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STRUNNIKOV NIKOLAY VASILIEVICH
the first Russian world and European champion (1910-11) in speed skating, four-time champion of Russia (1908-10 - skates; 1909 - cycling). In the 20-30s. trainer.
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Nikolai Ivanovich Strunnikov was born on May 14, 1871 in Orel. There were six children in the family (two sons and four daughters), they lived in constant need in the village of Bogoroditskoye, Maloarkhangelsk district, where the artist's father was a clerk in a rural store. Ivan Alekseevich was strict but fair. And her mother, Alexandra Nikolaevna, was sensitive, sympathetic, kind and affectionate. These parental traits predetermined the character of Nicholas.
According to the recollections of the artist's younger sister, Maria Ivanovna, who worked for many years as a teacher of Russian language and literature at the Little Arkhangelsk secondary school, their mother was distinguished by her artistic abilities and made magnificent beadwork. Nikolai admired them and sketched them in watercolor. “When the father scolded the son, the mother stood up for him and said: “You, Kolya, do not be offended by dad, he is sick, nervous. Help him with his work, and draw in his free time. You're doing well."
After completing a three-year education in elementary school, Nikolai Strunnikov had to go to the "boys". He served in Orel in the warehouse of the merchant Konkov. It was a harsh school: always hungry, always ready to be slapped on the back of the head, because both the older boys and the clerks beat him.
But despite the hardships of childhood, Nikolai Ivanovich did not part with the dream of an art education. At night, by the light of an oil lamp, he sketched his observations on scraps of paper. “He loved illustrating art books. At one time, he was especially fond of stories and novels by N.V. Gogol, the story "Taras Bulba". The owner and clerks liked his drawings, and they often said: “Well, boy! Well done!"
Over the years, drawing became a passion, and Strunnikov decided to go to Moscow. He began his education as a student in the workshop of the painter S.I. Gribkov, where he got into the number on the recommendation of one artist who noticed his abilities. During the day, Nikolai Ivanovich rubbed paints, chopped wood - he did the work of an apprentice, and in the evenings, among the most talented students, he learned the basics of artistic skill. In the story of V. A. Gilyarovsky "Beginning Artists" (the book "Moscow and Muscovites"), this period of Strunnikov's life is described very well.
Strunnikov greatly appreciated his teacher and later called him father and friend.
In 1892 Nikolai Ivanovich's dream of entering the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture came true. But, having finished it with two silver and one bronze medals, he accepts that the knowledge gained within the walls of the school is clearly not enough. In 1901, Strunnikov was enrolled in the Higher Art School of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts to the famous I. E. Repin.
Strunnikov did not easily get the years of study, as he had to earn a livelihood. “He studied and worked, often walked without “soles”, almost barefoot, lived from hand to mouth, spent the night in attics. From his very small income, he helped our sisters, because our parents had died, and we had absolutely nothing to live on. At that time I was 7-8 years old, - recalled Maria Ivanovna, - I did not have a single good toy. Suddenly, once Kolya brought me a beautiful big doll, which he bought with the last money. When I played with the doll, he looked at me and drew. Later I learned that he created illustrations for Victor Hugo's Les Misérables. He should have seen the expression on the face of the child, Cosette, when Jean Valjean gave her the doll. Illustrations for the works of Victor Hugo were not accepted from him. He was very upset, worried ... My brother gave these illustrations to me. Unfortunately, I couldn’t save them: during the occupation, the paintings were taken away by the Nazis.”
In the workshop of Ilya Efimovich Repin, Strunnikov became friends with the writer Vladimir Alekseevich Gilyarovsky, who helped the young artist in every possible way. “I read his poems,” Nikolai Ivanovich recalled, “I listened to stories from him in some parts of his legendary biography, through him I was carried away by the heroes of Zaporozhye, a poem about which he wrote at that time ... In his prowess, energy, exceptional gaiety, even his stocky figure , as it seemed to me then, there was something from these Zaporizhzhya heroes. In 1900, Strunnikov painted a portrait of Uncle Gilyai in the form of a dashing Cossack against the backdrop of the southern mountains. Ukrainian historian D.I. The artist presented Yavornitsky with a portrait of another descendant of the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks, the famous wrestler Ivan Poddubny. Nikolai Ivanovich himself, having an athletic build, served as a model for his teacher. Ilya Efimovich Repin captured him in the painting "Black Sea Freemen".
