Wind names. Porkh L.Z., Dictionary of winds What is the name of the northwest wind at sea

Pomeranian and Sami names of the winds of the Kola Peninsula and the seas surrounding it.

ABODIE (Pomeranian) - calm in a clear sky, a quiet sunny day on the shores of the northern seas of Russia.

BAYGA (Pomeranian) - see Foggy wind.

BARGUZNIK - northeast wind on the White Sea.

VARYAL, ueryal, pay-varr (Sami.) - the west wind on the Kola Peninsula

WINDS ON THE WHITE SEA - siverko, siver and north (C); midnight, midnight, frostbite, rekostave, barguznik and seaweed (SV); east and east (B); dinner (SE); summer, noon and letnik (Yu); shelonnik and in Mezen pauzhnik (SW); west (W); coastal, deep and golomyannik (NW);

VOLOKUSHA - a blizzard.

VONDULUK - a steady constant wind of any direction on the White Sea.

EAST (Pomeranian) - wind blowing from the east.

VOSCH - wind in the face, headwind on the White Sea.

VSTRETA - head wind on the northern seas of Russia.

Vyvolochny WIND (pomor.) - wind from the coast in the northern seas of Russia during the period of sealing, when prey is dragged ashore, fearing that the ice floe will be carried away by the wind and current into the open sea. Coastal ice is often easily torn off and blown away by the winds into the sea, bare.

Pasture, surge, water carrier, rein, padun (pomor.) - a wind towards the sea in northern Russia, lowering the water level at the mouth of the river, and the very fact of water loss (as opposed to surge - water gain).

VYERIE-PINK, mer-pink, taal-pink, (Sami) - north wind on the Kola Peninsula.

GOLOMYNYA, bare wind (Pomeranian) - a squally wind blowing in gusts from the White Sea (from its depths). Golomyanny - seaward, related to the open sea.

Wrap up (pomor.) - a whirlwind (blizzard) in northern Pomorie.

ZAGREBA - quiet and warm weather in Pomorie. See Abodier.

ZASIVERKA, zaseverka (pomor.) - cold weather with a north or northeast wind in northern Russia.

ZOREVOY WIND (pomor.) - a weak wind at dawn.
Dawns of the Wind, spirits of the wind (pomor. - light gusts of weak wind).

KESS-PINK (Saami), Nyrte (Tersky dialect), Sauy (Notazer dialect), Owl (Kildin dialect) - south and southwest wind on the Kola Peninsula.

LOSO (Pomorsk) - complete calm on the White Sea Cf. Abodier.

MER-PINK, vyerye-pink, taal-pink (Sami) - north wind on the Kola Peninsula.

OBEDNIK - a warm and dry daytime southeast wind on the Kola Peninsula and in the Volga region. In the north of Russia, this is a wind from the sea, a breeze in sunny weather: “It sways during the day, it will calm down in the evening.”

OTDOR - the wind that drives the fish away from the shores of the White Sea.

PADARA, padar, padera, padora, padra, gift (pomor.) - a storm accompanied by sleet, a blizzard and any bad weather with a strong wind, as well as strong excitement on the water with a fresh wind on the northern coast of Russia. Paderit (pomor.) - blizzard, paderno - blizzard, padera - blizzard.

PAUZHNIK, pouzhnik, pauzhnyak, shelonik, deep (pomor.) - southwest wind on the Kola Peninsula. Pauzhina is the third time of eating during the day for fishermen, between lunch and dinner, when the Sun is in the southwest (pauzhnik is an afternoon snack).

PAI-VARR-PINK (Sami.) - the western wind on the Kola Peninsula.

COAST - a northwest wind blowing on the Arkhangelsk coast of the White Sea from the Kola Peninsula.

WEATHER, weather, weather (pomor.) - a piercing wind, a storm with whirlwinds and precipitation (strong wind with rain and snow) in the north of Russia.

POLUNOCHNIK - northeast wind in the north of Russia, blowing from high latitudes (from midnight). On the Yenisei, it is a surge wind, a sign of the coming cold weather, so it is called rekostave, freezer here. In Arkhangelsk, this is a northwest wind. In Europe, these are mesoniktios, midnightwind, mitternacht-seind.

HERRING (SALT) WIND - a surge wind that drives water and fish to the shores of the White Sea and to the mouths of rivers. In Arkhangelsk, this is the north wind (siver, northerners, medium).

TAVVAL-PINK (Sami.) - East wind on the Kola Peninsula. Wed Merpink.

UERYAL (Sami) - see Varyal, Pai-varr.

KHIVOK - light wind on the White Sea.

SHELONIK, shalonik, shelonnik, paugnik - southwest wind in Russia.

