Very complex plans for social studies exam. How to write a social studies plan

1. Detailed answer on the topic"Political Power as a social phenomenon

1.Power as a key point of politics.

2. The connection of power with influence, strength, wealth, authority, etc.

3.Characteristics of political power:

a) legality (legality);

b) legitimacy.

4. Ooze of legitimacy:

a) traditional,

b) rational (legal);

c) charismatic.

5. Power resources:

a) utilitarian;

b) forced;

c) regulatory;

d) informational, etc.

6. Functions of political power.

7. Efficiency of political power

2. Detailed answer on the topic: “Electoral system.”

1. The concept of the electoral system.

2. Structure of the electoral system:

a) suffrage;

b) the electoral process.

3. Suffrage and its characteristics:

a) principles of suffrage (universal direct suffrage by secret ballot);

b) the political right to elect and be elected to bodies of state power and local self-government;

c) sources of suffrage.

4. Electoral process and its stages:

a) preparatory (setting the date of elections, registration and registration of voters);

b) nomination and registration of candidates;

c) pre-election campaigning and election financing;

5. Types of electoral systems:

a) majority;

b) proportional;

c) mixed.

3. detailed answer on the topic “Types of electoral systems".

1. The concept of the electoral system.

2. Components of the electoral system:

a) suffrage

b) electoral process

3. Features of the typology of electoral systems:

a) an elected authority;

b) principles of formation of a representative government body;

c) the procedure for distributing mandates based on voting results;

3. Majoritarian electoral system and its features:

a) nominating a specific person as a candidate

b) establishing direct responsibility to voters

c) those who receive a small minority of votes may not be represented in parliament

4. Proportional system and its features:

a) voting for party lists of candidates;

b) guarantee of representation in parliament of small and medium-sized parties;

5. Majority-proportional system (mixed) and its features.

a) the formation of a truly representative parliament

b) parties do not fully reflect the interests of voters.

4. detailed answer on the topic “Suffrage in RF: legal foundations".

1. Suffrage of citizens of the Russian Federation:

a) the right to vote (active);

b) the right to be elected (passive).

2. Sources of electoral law in the Russian Federation:

a) Constitution of the Russian Federation;

b) federal constitutional laws;

c) federal laws;

d) regulatory legal acts of constituent entities of the Russian Federation on elections.

3. Constitutional principles of electoral law:

a) universality of suffrage;

b) equal suffrage;

c) direct suffrage;

e) voluntary participation in elections.

4. The procedure for electing the President of the Russian Federation.

5. Legislative regulation of elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation.

6. Elections to local government bodies.

5. Detailed answer on the topic “Political organizations.”

1. Political parties:

a) definition and characteristics; b) typology of political parties;

c) functions of political parties.

2. Socio-political movements:

a) definition and characteristics;

b) functions of socio-political movements.

3. Legislation of the Russian Federation on political organizations.

4. Trends in the development of political organizations in modern society.

6. You have been instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic “Institute presidency in the Russian Federation"..

1. The President of the Russian Federation as the guarantor of the Constitution.

2. Constitutional and legal status of the President of the Russian Federation:

a) legal norms defining the procedure for elections and assumption of office of the President of the Russian Federation;

b) legal norms establishing the competence of the President of the Russian Federation;

c) legal norms governing the procedure for terminating the powers of the President of the Russian Federation;

3. Main functions of the President of the Russian Federation:

a) is the guarantor of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the rights and freedoms of man and citizen;

b) takes measures to protect the sovereignty of the Russian Federation, its independence and state integrity;

c) ensures the coordinated functioning and interaction of government bodies;

d) determines the main directions of the state’s domestic and foreign policy;

e) represents the Russian Federation within the country and in international relations, etc.

4. Requirements imposed by law on candidates for the post of the Russian Federation:

a) citizenship of the Russian Federation;

b) permanent residence in the Russian Federation for at least 10 years;

c) age limit - at least 35 years.

5. The procedure for the election and activities of the President of the Russian Federation:

a) nomination and collection of voter signatures;

b) the candidate who received more than half the votes of voters who took part in the voting is recognized as elected;

c) the powers of the President of the Russian Federation end with the expiration of the term (6 years) for which he was elected, at the moment the newly elected President of the Russian Federation takes the oath of office;

d) the same person cannot hold a given position for more than two consecutive terms, etc.

6. The institution of the presidency and trends in strengthening the constitutional system in the Russian Federation.

7. Detailed answer on the topic “Rule of Law”.

1. The concept of the rule of law.

2. Human rights as the main value of a rule of law state:

a) the right to life;

b) equality before the law and court;

c) the right to dignity;

d) the right to housing;

e) the right to national self-determination, etc.