Living in St. Petersburg, doing what he loves, he still missed his native land. Therefore, during the summer holidays, he went to his sisters, who lived in Maloarkhangelsk. On one of these visits, in 1902, a local priest offered to paint the Resurrection Church. Strunnikov not only agreed, he had an idea: to repeat in the murals an interesting monument of Russian monumental painting, the Vladimir Cathedral in Kyiv, with the creations of prominent Russian artists V. M. Vasnetsov, M. A. Vrubel, M. V. Nesterov. N.I. Strunnikov submits a petition to the Council of the Academy for assistance in this. Which he was not denied. In Kyiv, the artist worked a lot, copying the murals of the Vladimir Cathedral. Subsequently, he successfully completed the picturesque complex of the Little Archangel Church. Nikolai Ivanovich recalled: “Difficult work, especially somewhere under the dome ... If it were not for my gymnastic past, I would not have survived. Once he slipped and fell from a height of ten yards. I lay in bed for a month and again climbed into the forests ... it paid well, and I could already help the family. While working, he "was afraid of losing the main thing that he valued in painting the naturalness of posture and movement and closeness to nature." Many residents of Malaya Arkhangelsk admired Strunnikov's murals, but, unfortunately, the church did not survive: it was destroyed in 1943.
The artist fell in love with Kyiv and, at the first opportunity, moved to it (1913), enrolling as a teacher at an art school on the recommendation of I.E. Repin. Here begins a new life of the artist. “Teaching work was to my heart,” Strunnikov recalled. The pedagogical method was inherited by him from wonderful teachers - V. Serov and especially I. Repin.
“Shortly after the move, he got married. Praskovya Alekseevna, the artist's wife, became his great friend from the first day of their marriage and meekly endured the hardships of a restless and unsettled life. Strunnikov, who was in love with her, painted several of her portraits: "Ukrainian Woman" (1914), "Portrait of the Artist's Wife" (1916), "The Bride" (1917), "Woe" (1917), "Portrait of the Artist's Wife in National Costume" (1917) , "Head" (1925). She appears before the viewer either as a very young girl dressed in a Ukrainian national costume, or as a bride in a wedding dress, or as a deeply grieving woman. Three sons were born in the family: the eldest, Sergei (later worked as a photojournalist for the Pravda newspaper. He died in 1943 near Poltava), Igor and Rostislav. The artist's sister recalled that it was a happy family. Nikolai Ivanovich deeply loved his wife “she was a wonderful woman: modest, sensitive, she knew how to take care of her brother’s talent. I have the brightest memories of her, as a close friend, sister.
In Ukraine, Strunnikov worked a lot and fruitfully, it is no coincidence that now his paintings adorn the walls of its museums. Heroic and romantic images of the Cossacks later led him to portraits of the heroes of the October Revolution and the Great Patriotic War.
The artist accepted and supported the revolution. This was facilitated by all the circumstances of his life: the constant struggle for existence, the death of his brother under Tsushima and his sister during the 1905 uprising.
In 1921, at the call of the People's Commissariat of Education, Strunnikov moved to Moscow and never returned to Ukraine, living the rest of his life as a recognized master of Soviet portraiture. In the period 1927-1930. created a whole gallery of portraits of the heroes of the civil war: K. E. Voroshilov, A. E. Shchadenko, Parkhomenko, Podvoisky. For the portrait of the partisan Lunev, Strunnikov was awarded the Gold Medal at the international exhibition in Paris in 1937. And during the Great Patriotic War, while in evacuation in Sverdlovsk, he painted the canvases "Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya" and "Partisan" for the Sverdlovsk House of Officers. For outstanding services in the field of art, the artist was awarded the title of Honored Artist of the RSFSR.
The artist's legacy is a valuable contribution to the development of Russian portraiture. The main theme of the art of this talented master has always been a person. Paintings by N.I. Strunnikova are stored in 13 art galleries, including the Orlovskaya.
Paying tribute to their fellow countryman, the residents of Malaya Arkhangelsk installed a memorial plaque at the Kolos city cinema. The words are carved on gray marble: “In the mountains. Maloarkhangelsk from 1901-1904, the famous Soviet artist, Honored Artist of the RSFSR Nikolai Ivanovich Strunnikov lived and worked. Now the memorial plaque is under restoration.
Nikolai Ivanovich Strunnikov died on September 20, 1945 in Moscow, and was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery.