On the Kola Peninsula and the White Sea, Sh. is a western or southwestern wind (a sign of a storm at sea);

SURGA (pomor.) - snowstorm, storm, blizzard, blizzard, blizzard in the north of Russia.

Based on the book by L. Z. Porkh "Dictionary of the Winds"

text, L.Z. Porkh, 1983

Selection and HTML version, I. Voinov, 2007

What was the wind for our ancestors? At first glance, it seems - not as important a phenomenon as water, which gave life to crops or brought floods, and not as important as fire, which brings heat to the hearth or brings death and devastation from a fire. In fact, the wind meant no less.

A clear confirmation of this: in any culture there was a god of the wind, who was depicted in frescoes and paintings, who was worshiped and made sacrifices. Moreover, the wind was the most mysterious of all the elements: in ancient times, it seemed to people who did not know the physical causes of its occurrence, non-material. Fire appeared from a lightning strike, it could be caused by friction, water flowed in rivers and spilled from the sky. The wind came from nowhere, but its power was palpable: it could overtake rain clouds irrigating crops - or, on the contrary, could dry up fields and destroy seedlings, cause a storm that breaks trees and nails cereals to the ground ... They completely and completely depended on the whim of the winds sailors. Fishermen know about the influence of wind on the bite, and hunters determine the movement of air currents so that prey does not smell them ahead of time.

Although in ancient times people did not know such words - modern biologists recognize the most important role of wind in the life of any plants, their pollination and various metabolic processes, soil scientists note the significant influence of wind on the formation of relief and soil composition (for example, due to wind erosion - "blowing" top layers of the earth). Well, meteorologists, of course, can tell a lot about the role of wind in the formation of underwater currents, temperature differences and even its effect on the well-being of people and animals.

Even without having the arsenal of scientific knowledge that we have now, the ancients noted the undoubted influence of the wind on the life of nature - and therefore their own. They animated the wind, communicated with it, trying to explain its changeable behavior, and tried in every possible way to appease. Moreover, noticing that the winds blow from different directions of the world, are cold and warm, humid and withering, the ancient peoples often "appointed" several deities responsible for the air element at once.

The ancient Greeks considered Aeolus, a young demigod who lived on the distant Aeolian Islands in the western sea, to be the ruler of the winds. Eol was the son of a mortal woman and the sea god Poseidon (which proves once again that for the ancient Greeks, the relationship between sea currents, waves and wind was obvious). The Hellenes themselves had several "wind gods". Boreas was considered the personification of the harsh north wind. He was depicted as winged, with long hair, a beard and always a stern face. "Boreas" in Greek meant "roaring", "noisy". But, despite the loudness, the Greeks loved Boreas - he brought them exceptionally favorable weather conditions, drove ships and contributed to the future good harvest, and once even destroyed the fleet of the Persian king Xerxes, who went to war against the Athenians. In general, Boreas did not bode well for the inhabitants of Africa, always bringing with it rains and extremely bad weather. The Romans called this same wind Aquilon or Arcgurus, while the Egyptians called it Kehu, “ram's forehead”.

The god of the west wind named Zephyr was considered the herald and herald of other gods. "Zephyros" meant "dark": for the Greeks, this air current always brought storms and thunderstorms. Later, the ancient Romans "appointed" Zephyr as the personification of a soft, caressing breeze - to them, as well as to the peoples of the West, he just promised favorable spring weather, convenient for sailing navigation.

The god of the south wind Notus, like Boreas, was usually depicted with a beard and wings: his temper was also not easy. "Notos" in Greek means "wet", which immediately tells us an important characteristic of this wind: Notus was damp, and at the beginning of each summer brought foggy, rainy and warm weather to Greece, which worsened the visibility of sailors and spoiled the health of ordinary citizens. The southeast wind - Eurus, or Euros, one of the sons of Eol, was often dry, but sometimes brought dampness. It still blows in those parts in winter, usually at the turn of the day and night. It is curious that he was the only one of all the wind deities who was devoid of anthropomorphism - Evra was never portrayed as a human-like creature. In company with Noth or Zephyr, Eurus often sank Hellenic ships.

The east wind came to Palestine from the desert, hot and parched. There he was called khamsin, and usually he brought misfortune - drought and subsequent famine. At the same time, Palestinian beliefs said that people born under the east wind would become happy and rich in the future - apparently, as an atonement for the hardships suffered at the very beginning of life.

In Mazdaism, the religion of the ancient Persians, the concept of "wind" meant the Universe itself, its influence on the Earth and people, both in the physical and in the energy sense. According to Muslim beliefs, the winds originated from the flapping wings of mythological birds supporting the throne of Allah.