3. Signs of a rule of law state:

a) the fundamental feature is the rule of law in society;

b) submission to the law of all participants in social relations (including the state);

c) humanity and fairness of laws, recognition of individual rights and freedoms

r) mandatory implementation of the principle of separation of powers in public policy, division of legislative, executive and judicial powers);

e) high legal culture.

4. Formation of the rule of law in Russia

8. Detailed answer on the topic “The Constitution of the Russian Federation on form of the state." Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic.

One of the options for covering this topic

1. The Russian Federation as a democratic state,

a) the people are the source of power:

b) ideological and political diversity in the Russian Federation;

c) guarantees of the rights and freedoms of citizens.

2. The Russian Federation as a state with a republican form of government.

3. The Russian Federation as a federal state. Principles of federalism:

a) equality of subjects of the Russian Federation;

b) self-determination of peoples;

c) state integrity;

d) unity of the system of state power;

e) division of powers between federal bodies and bodies of constituent entities.

4. The Russian Federation is a rule of law state. Separation of powers.

9. detailed answer on the topic “The role of political elites in the life of society."

1) Who is called the political elite:

a) the concept of the political elite;

b) the composition of the political elite.

2) Factors in the formation of the political elite.

3) Functions of the political elite:

a) determination of strategic goals for the development of society;

b) development of state policy;

c) maintaining the political stability of society;

d) analysis of the interests of various social groups, etc.

4) Types of political elites:

a) national, regional, local;

b) ruling and non-ruling (counter-elite).

5) Groups of political influence.

10. detailed answer on the topic “How Is power organized in a democratic state?

1. Separation of powers as an attribute of a democratic society:

a) legislative power;

b) executive power;

c) judicial power.

2. Characteristics of representative bodies of government:

a) structure;

b) formation of parliament;

c) main functions, etc.

3. Executive authorities:

a) the structure of the executive power;

b) the main functions of executive authorities;

c) government in the system of executive authorities, the procedure for its formation.

4. The role of the judiciary in a democratic state.

5. The system of law enforcement agencies of the state.

11. detailed answer on the topic “National policy

1. What is “national policy” and what is its role in the life of society?

2. Goals and direction of inhumane national policy in totalitarian states:

a) defending “ethnic purity”;

b) incitement to racial hatred;

c) violence in the interests of the dominance of one’s state.

a) legislative reinforcement of respectful attitude towards people of any nationality;

b) creation of the most favorable conditions for the free development of all peoples;

c) coordination of national interests;

d) prevention and humane resolution of interethnic conflicts.

4. Basic principles of the state national policy of modern Russia:

a) equality of rights and freedoms of man and citizen;

b) prohibition of any forms of discrimination;

c) preservation of the historical integrity of the country, equality of all subjects of the Russian Federation;

d) promoting the development of national cultures and languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation;

e) timely and peaceful resolution of national contradictions and conflicts;

f) prohibition of activities aimed at inciting any discord, hatred or enmity;

g) protection of the rights and interests of Russian citizens outside its borders (support for compatriots living

in foreign countries).

5. The threat of nationalism and ways to overcome it.

12. Detailed answer on the topic: “Activities people and its diversity."

1. The concept of activity.

2. Structure of activity:

a) subject;

b) object

d) ways to achieve the goal;

e) results.

3. Motivation of activity.

4. Types of activities:

a) practical and spiritual; b) work, learning (cognition), play;

c) creative and non-creative activities;

d) creative and destructive activities.

13. Detailed answer on the topic “Family economy".

1. Sources of family income:

a) wages;

b) profit

d) bank interest on deposit;

e) dividends;

f) income from the sale of products produced on a subsidiary farm, etc.

2. Types of families depending on income:

a) families with a fixed income; b) families with variable incomes.

3. Nominal and real family income.

4. Structure of family expenses:

a) rent and utility bills;

b) food; c) transportation costs;

d) large purchases (purchase of household appliances, clothing, etc.).

5. Differences in family wealth and their smoothing by the state.

6. The impact of inflation on family incomes.

14. Detailed answer on the topic"Activity and thinking"

1. Activity as a way of life for a person and society.

2. Structure of activity:

a) subject;

b) object;

d) motives;

e) actions;

e) result.

3. Types of activities

a) labor; b) cognitive; c) aesthetic, etc.

4. Thinking as a process of cognitive activity.

5. Thinking is the basis of rational knowledge.

6. Types of thinking:

a) verbal-logical; b) visually figurative; c) visually effective.

15. Detailed answer on the topic “Social mobility"..

1) The concept of social mobility.

2) Factors influencing social mobility.

3) Types of social mobility:

a) vertical, horizontal;

b) group, individual.

4) Social elevators:

a) business;

d) church, etc.

16. Detailed answer on the topic “Society”

1. The concept of society as a set of historical forms of joint activity of people.

2. Spheres of public life as elements of the structure of society:

a) economic sphere;

b) political sphere;

c) social sphere;

d) spiritual sphere.

