Survey map of federal protected areas of Russia. Overview map of federal protected areas of Russia Contour map of specially protected natural areas

A nature reserve is a natural area that is under state protection. In such territories, any human activity is prohibited, fishing is also punishable. The main task of the reserves is to preserve untouched areas of nature in their original form. The work of a person is to constantly monitor natural processes and conduct research activities. Most of the protected lands are closed to tourists. There are 112 nature reserves in Russia, most of which are concentrated in the European part of the country. This article provides a rating of the 10 most popular protected and environmental places in Russia.

1. Altai Reserve

Altai Reserve/Wikipedia

The territory of the reserve is located in the north-eastern part of Altai. The total area is 8812.4 km². The reserve was founded in 1932. The main activity is aimed at preserving Lake Teletskoye in its original form.

High mountains do not let air masses deep into the region, so the climate is harsh. The relief is diverse: plateaus are replaced by mountain ranges. Rivers originate on the tops of the plateau. A significant object is Lake Teletskoye, located at the junction with the Western Sayan. It is surrounded by mountains. 70 rivers flow into the lake, the water in it is very clean.

Altai Reserve on the map/Wikipedia

Baikal Nature Reserve on the map/Wikipedia

The reserve has a large number of ermine, sable and column. In summer, deer and elk come here. Boars can only be seen in the southern part. Deer gather in large herds. The white hare lives in the forest-tundra zone. The world of avifauna is represented by thrush, wagtail, hazel grouse, partridge, owl and owl. There are several excursions offering to follow the world of animals and.

3. Great Arctic Reserve

Great Arctic Reserve/Wikipedia

The reserve is located in the Taimyrsky Dolgano-Nenets region. The area is 41,692 km². It was created in 1993. The main goal of the employees is to protect the flora and fauna in the north of the country.

The reserve is located beyond the Arctic Circle, it is washed by two - Laptev and Kara. Cold winter lasts 9 months. Snow covers the ground in September. Distributed throughout the territory.

The Great Arctic Reserve on the map of Russia/Wikipedia

The structure of the protected area includes 7 sites at once. The northern regions belong to, and the rest belong to the arctic tundra. The reserve covers a huge amount of land, thanks to which its landscapes are so diverse.

Lichens and mosses tolerate the harsh climate best of all. In addition to them, rare species of mushrooms grow in summer. Of the higher plants, most of all are cabbage and cereals. Annuals are practically absent. The species number of animals is not rich. Most of all there are birds. Half of them nest on the coasts.

The most famous representative is the polar bear. It is found throughout the coastal zone. Narwhals, seals, walruses, seals and white whales live in coastal waters. Reindeer, hares, live on the mainland. Tourists can choose from 5 different excursions, including bird watching, photo hunting and hiking.

4. Vasyugan swamps

Vasyugan swamps/Wikipedia

The natural phenomenon is located on the territory of Western Siberia. The approximate area is 53,000 km². UNESCO in 2007 included the zone in the list of Russian heritage sites. The bogging process continues to this day, with time the zone increases.

The surface of the swamps absorbs carbon dioxide, acting as a natural filter. Over the millennia of existence, the swamps have practically not changed their appearance. The lands are rich in peat reserves. The width of the swamp can reach 200 m. At times, the swamps are connected to each other.

Vasyugan swamps on the map of Russia/Wikipedia

Some plants require protection. The amount of cloudberries, cranberries and lingonberries is reduced. Hunting in swamps is a dangerous occupation, so the animal world is practically untouched by man. Large mammals include bear, lynx, elk. Black grouse and hazel grouse nest along the river valleys.

Officially, the Vasyugan swamps are not a nature reserve. However, in 2006, the Vasyugansky reserve was created on this territory. The question of establishing a state reserve arose many years ago. Marshes are difficult to access and dangerous in the warm season. However, there are several tourist routes that are popular.

