The new Russian language program in the upper grades of a special (correctional) school has a communicative focus. Letter under escort

Elect..attend the presidium, pr..be present at the pr..mire of the performance, visit pr..zident, enjoy pr..privileges, pr..priority in space exploration.

173. Write off. Name the synonyms of the given words. With vyde
Make up sentences orally using the given words.

Chase, whimsical, bizarre, bring to life, touch, endure, get used to, finicky person, obstacles, pr. creative, pr.. flattering, pr.. vision.

174. Write off by inserting the words given in brackets instead of dots.

1) Transistor...worked well. The young engineer turned out to be worthy ... of a well-known designer (successor, successor). 2) The brigade could immediately ... to work. Nobody wanted ... this oath (to transgress, proceed). 3) A group of climbers carried out ... an ascent to an inaccessible mountain peak. Systematic training is ... a condition for any sports success (indispensable, unparalleled). 4) This is ... a phenomenon. All ... patients were met by the doctor on duty (transient, coming).

175. Write off. Explain (orally) the spelling of words with prefixes
pre- And at-. Make a morphemic analysis of the highlighted word.

1) A. S. Popov invented the world's first radio transmitter and successor. - Maxim Gorky - the successor of the realist writers of the XIX century. 2) The tree bowed its branches to the ground itself. - Contemporaries bowed down before the remarkable talent of Shchepkin. 3) During our stay in Yalta, we liked to watch the arrival of steamers. 4) My uncle, Mr. Sipyagin, my mother's brother, has matured me. (T.) 5) I pretended to be asleep. (L. T.) 6) Tatyana believed in the pr.. tributes of the common folk antiquity. (P.) With the trusting hope of the first years, friends with a different soul pr .. gave themselves tender. (P.) - The presence of a comrade betrayed his courage. (T.S.)

176. Write out words with missing letters. Prefixes about
mean.

1) I was approaching my destination. 2) The peasant immediately began to try on his sheepskin coat. 3) Garrison life had little attraction for me. 4) “Vasilisa Egorovna is a good .. brave lady,” Shvabrin remarked importantly. 5) Palashka pr .. brought us swords. We left the commandant's, apparently reconciled. 6) I understood the emphasis-

another slander with which Shvabrin persecuted her [Masha]. 7) “Think carefully,” she added, “whether there will be obstacles from your relatives?” 8) The disdain with which he [father] mentioned Marya Ivanovna seemed to me as obscene as it was unfair. 9) I rarely met with Shvabrin and reluctantly, especially since I noticed in him an unpleasantness hidden to himself. 10) Suddenly they shouted in the crowd that the sovereign on a horse was waiting for the prisoners, etc., taking the right swear. 11) Our eyes met; in mine he [Shvabrin] could read his vision, and he turned away with an expression of sincere malice and feigned mockery. 12) May God give you a hundred years of health for the fact that I, an old man, was mature and reassured. 13) Any word reminiscent of the alleged crime of the son was painful for him [the father]. 14) Here the notes of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev stop.

(A. Pushkin)

177. Make phrases with these words and write them down.
Specify the ways of syntactic connection of the main and dependent
words.

To transform, proceed, preparation, obstacle, overcome, obstacle, adventure, wrangling, reconcile, arrival, stay, excellent.

178. Write off. Label the underlined words.

Universal recognition, great transformer, life pr ​​.. title, desire for occupations, growing r.. stenia, continuously conducting wide .. rock experimental research, overcoming obstacles, amazing perseverance, irresistible perseverance, pr .. fruits that taste good , ok..zat all possible under..rzhku, pr..to continue the work begun.

§ 29

179. Explain the spelling of consonants at the junction of the prefix and cor
nya, indicating the prefix and root in each word. As a result
Why do double consonants appear in some words?

Fearless, formless, entrusted, view, rebellion, exclaim, chill, shade, thaw, ot-

rub, give in, file, blew, plantain, dawn, flourishing, threshold, exile, abrasion.

180. From the words placed in brackets, using the indicated
prefixes to form new words. Underline the double
vowels.

Without- or devil-(strong, verbal, tasty, valuable, vicious, sleepy); WHO- or voe-(vision, becoming, holding on, accepting, creating); from- or is-(to chill, to cram, to fry, to spoil, to follow); from- or o- (drag, melt, get heavy, push); under- or on-(tease, given, give, donate); once- or race-(give, burn, write, flog, saddle, ask, melt, spend, even, count).

181. Write off. Label the underlined words.

1) It was the beginning of March, there was a thaw. (Ch.) 2) The center of the division was canceled almost to the Volga itself. (A. N. T.) 3) And soon I found dashing comrades in the forests of strangers, b..terrible, hard as damask ... (L.) 4) Old man, r.khteliv bathrobe, slept peacefully under a tree. (F.) 5) Pavel Petrovich slightly bowed his flexible frame and smiled slightly, but did not give his hand. (T.) 6) Frozen earth is not p. .given shovels and crowbars. (K.S.) 7) The son, bending his broad back, spent mother under the arms. (New-Pr.) 8) The train went deep into the forests of the North, pr.door Kola Peninsula. (Lidin) 9) Finished r..accounts, Alexandra Mikhailovna hid the money. (Ver.) 10) Gregory with r..read slowly tightened p..sprugi. (Shol.) 11) This man spoke to me for a long time about his worlds..vision.(Are.) 12) A lot of r.. gilded carriages were already standing in the meadow. (P.) 13) The war ruined him, l..sewed the former zeal for work. (Shol.) 14) Dymov without a frock coat, in r..quilted vest e .. affairs at the table. (Ch.)

§ 30. USE OF DIVIDING Ъ AND b

Dividing b it is written:

a) after prefixes in agreement
nuyu;

b) in compound words after
two, three, four

front e (e), u, i (departure, volume, pre-anniversary, hug, bunk).

Dividing b written: before e (e), i, yu, i in all other cases (in beehive, drink, sparrows, sew, trees).

Notes: 1. Letter b not written before but, about, u, uh (agitate, window sill, be able to save money), as well as in compound words (children, foreign language).

    Letter b written in foreign words after prefixes ad-, in-, con-, ob-, sub- and after the first part of the compound word (adjutant, injection, conjuncture, object, subject, courier).

    Letter b written in some foreign words before about (battalion, pavilion, postman, companion, medallion, broth and etc.).

182. Write off. Explain the chosen spellings.

Without-(responsible, emergency, reproachful); from-(reveal, worn, plentiful); about-(eat, show); from-(revealed, to examine); pre-(persuasion, notice, show); once-(teach, assure, rage); above-(natural); two-(tiered, storey); from-(shrink, ride, save, agitate).

183. Read. Explain (verbally) the lexical meaning of the
lazy words. Write off. Compose with each highlighted word
phrase.

Explain, lifting, courier, feuilleton, interview, from ..yat, from ..yana, under ..yachiy, d..yavol, companion, (c) bez .. will..phenomenon, 6a-rel..ef, p..edestal, premiere, pavil..on, (two) act comedy, (three) language dictionary, (three) axle car, ad..yutant, subjective, objective , (four) element th, bar..er.

184. Write off by issuing the 1st and 2nd sentences as quotes. To you
Find synonyms for the given words.

1) The task of a serious writer is to build a p..esu on figures that are artistically convincing. (M. G.) 2) An artist-writer must be objective. (Hound.) 3) The moon shines a little over the mountain; ob..yaty groves of darkness. (P.) 4) On the sides in ... the landlords ... and estates, villages disappeared. (S.-SH.) 5) Battal..he, with whom I went from fortress N, remained in the ar..ergard. (L.T.) 6) Ad..jutant stood up, putting his hands in his pockets, and began to walk around the site. (L.T.) 7) Dawn

b..dirty streak ob..emlet bright heaven. (P.) 8) A one-story pavilion bent in a semicircle of .. (M. G.) 9) The day began sunny, cloudless and hot. (Gonch.) 10) Prince Andrei was sent by courier that same night. (L.T.) 11) Raising his fists over the back of the driver, the courier frantically rushes. (N.)