3. Social (public) institutions in the structure of society and its individual spheres:

a) family; b) school; c) state, etc.

17. Detailed answer on the topic “Unemployment”.

1. The essence of unemployment.

2. Structure of unemployment:

a) persons dismissed for various reasons;"

b) persons who voluntarily left work;

c) persons entering the labor market for the first time;

d) persons who entered the labor market after a break.

3. Types of unemployment:

a) frictional, cyclic, structural;

b) open, hidden;

c) complete, partial.

4.Scale of unemployment

5.Methods of combating unemployment

18. Detailed answer on the topic “Spiritual values as component of the spiritual culture of society

1. The concept of spiritual culture of society.

2. Creation of spiritual values:

a) scientific activity;

b) literature and art;

c) religious teachings;

d) folk wisdom in epic and folklore, etc.

3. Preservation and dissemination of spiritual values:

a) the role of museums in the preservation and dissemination of spiritual

values;

b) the role of libraries;

c) the role of archives;

d) the role of the school;

e) the role of the media.

4. The role of spiritual values in the development of society.

19. detailed answer on the topic “Cognition is a process of spiritual development by man of the material world."

1) The concept of knowledge. Cognition is the process of human comprehension of objects and phenomena of the material world.

2) Goals of knowledge:

a) comprehension of the truth;

b) practical use.

3) Structure of the cognition process:

a) sensory cognition (sensation, perception, representation);

b) logical cognition (concept, judgment, inference).

4) Interaction between the cognizing subject and the cognizable object in the process of cognition.

5) Knowledge as a result of cognition.

A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan is possible. They can be presented in nominal, question or mixed form.

20. detailed answer to the topic “Are we knowable? world?".

1. Historical aspect of the need to understand the world:

a) mythological explanation of existence;

b) religious explanation of existence;

c) scientific explanation of existence.

2. Different views on the knowability of the world:

a) epistemological optimism;

b) skepticism;

c) agnosticism.

3. Levels (stages) of knowledge:

a) sensual;

b) rational.

4. Dispute about the criteria of truth:

a) the positions of empiricists;

b) the position of rationalists.

5. Features of sensory cognition:

a) direct interaction with the object of knowledge;

b) visibility and objectivity;

c) reproduction of individual aspects and properties of objects.

6. Features of rational knowledge:

a) reliance on the results of sensory knowledge;

b) abstractness and generality;

c) reflection of the essence of the subject, its internal natural connections.

21. detailed answer on the topic “Family as a social institute

1) The concept of family.

2) Family functions:

a) reproductive; b) economic; c) socialization, etc.

3) Rights and responsibilities of family members.

4) Types of families:

a) patriarchal, democratic; b) a lot of knee-deep, nuclear.

5) Family resources: a) economic; b) informational, etc.

1. The concept of the law of supply.

2. Factors influencing supply:

a) prices for resources

b) changes in production technology

c) taxes and subsidies

3. Supply curve

4.The elasticity of supply is affected by:

a) elasticity coefficient

b) percentage change in the product offered

c) percentage change in price

5. Knowledge of the laws of economics is the basis for successful business

23. detailed answer on the topic “Gross domestic product".

1. Definition of the concept of GDP - a macroeconomic indicator that reflects the market value of all final goods and services.

2. Methods for calculating GDP.

a) Calculation based on income. b) Calculation of expenses.

3. GDP expression.

a) Nominal GDP. b) Real GDP.

c) National currency, currency ratio, currency exchange.

4. GDP and GNP.

a) GNP as the main indicator of the state of the economy (until 1991).

b) The value of the GDP indicator for the country.

5. Calculation of GDP per capita.

24. Detailed answer on the topic “Money and problems de gentle treatment."

1. Theory of money.

A) The emergence of the form of value and the emergence of money.

B) The essence of money.

C) Price as a monetary expression of value.

2. Money circulation.

A) The concept of money circulation. B) The law of money circulation.

C) The monetary system and its elements. D) International monetary system

D) Monetary circulation of the Russian Federation.

3. Problems of money circulation in Russia.

4. Problems of monetary circulation in the world

25. detailed answer on the topic “Needs and interests person in the structure of activity.”

One of the options for a plan for covering this topic:

1. The concept of human needs.

2. Classification of human needs:

A) human biological needs; B) social needs;

B) ideal needs.

3. Structure of human activity:

A) needs and motives;

B) funds;

D) result.

4. A person’s interests as the motive of his activity.

26. Detailed answer on the topic “Property as a legal and economic category."

1. The concept of property rights:

a) right of ownership;

b) right of use;

c) the right to dispose.

3. Types of property relations:

a) private;

b) public.

4. Types of property:

a) state;

b) municipal;

c) private.

5. Grounds for acquiring property:

a) initial;

b) derivatives.