The most famous god of the wind from the pantheon of the Eastern Slavs is, of course, Stribog. He was usually represented in the form of a gray-haired old hermit living at the end of the world, in a dense forest or on an island in the middle of the sea-ocean. It is curious that Stribog was mentioned and revered along with Dazhbog, the god of rain. The name Stribog originated from the ancient root "streg" and meant "senior", "paternal uncle". According to myths, Stribog was born from the breath of Svarog - the main god, symbolizing the clan. In addition to other functions, Stribog was responsible for the connection between the Upper and Lower pagan worlds. By the way, according to folklorists, the cult of Stribog lived for an incredibly long time. This god was invoked by millers in the Don region back in the 19th century. They called him Stryb, and taught their children a kind of song-spell:

Blow, Stryba, to us from the sky,

We need bread for tomorrow!

Other gods of the wind among the Slavs, as in the beliefs of other peoples, personified various types of winds. Depicted as a ruddy young man with blond curls, Dogoda (aka Weather) symbolized a gentle wind, a pleasant breath of air on a clear day - in a word, good weather. Dogoda was not friends with his brother Pozvizd (Whistle), who, on the contrary, caused bad weather and storms. Rains flowed from Whistle's thick beard, and with his breath he caught up the fogs. If Whistle shook his head, hail fell on the ground. Podaga - a hot, withering wind - came from the south.

The Slavs also singled out the north wind - Siverko, which carried the cold from the Arctic Ocean. Siverko was stern, and only softened a little towards the summer. Most of the names of the western and eastern winds came from words denoting the corresponding side of the world: the eastern and northeastern winds were called "vstok", "vstochina", "vstochnik", western, in turn, - "westerner" or "sunset".

In Russia, the names of winds in general were often formed from the name of that side of the world or the area from where they came. For example, on the Volga, the wind from the south was called "marine", and the southeast - "gorych" or "upland"; on Baikal, the northeast wind was called "angara" after the name of the river flowing from Baikal. By the way, on Lake Baikal, where the wind blows almost always, more than thirty local names of winds are known. The peculiarity of the penetrating Baikal winds is that most of them blow along the coast and there are few shelters from them. Apparently, since ancient times, this has taught local residents to distinguish one stream of cold air from another, in order to know where you can hide from the next one.

wind designation	Name	Direction
	Tramontana	Northern. Strong, dry and cold, blowing from the north or northeast.
NNE	Tramontana Greco	North northeast. Strong, dry and cold, blowing from the north or northeast.
	Greco	Northeastern. Strong wind typical of the Mediterranean.
ENE	Greco levante	East-Northeast.
	Levante	Oriental.
ESE	Levante scirocco	East South East.
	Scirocco	Southeastern. Warm and humid wind blowing from the Mediterranean Sea.
SSE	Ostro scoricco	South southeast.
	Ostro	South, dry and warm wind.
SSW	Ostro libeccio	South southwestern.
	Libeccio	Southwestern. Cold and damp wind.
WSW	Ponente libeccio	West southwest.
	Ponente	West.
WNW	ponente maestro	West-northwest.
	Maestro	Northwestern.
NNW	Tramontana maestro	North northwest.

A complete collection of wind names is here in the wind dictionary - http://old.marin.ru/lib_wind_index_01.shtml

Information taken from the website "Cloud Harbor"

Unfortunately the site no longer exists and the link does not work accordingly.

“The winds are evil over Canada”, “Above the window is a month. Wind under the window”, “Hey, barguzin, stir the shaft!”, “Night marshmallow streams ether”, “Snowstorm, snowstorm”, “Let the storm come on!”, As well as “Hostile whirlwinds” and kamikaze, all not mentioned by night , the wind of change, finally (I don’t want to remember about Nord-West at all) - we know all this from songs and poems. I wonder if poetry would gain more if it used all the possible names of the winds, and there are countless of them.

Literary critics, of course, have calculated how many approximately each classic of Russian literature has statements that realize the image of the wind. It turns out a lot - more than fifty. And there is also European literature. What about Chinese poetry? And the Japanese one? The average person gets by with a small set of different definitions of winds. We all know about the blizzard, snowstorm, snowstorm. A HURRICANE came from the language of the Indians (in truth, there is another version about the Turkic origin of the word, but storms and storms in Central America among the Kiche tribes were caused by “Hurakan” - the one-legged god of thunder and thunderstorms,

any bad weather and storms, and this is convincing). The Chinese word dai-feng - big wind - has become the well-known TYPHOON. Those who paid tribute to travel books in childhood cannot but remember the MISTRAL - a strong, gusty, cold and dry wind of northern directions, MUSSONS (very strong seasonal winds) and TRADE WINDS (easterly winds towards the equator).