Prepared by O. Egorova, librarian of the Malaya Arkhangelsk City Hospital
Literature:
- Memoirs of M. I. Strunnikova about her brother / V. Agoshkov // Maloarkhangelsk origins. - Eagle - Maloarkhangelsk, 1999. pp. 169-172.
- Gilyarovskiy, V. A. Beginner artists / V. A. Gilyarovskiy // Moscow and Muscovites. - M., 1985.
- Lokotkov, A. Ukraine captivated his heart: Nikolai Strunnikov's "Cossacks" [Electronic resource] / Alexander Lokotkov // Internet newspaper From Dusk Till Dawn. Dnepropetrovsk. - Access mode: -http://zador.com.ua/print.php?id=66441
Strunnikov Nikolay Vasilyevich (1886-1940) - Russian sportsman, speed skater.
Russian record holder. Repeated champion of Europe and the world.
Born into a peasant family in Moscow. Since childhood, Nikolai was selflessly in love with skates, he trained daily. In the summer he rode a bicycle and a motorcycle, in the winter he played hockey and ran on skates. I got up very early, quickly did exercises and ran to work. After work at the same time I went to the skating rink. In any weather, I ran 25 laps. Once I trained even in a frost of 40 ° C. Nikolay ran in a low landing. With an average pace of 100 steps per minute, his movements remained graceful and plastic. Until 1906, he completed the II category of the classification in force at that time. In the same year, at the Moscow Championship, which took place on the ice of the Patriarch's Ponds rink, and at the Russian Championship, Strunnikov was second, losing only to Russian speed skater Nikolai Sedov. And in 1907 he defeated him at the famous skating rink of the Zoological Garden.
Since 1908, Strunnikov began to win in all major competitions. At the 1908 Moscow Championship, he won the 5000m with a time of 9:41.0. At the Russian Championship, Nikolay Strunnikov showed even better results: at a distance of 500 m - 50.0; 1500 m - 2.40.0; 5000 m - 9.26.8. Speaking in St. Petersburg at the Cup of the National Championship of Russia in 1909, Nikolai set new records: at a distance of 5000 m - 9.05.0; 1500 m - 2.33.6 and 10000 m - 18.27.2. For the first time in our country, the program of these competitions included the classic all-around, in which Nikolai scored the largest amount of points (211.813).
In 1910, at the European Championships held in Vyborg, his first foreign competitions, Nikolai Strunnikov, then still little known outside of Russia, became the European champion, defeating the Norwegian speed skater O. Mathisen. Again they met at the world championship in Helsingdors (Helsinki). This time the fight was much harder. Mathisen said that he would definitely beat the "black devil", as he called Strunnikov, because he performed in a black suit. Like last time, the distance of 10,000 m became decisive. Strunnikov again managed to bypass Mathisen, who had been leading until now, and win the title of world champion.
The next season brought Strunnikov new Russian records: at a distance of 1000 m - 1.38.0; 7500 m - 2.29.4. In 1911, Nikolai Strunnikov managed to defend the title of the first speed skater in the world at the World Championships in Trondheili, easily outperforming all rivals in four distances and setting two world records for flat skating rinks. He also led at all four distances in Hamar at the European Championship.
Two days before the opening of the World Championships, he took part in the Norwegian Championships, where he set an outstanding record at a distance of 5000 m (8.37.2), breaking the world record of the first world champion Dutchman J. Eden (8.37.6), set in 1894. The Norwegians called Strunnikov "Slavic miracle".
In 1911, he started 12 times abroad at various distances, and none of them ended in defeat.
In the season 1911-1912. At the skating rink of the Patriarch's Ponds, Strunnikov broke the Russian record at a distance of 500 m, which lasted 13 years. His score was 46.0.
With great interest, specialists and fans expected Strunnikov's performance at the 1912 World Championships. However, the administration of the first Russian gymnastic society Sokol, to which Strunnikov belonged, did not find the means to send their representative abroad with him. Strunnikov categorically refused to go to the World Championships alone and stopped his performances on ice. Nikolai Vasilyevich put on skates again only in 1924, when he was the main observer of the rink on the Maiden's Field, where the 1st USSR Championship was held.
Since 1974, competitions for the prize named after N.V. Strunnikov have been held in Moscow. This is how the strongest masters of speed skating in the capital celebrate the beginning of each new season.
Brief Biographical Dictionary
"Strunnikov Nikolai" and other articles from the section
Nikolai Strunnikov
(Russian : Nikolay Vasilievich Strunnikov listen)) (December 16, 1886 – January 12, 1940) was a Russian world champion in speed skating. In addition, he was also successful as a cyclist.