6. Grounds for termination of ownership rights.

7. Property as a criterion for the formation of the type of economic system.

27. A detailed answer on the topic “Social demographic problems of our time."

1. Socio-demographic problems as part of the global problems of humanity.

2. The essence of the demographic explosion and its connection with other global problems.

3. Causes of the demographic crisis in economically developed countries:

a) population aging due to high quality of life;

b) low birth rate due to women’s employment in economics, politics, and public life.

4. Manifestations and consequences of the “demographic explosion”:

a) widespread hunger, disease, illiteracy, lack of proper housing;

b) unemployment;

c) mass migrations;

d) Problems of assimilation of newcomers.

5. Ways to overcome socio-demographic problems:

a) solving the problem of population regulation;

b) implementation of a well-thought-out demographic policy;

c) international cooperation in solving socio-demographic problems.

28. Detailed plan on the topic “Man as a spiritual creature". Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic.

1. The concept of the spiritual world of man and its elements:

1.1. knowledge,

b) feelings;

c) aspirations.

2. Morals, values, ideals of a person:

a) the golden rule of morality;

c) conscience, patriotism, citizenship.

3. Worldview and its role in human life:

a) types of worldview;

b) worldview as a guideline and goals of human activity.

29. A detailed answer on the topic “Moral standards in system of social control."

1. Social norms and sanctions as elements of social control.

2. Types of social norms:

a) moral; b) legal;

c) religious; d) etiquette, etc.

3. Features of moral standards:

a) oriented towards values and behavior patterns;

b) manifest themselves in customs and traditions;

c) are regulated by public opinion and human conscience;

d) are historical in nature.

4. Moral structure:

b) principles;

5. Morals and ethics.

6. The relationship between morality and other social norms.

30. You have been instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic “The Russian system rights".

1. The concept of the legal system.

2. Basic elements of the legal system:

a) rule of law;

b) institute of law;

c) branch of law.

3. Main branches of Russian law:

b) civil law;

c) labor law;

d) criminal law;

e) criminal procedural law, etc.

4. Substantive and procedural law (subparagraphs may be given).

5. Public law:

a) constitutional (state) law;

b) criminal law;

c) administrative law, etc.

6. Private law:

a) civil law;

b) business law, etc.

7. The Constitution of the Russian Federation in the system of Russian law.

8. Reflection of the features of social development in the legal system.

31. detailed answer to the topic “Religion in modern times” world."

1. Religion as one of the forms of culture.

2. Functions of religion:

a) regulatory;

b) ideological;

c) compensatory;

d) educational;

e) integration;

f) cultural, etc.

3. Diversity of religions in the modern world:

a) archaic religions;

b) national religions;

c) world religions.

4. Features of world religions.

5. The principle of freedom of conscience.

6. Changing attitudes towards religion in modern society.

Line UMK G. A. Bordovsky. Social Studies (10-11)

Line UMK G. A. Bordovsky. Social Studies (6-9)

Social science

Preparing for the Unified State Exam in Social Studies: how to make a complex plan

In 2018, the criteria for assessing the Unified State Exam in social studies changed. Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Methods of Teaching History and Social Sciences of the Russian State Pedagogical University named after. A. I. Herzen (St. Petersburg) Olga Soboleva, as part of a series of webinars, spoke about innovations in task No. 28 and shared useful tips with teachers on how to successfully prepare for the exam.

Criteria for evaluation

At first glance, nothing has changed - this year students will see the same wording of task No. 28 as before. However, the evaluation criteria have changed - they have become more specific and stricter. The maximum number of points is now 4 (previously it was 3), and instead of deducting points for errors, points will be awarded for the absence of errors. The criteria have changed as follows:

28.1: meeting the required points of the plan. This criterion remains the most important. If the student does not meet the required points of the plan, 0 points are given for the entire task. However, specificity in assessment has appeared. It is now indicated that one of the mandatory points must be detailed in sub-clauses, while the other may not be detailed or be a sub-clause. If you completely hit the required points of the plan, 2 points are awarded. The student receives 1 point if he has one revealed point or two unsolved points.
28.2: adherence to a complex plan. This criterion takes into account the number of points and their quality, the degree of disclosure of the topic. Previously, points were awarded depending on the number of different points, but now the requirements have become more precise. The plan must have at least three points, two of which are detailed - in any other case, 0 points are awarded for this criterion.
28.3: correctness of wording. The point for this criterion is now in the nature of a bonus, and it can only be obtained if there are no errors anywhere with 1 point according to criteria 28.1 and 28.2.

While working on this assignment, it is important to take into account one contradiction in the assessment system. The FIPI recommendations indicate not to count plan items that are of an abstract and formal nature. At the same time, in the sample FIPI plan, the abstract formulation “The Concept of a Political Party” is used. Be that as it may, to get a high score, it is better to avoid formulations that do not reflect the specifics of the topic.