§ 31. LETTERS S AND AND AFTER CONFIGURATIONS

After prefixes ending in a consonant, instead of And spelled s according to pronunciation, for example: find, artless, unprincipled, uninitiative. Letter And is preserved: 1) in words with prefixes inter- And above-, for example: interpublishing(contract), ultra-refined(taste); 2) in words with foreign prefixes, for example: counterplay, disinfection.

Note. In compound words, the initial And the second root is preserved, for example: medical institute.

185. Write down these words. Make up eight phrases with them.

Without-(famous, original, skillful, interesting, ideological, initiative); from-(search); from-(play, seek); under-(summarize); once-(search); pre-(history); (sport) inventory.

§ 32. LETTERS CEO AFTER HISTS AND C

    In many word roots, stressed after hissing is pronounced about, but it is written her), if it's about alternating with e in related words: wives(cf.: woman), had(cf.: come), click(cf.: slot), damn(cf.: hell), whisper(cf.: whispers). Where there is no such alternation in related words, in the roots under stress it is written about: pulp, heartburn, glutton, seam, clink glasses, prim, saddler, rustle, as well as in nouns burn And arson(Verbs: burnt, set on fire).

    Under stress after hissing, it is pronounced and written about:

a) in the endings of nouns, adjectives and at the end of adverbs: cloak\om\ , rein[oi] , Fomich\om\ , large]Wow\ u hot, common, but yet;

b) in s^fixes of nouns -ok, -onk-, -onok (knot, little hand, barrel) And -is he(where about fluent: TO H5bZh H b TO AE - jbn); in adjective suffixes -oe- (canvas, hedgehog) And -is he(with a cursory o: laugh).

3. In other cases, under stress after hissing
if it is pronounced about, then it is written her). These include:

a) verb endings: oven\eat\ oven\et\ , oven\eat\ ;

b) suffixes of passive participles -enn-, -young-
(as well as the suffix -yeon- in adjectives formed from
verbs): armed, armed; baked;

c) suffixes of verbs (and nouns, formed
from these verbs): to demarcate (demarcation).

Notes: 1. In some foreign words, the letter about written after hissing and not under stress, for example: driver, jockey, chocolate, chauvinism, juggler, highway.

2. You should remember the spelling of some words with obscure morphemic composition or unproductive suffixes: gooseberry, slum, study(cf.: teaching), ratchet, lattice (cf .: sieve), liver(cf.: liver), twine(cf.: string), intestines(cf.: gut), cheap(cf.: cheaper).

4. If stressed after c pronounced oh then and pi
it's about; spelled without stress e. Letter yo after c never
not written: plinth, coat, but mirror; fathers, but
wells; Well done, but well; facing, dancer,
pepper,
but chintz; veneer, but veneer.

Note. In an unstressed syllable, o is written after c only in a word clatter(cf.: clatter) and in some foreign words, for example: palazzo(Castle), scherzo(a piece of music at a lively, fast pace).

186. Write off. Mark the stress on the missing words

I. Zh.htky sofa, artificial sh..lk, mill zh..rnov, fragile black..ln, cast-iron rep.tka, strong twine..vka, buy cheap..vka, h..porny man, ripe kryzh..vnik, heavy..ly burn..g, fire..g of the barn, burn..g hand, fight against locusts..y, go for luggage..m, go with new..y, fast download.. k, funny dog ​​..nka, funny honey-vezh .. nok, brocade .. wow tablecloth, reeds .. wow roof, burning .. coffee, night .. vka in the forest, armed attack, paved road .. se, chocolate color.

II. Quiet in..pox, talk common.., act hot..,
barrel .. nok with water, skillful j .. ngler, experienced sh .. fer,
cheap..goods, double s..in, twirl rattle..weave, printed..
apples, canvas..vy mesh..k, soft wool..stka.

III. Socle etane, ts..hoof tinkle, get piss
metz.., go with father..m, wag fingers..m, valiant
look, glossy..twisted paper, excellent dance..p,
dance .. mazurka, prance .. trot on a horse, facing .. vka walls,
line the building, bend over the wells..m, punts..vy
lips.

187. Read. Indicate the stress in words in which letters are missing e And about after hissing and c. Write off. Identify the part of the word that contains the letter e or about after hissing. Sort the underlined words according to their composition.

1) The lower logs at the mill rotted, and well .. the forehead, into which water flows ..t from the pond, tilted. (Tel.) 2) Fresh ..e and zh..sche became the wind. (G.) 3) We br..saim into the ground f..lud - an oak grows. (Tim.) 4) In the taiga, sh..l is exactly sh..roh and mysterious sh..pot. (Kor.) 5) Under the foot of Kondraty, a crunch (?) zero such..k. (A. N. T.) 6) The guard (?) Knocks on his rattle .. weaving. (F. Sh.) 7) The doctor came ..l, translated .. hall to me. (M. G.) 8) The windows in the wing were blocked by a wooden lattice, the doors were locked with locks. (P.)

9) For about a month we lived in a village. (ACT.)

10) The area..tiny on the water..storages were almost brought to
about..ktnoy height. K..nal already about faces.
plates. (Paust.) 13) The boy was without a hat, with
canvas .. howl with a bag over his shoulders ... (Boon.)

§ 33. GENERAL RULES FOR SPELLING COMPOUND WORDS

1. In compound words, letters are used as connecting vowels about And e. After stems into a hard consonant (except well, them And c) the letter o is written, for example: diesel locomotive. After the stems on a soft consonant, on And, to a hissing sound and c the letter e is written, for example: earthquake, local history, pedestrian, birder. In some cases, the soft consonant of the first stem hardens and therefore the connecting vowel o is written, for example: fabulist, hunter.

In separate words, the ending of the nominative case is preserved in the first part of a compound noun, for example: time reckoning, pastime, pastime.

2. Cardinal numbers in education
compound words are used in the genitive padé form
yes, for example: seven-year plan(seven years old) fifteen meters
out
(fifteen meters) forty-minute(forty mi
chickpeas).

An exception. Numerals hundred And ninety, being part of a compound word, they do not change their form, for example: century, ninety. The word is written with the letter o centipede.

Compound words that are formed with the help of connecting vowels o, e or the first part of which is a numeral, are written together, for example: airplane, agriculture, three-year-old.

Note. Words on -ification (electrification, gasification, classification etc.) are not complex. They are formed with the suffix -ification, so it's spelled with a letter And. Compare: compound words with a connecting vowel o: electric motor, gas generator.

3. Compound words can be formed by compound
base parts floor-(half) and noun in rodi
positive case, for example: half a house, half a morning. After floor-
a hyphen is placed before vowels, all capital letters
you, as well as before a consonant l, for example: half island,
half Moscow, half a lemon.
before other consonants
no hyphen, for example: half a century, half a city, half a century
mogo.

Words that start with semi-, are always written together, for example: semi-automatic, semi-white, half-century, peninsula.

188. Write off. Emphasize the connecting vowels o and e. Make up phrases with the underlined words.

Traveler, linguistics, octahedron, tea drinking, horse .. watering, blood .. treatment, circulatory, eleven .. meter, forty .. bucket, forty .. leg, one hundred thousandth, fiftieth anniversary, beast .. battle, fabulous

5 - V. F. Grekov

men. .tes, solar heat, oil pipeline, mechanical engineering, electric motor, electrification, gas pipeline, gasification.

189. Write off. Explain spelling.

1) (Ninety ..) summer anniversary, new (years ..) reckoning, festive (?) New (time ..) pr .. spending, unexpected (s) (mind ..) -descent, (s) (mind ..) reduced speed. 2) Absent (half) a year, mow (half) meadows, proceed (half) R. .si, about .. go (half) of Europe, fall behind by (half) a point, work out (half) shifts, get up (half) three, break at (half) eleventh, (half) a spoonful of honey, buy (half) sneakers, make (a half turn, cut off (half) a lemon, reach the (half) final.

190. Read. Determine which letters are missing in the words.
Check with a spelling dictionary. write down difficult words
underline. Make up phrases with the underlined words.

Intelligent - intelligent, intelligent, intelligentsia; b..groovy - b..gloss, turn purple; k..slave - k..slave, shipbuilding; chu..stvo - sensitive, feel; honor - honor; participate; priority; privilege - privileged; enthusiasm - enthusiast; electric - electrification, electrify, power plant.