Oh my dear, my incomparable lady,

My icebreaker is sad, and my navigator is looking south,

And, imagine that a star from the constellation Cygnus

Directly through the copper window looks mine.

Directly into the same window the wind flies,

Referred to in different places as the monsoon, then the trade wind.

He flies in and leafs through the letters with a clear smile,

Unsent because the addressee disappeared. (Vizbor).

How the child's imagination was affected by the description of SAMUMA (poisoned heat) - the fiery wind, the breath of death - a hot, dry storm in the deserts, or SIROCCO - a very dusty storm wind blowing from the deserts. And those who read Paustovsky should remember SORANG - according to legend, the legendary hot night wind in Scotland, observed once every several hundred years.

Many people remember from mythology BOREAS - the cold north wind, in many places on the northern coast of the Mediterranean Sea and the deity of the north wind in Greek mythology. Or ZEFIR - warm and humid on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea (Greece, Italy) and the deity of this wind in Greek mythology. And also AQUILON - cold north in Rome and the corresponding deity. Less well known is ARGEST, a dry wind in Greece and, of course, a deity. And the wind is, for example, WHITE. This is a very good wind, probably, many people love it: a dry and warm wind in good weather without precipitation. It has different names in different countries: Tongara Putih, Levant, Maren, Otan, Levkonotos. And on Lake Seliger, either an IDLE or a Married wind blows. There is, it turns out, the Wind of France - Biz, visas - the north wind in the mountainous regions of France, Italy, Switzerland. It plays a significant role in shaping living conditions and is accompanied by a significant cooling.

There is black biz (biz noir, biz negro), there is twilight or brown. And what beautiful wind names the Arabs (sea and desert travelers) have - ZOBAA (in desert Egypt), KASKAZI - off the southeastern coast of Arabia, IRIFI - strong dust storms in the Sahara and Morocco, sometimes bringing clouds of locusts to the Canary Islands. KALEMA - a very strong wind and ocean surf off the western coast of North Africa with waves reaching 6 meters in height. Kalema is also observed in other places of the ocean coasts - California and India. Khababai - on the shores of the Red Sea.

Even for sandstorms there is more than one name: HABUB, JANI, HAVA JANUBI, the famous KHAMSIN. And the Spaniards, who conquered the seas and oceans? Imberno, Abrego, Criador, Colla, Collada, LOS BRISOTES DE LA SAITA MARIA, TEMPORAL, PAMPERO in the Andes and on the Atlantic coast, PARAMITO in Colombia, ALICIO in the Canary Islands, CORDONASO and CHUBASCO in Mexico. Of course, the masters of the seas of the 18th and 19th centuries could not remain silent, and we know many English names for the winds. But there are also lesser known ones. English learners come across the idiom dog days - dog days - a period of light winds and hot weather, often with thunderstorms. And in the ports of the United States and Canada, workers called the storm with sleet, slush and splashing waves - BARBER (scratched the skin like a bad hairdresser). In Australia, there is a thunderstorm DRINK, or STRAIGHT-EYED BOB.

And it seems not at all poetic in sound, but it is possible that very glorious German names: ALLERHEILIGENWIND - a warm wind in the Alps, or MOATZAGOTL (goat's beard) - in the Sudetes. Surely in German poetry sounded BERNSHTEINVIND (amber wind) - the wind from the sea on the Baltic coast of the Kaliningrad region. In Japan, the wind has always been of great importance. The infamous KAMIKAZE is the divine wind in the mythology of Japan. According to legend, in 1281 he sank a squadron of ships of Khubilai, the grandson of Genghis Khan. But there are many other winds in Japan: KOGARASHI - a wind with snow, MATSUKAZE - a small breeze, autumn HIROTO, cloudy YAMASE. And a very good wind in beautiful weather - SUZUKAZE. "The winds sound" in other languages. LU, bow, feces - hot, dry, sultry and very dusty wind from the Himalayas to Delhi. (Lu has been reported to have lethargic sleep leading to memory loss.)

ADJINA-SHAMOL - squally damn wind blowing in Tajikistan and uprooting trees. BATTIKALOA KACCHAN - a warm wind on about. Sri Lanka. (He received the nickname of a madman, as it negatively affects the condition of some patients). TAN GA MB I L I - in Equatorial Africa and Zanzibar, which is called violent. AKMAN, tukman - a strong snowstorm in Bashkiria, marking the transition to spring. Indonesian winds TENGGARA and PANAS UTARA, Mexican (Aztec word) - TEHUANTEPEKERO, Yakut SOBURUUNGU TYAL, Afghan BAD-I-GARDEN-O-BISTROS, Bengali BAISHAK, Nigerian, demolishing the roofs of houses - GADARI, Hawaiian UKIUKIU. Forty-day Shamal of the Persian Gulf. And the winds in Russia? There is so much one blizzard: a blizzard, a veya, a fan, a blizzard, a chicken, a borosho, and together with it - a snowdrift, a drag, a crawl, a poderukha, diarrhea, a drag. SOLODNIK, head - at the mouth of the Kolyma River.

