disguised himself as a simple Wehrmacht soldier and fled, destroying most of the documents about the experiments. After the end of the war, he surrendered to the Americans, and called himself by his real name. However, little was known about the cases of doctors in concentration camps, and Mengele himself was not identified as an SS man (they were subject to special control, unlike Wehrmacht soldiers), so he was calmly released home a month later. Mengele managed to take advantage of the bureaucratic confusion and, being in an American prisoner of war camp, straighten out new documents for himself in the name of Fritz Ullmann.

Mengele was able to get a job as a farmhand to one landowner, but the Nuremberg trial of doctors soon began, in which Mengele himself was supposed to be one of the main defendants (his name was mentioned several times in the process), if he were found. It was not safe to stay in Germany, and Mengele managed to enter one of the "rat trails". In the summer of 1949, he reached Genoa, which was the end point of the European route, and with a Red Cross passport in the name of Helmut Gregor, he sailed for Argentina, leaving his family in Germany.

Mengele settled in Argentina, where he worked first as a carpenter and then as an agricultural equipment salesman. All this time they were looking for him and finally found his trail. Argentina was required to extradite the criminal to Germany, but the doctor managed to hide in Paraguay. 15 years after the end of the war, it turned out that the "angel of death" was alive, and not dead, as everyone thought before.

After the capture of Eichmann, Mengele becomes the number one target for Nazi hunters. However, he got lucky again. The situation in the Middle East became more complicated, and the Mossad was forced to divert all its forces to this region. And the efforts of social activists were clearly not enough to search for the cunning Mengele, who skillfully confused his tracks and lay low, periodically changing his place of residence and names.

From Paraguay, he moved to Brazil, where he lived under the name of Wolfgang Gerhard. His health deteriorated and he suffered a stroke. In 1979, while swimming, he had a second stroke and drowned. In Europe and Israel, they continued to search for the criminal, for information about which a reward of $100,000 was promised. Information regularly appeared in the media that Mengele was seen in various parts of the globe.

Ultimately, information about the whereabouts of Mengele was discovered in the mid-80s thanks to a search of one of his German friends, with whom he secretly corresponded. The place of his last residence was established, Brazilian acquaintances were interviewed and a grave was found. After the exhumation, it was confirmed that Mengele was buried in this grave under the name of Gerhard.

Aribert Heim

Another "doctor death" who managed to hide from his pursuers so reliably that his unsuccessful search continued until the beginning of the 21st century. Until recently, Heim was one of the ten most wanted Nazi criminals. In the fall of 1941, the 26-year-old Heim began working as a doctor in the Mauthausen concentration camp and very soon earned such a bad reputation that the prisoners began to call him the Butcher.

Heim tested subjects on the effects of poisons, as well as the effects of other substances that could be potentially lethal. He did not stay long in the camp and was soon transferred to serve in the SS division "Nord", where he performed the duties of a doctor.

Due to the fact that he did not serve long in the camp and did not have time to kill as many prisoners as Mengele, Heim escaped persecution after the war. He was not brought to trial and quietly worked as a gynecologist until 1962, when at last there were witnesses to his atrocities and a lawsuit began to be prepared against Khaim.

Not wanting to stand trial, Heim fled. The search for Heim lasted more than half a century. The German authorities, who had missed the Nazi criminal, were indignant and announced a reward for information about his whereabouts, which had already increased to 150 thousand euros at the beginning of this century. Until recently, Heim was among the most wanted Nazi criminals, and only in 2012 his search was stopped when it finally turned out that he had already been dead for 20 years by that time.

It turned out that the secret services and Nazi hunters who were looking for Heim had taken the wrong track from the very beginning. They were looking for him in Latin America, suggesting that Heim had taken advantage of the old "rat trails" and moved to some Latin American country where there are many German communities. However, in fact, Haim, in transit through France and Spain, moved to Morocco, from where he traveled through Libya to Egypt, where he settled. He converted to Islam and received a new name - Tarik Hussein, under which he lived for 30 years. Heim-Hussein died in 1992 of rectal cancer, but his death was not known until 20 years later, when he was identified by journalists and Nazi hunters.

Ante Pavelic

Dictator of pro-Nazi Croatia and leader of the fascist Ustaše movement. During the reign of Pavelic in Croatia, ethnic cleansing was practiced against the Serbian population. In this regard, he was sentenced by a post-war Yugoslav court to death in absentia.