§ 34. RULES OF WORDS TRANSFER

If the word does not fit on the line, then part of it is transferred to another line. The basic transfer rules are as follows:

    The word is carried by syllables: city, then-va-rishch. However, one letter cannot be left on a line or transferred to another line. For example, you can’t transfer “oh-th-rod”, “a-ri-ya”, “o-boz”, it is necessary - garden; words like aria, convoy cannot be separated by transfer.

    With a confluence of consonants, the division into syllables is free: spring, weight-on; sister And sister; peasant And peasant.

    Letters b, b, and cannot be separated from the preceding letters: fighters, large, entrance.

    When hyphenating words with prefixes, you cannot hyphenate a consonant at the end of a prefix if a consonant follows

same, i.e., it is impossible to divide: “to go”, “to untie”, but it is necessary: under-ho-dit, un-knit. It is also impossible to leave at the end of the line with a prefix the initial part of the root, which does not make up a syllable: send-slat(and not "apply") remove(and not "ots-tran").

5. When transferring compound words, the initial part of the second stem should not be left at the end of the line if this part does not constitute a syllable: five-gram or five-gram(and not "five-gram").

Note. When translating words, keep the following in mind:

    if there is a letter after the consonant prefix s 9 it is not allowed to transfer the part of the word starting with s, that is, it should be transferred: search or seek out(and not “un-search”);

    do not leave at the end of the line or transfer to the beginning of the next two identical consonants between vowels: buzz-reap(and not "zhu-zhu-zhu"), weight(and not "ma-ssa"), equestrian(and not "ko-ny"); this rule does not apply to the initial double consonants of the root, for example: co-burnt, quarrel(see paragraph 4), as well as to double consonants of the second stem in compound words, for example: innovation(see paragraphs 4, 5).

From the above rules it follows that many words can be transferred in various ways (sister, sister; cool, cool; crazy, crazy); at the same time, one should prefer such transfers in which the significant parts of the word are not broken (transfer cool better than transfer cool; transfer insane better than insane).

191. Write down these words, separating them with dashes for transfer.

I. Wheel, caricature, drama, bucket, bench, passing, monkey, crystal, vestibule, juniper, expose, question, prejudice, unprincipled, pick up, programmatic, worldview, crystal, clear, aster, hotel, echo, clearing, entry, pail, calculation, count, draw, win, build on, find, correspondent, massive, cumbersome, approach, set on fire.

P. Vinaigrette, stand, immense, friend, eleven, terrace, windy, resource, windless, happened, break, volume, slippery, send, eliminate, cutter, earthquake, play, irritation, creation,

1. In in accordance with the morphological principle of Russian spelling, consonants and vowels in most prefixes are written the same way, without reflecting a change in pronunciation, for example: cut down, knock down, sew, compress, forward, deliver, run in, write, chop off, give away, build on, send, toss, present.

2. Attachments without-, air- (vz-), from-, bottom-, through- (through), raz- spelled with a letter h before vowels and voiced consonants and with a letter from before voiceless consonants: boundless- helpless, age- uprising, burn- heal, overthrow- subvert, excessive- too much, scatter- cut; calculate, reckon.

3. In set-top boxes, (races)-roses - (rose) under stress is written about, without stress - a: sledge-collapse, painting- receipt, raffle- play a trick.

165. Divide the words into three columns: 1) with prefixes, not
changing a consonant in writing; 2) with prefixes on -z (-s);
3) with vowel prefixes. Make up with the highlighted words
phrases.

Bad taste, ..burn to the ground, ruthless, shapeless, bae. .noisy, oh. .flowing, view, rebellion, pleasure, triumph, p..to exhale, o..shine, and..burn, and..podtishka, subscriber, pshipnik, fodder, etc. .incident, nor ..fall, etc. . shine, . .delitsina, preference, predecessor, through .. strip, z .. engine, instigator, lane .. myrie, ra .. create, ra .. crevice, trusted, d. .

166. Make phrases with these words and write down
sew them, denoting the stress in words with missing beech
you.

RsZvalni - r.. call; r..play - r..play; RsZysk - r..to search; r..write off - r..write off, rsWrite off, r..list; r..sprinkle - p,.sprinkle; r..skazni - r..skazni; r.. lower (on vacation) - r.. descent.


167. Write down the words with the missing letters. Explain them
spelling. Underline the composition of the underlined words and indicate
the way they are formed.

1) Tone is bored of these cleared, lined tracks. (N. O.) 2) He was delighted with me and became question of the terrible things that I have witnessed. (P.) 3) Only the one for whom repentance rushes so fast! (L.) 4) ... A terrible winter in a deaf, empty village. (Leek.) 5) Don’t be..darn that nature, the land that brings so many glorious people out of the people has not yet died, then know. (N.) 6) Ruthless autumn plucked their [trees] magnificent robes. (N.O.) 7) Yes, your calculation is correct. (Leek.)

9) The city of ra .. poured millions of lights in the dark. (BUT.)

10) The village fell silent, where they had recently listened to the singer carefully.
(L.) 11) To her in the room once, only just ra .. brought everyone
seven of them entered. (P.) 12) The lady burst out laughing. (Leek.)
13) The human flow is endless. (Leon.) 14) I started
tell a story about the sun. (Dry) 15) Glass
the colorless ocean lay flat. (A.N.T.)



168. Write down these phrases. With highlighted words
make sentences orally.

Make a settlement .. even, pay the seller, full of taste, ra. skillful worker, Artificial silk, too hot water, a shapeless pile of debris, a priceless gift, materialistic worldview, restored monument, ..save strength, Exhausting spring, walking on the mountain.

169. Write off, inserting missing letters, missing characters
punctuation, opening brackets. Define style and type
speech text, indicate their features. To the underlined word
take synonyms and then antonyms. Make a diagram first
proposal, describe it. Find words with
prefixes, the spelling of which is regulated by different rights
lamy.

Z..rya almost faded ..la and only (?) Behind a high mountain in .. day-o-o (?) A transparent (?) strip br.. casting a ro.. cue light on the tops of trees that is one .. nomi beacon milestones ..t at the very edge of the city. But it is there in the (not) reachable d..whether but on the river


ke where the sun looks .. it only(?) by noon .. the colors thickened. Shadows from pr..shore rocks lay from coast to coast, united (in) fraternal. With (thickly) blue ..mi shades they differ ..vayut (?) on the rapids with the brilliance of capercaillie ..of the wing and right under the shore where I ..stve ..o hear b. , th streams is already dark. She sleeps along the shore under the lilac and (darkly) blue ..th light. (According to V. Astafiev)

§ 28. SPELLING OF PREFACES PRE- AND AT-

Correct spelling of prefixes pre- And at- associated with understanding the difference between their meanings.

Prefix at- means: 1) accession, approximation, addition: attach, attach, come, attach, buy; 2) incomplete action: sit down, pretend, slightly open; 3) location, being near something: Amur region, Ural region, suburb, seaside.

Prefix pre-: 1) denotes the highest degree of action or quality: get fed up, exaggeration, long; 2) coincides in meaning with the prefix re-: block- block, interrupt- interrupt.

In some words, the meaning of prefixes pre- And at- is not clear enough, and such words should be remembered, for example: persecution, obstruction, stumbling(stumbling block) perverse(false, changeable) neglect, seduce; adventure, claim, device, swear.

In the following words, similar in pronunciation, the difference in spelling is associated with the difference in their meaning: despise(disrespect, consider unworthy) - despise(take care of, give shelter) betray(treacherously betray someone) - give(add), stay(to be somewhere) - arrive(come), transgress(violate) - proceed(begin), successor(one who takes office after someone continues the work of someone) - receiver(device for receiving), bow(treat with deep respect) - at


tend to(bent down, bow down) transform(implement, implement) - pretend(close).

You should remember the spelling of some words of foreign origin: presidium, president(writing e here is explained by the fact that in these words in Latin there is a prefix pre-(from lat. rgae - before); privilege(from lat. privilegium - exclusive right); priority- superiority (from lat. prior - first).