BABIY WIND - weak Kamchatka wind. POLUNOCHNIK - a northeast wind in the north, blowing from high latitudes, on the Yenisei it is called rekostave, frostbite. PADARA - a storm with snow and wind. HVIUS, chius, chiuz, fiyuz - a sharp north wind, accompanied by severe frost. CHISTYAK - a severe snowstorm with a clear sky and severe frost in Western Siberia. SHELONIK - southwest wind.

There are also common names, for example, the famous LEVAN (levant) - the east wind in the Mediterranean, Black and Azov Seas (from Gibraltar to the Kuban) or GARBII - the southern sea wind in Italy, as well as in the Black and Azov Seas. In the Yalta Bay, it beats a high wave and is able to throw a fishing boat ashore.

We can't hide from the winds. Wind I'm over, and you're alive.

And the wind, complaining and crying, Rocks the forest and the cottage.

Not every pine tree separately, but completely all trees

With all the boundless distance, Like sailboats of the body

On the surface of the ship's bay. And it's not out of the blue

Or out of aimless rage, And in anguish to find words

You for a lullaby song.

Boris Pasternak

Mountain, Barguzin, Verkhovik, Kultuk, Sarma, Angara

Strong winds, even without taking into account the resulting waves, can be a serious danger to a light tourist vessel. Therefore, it is worth while still on land in a calm atmosphere to get acquainted with the Baikal winds and signs by which one can judge impending troubles.

Baikal is surrounded on all sides by mountain ranges, which have a significant impact on the climate, in particular, on the formation of air currents. The determining factor is the presence of intermountain basins surrounding Baikal, the temperature in which differs significantly from the temperature in the main basin - the Baikal one. The greatest temperature difference occurs in autumn, it reaches 30-40 degrees, which leads to a significant pressure drop and the emergence of powerful air currents.

The average wind load on Lake Baikal depends on the geographic location, time of year and time of day. The most favorable season is the one that interests us most - summer. In June–July, 80% of the time falls on calm or light wind (wave height does not exceed 0.5 m). Strong winds most often occur in autumn, for example, in the region of Olkhon Island in October-December, a strong wind blows on average 58 days out of 100.

During the day, the quietest time is two to three hours after sunrise and about the same before sunset. Calm lasting a day is rare. The following figure with wind roses in different parts of the coast can give an idea of the duration of the calm.

The Baikal wind tends to intensify near capes. Even in complete calm, a small breeze can blow in front of the capes, and in windy weather, the increase in wind speed can be significant. This should be taken into account when passing rocky capes that drop steeply into the water.

By origin, the winds in the Baikal basin are divided into passing and local winds. The first are associated with the passage of atmospheric fronts and air masses over the lake - these are the strongest winds. Local winds arise from the difference in air temperatures over water and land. A vivid and well-known example is a breeze blowing from the sea to land during the day, and from land to sea at night. Usually the local wind is not dangerous. The exception, apparently, is the pokatuha, which will be discussed below.

Depending on the direction, two main types of Baikal winds are distinguished - longitudinal and transverse. The former blow along the basin of the lake and, due to the considerable length of the acceleration, raise large waves, the latter blow across the basin, they are distinguished by special deceit and ferocity.

A good artistic description of the Baikal winds can be found in O. Gusev's book "The Naturalist on Baikal". According to O. Gusev, there are about 30 local names of winds, often the same wind has several names.

Below is a description and characteristics of the most remarkable air currents found on Baikal. I note that Baikal is not in vain famous for its violent temper, even in the calmest season - summer - strong storms can occur. It often happens that several winds blow at the same time and it is quite difficult to understand which of them we are dealing with. The wind in such situations can almost instantly change direction to the opposite.

Directions of air currents on Baikal and wind roses for the summer period are shown on the map.

Verkhovik

Verkhovik, also known as Angara (the second name is more often used in the northern part of the lake, in the southern part it introduces confusion - the wind that rules at the source of the Angara is also called the Angara). Sometimes the names verkhovka, north, sever are used. It is named so because it blows from the valley of the Upper Angara River, i.e. from the top of the lake.