The reference book contains detailed theoretical material on all topics tested by the Unified State Exam in social studies. After each section, multi-level tasks are given in the form of the Unified State Exam. For the final control of knowledge, training options are given at the end of the reference book. Students will not have to search for additional information on the Internet and buy other textbooks. In this guide, they will find everything they need to independently and effectively prepare for the exam. The reference book is addressed to high school students to prepare for the Unified State Exam in social studies. The manual contains detailed theoretical material on all topics tested by the exam. After each section, examples of Unified State Examination tasks and a practice test are given. For the final control of knowledge, training options corresponding to the Unified State Exam in social studies are provided at the end of the reference book. Answers are provided for all tasks.

Preparation stages

Drawing up a plan is a meta-subject skill that you need to master to successfully pass the Unified State Exam. Experienced authors of the Russian Textbook corporation in their training programs help to develop the necessary skills in the following stages:

Grades 5–6 – simple text plan
Grades 7–8 – complex text plan
Grade 9 - a simple plan for a speech on a topic
Grades 10–11 – a complex plan for a presentation on a topic

Read and see also:

Practice making a plan every lesson. For example, write down a plan for the upcoming lesson with your students, highlight points and sub-points in your notes, draw up a complex plan at the end of the lecture - that is, practice this skill at different stages of studying the topic.
Do not ask students to memorize complex plans drawn up using a codifier! This will not help “weak” students in any way. For example, in 2017, the topics of the plans and the points of the codifier did not coincide.
Try to analyze different phenomena in the lesson according to a plan with such a fixed basis: concept, characteristics, structure, origin, development, diversity, role, current state. At the same time, avoid abstractly formal formulation of plan items with this basis.
When studying complex topics with two combined concepts, be sure to consider the relationship between phenomena and identify similarities and differences between them. In some cases, it is also necessary to determine what place one phenomenon occupies in the structure of another.

According to statistics, task No. 28 in the Unified State Examination in social studies is one of the most difficult for students. Understanding the requirements and thoughtful, consistent preparation will allow you to score the maximum number of points.

The manual is designed for independent or teacher-led preparation of schoolchildren and applicants for the Unified State Exam. It fully includes the material of the social studies course, which is tested in the exam. The theoretical part of the manual is presented in a concise and accessible form. A large number of diagrams and tables make it easy and quick to navigate the topic and find the information you need. The training tasks correspond to the modern format of the Unified State Exam; all changes in the content of the examination work made in recent years are taken into account.

How to learn draw up a detailed plan for social studies?
The student is offered draw up a plan not based on the text, but on the proposed topic,just as a schoolchild draws up a plan for his future abstract or project work on a chosen topic.

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C8. DRAFTING AN EXPANDED ANSWER PLAN FOR SOCIAL STUDIES. How to learn to draw up a detailed plan for social studies? The student is asked to draw up a plan not for the text, but for the proposed topic, just as a schoolchild draws up a plan for his future abstract or project work on a chosen topic.

C 8.You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic “Taxes and their impact on the country’s economy.” Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.

One of the options for a plan for covering this topic 1. The concept of taxes and their types: a) direct; b) indirect. 2. Taxation systems: a) proportional; b) progressive; c) regressive. 3. The impact of taxes on the country’s economy, manifested through the implementation of the following functions: a) fiscal; b) partial redistribution of income; c) regulation of economic relations; d) stimulating; e) control, etc. 4. The impact of taxes on supply and demand as one of the aspects of influence on the country’s economy. 5. The influence of the state’s tax policy on investment activity in the country The answer must necessarily reflect the provisions of points 2, 3 and 4 of the plan in this or similar wording. The presence of these plan points will allow you to reveal the content of this topic in essence

Evaluation system The wording of the plan points is correct and allows you to reveal the content of the topic in essence (the provisions of at least two of the plan points noted above are reflected). The structure of the answer corresponds to a complex type plan (contains at least three points, two of which are detailed) 3 The wording of the plan points is correct and allows you to reveal the content of the topic in essence (the provisions of at least two of the above-mentioned plan points are reflected). One of the points of the plan is detailed in subparagraphs. OR The wording of the plan points is correct and allows you to reveal the content of the topic (the provisions of the two plan points noted above are reflected). The plan includes two points, each of which is detailed in sub-points. 2 The wording of the plan points is correct and allows you to reveal the content of the specified topic (the provisions of at least two of the plan points noted above are reflected). The plan in its structure is simple and contains at least three points 1 The plan in structure and (or) content does not cover the specified topic (including a set of abstract formulations that do not reflect the specifics of the content of this topic). OR The plan is simple in structure and contains one or two points 0 Maximum score 3

When completing task C8, not only knowledge of the content is tested, but also the ability to build the logic of the content. The graduate must be able to formulate the points of the plan. And for this you need to select the right material.