170. Write off. Orally explain the spelling of prefixes pre- And
at-(words where the meaning of these prefixes is unclear, underline).
Explain the meaning of the highlighted words.

Connect the wire adjacent to the school garden, jump up in surprise, pr..squint your eyes, achieve reconciliation, refraction of the sun's rays, pr. neglect advice from a friend, to join wrangling, look for pr..stayscha, find pr..shelter, block the road, vicissitudes of fate, unfair claims, overcome all pr..grads, the prevailing branch of the economy, give pr..swearing, pr. stumbling block seekers of pr..keys.

171. Write, replacing the underlined words with words with a prefix
mi pre- And at-. Explain (verbally) the meaning of prefixes in the
broken words,

Sample. Area near the station - railway station area; completely finish classes- stop classes.

Plot at the estate, band at the shore city near the Volga, close slightly a door, slightly open window, very strange happening, make manual wild animal, passing quickly phenomenon, barricade road, satiate something increase danger.

172. Write off. Explain the meanings of foreign words (with
difficulties, use dictionaries). Make sentences with
combinations.

Elect..attend the presidium, pr..be present at the pr..mire of the performance, visit pr..zident, enjoy pr..privileges, pr..priority in space exploration.


173. Write off. Name the synonyms of the given words. With vyde
Make up sentences orally using the given words.

Chase, whimsical, bizarre, bring to life, touch, endure, get used to, finicky person, obstacles, pr. creative, pr.. flattering, pr.. vision.

174. Write off by inserting the words given in brackets instead of dots.

1) Transistor...worked well. The young engineer turned out to be worthy ... of a well-known designer (successor, successor). 2) The brigade could immediately ... to work. Nobody wanted ... this oath (to transgress, proceed). 3) A group of climbers carried out ... an ascent to an inaccessible mountain peak. Systematic training is ... a condition for any sports success (indispensable, unparalleled). 4) This is ... a phenomenon. All ... patients were met by the doctor on duty (transient, coming).

175. Write off. Explain (orally) the spelling of words with prefixes
pre- And at-. Make a morphemic analysis of the highlighted word.

1) A. S. Popov invented the world's first radio transmitter and successor. - Maxim Gorky - the successor of the realist writers of the XIX century. 2) The tree bowed its branches to the ground itself. - Contemporaries bowed down before the remarkable talent of Shchepkin. 3) During our stay in Yalta, we liked to watch the arrival of steamers. 4) My uncle, Mr. Sipyagin, my mother's brother, has matured me. (T.) 5) I pretended to be asleep. (L. T.) 6) Tatyana believed in the pr.. tributes of the common folk antiquity. (P.) With the trusting hope of the first years, friends with a different soul pr .. gave themselves tender. (P.) - The presence of a comrade betrayed his courage. (T.S.)

176. Write out words with missing letters. Prefixes about
mean.

1) I was approaching my destination. 2) The peasant immediately began to try on his sheepskin coat. 3) Garrison life had little attraction for me. 4) “Vasilisa Egorovna is a good .. brave lady,” Shvabrin remarked importantly. 5) Palashka pr .. brought us swords. We left the commandant's, apparently reconciled. 6) I understood the emphasis-


another slander with which Shvabrin persecuted her [Masha]. 7) “Think carefully,” she added, “whether there will be obstacles from your relatives?” 8) The disdain with which he [father] mentioned Marya Ivanovna seemed to me as obscene as it was unfair. 9) I rarely met with Shvabrin and reluctantly, especially since I noticed in him an unpleasantness hidden to himself. 10) Suddenly they shouted in the crowd that the sovereign on a horse was waiting for the prisoners, etc., taking the right swear. 11) Our eyes met; in mine he [Shvabrin] could read his vision, and he turned away with an expression of sincere malice and feigned mockery. 12) May God give you a hundred years of health for the fact that I, an old man, was mature and reassured. 13) Any word reminiscent of the alleged crime of the son was painful for him [the father]. 14) Here the notes of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev stop.

(A. Pushkin)

177. Make phrases with these words and write them down.
Specify the ways of syntactic connection of the main and dependent
words.

To transform, proceed, preparation, obstacle, overcome, obstacle, adventure, wrangling, reconcile, arrival, stay, excellent.

178. Write off. Label the underlined words.

Universal recognition, great transformer, life pr ​​.. title, desire for occupations, growing r.. stenia, continuously conducting wide .. rock experimental research, overcoming obstacles, amazing perseverance, irresistible perseverance, pr .. fruits that taste good , ok..zat all possible under..rzhku, pr..to continue the work begun.

§ 29

179. Explain the spelling of consonants at the junction of the prefix and cor
nya, indicating the prefix and root in each word. As a result
Why do double consonants appear in some words?

Fearless, formless, entrusted, view, rebellion, exclaim, chill, shade, thaw, ot-


rub, give in, file, blew, plantain, dawn, flourishing, threshold, exile, abrasion.

180. From the words placed in brackets, using the indicated
prefixes to form new words. Underline the double
vowels.

Without- or devil-(strong, verbal, tasty, valuable, vicious, sleepy); WHO- or voe-(vision, becoming, holding on, accepting, creating); from- or is-(to chill, to cram, to fry, to spoil, to follow); from- or o- (drag, melt, get heavy, push); under- or on-(tease, given, give, donate); once- or race-(give, burn, write, flog, saddle, ask, melt, spend, even, count).

181. Write off. Label the underlined words.

1) It was the beginning of March, there was a thaw. (Ch.) 2) The center of the division was canceled almost to the Volga itself. (A. N. T.) 3) And soon I found dashing comrades in the forests of strangers, b..terrible, hard as damask ... (L.) 4) Old man, r.khteliv bathrobe, slept peacefully under a tree. (F.) 5) Pavel Petrovich slightly bowed his flexible frame and smiled slightly, but did not give his hand. (T.) 6) Frozen earth is not p. .given shovels and crowbars. (K.S.) 7) The son, bending his broad back, spent mother under the arms. (New-Pr.) 8) The train went deep into the forests of the North, pr.door Kola Peninsula. (Lidin) 9) Finished r..accounts, Alexandra Mikhailovna hid the money. (Ver.) 10) Gregory with r..read slowly tightened p..sprugi. (Shol.) 11) This man spoke to me for a long time about his worlds..vision.(Are.) 12) A lot of r.. gilded carriages were already standing in the meadow. (P.) 13) The war ruined him, l..sewed the former zeal for work. (Shol.) 14) Dymov without a frock coat, in r..quilted vest e .. affairs at the table. (Ch.)

§ 30. USE OF DIVIDING Ъ AND b

Dividing b it is written:


a) after prefixes in agreement
nuyu;

b) in compound words after
two, three, four


front e (e), u, i (departure, volume, pre-anniversary, hug, bunk).


Dividing b written: before e (e), i, yu, i in all other cases (in beehive, drink, sparrows, sew, trees).

Notes: 1. Letter b not written before but, about, u, uh (agitate, window sill, be able to save money), as well as in compound words (children, foreign language).

2. Letter b written in foreign words after prefixes ad-, in-, con-, ob-, sub- and after the first part of the compound word (adjutant, injection, conjuncture, object, subject, courier).

3. Letter b written in some foreign words before about (battalion, pavilion, postman, companion, medallion, broth and etc.).

182. Write off. Explain the chosen spellings.

Without-(responsible, emergency, reproachful); from-(reveal, worn, plentiful); about-(eat, show); from-(revealed, to examine); pre-(persuasion, notice, show); once-(teach, assure, rage); above-(natural); two-(tiered, storey); from-(shrink, ride, save, agitate).

183. Read. Explain (verbally) the lexical meaning of the
lazy words. Write off. Compose with each highlighted word
phrase.

Explain, lifting, courier, feuilleton, interview, from ..yat, from ..yana, under ..yachiy, d..yavol, companion, (c) bez .. will..phenomenon, 6a-rel..ef, p..edestal, premiere, pavil..on, (two) act comedy, (three) language dictionary, (three) axle car, ad..yutant, subjective, objective , (four) element th, bar..er.