The Ustaše movement has always been closely associated with Catholicism, so it is not surprising that some priests of Croatian origin provided all possible support in the post-war transfer of the figures of the Ustaše regime to safer countries for them, especially since the communists came to power in Yugoslavia.

A few days before the end of the war in Europe, Pavelić fled to Austria, where he was in a camp in the American zone of occupation. Through the efforts of the priest Krunoslav Draganovich, Pavelić was transferred to Italian monasteries. He was made up as a priest and issued documents in the name of Pedro Gonner. With these documents, he was transferred from one monastery to another until he boarded an Italian merchant ship that delivered him to Argentina.

In this country, he once again changed his name, turning into Pablo Aranhos. He had close contacts with President Perón and lived openly because he was sure that extradition requests from the communist Tito would be ignored by the Argentine authorities.

In 1957, an assassination attempt was organized on Pavelić by two Serbian Chetniks (Serb nationalist partisans who were at enmity with both Croats and Tito's communist partisans), but he survived, although he was wounded. Soon a military coup took place in Argentina, and Peron was overthrown. The new government agreed to the extradition of Pavelic to Yugoslavia, but he managed to move to Spain, where he received asylum. True, he did not live there for long, dying in 1959.

Alois Brunner

One of Eichmann's closest associates, who was responsible for the deportation of European Jews to death camps. Through the efforts of Brunner, about a hundred thousand Jews were deported from France, Austria, Greece, Germany and Slovakia to concentration camps. After the war, Brunner disappeared. A search was underway for him, and he was one of the few Nazi criminals whose whereabouts were reliably known. Brunner took refuge in Syria, but the local authorities did not extradite him because of bad relations with Israel, officially not even recognizing his presence in the country. At the same time, Brunner himself even gave interviews to journalists.

After the war, Brunner, disguised as a Wehrmacht soldier, surrendered to the Americans. A serious check was not carried out against him due to the fact that he did not have a blood type tattoo typical of all members of the SS (a similar situation was with Mengele), so he was not immediately identified as an SS man.

Brunner received documents from the Americans for a new name and quietly worked as a truck driver at an American military base. He lived in Germany for several years, but, fearful of being recognized, fled with a fake Red Cross passport through Italy to Egypt and then to Syria, where he became close to the ruling regime. Syria was in hostile relations both with France, where Brunner was sentenced to death in absentia, and with Israel, therefore, did not allow their investigators to meet with Brunner and did not extradite him.

At least twice, assassination attempts were organized on Brunner (he was sent explosives in an envelope), as a result of which he lost an eye and several fingers. It is also known that the leader of the GDR, Honecker, negotiated with the Syrian leader Assad on the extradition of a war criminal, but after the reunification of Germany, contacts were interrupted.

The exact date of Brunner's death is unknown: according to some sources, he died in 2001, according to others - in 2010.

Edward Roshman

Commandant of the Riga ghetto, then commandant of the Riga-Kaiserwald concentration camp, located on the territory of modern Latvia.

He managed to evacuate from the camp by sea in front of the advancing Soviet army. When the days of the Reich were already numbered, he threw away the SS uniform and dressed as a Wehrmacht soldier, settling with his friends in Austrian Graz. Soon he was taken prisoner by the Americans, but released as a simple soldier.

After some time he returned to Austria to visit his wife and was identified by the British. Roschmann was sent to the Dachau camp, which was converted to contain Nazi criminals. This camp was visited by the Catholic priest Alois Hudal - the organizer of one of the most important "rat trails". With Khudal's help, Roshman managed to escape from the camp and reach Genoa, where he boarded a ship bound for Argentina.

There he went into business, organizing a timber supply company, and changed his name, becoming Federico Wegener. Later, Roshman decided to remarry without divorcing his first wife. In Germany, a criminal case was opened against Wegener on charges of bigamy; at the same time, it was revealed that Wegener was in fact the commandant of the Riga ghetto, Roshman. Soon, Germany sent an extradition request to Argentina for Roschmann, who was wanted to be tried for involvement in the murder of at least three thousand people.

Argentina and Germany did not have an extradition treaty, and while the request was being considered, Roschman managed to escape to Paraguay, where he soon died at the age of 68.