Conditions for completing this task: 1. Systemic knowledge on the topic 2. Deep knowledge on the topic 3. Extensive knowledge on the topic 4. Versatile knowledge on the topic 5. Involving in-course material 6. Involving material from related academic disciplines 7. Involving operational knowledge obtained from Media 8.Building the logic of the content 9. Formulating the points of the plan 10. Select for the formulated thesis an aspect of the topic, behind which there is content that requires disclosure.

Classification of topics

The first group: a) broad “single-subject”, b) broad “single-object”, c) broad “single-component” 1. C8: You will have to speak at a school conference on the problem: “Human activity in its diversity.” Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. 2. C8: You have been instructed to prepare a report on the problem: “Man’s knowledge of the world and himself.” Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. 3…..“Taxes and their role in the modern Russian economy.” 4…..“Civil society”. 5……“Activity as a way of existence for people.”

Option of the Civil Society plan. 1. The concept of civil society; 2. History of the development of civil society; 3. Types of connections between government and society: a) horizontal; b) vertical; 4.Structure of civil society: a) market economy; b) sociocultural relations; c) associations of interests; 5 . Power in civil society is local government; 6. The role of civil society in the state. Plan option: Activity as a way of people’s existence. 1. Concept of activity 2. Distinctive features of human activity from animal behavior 3. Structure of activity a) goal b) means c) actions d) result 4. Main types of activity a) practical b) spiritual 5. The role of activity in the life of society and people

Algorithm No. 1: drawing up a detailed plan for the proposed “broad single-object” topic 1. concept (definition) of an object; 2. main features (features, properties, traits) of an object: a) the first feature of the object; b) the second sign of the object; c) the third feature of the object 3. Typology (types, classification, forms, styles, varieties) of the object: a) type (type, class, form, style, variety) of the object; b) type (type, class, form, style, variety) of the object; c) type (type, class, form, style, variety) of the object; 4. main (main) functions of the object: a) the first function of the object; b) the second function of the object; c) the third function of the object 5. problems of development of the object (development trends..., main directions of development..., specifics of development...). 6. policy towards the object in modern Russia (the world..., Europe...). Obviously, such a scheme can be applied to almost any topic of the first type.

Second group: a) narrow “single-object” b) narrow “single-subject”, c) narrow “single-component” 1.C8: You are preparing for a test in social studies on the topic: “Socialization of the individual”. Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. 2.C8:You are instructed to write an article for the school newspaper on the issue: “Science in the life of modern society.” Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. 3. C8: You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer to the problem: “Religion as a form of spiritual culture.” Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. 4.С8: presentations at a seminar lesson, you need to prepare a detailed answer on the problem: “Interpersonal conflicts and ways to resolve them.” Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. 5. C8: You need to write a creative work on the problem: “Education as a social value.” Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. 6. C8: You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic “The environmental crisis as a global problem of our time.” Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic.

Plan option: The state is a social institution. 1 . The concept of a social institution. 2. The essence and types of social institutions: a) state b) school c) political party 3. The state is the most important social institution. 4 . The state is a set of social institutions. 5 . Functions of the institution of the state: a) concepts of functions of the institution of the state; b) classification of the functions of the institute; c) internal and external functions of the institution of the state. 6. Interrelations of social institutions. 7. State and civil society. 8. Trends in the development of the state as a social institution in modern Russia. Plan option: Ecological crisis as a global problem of our time. 1. The concept of global problems of humanity. 2. Some types of global problems of humanity. a) thousands of species of plants and animals have been destroyed and continue to be destroyed; b) the forest cover has been largely destroyed; c) the available reserves of minerals are rapidly declining; d) the world ocean is not only depleted as a result of the destruction of living organisms, but also ceases to be a regulator of natural processes; 3. The essence of the environmental crisis and its connection with other global problems 4. Causes of the environmental crisis. a) unbridled and very rapid growth of the Earth's population b) imperfect agricultural and industrial technologies c) the frivolity of mankind and disregard for the laws of development of the biosphere 5. Manifestations and consequences of the environmental crisis 6. Ways to overcome the environmental crisis. a) changing people’s attitudes towards nature; b) science in the service of ecology; c) the “green” movement.

Algorithm No. 2: drawing up a detailed plan for the proposed “narrow single-object” topic: 1. concept (definition) of an object 2. properties of the object a) b) 3. reasons for the appearance of the object 4. typology (types, classification, forms, styles, varieties) of the object a) type (type, classification, forms, styles) of the object b) type (type, classification, forms, styles) of the object c) type (type, classification, forms, styles) of the object 5. structure of the object 6. problems of development of the object (trends development..., main directions of development..., specifics of development..., features of development..., ways to overcome..)

Third group: a) “multi-topic” b) “two-part” c) “multi-object” d) “multi-component” 1.C8: You are a participant in a competition of research papers for high school students with a report on the topic: “Multivariance and the driving forces of social development.” Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. 2.C8: You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer to the problem: “Biological and social in man.” Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. 3.C8: You are a participant in a research paper competition for high school students with a report on the topic: “Economic freedom and social responsibility.” Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic.

Plan option: Summer and winter time: pros and cons. 1. The concept of summer and winter time; 2. The problem of introducing summer and winter time in the world; 3. Reasons for introducing winter and summer time; a) administrative reasons; b) social reasons; c) economic reasons; 4. Some consequences of the introduction of winter and summer time in Russia - positive and negative: a) for the country’s economy; b) for human health; c) to govern the country; 5. Prospects for the existence of winter and summer time in modern Russia. Plan Option: Economic Freedom and Social Responsibility. 1. Concept: a) economic freedom; b) social responsibility; 2. Forms of economic freedom: a) entrepreneurship; b) business; 3. The mechanism for realizing economic freedom and social responsibility in various types of society: a) traditional society b) industrial society; c) post-industrial society; 4. Problems of the relationship between economic freedom and social responsibility; 5. Problems of development of economic freedom and social responsibility in modern Russia.

Algorithm No. 3. Drawing up a detailed plan for a “multi-object” topic. . 1. concept (definition) of object No. 1; 2. concept (definition) of object No. 2...No. 3... No. 4; 3. properties (structure) of objects: a) property No. 1; b) 4. reasons for the interaction (interdependence, mutual exclusion) of objects: a) reason No. 1 b) reason No. 2 5. interaction of objects; 6. problems of development of objects (development trends..., main directions of development..., specifics of development..., features of development..., ways to overcome...) in modern Russia.

Pedagogical methods and techniques: 1. Updating knowledge about types of plans. 2.Training lecture. 3. Logic diagram. 4.Working with the table of contents of the textbook. 5.Working with ready-made plans. 6.Make a complex plan for a fairy tale. 7. Compiling crossword puzzles. 8. Debate method. 9.Lessons-trials, lessons-press conferences. 10. Collections 10.1. topics 10.2. ready-made plans 10.3.algorithms

Conclusion: Experience shows that students are much better at collapsing information than the reverse operation of expanding it. A student can learn quite well how to organize, systematize information, present information in the form of diagrams, tables (although this is more difficult), drawings, clusters, but it is more difficult to learn how to retrieve it. There is an asymmetry in these types of activities. Drawing up detailed plans for the proposed topic relates to this issue. It is the attempt to teach the student to manage information – to unfold it – that motivates this article.

List of sources Analytical report of FIPI on the results of the Unified State Exam - 2010. Rutkovskaya E.A., Kotova O.A., Liskova T.E. Excellent student in the Unified State Exam. Social science. Solving complex tasks. FIPI. – M.: Intellect – Center, 2010. 3.Simonovich S., Evseev G., Alekseev A., General informatics. 5-9 grades. Moscow, ASTpress, 1999 4. Zagashev I.O., -Bek S.I., Mushtavinskaya I.V., “Teaching children to think critically,” St. Petersburg: Alliance Delta publishing house, 2003 5. Pliner Ya.G., Bukhvalov V.A.., Pedagogical examination of the school, M., Pedagogical Search, 2000. 6. Slabunova E.E., Information culture in the concept of lyceum education, VIO magazine, No. 29, 09.10.05. G. 7. Kondakov N.I., Logical dictionary - reference book, M., Nauka, 1976. 8.Babaytseva V.V. Russian language. Theory grades 5-11 9. Nikitina E.I. Russian speech. Didactic material. 10. Materials from the FIPI website (http://www.fipi.ru) 11. Khalin S.M. Methods of public speaking: Textbook. 2nd ed., revised. Tyumen: Tyumen State. University, 2006. 12. Forum “Entrant...PRO”

One of the most effective ways to develop logical thinking while working with an educational text is to draw up a plan for it. Plans can be: Simple - conveys only basic information in a very short form; its task is to help highlight the main thing in the text, to understand the historical fact logically holistically. Expanded - contains more complete, specific information. Pictures - allows you to reproduce the details of the main historical fact in an extremely emotional and colorful way. Semantic - involve listing the main, essential features, provisions characterizing a historical fact: causes, consequences, historical significance. Stereotypical - they help to consider homogeneous historical facts defined in the algorithm, to identify their common features and characteristics. Thesis - involves listing the essential aspects, features, consequences of individual facts that have no analogues in history. APPENDIX No. 1. “...Method is the art of the teacher to direct the thoughts of students in the right direction and organize work according to the planned plan...” Pre-revolutionary methodological manual

Simple Complex (expanded) The name of each section (part) of the paragraph is written under the corresponding serial number. For each section (part) of the paragraph, its own plan is drawn up, clarifying its content. The goals of drawing up a plan: 1) systematization of information 2) development of clarity of formulations 3) development of visual memory. 1. Work on the plan always begins with writing down the title and indicating the paragraph number in a notebook (in this case, the topic is highlighted or emphasized). 2. The plan can be: APPENDIX No. 2. REMINDER for drawing up a plan The wording in the plan should be brief and clear, but at the same time it should contain information that is mandatory to remember. 2. The structure of the plan must be extremely clear. For this purpose, the numbering of sections, paragraphs and subparagraphs is used. A logical chain is the construction of a reasoning by arranging the elements of this reasoning in a logical sequence. The teacher can offer students ready-made answer options for the first time, and the student will only have to put them in a logical sequence. The next step could be a logical chain in which only the first and last links are filled in, and students (for example, working with a small textbook text) must independently fill out 3-4 links.