Verkhovik can blow all over Baikal at the same time. In summer, Verkhovik rarely reaches the southern tip of Lake Baikal, limiting himself to Cape Tolstoy as the southern border (there are six capes with this name on Baikal, in this case, we mean the cape located about 10 km east of the village of Listvyanka). In the northern Baikal, the verkhovik blows from the north, in the middle and southern Baikal - from the northeast.

Especially ferocious Verkhoviks happen before the freezing of Lake Baikal - in December. The wind is not gusty - it usually blows calmly, the weather with such a wind is dry and clear.

Verkhovik usually starts in the morning, after sunrise and often subsides before sunset, but it can blow for a very long time without stopping - up to ten days. Such lingering winds begin from mid-August. Due to the considerable duration and lack of gusts, the surf can create very large waves. This is one of the most famous and significant winds on Baikal.

The harbinger of Verkhovik is the bright red horizon before sunrise.

Kultuk

Kultuk, he is a grassroots worker, lowlander. The wind blowing from the lower, southern tip of Lake Baikal, from the Kultuk Bay (more precisely, from the Kultuchnaya Pad). This is a southwestern wind, it blows in the direction opposite to the Verkhovik, but also along the lake basin. Kultuk brings with it powerful storms, rains and cloudy weather. Sometimes in spring and early summer the kultuk blows even in clear weather. This wind can blow immediately over the entire basin of the lake, but not as long as the verkhovik. Quite often, the kultuk swoops in suddenly, and just as suddenly can give way to the wind of the opposite direction - the verkhovik. Kultuk leads to the strongest storms on Baikal, raising huge gloomy leaden waves.

The gloomy clouds gathering in the southwestern part of Baikal serve as a harbinger of kultuk.

Barguzin

Barguzin - even and strong northeast wind. The names midnighter are also used (sometimes the barguzin blows at night) and the already outdated barguznik. The air flow breaks out of the Barguzin valley.

Unlike the longitudinal winds - Verkhovik and Kultuk - the Barguzin blows across the lake basin and only in its middle part. It is assumed that under certain conditions the Barguzin can reach southern Baikal. In terms of duration and strength, it is inferior to Verkhovik and Kultuk.

Barguzin usually does not blow for more than a day, most often it starts after sunrise and subsides by sunset. Usually barguzin brings sunny weather with it. The wind speed rarely exceeds 20 m/s, but in Barguzinsky Bay it can reach hurricane force.

Mountain

Northwest wind. Refers to cross winds. The cold air flow breaks down from the mountains (hence the name) - from the slopes of the Primorsky and Baikal ridges and spreads its influence only on the western coast of Baikal. Olkhon Buryats in the old days called the mountain wind - khoyta-khaltin or barun-khoyta-khaltin.

The occurrence of this wind is due to the existence of the Primorsky and Baikal mountain ranges on the northern coast of Lake Baikal. Cold Arctic masses, approaching Baikal, accumulate near these mountain ranges, unable to cross them on the move. Having accumulated a critical mass, the cold air passes over the mountains and, accelerating, rushes along the steep slopes to Baikal. In some places of the coast - in the valleys of mountain rivers - there are especially favorable conditions for dispersing air currents. This is how sarma, harahaikha and other varieties of mountain wind of hurricane force arise.

Mountain - the most ferocious and insidious of the Baikal winds. It swoops in suddenly, the speed increases in jumps, the maximum speed of the mountain can reach 40-50 m / s. Mountain is often called sarma, although sarma, like harakhaikha, buguldeika, angara, are varieties of mountain.

There are a number of signs by which you can predict the occurrence of a mountain in advance. In summer, it is often preceded by calm windless weather and sweltering heat, clouds appear over the mountain peaks, gradually forming a gloomy cloudy shaft, stretching over the mountain range. A fairly reliable sign can be a sharp drop in atmospheric pressure.

According to my personal observations, in summer the mountain wind starts most often at night.

Sarma

A strong squally wind escaping from the valley of the Sarma River, which flows into the Small Sea, is a kind of mountain wind. Cold Arctic air from the Prilenskaya Upland, overflowing through the Primorsky Range, enters the Sarma River Valley narrowing towards Lake Baikal - a natural wind tunnel, at the exit of which it reaches hurricane speed.

Sarma can blow continuously for several days, and the wind is so strong that it knocks down trees, overturns ships, rips off roofs from houses and dumps livestock from the shore into the sea. The roofs of houses in the village of Sarma, located in the valley of the river of the same name, are tied to the ground by residents. This wind is most frequent and fierce in autumn and winter. On average, in November the sarma blows for 10 days, in December - 13. Usually the sarma covers the Small Sea and the western part of Baikal, but sometimes it can also be felt on the eastern shore of the lake. Wind speed increases abruptly and quickly reaches hurricane force.

A sign of an approaching sarma is stratocumulus clouds with sharply defined boundaries, gathering over the peaks of the Primorsky Range near the Sarma Gorge. It usually takes 2–3 hours from the beginning of cloud concentration to the first gust of sarma. The last warning is the opening of the "gate" - the appearance of a gap between the tops of the mountains and the lower edge of the clouds. Sometimes you can see wisps of clouds rushing down the mountain slopes. The wind picks up 15–30 minutes after that.

Harahaiha

A kind of mountainous, extremely ferocious squally wind blowing from the valley of the Goloustnaya River. It is especially frequent in autumn and winter, at the same time it is most strong and long-lasting. The name comes from the Buryat "hara" - black.

buguldeyka

Strong transverse wind escaping from the Buguldeyka river valley. Like all mountain winds, it can blow continuously for several days.

Angara

A kind of mountain wind blowing from the valley of the Angara River. Reaches great strength, dispersing ferocious waves in the shallow source of the Angara. Usually blows evenly, without squalls. Brings damp cold weather to the eastern shore. It happens especially often in autumn and winter.

Selenga

Cold transverse southeast wind blowing from the Selenga river valley can reach the western bank and lead to dead swell in the area of Buguldeyka village.

Shelonnik

Rolling down from the Khamar-Daban ridge, the air masses that came from Mongolia manifest themselves in the form of a warm southeast wind. The speed of the shelonnik usually does not exceed 10 m/s.

The name, most likely, was brought by the Novgorodians - this is the name of the southeast wind on the Shelon River, which flows into Lake Ilmen. Shelonnik is most often observed in spring, autumn and early winter; it covers only the southern part of the lake. Brings warm weather.

Pokatuha

Strong short-term local squall. Its harbinger can be an elongated cloud or a strip of fog above the water (according to V.P. Bryansky, a cloud-harbinger of a cylindrical shape, rotating around a longitudinal axis, is located in the mountains, at an average height). After a while, the cloud begins to move rapidly with a powerful squall, overturning boats, breaking trees, sweeping away everything in its path.

Here is how eyewitness L. Perminov describes the ride: “A strange cloud attracted my attention. It was small in diameter and stretched evenly over the lake along the west-east axis. The cloud seemed to stand still for a long time, but suddenly rushed to the east. I considered it prudent And then ahead I saw a "devil's spiral" rushing low over the water. Spinning clockwise (when viewed from the east), the spiral rushed over the water with an unusually high speed for a cloud. Something mystical blew from this whirlwind. The lake boiled Dangerous high waves rolled after the cloud."

There is little information about the pokatuha, apparently, this wind occurs only on the eastern shore of Lake Baikal in the Vydrino-Boyarsky section.

In conclusion, I want to note the following. Although many years of statistical data have been accumulated on Baikal winds, no one can reliably answer the question of which direction the wind will prevail in any area of Baikal, for example, in July. The reason is that the main wind flows are through, i.e. are determined by external conditions - atmospheric fronts passing through the Baikal basin.

Literature:

OK. Gusev "Naturalist on Baikal", "Soviet Russia", M., 1977.
V.P. Solonin "Shore of Baikal", Materials for tourists, Irkutsk, 1991.
V.P. Bryansk "Desired, furious, beautiful", Tourist guide, Irkutsk, 2001.

wind designation	Name	Direction
		Northern. Strong, dry and cold, blowing from the north or northeast.
	Tramontana Greco	North northeast. Strong, dry and cold, blowing from the north or northeast.
		Northeastern. Strong wind typical of the Mediterranean.
		East-Northeast.
		Oriental.
	Levante scirocco	East South East.
		Southeastern. Warm and humid wind blowing from the Mediterranean Sea.
		South southeast.
		South, dry and warm wind.
		South southwestern.
		Southwestern. Cold and damp wind.
	Ponente libeccio	West southwest.
		West.
		West-northwest.
		Northwestern.
	Tramontana maestro	North northwest.

Information taken from the Cloud Haven website.
Unfortunately the site no longer exists and the link does not work accordingly.

“The winds are evil over Canada”, “Above the window is a month. Wind under the window”, “Hey, barguzin, stir the shaft!”, “Night marshmallow streams ether”, “Snowstorm, snowstorm”, “Let the storm come on!”, As well as “Hostile whirlwinds” and kamikaze, all not mentioned by night , the wind of change, finally (I don’t want to remember at all about Nord-West) - we know all this from songs and poems. I wonder if poetry would gain more if it used all the possible names of the winds, and there are countless of them.