Nikolai Strunnikov was born in Sknyatino and quickly became a highly enthusiastic and highly disciplined athlete, training daily. During the summer he trained on a bicycle and during the winter, he trained in speed skating and played bandy. After returning from work, he will always be on the ice at the same time every day to skate his rounds, no matter the weather. Even at times the temperature was -40 °C (equal to -40 °F), he would still go through his entire training program. His enthusiasm and dedication paid off and in 1906 he won silver in the Russian National Allround Championship.
He quickly improved even further and became the Russian Allround Champion in 1908, 1909 and 1910. In 1909 he also won the national cycling championship. Still relatively unknown to the rest of the world, Strunnikov made his international debut at the European All-round Championships in 1910 and quickly won gold. Two weeks later he competed in 1910 at the World All-round Championship in Helsinki. After three distances, the reigning world champion and holder of several world records, Norwegian skate legend Oskar Matisny, had a relatively comfortable lead, but Strunnikov finished long before the whole field in the final distance and became world champion in the process; what commanded tremendmous respect to Mathisen.
In 1911, Strunnikov traveled to Norway in preparation for the European Championships there. During his training, he set a new 5000 m world record by beating Jaap Eden's world record which had stood for 17 years. (His world record would not be recognized by the ISU until 1967, however.) Three weeks later he became European champion for the second time, and he did so by winning all four distances during those events. A week after that, he became world champion for the second time, while once again, winning all four distances. In fact, at every international tournament in which Strunnikov entered in 1911 he became a winner at every distance he skated - a total of twelve distance wins that year.
Much was expected of Strunnikov in 1912, but disagreement with the sports association to which he belonged resulted in his retirement from skating. He remained active in the sport though, cycling for many years after that. In the 1920s he became a coach, and he would remain a coach until his death in 1940 in Moscow.
Medals
An overview of the medals won by Strunnikov at the important championships he participated in listing, the years he won each.
Russian and Soviet painter, portrait painter, restorer. Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1940).
Nikolai Ivanovich Strunnikov was born in Orel. The family, which had six children, lived in need in the village of Bogoroditskoye, Maloarkhangelsk district. The artist's father was a clerk in a rural store, and his mother was a housewife.
After completing three years of elementary school education, Nikolai had to go to the "boys". He served in Orel in the warehouse of the merchant Konkov. Here he became interested in drawing, which became a passion, and Strunnikov decided to go to Moscow. He began his art education as a student in the workshop of the painter S. I. Gribkov, where he got in 1892 on the recommendation of an artist who noticed his abilities.
He entered the MUZVZ, graduating with two silver and one bronze medals (1899). At the school, his teachers were A. Arkhipov and V. Serov. He continued his education at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. He lived in St. Petersburg, and during the summer holidays he went to his sisters, who lived in Maloarkhangelsk. In 1902, a local priest offered him to paint the Resurrection Church, which he did. At the Academy he studied with I. E. Repin, graduated in 1906. He also painted the cathedral in Kyiv, where the artist moved in 1913, on the recommendation of Ilya Repin was a teacher at an art school (1913-1920).
N. I. Strunnikov accepted and supported the October Revolution. In 1921, at the call of the People's Commissariat of Education, he moved to Moscow and never returned to Ukraine. In the period 1927-1930 he created a gallery of portraits of the heroes of the civil war - Voroshilov, Parkhomenko, Podvoisky. For the portrait of the partisan Lunev, Strunnikov was awarded the Gold Medal at the International Exhibition in Paris (1937).
During the Great Patriotic War, while in evacuation in Sverdlovsk, he painted the canvases "Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya" and "Partisan" for the Sverdlovsk House of Officers.
N. I. Strunnikov was an exhibitor of the MOLKh, the Moscow society "Group of Artists" (1909-1911), the Academy of Arts (1926), the TPHV (47th, 48th exhibitions). He was also a member of the literary and artistic circle "Wednesday". Participated in many exhibitions, including those dedicated to the tenth and fifteenth anniversary of the Red Army (1933).
His works are kept in the State Tretyakov Gallery (TG), the Central Museum of the Armed Forces in Moscow (former Museum of the Red Army), the Museum of Contemporary History of Russia in Moscow (former Museum of the Revolution), the Dnepropetrovsk National Historical Museum named after D. Yavornitsky, Poltava and Donetsk art museums.
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