184. Write off by issuing the 1st and 2nd sentences as quotes. To you
Find synonyms for the given words.

1) The task of a serious writer is to build a p..esu on figures that are artistically convincing. (M. G.) 2) An artist-writer must be objective. (Hound.) 3) The moon shines a little over the mountain; ob..yaty groves of darkness. (P.) 4) On the sides in ... the landlords ... and estates, villages disappeared. (S.-SH.) 5) Battal..he, with whom I went from fortress N, remained in the ar..ergard. (L.T.) 6) Ad..jutant stood up, putting his hands in his pockets, and began to walk around the site. (L.T.) 7) Dawn


b..dirty streak ob..emlet bright heaven. (P.) 8) A one-story pavilion bent in a semicircle of .. (M. G.) 9) The day began sunny, cloudless and hot. (Gonch.) 10) Prince Andrei was sent by courier that same night. (L.T.) 11) Raising his fists over the back of the driver, the courier frantically rushes. (N.)

§ 31. LETTERS S AND AND AFTER CONFIGURATIONS

After prefixes ending in a consonant, instead of And spelled s according to pronunciation, for example: find, artless, unprincipled, uninitiative. Letter And is preserved: 1) in words with prefixes inter- And above-, for example: interpublishing(contract), ultra-refined(taste); 2) in words with foreign prefixes, for example: counterplay, disinfection.

Note. In compound words, the initial And the second root is preserved, for example: medical institute.

185. Write down these words. Make up eight phrases with them.

Without-(famous, original, skillful, interesting, ideological, initiative); from-(search); from-(play, seek); under-(summarize); once-(search); pre-(history); (sport) inventory.

§ 32. LETTERS CEO AFTER HISTS AND C

1. In many roots of words under stress after hissing is pronounced about, but it is written her), if it's about alternating with e in related words: wives(cf.: woman), had(cf.: come), click(cf.: slot), damn(cf.: hell), whisper(cf.: whispers). Where there is no such alternation in related words, in the roots under stress it is written about: pulp, heartburn, glutton, seam, clink glasses, prim, saddler, rustle, as well as in nouns burn And arson(Verbs: burnt, set on fire).

2. Under stress after hissing is pronounced and written about:

a) in the endings of nouns, adjectives and at the end of adverbs: cloak \om\, rein [oi], Fomich \om\, large ]Wow\ u hot, common, but yet;


b) in s^fixes of nouns -ok, -onk-, -onok (knot, little hand, barrel) And -is he(where about fluent: K N5zh N L K N Y - jbn); in adjective suffixes -oe- (canvas, hedgehog) And -is he(with a cursory o: laugh).

3. In other cases, under stress after hissing
if it is pronounced about, then it is written her). These include:

a) verb endings: oven \eat\ oven \et\, oven \eat\;

b) suffixes of passive participles -enn-, -young-
(as well as the suffix -yeon- in adjectives formed from
verbs): armed, armed; baked;

c) suffixes of verbs (and nouns, formed
from these verbs): to demarcate (demarcation).

Notes: 1. In some foreign words, the letter about written after hissing and not under stress, for example: driver, jockey, chocolate, chauvinism, juggler, highway.

2. You should remember the spelling of some words with obscure morphemic composition or unproductive suffixes: gooseberry, slum, study(cf.: teaching), ratchet, lattice (cf .: sieve), liver(cf.: liver), twine(cf.: string), intestines(cf.: gut), cheap(cf.: cheaper).

4. If stressed after c pronounced oh then and pi
it's about; spelled without stress e. Letter yo after c never
not written: plinth, coat, but mirror; fathers, but
wells; Well done, but well; facing, dancer,
pepper,
but chintz; veneer, but veneer.

Note. In an unstressed syllable, o is written after c only in a word clatter(cf.: clatter) and in some foreign words, for example: palazzo(Castle), scherzo(a piece of music at a lively, fast pace).

186. Write off. Mark the stress on the missing words

I. Zh.htky sofa, artificial sh..lk, mill zh..rnov, fragile black..ln, cast-iron rep.tka, strong twine..vka, buy cheap..vka, h..porny man, ripe kryzh..vnik, heavy..ly burn..g, fire..g of the barn, burn..g hand, fight against locusts..y, go for luggage..m, go with new..y, fast download.. k, funny dog ​​..nka, funny honey-vezh .. nok, brocade .. wow tablecloth, reeds .. wow roof, burning .. coffee, night .. vka in the forest, armed attack, paved road .. se, chocolate color.


II. Quiet in..pox, talk common.., act hot..,
barrel .. nok with water, skillful j .. ngler, experienced sh .. fer,
cheap..goods, double s..in, twirl rattle..weave, printed..
apples, canvas..vy mesh..k, soft wool..stka.

III. Socle etane, ts..hoof tinkle, get piss
metz.., go with father..m, wag fingers..m, valiant
look, glossy..twisted paper, excellent dance..p,
dance .. mazurka, prance .. trot on a horse, facing .. vka walls,
line the building, bend over the wells..m, punts..vy
lips.

187. Read. Indicate the stress in words in which letters are missing e And about after hissing and c. Write off. Identify the part of the word that contains the letter e or about after hissing. Sort the underlined words according to their composition.

1) The lower logs at the mill rotted, and well .. the forehead, into which water flows ..t from the pond, tilted. (Tel.) 2) Fresh ..e and zh..sche became the wind. (G.) 3) We br..saim into the ground f..lud - an oak grows. (Tim.) 4) In the taiga, sh..l is exactly sh..roh and mysterious sh..pot. (Kor.) 5) Under the foot of Kondraty, a crunch (?) zero such..k. (A. N. T.) 6) The guard (?) Knocks on his rattle .. weaving. (F. Sh.) 7) The doctor came ..l, translated .. hall to me. (M. G.) 8) The windows in the wing were blocked by a wooden lattice, the doors were locked with locks. (P.)

9) For about a month we lived in a village. (ACT.)

10) The area..tiny on the water..storages were almost brought to
about..ktnoy height. K..nal already about faces.
plates. (Paust.) 13) The boy was without a hat, with
canvas .. howl with a bag over his shoulders ... (Boon.)

§ 33. GENERAL RULES FOR SPELLING COMPOUND WORDS

1. In compound words, letters are used as connecting vowels about And e. After stems into a hard consonant (except well, them And c) the letter o is written, for example: diesel locomotive. After the stems on a soft consonant, on And, to a hissing sound and c the letter e is written, for example: earthquake, local history, pedestrian, birder. In some cases, the soft consonant of the first stem hardens and therefore the connecting vowel o is written, for example: fabulist, hunter.


In separate words, the ending of the nominative case is preserved in the first part of a compound noun, for example: time reckoning, pastime, pastime.

2. Cardinal numbers in education
compound words are used in the genitive padé form
yes, for example: seven-year plan(seven years old) fifteen meters
out
(fifteen meters) forty-minute(forty mi
chickpeas).

An exception. Numerals hundred And ninety, being part of a compound word, they do not change their form, for example: century, ninety. The word is written with the letter o centipede.

Compound words that are formed with the help of connecting vowels o, e or the first part of which is a numeral, are written together, for example: airplane, agriculture, three-year-old.

Note. Words on -ification (electrification, gasification, classification etc.) are not complex. They are formed with the suffix -ification, so it's spelled with a letter And. Compare: compound words with a connecting vowel o: electric motor, gas generator.

3. Compound words can be formed by compound
base parts floor-(half) and noun in rodi
positive case, for example: half a house, half a morning. After floor-
a hyphen is placed before vowels, all capital letters
you, as well as before a consonant l, for example: half island,
half Moscow, half a lemon.
before other consonants
no hyphen, for example: half a century, half a city, half a century
mogo.

Words that start with semi-, are always written together, for example: semi-automatic, semi-white, half-century, peninsula.

188. Write off. Emphasize the connecting vowels o and e. Make up phrases with the underlined words.

Traveler, linguistics, octahedron, tea drinking, horse .. watering, blood .. treatment, circulatory, eleven .. meter, forty .. bucket, forty .. leg, one hundred thousandth, fiftieth anniversary, beast .. battle, fabulous


5 - V. F. Grekov

men. .tes, solar heat, oil pipeline, mechanical engineering, electric motor, electrification, gas pipeline, gasification.

189. Write off. Explain spelling.

1) (Ninety ..) summer anniversary, new (years ..) reckoning, festive (?) New (time ..) pr .. spending, unexpected (s) (mind ..) -descent, (s) (mind ..) reduced speed. 2) Absent (half) a year, mow (half) meadows, proceed (half) R. .si, about .. go (half) of Europe, fall behind by (half) a point, work out (half) shifts, get up (half) three, break at (half) eleventh, (half) a spoonful of honey, buy (half) sneakers, make (a half turn, cut off (half) a lemon, reach the (half) final.

190. Read. Determine which letters are missing in the words.
Check with a spelling dictionary. write down difficult words
underline. Make up phrases with the underlined words.

Intelligent - intelligent, intelligent, intelligentsia; b..groovy - b..gloss, turn purple; k..slave - k..slave, shipbuilding; chu..stvo - sensitive, feel; honor - honor; participate; priority; privilege - privileged; enthusiasm - enthusiast; electric - electrification, electrify, power plant.

§ 34. RULES OF WORDS TRANSFER

If the word does not fit on the line, then part of it is transferred to another line. The basic transfer rules are as follows:

1. The word is transferred by syllables: city, then-va-rishch. However, one letter cannot be left on a line or transferred to another line. For example, you can’t transfer “oh-th-rod”, “a-ri-ya”, “o-boz”, it is necessary - garden; words like aria, convoy cannot be separated by transfer.

2. With a confluence of consonants, the division into syllables is free: spring, weight-on; sister And sister; peasant And peasant.

3. Letters b, b, and cannot be separated from the preceding letters: fighters, large, entrance.

4. When transferring words with prefixes, you cannot transfer a consonant at the end of the prefix if a consonant follows


same, i.e., it is impossible to divide: “to go”, “to untie”, but it is necessary: under-ho-dit, un-knit. It is also impossible to leave at the end of the line with a prefix the initial part of the root, which does not make up a syllable: send-slat(and not "apply") remove(and not "ots-tran").

5. When transferring compound words, the initial part of the second stem should not be left at the end of the line if this part does not constitute a syllable: five-gram or five-gram(and not "five-gram").

Note. When translating words, keep the following in mind:

1) if there is a letter after the prefix to the consonant s 9 it is not allowed to transfer the part of the word starting with s, that is, it should be transferred: search or seek out(and not “un-search”);

2) do not leave at the end of the line or transfer to the beginning of the next two identical consonants between vowels: buzz-reap(and not "zhu-zhu-zhu"), weight(and not "ma-ssa"), equestrian(and not "ko-ny"); this rule does not apply to the initial double consonants of the root, for example: co-burnt, quarrel(see paragraph 4), as well as to double consonants of the second stem in compound words, for example: innovation(see paragraphs 4, 5).

From the above rules it follows that many words can be transferred in various ways (sister, sister; cool, cool; crazy, crazy); at the same time, one should prefer such transfers in which the significant parts of the word are not broken (transfer cool better than transfer cool; transfer insane better than insane).

191. Write down these words, separating them with dashes for transfer.

I. Wheel, caricature, drama, bucket, bench, passing, monkey, crystal, vestibule, juniper, expose, question, prejudice, unprincipled, pick up, programmatic, worldview, crystal, clear, aster, hotel, echo, clearing, entry, pail, calculation, count, draw, win, build on, find, correspondent, massive, cumbersome, approach, set on fire.

P. Vinaigrette, stand, immense, friend, eleven, terrace, windy, resource, windless, happened, break, volume, slippery, send, eliminate, cutter, earthquake, play, irritation, creation,


battalion, adjutant, enlightenment, counterattack, patronage, feeling, procession.

III. Early morning, artless, uninitiative, diet, sent, annotation, appeal, six-digit, vestibule, performance, set up, reader, journalistic, epigram, ensemble, sculpture, overalls, inventory, objective, plastic, cellulose, painted.

192. Write with punctuation marks. Sort by
I put the highlighted words. Find a metaphor in the text.

I entered the k..bina, they ushered me into a chair be. .noisy slammed the hatch. I was left alone .. not with devices consecrated not by daytime sunlight, but by artificial .. natural. They removed the iron trusses and there was silence. My gaze rested on the clock. The hands showed 9:00 7:00 Moscow time. I heard a whistle and everything growing I felt the hum(?) sound like a giant(?)sky k..rabl zadr..sting with his whole body and slowly, very slowly, pulled away from the starting device. The rumble was no stronger than what you hear in a jet bin. Mighty engines r..kets created the music of the future, probably even more exciting and beautiful than the great ..the most tv..renias of the past. With the Earth, I kept a (two) way (for the sake of ..) communication and heard the voices of the comrades working at the (for the sake of ..) stations as clearly as if they were nearby.

The best minds of mankind paved the hard, windy path to the stars. Flight 12 April 1961 years, the first (seven ..) miles steps on this difficult path. (According to Yu. Gagarin)

193. Read and determine which letters are missing in the word
wah. Check with a spelling dictionary. Compose with each
smoke word phrase. Write with emphasis.

Scenery, d..rizher, ..rkestr, k..media, tragedy, dr..ma, k-.nflikt, p..rter, r..pertoire, s.mfoniya, k..ntsert, festival, t ..lant, uv..rtyura, pr..ludiya, premiere.

The driver of the FSUE "Spetssvyaz" car in Vladivostok did not share the road with an ordinary participant in the movement. During the conversation, he took out a service weapon and pointed at a man who, as he claims, cut him off. But the second driver filmed everything on the phone and was not afraid to get out of the car, which embarrassed the enemy.

Razmik Tigranyan. Photo: VK

Tigranyan left the scene without waiting for the police to arrive, and therefore also does not know which side she ended up on.

I just went up to the driver of the special vehicle and talked to him normally. I said that he was wrong, that he cut me off. He, in turn, said the opposite. At that moment, an elderly employee of Spetssvyaz reported that he had called the police. I didn't wait. He got into the car and left. Tomorrow I will go to the prosecutor's office.

Road conflicts have recently become popular topics for discussion on social networks and attract the attention of journalists. In May . The woman was frightened by his maneuver in front of a pedestrian crossing. A week later, the driver, who was wanted by the users, was detained.

In April, a high-profile story happened in St. Petersburg. . As a result, he was arrested for two months, he is charged with hooliganism. Friends and the driver's girlfriend claim that the guy did not touch the child, and his anger was caused by the fact that the student ran across the road at a red light.

The most resonant case was in Priozersk in March. A security camera caught two schoolchildren playing on the sidewalk, aiming a toy gun at passing cars. Nissan Pathfinder driver. At first, the police released the driver and detained the student, but later the man was arrested and is now under investigation.

The scenario "traffic conflict" is even used for viral advertising. Master of sports in power triathlon and fitness trainer Oksana Kosheleva, known as the "rock woman",. Videos filmed by "eyewitnesses" were well distributed on social networks.

Every day, Russia is crossed up and down by 300 courier

Very soon - December 17 - the anniversary of a very interesting organization. Of course, 215 years is not quite a round date, but the hero of the occasion himself is important. The State Courier Service, along with the Ministry of Internal Affairs, as well as the FSB and other special services, is an integral part of the forces and means of ensuring the security of the Russian Federation. Today we will talk about some episodes related to the long and not very long history of this special purpose organization.

Package, seal, revolver

They collect their history, fragments of which are presented in the exposition of the Museum of the Courier Service, literally bit by bit. After all, even decades later, a significant part of the information remains closed.

- The foreign word "courier" appeared in our vocabulary with the accession of Paul I, - Sergey Yegorov, senior inspector of the Personnel Department of the State Courier Service, stops in front of a portrait of the emperor, who opens the museum exposition. — The Emperor was a great admirer of King Frederick the Great of Prussia, and by that time a cavalry courier corps had been formed in the Prussian army. He was entrusted with the protection of the king and the service as messengers. In addition, during the hostilities, the courier was engaged in reconnaissance, and in peacetime they were involved in the protection of forests. In general, they were all-rounders. Paul I decided to keep up with the European monarch. However, unlike the Prussians, the Russian courier under Paul was only engaged in delivering correspondence from the emperor and carrying out special assignments.

The expression "not to rush means to lose one's dignity" could become the motto of courier officers of all generations. It is curious that only they were allowed to have a "special signal" - a bell under an arc on the main postal route. Everyone else was instructed to tie a bell when driving onto such a track. And all vehicles were obliged to give way to the courier troika.

Special purpose guarantors

Not only human life, but also the prompt solution of state tasks sometimes depended on how soon documents of particular importance were delivered. And the tasks were very different. Most often, of course, they carried secret papers, but, in addition, courier officers were sometimes instructed to transport large consignments of money and jewelry, escort important criminals to the place of exile, bring orders to the active army to reward heroes ...

During the Olympics-80, courier service employees delivered samples of athletes to the anti-doping committee. The fate of gold medals could depend on their clear and prompt work.

“You have to remember what time it was. The Americans, who boycotted the competitions, were looking for any excuse to provoke a scandal, - recalls the events of 30 years ago, a veteran of the courier service, Alexander Burakov, who, among 17 people, worked in a special group assigned to the Olympians. We were supposed to arrive half an hour before the end of the competition. They got into the closed zones with special passes and waited while the doctors took the necessary samples from the athletes. Then the samples were placed in a special container - a bag with many pockets, which was sealed in the presence of attesting witnesses. The controls were very tight! In order not to provoke conflicts, we were not given weapons - they armed us with special equipment. It was one of the first models of Cheryomukha. Tear gas aerosols were then a decent size (like today's air freshener containers) and presented some challenges. In addition, we were supposed to have two guards. The Olympic facilities were scattered all over Moscow, and I had to pretty much travel around the city, delivering samples, moreover, in a tightly closed car, although it was hot outside. And during the Olympics, our service did not allow a single puncture, and indeed then there were no doping scandals.

Fell-wrung out

The courier service turned out to be almost the only state institution that successfully survived all the Russian cataclysms of the past century. Largely due to the professionalism of the staff. After all, increased demands have always been made on their conditions.

“Each newcomer must attend initial training courses for several weeks,” one of the former courier officers told Trud. - He is taught shooting, special wrestling techniques. Among other, by no means combat techniques, future courier are shown, for example, how to approach the desktop of a high-ranking official so that his owner does not have suspicions that the courier is trying to examine the documents lying there.

During the service, the officers of the State Fiscal Service of Russia also have to train a lot: in summer - running, swimming, in winter - cross-country skiing. And at any time of the year - regular classes at the shooting range.

When following the route, you must strictly observe safety precautions - foot traffic should be minimized. Correspondence is usually transported in capacious briefcases. An employee has the right to carry a load of no more than 30 kg - and so that he always has one hand free.

On long-distance routes in airplanes, on trains, places are specially reserved for military couriers, separate compartments. Embarkation and disembarkation are organized separately from passengers. Once in the car, he must immediately lock himself in the allotted room. And during the whole trip, even if it lasts for several days, there is almost no going anywhere. They eat dry rations. They also sleep in turns, so that the secret package is not left unattended for a second.

Save the cargo at any cost

Perhaps the most important quality for a courier is selflessness. After all, for field communications employees, correspondence that needs to be delivered to its destination is more valuable than their own lives. If some emergency happened on the route, the courier must at all costs keep the documents entrusted to him, prevent them from falling into the wrong hands. Here are stories from the relatively recent past.

On January 3, 1994, a scheduled plane crashed, on which two courier flew to Irkutsk: Anatoly Bolshedvorsky and Igor Ogarkov. Even in the last moments of their lives, these officers tried to save the packages entrusted to them. In a falling airliner, they managed to secure a briefcase with documents so that it suffered as little damage as possible during the crash.

Although, according to the instructions of the courier, they should not get involved in any conflicts on the route, on July 5, 1983, junior lieutenants Alexander Raschesov and Vladimir Zubovich, flying with special documents from Moscow to Tallinn, had to break this rule. During the flight, two armed criminals attempted to hijack the plane abroad, but field communications officers managed to neutralize the hijackers.

Our reference

The date of birth of the courier service in Russia is considered to be December 17, 1796, when Paul I signed a decree on the establishment of a special courier corps. At first, the staff consisted of one officer and 13 courier officers. However, a year later - by February 1797 - two officers and 40 courier officers were already serving in the new building.

In the 1920s and 1930s, the number of employees reached its maximum - there were more than 20 thousand of them. At this time, the "deliverers", among other things, were also engaged in collection. Now 4.5 thousand people serve in the ranks of courier officers, of which 3.2 thousand are in uniform, and the rest are civilians.

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    current control.

    The response to his application was sent in a timely manner. The editors received a lot of feedback on this work. The indifference of leaders for the fate of their subordinates causes indignation. These facts speak for the fact that there is no good owner at the plant. It is necessary to accurately determine the need for bricks and other materials. The graduate student must submit a report on the work done by him. Tyutchev could not resist the charm of Elena Denisyeva.

    Exercise 2. Place punctuation marks in sentences.

    There was a lot of trouble, and most importantly, the repair of the apartment. You are rich, I am very poor, you are a prose writer, I am a poet, you are blush like a poppy, I am like death and thin and pale Five five twenty five. All the furniture, sofas, tables and chairs were made of light wood, shining with time and smelling like icons of cypress. The car loaded with building material stopped at the gate. The maid was an orphan who had to enter the service in order to be fed. We decided to continue the assessor with your permission to stay here overnight. The weather was terrible, the wind howled wet snow fell in flakes.

    Exercise 3 Insert the missing letters ъ and ь, open the brackets. In case of difficulty, refer to the spelling dictionary.

    From..clear, under..dark, sergeant..huntsman, fel..eton, interv..yu, from..yat, under..yachiy, d..yavol, companion..he, (c) bez. .yannichat .., (s)uzit .., p..esa, will..phenomenon, (before) October..sky, barel..ef, p..edestal, pavil..on, ad..yutant, subjective, objective, bar..er, enthusiastic..sya, wide open.., midnight.., already.., ready..those, eight..ten, fussing..sya.

    Exercise 4. Analyze the options for agreeing the subject and predicate. If necessary, correct errors, edit the text.

    Most of the miners who received their salaries for the first half of the year remained unsatisfied with compensation. Ten twelve-story houses are being built in Izmailovo. Late in the evening, two trucks loaded with flour rolled up to the barn. Several books from my father's library were lost. None other than parents are primarily responsible for the upbringing of teenagers. The exhibition-view of the sketches of the monument is open every day except Monday. The village of Pogorelovka is located near the regional center.

    ^ Answers to the exercises:

    Exercise 1.

    The response to his application was sent in a timely manner. The editors received a lot of feedback on this work. The indifference of leaders to the fate of their subordinates causes indignation. These facts indicate that there is no good owner at the plant. It is necessary to accurately determine the need for bricks and other materials. The graduate student must submit a report on the work done by him. Tyutchev could not resist the charm of Elena Denisyeva.

    Exercise 2.

    There was a lot of trouble, and most importantly - the repair of the apartment. You are rich - I am very poor, you are a prose writer - I am a poet, you are ruddy, like a poppy color - I, like death, and thin and pale. Five five - twenty five. All furniture - sofas, tables and chairs - was made of light wood, shiny with time and smelled of cypress, like icons. A car loaded with building material stopped at the gate. The maid was an orphan who, in order to be fed, had to enter the service. “We decided,” the assessor continued, “with your permission, to stay here overnight.” The weather was terrible: the wind howled, wet snow fell in flakes.

    Exercise 3

    Explain, lifting, courier, feuilleton, interview, withdraw, clerk, devil, companion, coax, narrow down, play, expression of will, pre-October, bas-relief, pedestal, pavilion, adjutant, subjective, objective, barrier, get carried away, wide open, midnight, already, cook, eighty, mess around.

    Exercise 4

    Most of the miners who received their salaries for the first half of the year remained unsatisfied with compensation. Ten twelve-story houses are being built in Izmailovo. Late in the evening, two trucks loaded with flour rolled up to the barn. Several books from my father's library were lost. None other than parents are primarily responsible for the upbringing of teenagers. The exhibition-view of the sketches of the monument is open every day except Monday. The village of Pogorelovka is located near the regional center.

    Practical work number 3.

    Difficulties in spelling and syntax.

    Goals: develop the skills of finding and correcting errors in the spelling and use of words, punctuation; to consolidate the ability to correct grammatical errors (violation of the norms of coordination and control, the construction of sentences with participial and participial phrases, complex sentences with an attributive clause, explanatory).

    Literature:"Russian language and culture of speech" ed. V.I. Maksimova, M., 2004.

    "Russian language and culture of speech" ed. L.A. Vvedenskoy, Rostov-on-Don, 2003.

    "Russian language and culture of speech". I.G. Golub. M., 2002.

    "A Handbook of Spelling and Punctuation". D.E. Rosenthal. Chelyabinsk, 1996.

    Tasks.

    Option number 1.

    I (n..) b..describe Russia..to sp..ktakli of Chekhov's plays as it is not..possible. Their beauty lies in the fact that (n..) is conveyed by words and is hidden under them or in pauses or in the views of the actors in the radiation.. of their inner.. feelings.. (At the same time) they are waiting for .. dead objects on the stage .., and sounds and dec.. walkie-talkies and images created .. by the artists and the very mood of the play and the whole performance. It's all about creative intuition and artistic sensibility..

    The line of intuition .. and chu..stva suggested to me by Chekhov. To reveal the inner essence of his works, it is necessary to make a kind of excavation of his spiritual depths. Of course, this (same) requires any artistic work with a deep .., spiritual .. content. But this applies to Chekhov .. to the greatest extent, since there are other ways to him (n ..). All the theaters of Russia and many of Europe tried to convey Chekhov with the old tricks of the game. And what)? Their attempts were (n..)successful. Name at least one theater or a single performance that (would) show Chekhov on stage with the help of the usual theatrical ... But his plays were taken (n ..) by someone (something) and the best artists of the world who cannot be denied (n ..) talent (n ..) in technology (n ..) in experience. And only the Art Theater managed to transfer onto the stage some (something) of what Chekhov gave us and (moreover) at a time when the theater artists and the troupe were in the formation stage ... This happened due to the fact that we were lucky to find a new approach to Chekhov. He is special..ny. And this particularity is..our main contribution to the dramatic art..tvo.

    2. Perform a punctuation analysis of the sentence from the text in bold.

    3. Eliminate errors in agreement in the following sentences. Rewrite corrected sentences.

    In the village, many dogs greeted us with loud barking.

    Several boats lay on the shore.

    The most diverse audience rode with us.

    Two glass factories were set up near our estate.

    For the first two months the expedition worked in difficult meteorological conditions. Two pillars of fire cut through the darkness of the night.

    From the shore, through the noise of the car, rumbled and rumbled.

    A dog, a Lion and a Wolf with a Fox lived in the neighborhood somehow.

    Here and there along the road one comes across a willow or a young birch with small sticky leaves.

    4. Eliminate control errors in the following suggestions. Rewrite the corrected sentences.

    This artist is one of the recognized ideologists of the movement and played an important role in public life.

    I wanted to penetrate and learn all the secrets of this science.

    Having received his initial home education in Moscow, Radishchev's further education took place in St. Petersburg and abroad.

    Having taught the horse all the intricacies of dressage, the rider will receive a well-deserved reward.

    Everyone who loves Russian culture in other countries knows the names of great poets and writers - Pushkin, Turgenev, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy.

    Option number 2.

    1. Write down the text, insert the missing spellings and punctuation marks, open the brackets.

    It was in the summer shortly after the war and after I finished my course. I went to the Caucasus and stayed for five days in a seaside town. I must tell you that I was born in this city and grew up .. with (because) there is (n ..) nothing tricky that the city seemed to me (n ..) usually .. oh cozy warm .. and beautiful .. .

    By the way, one evening I went to the so-called Quarantine. This is (n ..) a large bald grove .. where once (then) in the forgotten plague time there really was a quarantine, now (the same) summer residents live.. ki. Come to her .. from the city about four versts along a good soft .. road .. . Eat .. you and see .. you (to) the left blue sea (to) the right .. be .. the final gloomy steppe. The grove itself is located on the seashore. Having let go of my cab..ik, I entered the familiar gate and first of all went along the alley to the (n..) large stone arbor that I loved as a child. (In) my opinion, this round heavy .. barking arbor on (n ..) clumsy columns .. nah, combining the lyricism of the old grave monument with the clumsiness of Sobakevich, was the most poetic .. corner in the whole city. She stood on the edge of the coast above the very steep, and from her the sea was perfectly visible.

    I sat down on a bench .. and leaning over the railing took a look .. del (in) down. From the gazebo, but to a steep almost sheer shore, past clay .. boulders and a r.. peinik, a path ran where it ended far (at) the bottom near the sandy shore. High waves lazily foamed and gently purred (n ..). The sea was so (same) led .. chavoe and endless .. final and (n ..) friendly as seven years before when I finished my course at the gymnasium .. I left my hometown for the capital (c) gave a dark strip of smoke it was walking the steamer and, besides this, barely a view .. mine and (n ..) a moving strip to monkeys that flickered over the water (n ..) which (n ..) enlivened the monotonous picture of the sea and sky. (On) the right .. and (on) the left .. from the gazebo there were (n ..) smooth clay shores.

    2. Perform punctuation analysis of the sentence from the text in bold.

    3. Eliminate errors in agreement in the following sentences. Rewrite the corrected sentences.

    Most of the members of the expedition have already been on difficult journeys several times.

    The crowd resembled a dark wave of the ocean.

    Overflowing from street to street, the mass of people grew rapidly.

    The moon had not yet risen, and only two stars, like two beacons of salvation, sparkled on the dark blue vault.

    There are two old pine trees in that clearing.

    Two large, dim, oil portraits hung on the wall.

    At these words, noise and talk arose; screaming bears, tigers, wolves.

    Neither the swearing noise, nor the song of the young Circassian woman can be heard there anymore.

    On his face alternately appeared not the fear, not the annoyance.

    4.Fix the control errors in the following sentences. Rewrite the corrected sentences.

    Thanks to the expected frosts, the palm trees were removed to the greenhouse.

    Exploring the work of Derzhavin, the versatility of his talent is admirable.

    Upon completion of the experiment, scientists will publish an analytical report.

    Due to proper treatment and careful care, the patient soon recovered.

    ^ Sample Practice No. 3.

    1. Write down the text, insert the missing spellings and punctuation marks, open the brackets.

    Without thinking twice, I looked out for a place in the shade, dragged there a new mat, the sight of which, it seems, gave me the first idea to sleep here, and stretched out on it with great pleasure. It was very pleasant to close my eyes, weary from the sunlight. However, I had to half open them in order to unfasten my boots, loosen the belt and put something under my head. I saw the natives form a semi-circle at some distance from me, probably wondering and guessing what would happen next.

    One of the figures I saw before I closed my eyes again was the same native who had almost hurt me. He stood nearby and looked at my shoes.

    I remembered everything that had happened and thought that it could all end very seriously, the thought flashed through my mind that maybe this was just the beginning. and the end is yet to come. Woke up feeling very refreshed. Judging by the position of the sun, it must have been at least three o'clock. So I slept for over two hours. Opening my eyes, I saw several natives sitting around a mat about two paces from me, they were talking in an undertone.

    3. Eliminate errors in agreement in the following sentences. Rewrite the corrected sentences.

    Most people wanted to do something.

    A number of circumstances prevented the implementation of the project.

    Students actively participate in the struggle for peace.

    Three enemy horses immediately fell into prey to the winner.

    Two dark figures stepped out of the darkness of the night.

    Two large, white, shaggy dogs, barking viciously, rushed at me.

    We sit and chat; evening and white night near the White Sea.

    An excavator with a long boom and a dredger were digging a pit.

    The lamp and writing set on the table were slightly covered with dust.

    4. Correct the management errors in the following sentences. Rewrite the corrected sentences.

    When they saw me off, they were disappointed.

    After reading this story, I imagined the characters as alive.

    When my little sister left the house, she told me to go to bed.

    Due to the repair of the railway track, the train arrived late.

    Thanks to the courage and self-control of the driver, the accident was prevented.