Literary critics, of course, have calculated how many approximately each classic of Russian literature has statements that realize the image of the wind. It turns out a lot - more than fifty. And there is also European literature. What about Chinese poetry? And the Japanese one? The average person gets by with a small set of different definitions of winds. We all know about the blizzard, snowstorm, snowstorm. A HURRICANE came from the language of the Indians (to tell the truth, there is another version about the Turkic origin of the word, but storms and storms in Central America among the Kiche tribes were caused by “Hurakan” - the one-legged god of thunder and thunderstorms,

any bad weather and storms, and this is convincing). The Chinese word dai-feng - big wind - has become the well-known TYPHOON. Those who paid tribute to travel books in their childhood cannot but remember MISTRAL - a strong, gusty, cold and dry wind of northern directions, MUSSONS (very strong seasonal winds) and TRADE WINDS (easterly winds towards the equator).

Oh my dear, my incomparable lady,

My icebreaker is sad, and my navigator is looking south,

And, imagine that a star from the constellation Cygnus

Directly through the copper window looks mine.

Directly into the same window the wind flies,

Referred to in different places as the monsoon, then the trade wind.

He flies in and leafs through the letters with a clear smile,

Unsent because the addressee disappeared. (Vizbor).

How children's imaginations were affected by descriptions of SAMUMA (poisoned heat) - the fiery wind, the breath of death - a hot, dry storm in the deserts, or SIROCCO - a very dusty storm wind blowing from the deserts. And those who read Paustovsky should remember SORANG - according to legend, the legendary hot night wind in Scotland, observed once every several hundred years.

And it seems not at all poetic in sound, but it is possible that very glorious German names: ALLERHEILIGENWIND - a warm wind in the Alps, or MOATZAGOTL (goat's beard) - in the Sudetes. Surely, BERNSTEINWIND (amber wind) sounded in German poetry - the wind from the sea on the Baltic coast of the Kaliningrad region. In Japan, the wind has always been of great importance. The infamous KAMIKAZE is the divine wind in the mythology of Japan. According to legend, in 1281 he sank a squadron of ships of Khubilai, the grandson of Genghis Khan. But there are many other winds in Japan: KOGARASHI - wind with snow, MATSUKAZE - a small breeze, autumn HIROTO, cloudy YAMASE. And a very good wind in beautiful weather - SUZUKAZE. "The winds sound" in other languages. LU, bow, feces - hot, dry, sultry and very dusty wind from the Himalayas to Delhi. (Lu has been reported to have lethargic sleep leading to memory loss.)

ADJINA-SHAMOL - squally damn wind blowing in Tajikistan and uprooting trees. BATTIKALOA KACCHAN - a warm wind on about. Sri Lanka. (He received the nickname of a madman, as it negatively affects the condition of some patients). TAN GA MB I L I - in Equatorial Africa and Zanzibar, which is called violent. AKMAN, tukman - a strong snowstorm in Bashkiria, marking the transition to spring. Indonesian winds TENGGARA and PANAS UTARA, Mexican (Aztec word) - TEHUANTEPEKERO, Yakut SOBURUUNGU TYAL, Afghan BAD-I-SAD-O-BISTROS, Bengali BAISHAK, Nigerian, demolishing the roofs of houses - GADARI, Hawaiian UKIUKIU. Forty-day Shamal of the Persian Gulf. And the winds in Russia? There is so much one blizzard: a blizzard, a veya, a winnowing plant, a blizzard, a chicken, a borosho, and with it - a snowdrift, a drag, a crawl, a trap, diarrhea, a drag. SOLODNIK, head - at the mouth of the Kolyma River.

BABIY WIND - weak Kamchatka wind. POLUNOCHNIK - a northeast wind in the north, blowing from high latitudes, on the Yenisei it is called rekostave, frostbite. PADARA - a storm with snow and wind. HVIUS, chius, chiuz, fiyuz - a sharp north wind, accompanied by severe frost. CHISTYAK is a severe snowstorm with a clear sky and severe frost in Western Siberia. SHELONIK - southwest wind.

There are also common names, for example, the famous LEVAN (levant) - the east wind on the Mediterranean, Black and Azov seas (from Gibraltar to the Kuban) or GARBII - the south sea wind in Italy, as well as on the Black and Azov seas.In the Yalta Bay, he whips up a high wave and is able to throw a fishing boat ashore.

We can't hide from the winds. Wind I'm over, and you're alive.

And the wind, complaining and crying, Rocks the forest and the cottage.

Not every pine tree separately, but completely all trees

With all the boundless distance, Like sailboats of the body

On the surface of the ship's bay. And it's not out of the blue

Or out of aimless rage, And in anguish to find words

You for a lullaby song.

Boris Pasternak