5. Far Eastern Marine Reserve

Far Eastern Marine Reserve/Wikipedia

The territory is located in the western part of the Sea of ​​Japan. The area is 643.2 km². The reserve was established in 1978. The main work of employees is the protection of coastal flora and fauna. The monsoon climate spreads to the water area, cyclones and fogs often occur in warm weather. Winter is warm. A fragile ice crust covers the coast in December.

Far Eastern Marine Reserve on the map of Russia/Wikipedia

Located in the temperate region, the reserve is covered with deciduous forests. The main species are considered to be larch, whole-leaved fir and dense-flowered pine. In addition to them, oak, ash, lilac, cherry and yew grow in the forests. The slopes of the hills are covered with cereals and representatives of herbs. Common animals are considered, and. Spotted seal lives along the banks. During the existence of the reserve, the number of this marine mammal has increased several times. There are several excursion routes in the water areas. Diving will help you get acquainted with the unique ichthyofauna.

6. Caucasian Reserve

Caucasian Nature Reserve/Wikipedia

The territory is located in the south of the Krasnodar Territory. The area is 2803 km². May 12, 1924 is considered to be the founding date. The reserve is one of the largest in the European part of Russia. The main goal of scientific activity is the study of the natural complex.

The reserve includes two zones: the mountainous region and the Khosta yew-boxwood grove. The territories are represented by mountain and high mountain ecosystems. The Caucasian Reserve is located on the border of the temperate and subtropical zones. Most of the land is occupied by evergreen forests. Numerous lakes and glaciers are of great importance.

Caucasian Reserve on the map of Russia/Wikipedia

Alpine meadows spread out at an altitude of 2500 m, a zone of crooked forests goes a little lower. Maple, birch and mountain ash grow at a level of 1900 m, fir dominates even lower. There is a lot of plant life, only 900 species. Of these, 55 are listed in the Red Book.

The animal world is also diverse. Wild boar, lynx, mountain bison and Caucasian chamois are considered the smallest species. In addition to them, bear, wolf, marten, lynx live here from the order of mammals. There are 248 species of birds in the reserve, the largest of which are the golden eagle, earl and vulture. A record number of and is recorded here. Tourists are offered to visit the "Devil's Gate" canyon, a rope park, a yew-boxwood grove and an aviary complex.

7. Kronotsky Nature Reserve

Kronotsky Nature Reserve/Wikipedia

The territory of the reserve is located in the east of Kamchatka. The total area is 11,421 km². Conservation activities were started in 1934 with the aim of preserving the Kamchatka sable population.

The landscape is dominated by forest-tundra. The relief is mountainous, on the northern and southern coasts there are bays and peninsulas. In the central part the coast is gentle. The territory lies in the center of the Eastern Volcanic Belt. There are 12 here: Uzon, Kronotsky, Central Semyachik, Kikhlinych and others. The Tyushevsky glacier stretches for 8 km.

Kronotsky Nature Reserve on the map of Russia/Wikipedia

Areas near the coasts are occupied by tundra, most of them are covered with forests. A well-known attraction is the Valley of Geysers. It is impossible to take your eyes off the boiling springs gushing out with steam-water mixtures. In 2007, a landslide came down, which swallowed up 7 geysers. To date, the valley has acquired new forms of landscape.

Another natural monument is Kronotskoye Lake. Its area is 246 km². The freshwater reservoir has a maximum depth of 150 m. Ten rivers flow into it, and one flows out. A population of sockeye salmon and char has formed in the lake. Bird colonies settled along the banks. Swans are considered an ornament of Kronotsky.

Under the protection of the reserve is the brown bear population. Since the middle of the last century, squirrels and lynx have settled on the lands. Elk is another local inhabitant. In addition to them, there is a bighorn sheep, marmot, wolverine and otter. As part of educational tourism, you can visit the geysers of the caldera of the Uzon volcano and Kuril Lake, the home of brown bears.

8. Kuznetsk Alatau

Reserve Kuznetsk Alatau/Wikipedia

The territory is located in the Kemerovo region, the area is 4129 km². The reserve was established in 1989. Central Siberia is an important supplier of timber, coal, metal and minerals. Over time, the question of maintaining clean water has become ripe. Alatau helps to protect the sources of rivers, forests and unique representatives of flora and fauna. includes sable, wolf and bear. Five species of ungulates live in Kuznetsk Alatau: Altai deer, elk, reindeer, Siberian roe deer and musk deer. 346 species of birds and 14 species of fish have been recorded in the area. Tourist routes exist in the suburbs of Mezhdurechensk. The Ecological Center is located there, including a museum and enclosures with ungulates.

9. Sayano-Shushensky Reserve

Sayano-Shushensky Nature Reserve/Wikipedia

The nature protection area is located in the south of the Krasnodar Territory, in the Western Sayan region. The total area is 3904 km². The reserve was founded in 1976 as a compensatory measure during the construction of a hydroelectric power station. The hydroelectric power plant negatively affected the ecosystem of the region, not all animals were able to adapt to new conditions. To date, most representatives of flora and fauna are listed in the Red Book.

Sayano-Shushensky Nature Reserve on the map of Russia/Wikipedia

The forest consists of cedar, fir and larch. The reserve is irbis, reindeer, mountain goats, manuls, bears. There are many types of birds and fish. The border zone is open to tourists. Visitors have a view of meadows, lakes, waterfalls and rocks.

10. Pillars

Reserve Stolby/Wikipedia

The reserve is located in the southwest of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The area exceeds 471.5 km². It was founded in 1925 with the aim of preventing mass . Tourists are allowed to visit the pillars.

Reserve Stolby on the map of Russia/Wikipedia

Since its foundation, the area has been constantly growing. Travelers are attracted by rocks, which are scientifically called syenite remnants. Rock formations have an unusual shape, hence their bizarre names: Grandfather, Tusk, Twins, Feathers. The reserve is a favorite place for climbers and climbers. Stolby has a dense river network, represented by the tributaries of the Yenisei.

Most of the territories are coniferous taiga, pine is most common. Mammals include maral, musk deer, wolf, wolverine, and bear. The ichthyofauna is represented by twenty species of fish, 200 species of birds nest in Stolby. Tourist areas can be reached by bus leaving Krasnoyarsk.

At the end of 2011, NP Transparent World carried out preparations for printing maps of protected areas of federal significance in Russia. Purpose of the cards- provide up-to-date information on the system of specially protected natural territories of federal significance of the Russian Federation, show their boundaries and give brief basic information on each protected area.

The following categories of protected areas of federal significance are presented on the maps (the number of objects is indicated in brackets):

• State natural reserves (102);
• National parks (43);
• State nature reserves of federal significance (71);
• Territories with a special status (State complex "Zavidovo")

On maps of protected areas of federal significance, in addition to protected areas, the following are indicated:

• location of departments (directors) of state natural reserves and national parks;
• settlements (administrative centers (capitals) of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation; centers of administrative districts on the territory of which protected areas of federal significance are located; individual settlements significant for the country, region or functioning of a particular protected area);
• borders of constituent entities and federal districts of the Russian Federation, borders of neighboring states;
• hydro network, relief, main railways, major federal highways

In addition, a table is presented with basic information about each protected area (name, category, year of establishment, belonging of the territory to the UNESCO program "Man and the Biosphere"; belonging to the list of UNESCO World Natural and Cultural Heritage sites; belonging to the Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance ; the number of sites and the subject of the federation in whose territory the protected area is located).

Maps of protected areas of federal significance are prepared for printing in three versions:

• to scale for printing on a sheet measuring 152 x 108 cm;
• to scale for printing on a sheet measuring 120 x 86 cm;
• to scale for printing on A3 sheet.

Map projection: Albers equal area conic projection, on WGS-84 ellipsoid

Cartographic basis:

Boundaries of protected areas:

• Cartographic database on the federal protected areas of Russia, 2004-2011 (World Resources Institute, International Social and Ecological Union, Wildlife Conservation Center, Transparent World), created within the framework of the project
• (NP "Transparent World", Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia, Federal State Budgetary Institution "State Reserve "Kerzhensky").

Settlements, hydro network, roads, borders of neighboring states: ArcWorld, ESRI Data & Maps, 2002; VMap0, 2000;

Relief: GTOPO30 (the U.S. Geological Survey's EROS Data Center).

Difference from existing maps of protected areas (novelty of the map)

• The maps show all currently existing nature reserves, national parks and federal sanctuaries in Russia, as well as the Zavidovo State Complex and the planned creation in 2012 of the Beringia National Park. The creation of new and changes in the boundaries of existing protected areas have been taken into account.
• The location of departments (directors) of state natural reserves and national parks is indicated.
• Borders and centers of subjects of the Russian Federation are displayed.
• The boundaries of federal protected areas are drawn in accordance with the legislative and regulatory acts of the Government of the Russian Federation, as well as official regulatory documents of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation, land and forest management materials, land surveying materials. In the presence of contradictions in terms of the description of the boundaries, the materials of surveying the boundaries of the protected areas had the highest priority; other materials for land and forest management; regulations (passports) with descriptions of the boundaries of specific protected areas, approved in the prescribed manner.

Recently, a map of Moscow was published, an Integrated Automated Information System for Supporting the Urban Development of the City of Moscow. A map where most of the protected area PIP Moskvoretsky is missing. Vigilant environmentalists have also checked other iconic Moscow Specially Protected Natural Territories on these maps. Let's see how parts of protected areas and green areas of most metropolitan parks and areas with protected status have mysteriously disappeared from the map. Still not sure what it is? Card problems? Our ignorance? Real, new frontiers? The answer, I hope, will be known very soon. http://ogd.mka.mos.ru/wps/portal/iaisogd/root/map Here is what the famous photographer Yulia Gracheva writes:

"I read your post about the disappearance of Moskovrechsky Park, went to compare the map of urban planning policy with the map of the protected areas of the DPiOOS and found that the Bitsevsky Forest is no longer a protected area and not even a green area! We left only a few tens of m2 near the spring and that's it! Now 33-FZ is in this territory I'm comparing the maps of Moscow's urban policy - according to the new Rules, and the maps of the DPiEP, and the maps on the "our city" portal, and the idle Yandex map. - truncated All attached maps with titles, grouped by disappeared/cut parks.

1) Dubki Park is no longer a natural landscaped area, according to this map. But the cutting lines of the park are visible.

2) SPNA PIP Moskvoretsky was

3) PA PIP Moskvoretsky became

5) And of course, VDNKh is now not a protected area and not even a green area! Map from the website of the Moscow City Hall

7)

8) Park of Heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812

9) As for simply landscaped areas - small parks among houses - they were also cut. They cut down the park. Heroes of the War of 1812 - SEAD, Maryino district, intersection of st. Upper fields and st. Lublin. On the map of the integrated automated information system of the urban planning policy of Moscow, a piece is cut out of it as from a green area, the closest to the street. Lublinskaya, on which there is a chic flower bed, which is planted with flowers several times a season. The main thing is that there are a lot of green spaces there, trees are constantly planted according to the project at the state expense. Photo attached for comparison.

10) Timiryazevsky park from satellite

11) Timiryazevsky Park on the map of the Moscow City Hall

12) Nagatinskaya floodplain is now just a partially planted area, but exactly around the clearing

13) Kolomenskoye - also almost everything, except for a steep ravine, just a "landscaped area", like an ordinary city square, which means you can mow and row the foliage!

14) Well, and the main discovery - Bitsa, it turns out, is no longer a protected area, and not even a landscaped area, my dear readers.

15) "Bitsa, Timiryazevka and Dubki were even thrown out of the green areas! I compare it with the map of the protected areas of the DPiOOS, where the protected areas operating until today are circled in green"