APPENDIX No. 3 When drawing up a complex plan, you can use the following recommendations: 1. Mentally imagine all the studied material that reveals the content of the proposed topic. 2. Divide it into parts according to meaning, and identify the main idea in each of them. 3. Title these parts, choosing headings, replacing verbs with nouns. 4. Analyze the resulting plan: A) Were all aspects of the problem reflected in it? B) Are the wording of the plan items correct in terms of their compliance with the given topic and clarity of expression of thoughts? 5. Mentally justify for yourself the logical sequence of presentation of the material on this problem. The decisive factor in the effective use of different types of Unified State Exam tasks in the learning process is the professionalism of the teacher, in particular, his ability to competently apply various teaching methods and private techniques. In order to ensure differentiated preparation for the exam, it is advisable to conduct diagnostic thematic and intermediate testing in graduate classes (upon completion of the study of topics and major sections), while the results of each student’s work are compared and the dynamics of mastering both knowledge and skills (methods of activity) are recorded.

Basic skills in drawing up a plan are laid down at the early stages of education in the lessons of the Russian language, literature, and history. However, many graduates in the social studies exam have poor command of this skill. Simply put, the transfer of skills developed while studying another subject does not occur. Therefore, you first need to know what types of plans there are. Particular attention should be paid to the features of a complex plan, to the content-logical connections of the subordination of its points and subpoints.

The necessary conditions for drawing up a plan for the topic are:

1) correct designation of its boundaries (inclusion in a more general issue and isolation in it),

2) a fairly complete understanding of its various sides and aspects.

Let's consider these conditions on a specific topic "Labor relations".

A series of questions will help clarify them, for example:

1) what more general topic may this topic include (for example: “Legal regulation of labor relations”);

2) what place does this topic occupy in a broader issue (what are the features of the legal regulation of labor relations between employer and employee);

3) what range of issues the topic covers (the concept of labor relations, the legal status of the employee and the employer, social partnership in the sphere of labor, employment and employment).

The next step is to select positions that correspond to a single basis and arrange formulations in their logical subordination. As a result, a complex plan for this topic may take the following form:

1. The concept of legal relations.

2. Rights and obligations of the parties to labor relations:
a) rights and obligations of employees;
b) rights and obligations of employers.

3. Employment contract:
a) the contents of the employment contract;
b) the procedure for conclusion;
c) the procedure for terminating an employment contract.

4. Working time and rest time.

5. Salary.

6. Labor discipline.

Let's consider the evaluation scheme.

The wording of the plan items is correct. Taken together, the points of the plan cover the main issues of the topic. The structure of the response corresponds to a complex type plan.	2
The wording of the plan is correct. Certain issues essential to this topic have been omitted. OR Some of the wording of the plan items is incorrect. Taken together, the points of the plan cover the main issues of the topic. The structure of the response corresponds to a complex type plan.	1
The plan does not reveal the proposed topic. OR The response structure does not match the complex type plan.	0
Maximum score	2

From these instructions it follows that the points of the plan must be correctly formulated in terms of their compliance with the given topic. The plan should most fully reflect the content of the topic. It is necessary to maintain the structure of a complex plan, otherwise the answer will only be scored 0 points.

So, we see that when completing task C8, not only knowledge of the content is tested, but also the ability to build the logic of the content. The graduate must be able to formulate the points of the plan. And for this you need to select the right material.
Let's create an algorithm for a complex plan on the topic “The state is a political institution.”

First of all, we need to define a social institution. Remember what a state is. The next step will be to define the characteristics and functions of the state. It is necessary to include in the plan material about types, types and classifications. But in conclusion, we can also include in the plan the question of the characteristics of the modern state.

And how one of the options could be this plan:

1. The concept of a social institution.

2. The essence of the state:
a) state – public authority;
b) the difference between the state and non-state political organizations.

3. Forms of state:
a) the concept of the form of the state;
b) forms of government;
c) forms of government;
d) forms of political regime.

4. Functions of the state:
a) concepts of state functions;
b) classification of state functions;
c) internal and external functions of the state.

5. Features of the state in the modern world.

Obviously, such a scheme can be applied to almost any topic. The point of drawing up a plan in our case is to present the proposed specific topic in its integrity and correlation of its various aspects.