Gustav Wagner

Assistant commandant of the Sobibor concentration camp, nicknamed the Beast for his cruelty. Surviving prisoners of the camp characterized Wagner as a complete sadist. Several hundred thousand people were killed in the concentration camp. After the war, he was taken prisoner by the Americans. Together with camp commandant Franz Stangl, Wagner was rescued by the priest Hudal and fled one of the "rat trails" through Italy to Brazil, where he settled under the name of Gunther Mendel. Stangl fled to Syria and then also moved to Brazil.

His former boss, Franz Stangl, refused to change his name for reasons of principle and lived without hiding from anyone. In the 60s, he was identified by Nazi hunters and extradited to the FRG upon request. He was sentenced to life imprisonment.

Wagner was in hiding for much longer: he was only identified in the late 70s. The Nazi criminal was arrested, requests for his extradition were filed by four states at once: Israel, Germany, Austria and Poland. Wagner became a real celebrity and even gave interviews to the press, assuring that he had no regrets. Extradition requests were denied by the Brazilians, but in 1980 the body of 69-year-old Wagner was found with a knife in his chest in São Paulo. It was officially announced that he committed suicide.

1. Ladislaus Chizhik-Chatari(Ladislaus Csizsik-Csatary), Hungary

During World War II, Chizhik-Chatari served as the chief of police for the protection of the ghetto, located in the city of Kassa (currently the city of Kosice in Slovakia). Chizhik-Chatari was involved in the death of at least 15.7 thousand Jews. According to documents held by the Wiesenthal Center, this man took pleasure in beating women with a whip, forced prisoners to dig the frozen earth with his bare hands, and was involved in other atrocities.

After the war, the court of the revived Czechoslovakia sentenced Chizhik-Chatari to death, but the criminal moved to Canada under a false name, where he began to trade in works of art. In 1997, the Canadian authorities stripped him of his citizenship and began to prepare documents for his extradition. However, the Hungarian went into hiding before the necessary legal procedures were completed.

8. Mikhail Gorshkov(Mikhail Gorshkow), Estonia
in the Gestapo in Belarus, accused of complicity in the mass murder of Jews in Slutsk. Hiding in the USA, later fled to Estonia. Was under investigation. In October 2011, the Estonian authorities closed the investigation into Gorshkov. The case was dismissed due to the inability to identify the person who committed this crime.

9 . Theodor Shchekhinsky(Theodor Szehinskyj), USA

He served in the SS battalion "Totenkopf" and in 1943-1945 guarded the Gross-Rosen (Poland) and Sachsenhausen (Germany) concentration camps. After World War II, he fled to the United States, in 1958 he received American citizenship.

In 2000, the Office of Special Investigations was deprived of citizenship, in 2003 the US Immigration Court ruled to deport Shchekhinsky from the country. To date, no country is ready to accept it and therefore it remains in the United States.

10. Helmut Oberlander(Helmut Oberlander), Canada

A native of Ukraine, he served as an interpreter in the Einsatzkommando-10A punitive group, which operated in the south of Ukraine and in the Crimea. It is estimated that more than 23,000 people, mostly Jews, were killed by the punishers.

After World War II, he fled to Canada. In 2000, a Canadian court ruled that Oberlander, upon entering the country in 1954, hid his involvement in a group engaged in punitive actions on the territory of the USSR. In August 2001, he was stripped of his Canadian citizenship. In 2004, his citizenship was restored, but this decision was reversed in May 2007. In November 2009, the Federal Court of Appeal again restored Oberländer's citizenship, and in September 2012 this decision was again overturned.

The case is under appeal in the Federal Court of Canada.

Criminals who are presumed dead:

1. Alois Brunner(Alois Brunner), Syria

A key collaborator of Adolf Eichmann, a German officer, a member of the Gestapo, directly responsible for the mass extermination of Jews. Responsible for the deportation of Jews from Austria (47 thousand people), Greece (44 thousand people), France (23500 people) and Slovakia (14 thousand people) to Nazi death camps.

Convicted in absentia by France. For many decades he lived in Syria. The Syrian authorities refuse to cooperate in the pursuit of Brunner.

He was last seen in 2001. The chances that he is alive are relatively small, but no conclusive evidence of his death has yet been received.

He was a doctor in the Sachsenhausen, Buchenwald and Mauthausen concentration camps.

In 1962 he disappeared. Wanted by Germany and Austria.

In February 2009, information appeared that he allegedly died in Cairo (Egypt) in 1992, but there is no evidence of death. So far, Heim has not been found and his death has not been confirmed.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources