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Experiments and experiments in physics (Grade 7) on the topic: Scientific work “Entertaining physical experiments from improvised materials. Entertaining experiments in physics at home

Winter will begin soon, and with it the long-awaited time. In the meantime, we suggest you take your child to no less exciting experiences at home, because you want miracles not only for the New Year, but every day.

This article will focus on experiments that clearly demonstrate to children such physical phenomena as: atmospheric pressure, the properties of gases, the movement of air currents and from various objects.

These will cause surprise and delight in the baby, and even a four-year-old can repeat them under your supervision.

How to fill a bottle with water without hands?

We will need:

a bowl of cold and tinted water for clarity;
hot water;
Glass bottle.

Pour hot water into the bottle several times so that it warms up well. We turn the empty hot bottle upside down and lower it into a bowl of cold water. We observe how water from the bowl is drawn into the bottle and, contrary to the law of communicating vessels, the water level in the bottle is much higher than in the bowl.

Why it happens? Initially, a well-heated bottle is filled with warm air. As the gas cools, it contracts to fill a smaller and smaller volume. Thus, a low-pressure medium is formed in the bottle, where water is directed to restore balance, because atmospheric pressure presses on the water from the outside. Colored water will flow into the bottle until the pressure inside and outside the glass vessel equalizes.

Dancing coin

For this experience we will need:

a glass bottle with a narrow neck that can be completely blocked by a coin;
coin;
water;
freezer.

We leave an empty open glass bottle in the freezer (or outside in winter) for 1 hour. We take out the bottle, moisten the coin with water and put it on the neck of the bottle. After a few seconds, the coin will begin to bounce on the neck and make characteristic clicks.

This behavior of the coin is explained by the ability of gases to expand when heated. Air is a mixture of gases, and when we took the bottle out of the refrigerator it was filled with cold air. At room temperature, the gas inside began to heat up and increase in volume, while the coin blocked its exit. Here the warm air began to push out the coin, and at one time it began to bounce on the bottle and click.

It is important that the coin is wet and fits snugly to the neck, otherwise the focus will not work and warm air will freely leave the bottle without tossing a coin.

Glass - non-spill

Invite the child to turn the glass filled with water so that the water does not spill out of it. Surely the baby will refuse such a scam or at the first attempt will pour water into the basin. Teach him the next trick. We will need:

a glass of water;
a piece of cardboard;
basin / sink for safety net.

We cover the glass with water with cardboard, and holding the latter with our hand, we turn the glass over, after which we remove the hand. This experiment is best done over the basin / sink, because. if the glass is kept upside down for a long time, the cardboard will eventually get wet and water will spill. Paper instead of cardboard is better not to use for the same reason.

Discuss with your child: why does the cardboard prevent water from flowing out of the glass, because it is not glued to the glass, and why does the cardboard not immediately fall under the influence of gravity?

Do you want to play with your child easily and with pleasure?

At the moment of getting wet, the cardboard molecules interact with water molecules, being attracted to each other. From this point on, water and cardboard interact as one. In addition, wet cardboard prevents air from entering the glass, which prevents the pressure inside the glass from changing.

At the same time, not only water from the glass presses on the cardboard, but also the air from the outside, which forms the force of atmospheric pressure. It is atmospheric pressure that presses the cardboard to the glass, forming a kind of lid, and prevents the water from pouring out.

Experience with a hair dryer and a strip of paper

We continue to surprise the child. We build a structure from books and attach a strip of paper to them from above (we did this with adhesive tape). The paper hangs from the books as shown in the photo. You choose the width and length of the strip, focusing on the power of the hair dryer (we took 4 by 25 cm).

Now turn on the hair dryer and direct the air stream parallel to the lying paper. Despite the fact that the air does not blow on the paper, but next to it, the strip rises from the table and develops as if in the wind.

Why does this happen and what makes the strip move? Initially, gravity acts on the strip and atmospheric pressure presses. The hair dryer creates a strong airflow along the paper. In this place, a zone of low pressure is formed in the direction of which the paper deviates.

Shall we blow out the candle?

We begin to teach the baby to blow even before a year old, preparing him for his first birthday. When the child has grown up and fully mastered this skill, offer him through the funnel. In the first case, positioning the funnel in such a way that its center corresponds to the level of the flame. And the second time, so that the flame is along the edge of the funnel.

Surely the child will be surprised that all his efforts in the first case will not give the proper result in the form of an extinguished candle. Moreover, in the second case, the effect will be instantaneous.

Why? When air enters the funnel, it is evenly distributed along its walls, so the maximum flow velocity is observed at the edge of the funnel. And in the center, the air speed is small, which does not allow the candle to go out.

Shadow from the candle and from the fire

We will need:

candle;
Lantern.

We light the battle and place it against a wall or other screen and illuminate it with a flashlight. A shadow from the candle itself will appear on the wall, but there will be no shadow from the fire. Ask the child why this happened?

The thing is that the fire itself is a source of light and transmits other light rays through itself. And since the shadow appears when the side illumination of an object that does not transmit rays of light, the fire cannot give a shadow. But not everything is so simple. Depending on the combustible substance, the fire can be filled with various impurities, soot, etc. In this case, you can see a blurry shadow, which is exactly what these inclusions give.

Did you like a selection of experiments to conduct at home? Share with your friends by clicking on the buttons of social networks so that other mothers will please their babies with interesting experiments!

Experiments at home are a great way to introduce children to the basics of physics and chemistry, and make it easier to understand complex abstract laws and terms through visual demonstration. Moreover, for their implementation it is not necessary to acquire expensive reagents or special equipment. After all, without hesitation, we conduct experiments every day at home - from adding slaked soda to the dough to connecting batteries to a flashlight. Read on to find out how easy, simple and safe it is to conduct interesting experiments.

Chemical experiments at home

Does the image of a professor with a glass flask and scorched eyebrows immediately appear in your head? Do not worry, our chemical experiments at home are completely safe, interesting and useful. Thanks to them, the child will easily remember what exo- and endothermic reactions are and what is the difference between them.

So, let's make hatching dinosaur eggs that can be successfully used as bath bombs.

For experience you need:

small dinosaur figurines;
baking soda;
vegetable oil;
lemon acid;
food coloring or liquid watercolors.

The order of the experiment

Pour ½ cup baking soda into a small bowl and add about ¼ tsp. liquid paints (or dissolve 1-2 drops of food coloring in ¼ tsp of water), mix the baking soda with your fingers to get an even color.
Add 1 tbsp. l. citric acid. Mix dry ingredients thoroughly.
Add 1 tsp. vegetable oil.
You should end up with a crumbly dough that barely sticks together when pressed. If it does not want to stick together at all, then slowly add ¼ tsp. butter until you reach the desired consistency.
Now take a dinosaur figurine and cover it with dough in the shape of an egg. It will be very brittle at first, so it should be left overnight (minimum 10 hours) for it to harden.
Then you can start a fun experiment: fill the bathroom with water and drop an egg into it. It will hiss furiously as it dissolves into the water. It will be cold when touched, as it is an endothermic reaction between an acid and a base, absorbing heat from the environment.

Please note that the bathroom may become slippery due to the addition of oil.

Elephant Toothpaste

Experiments at home, the result of which can be felt and touched, are very popular with children. One of them is this fun project that ends up with lots of thick, fluffy colored foam.

To carry it out you will need:

goggles for a child;
dry active yeast;
warm water;
hydrogen peroxide 6%;
dishwashing detergent or liquid soap (not antibacterial);
funnel;
plastic sequins (necessarily non-metallic);
food colorings;
bottle 0.5 l (it is best to take a bottle with a wide bottom, for greater stability, but a regular plastic one will do).

The experiment itself is extremely simple:

1 tsp dissolve dry yeast in 2 tbsp. l. warm water.
In a bottle placed in a sink or dish with high sides, pour ½ cup of hydrogen peroxide, a drop of dye, glitter and some dishwashing liquid (several pumps on the dispenser).
Insert a funnel and pour in the yeast. The reaction will start immediately, so act quickly.

The yeast acts as a catalyst and speeds up the release of hydrogen from the peroxide, and when the gas interacts with the soap, it creates a huge amount of foam. This is an exothermic reaction, with the release of heat, so if you touch the bottle after the "eruption" stops, it will be warm. Since the hydrogen immediately escapes, it's just soap suds to play with.

Physics experiments at home

Did you know that lemon can be used as a battery? True, very weak. Experiments at home with citrus fruits will demonstrate to children the operation of a battery and a closed electrical circuit.

For the experiment you will need:

lemons - 4 pcs.;
galvanized nails - 4 pcs.;
small pieces of copper (you can take coins) - 4 pcs.;
alligator clips with short wires (about 20 cm) - 5 pcs.;
small light bulb or flashlight - 1 pc.

Let there be light

Here's how to do the experience:

Roll on a hard surface, then lightly squeeze the lemons to release the juice inside the skins.
Insert one galvanized nail and one piece of copper into each lemon. Line them up.
Connect one end of the wire to a galvanized nail and the other end to a piece of copper in another lemon. Repeat this step until all fruits are connected.
When you are done, you should be left with one 1 nail and 1 piece of copper that are not connected to anything. Prepare your light bulb, determine the polarity of the battery.
Connect the remaining piece of copper (plus) and nail (minus) to the plus and minus of the flashlight. Thus, a chain of connected lemons is a battery.
Turn on a light bulb that will work on the energy of fruits!

To repeat such experiments at home, potatoes, especially green ones, are also suitable.

How it works? The citric acid in the lemon reacts with two different metals, causing the ions to move in the same direction, creating an electrical current. All chemical sources of electricity work on this principle.

Summer fun

You don't have to stay indoors to do some experiments. Some experiments will work better outdoors, and you won't have to clean anything up after they're done. These include interesting experiments at home with air bubbles, and not simple ones, but huge ones.

To make them you will need:

2 wooden sticks 50-100 cm long (depending on the age and height of the child);
2 metal screw-in ears;
1 metal washer;
3 m cotton cord;
bucket with water;
any detergent - for dishes, shampoo, liquid soap.

Here's how to conduct spectacular experiments for children at home:

Screw metal ears into the ends of the sticks.
Cut the cotton cord into two parts, 1 and 2 m long. You can not exactly adhere to these measurements, but it is important that the proportion between them is 1 to 2.
Put a washer on a long piece of rope so that it sags evenly in the center, and tie both ropes to the ears on the sticks, forming a loop.
Mix a small amount of detergent in a bucket of water.
Gently dipping the loop on the sticks into the liquid, start blowing giant bubbles. To separate them from each other, carefully bring the ends of the two sticks together.

What is the scientific component of this experience? Explain to the children that bubbles are held together by surface tension, the attractive force that holds the molecules of any liquid together. Its action is manifested in the fact that spilled water collects in drops that tend to acquire a spherical shape, as the most compact of all that exists in nature, or that water, when poured, collects in cylindrical streams. At the bubble, a layer of liquid molecules is clamped on both sides by soap molecules, which increase its surface tension when distributed over the surface of the bubble, and prevent it from quickly evaporating. As long as the sticks are kept open, the water is held in the form of a cylinder; as soon as they are closed, it tends to a spherical shape.

Here are some experiments at home you can do with children.

Introduction

Without a doubt, all our knowledge begins with experience.
(Kant Emmanuel. German philosopher g. g)

Physical experiments in an entertaining way introduce students to the various applications of the laws of physics. Experiments can be used in the classroom to draw students' attention to the phenomenon being studied, when repeating and consolidating educational material, and at physical evenings. Entertaining experiments deepen and expand students' knowledge, contribute to the development of logical thinking, instill interest in the subject.

The role of experiment in the science of physics

That physics is a young science
Can't say for sure here.
And in ancient times knowing science,
Always strive to reach it.

The purpose of teaching physics is specific,
To be able to apply all knowledge in practice.
And it is important to remember - the role of the experiment
Must be in the first place.

Know how to plan and execute experiments.
Analyze and bring to life.
Build a model, put forward a hypothesis,
Strive to reach new heights

The laws of physics are based on facts established by experience. Moreover, the interpretation of the same facts often changes in the course of the historical development of physics. Facts accumulate as a result of observations. But at the same time, they cannot be limited only to them. This is only the first step towards knowledge. Next comes the experiment, the development of concepts that allow qualitative characteristics. In order to draw general conclusions from observations, to find out the causes of phenomena, it is necessary to establish quantitative relationships between quantities. If such a dependence is obtained, then a physical law is found. If a physical law is found, then there is no need to set up an experiment in each individual case, it is enough to perform the appropriate calculations. Having studied experimentally the quantitative relationships between the quantities, it is possible to identify patterns. Based on these regularities, a general theory of phenomena is developed.

Therefore, without experiment there can be no rational teaching of physics. The study of physics involves the widespread use of the experiment, the discussion of the features of its formulation and the observed results.

Entertaining experiments in physics

The description of the experiments was carried out using the following algorithm:

Name of the experiment Necessary instruments and materials for the experiment Stages of the experiment Explanation of the experiment

Experience #1 Four floors

Devices and materials: glass, paper, scissors, water, salt, red wine, sunflower oil, colored alcohol.

Stages of the experiment

Let's try to pour four different liquids into a glass so that they do not mix and stand one above the other in five floors. However, it will be more convenient for us to take not a glass, but a narrow glass expanding towards the top.

Pour salted tinted water into the bottom of a glass. Roll out “Funtik” paper and bend its end at a right angle; cut off its tip. The hole in the Funtik should be the size of a pinhead. Pour red wine into this cone; a thin stream should flow out of it horizontally, break against the walls of the glass and flow down it into salt water.
When the layer of red wine is equal in height to the height of the layer of tinted water, stop pouring the wine. From the second cone, pour sunflower oil into a glass in the same way. Pour a layer of colored alcohol from the third horn.

https://pandia.ru/text/78/416/images/image002_161.gif" width="86 height=41" height="41">, tinted alcohol has the smallest.

Experience #2 Amazing Candlestick

Devices and materials: candle, nail, glass, matches, water.

Stages of the experiment

Isn't it an amazing candlestick - a glass of water? And this candlestick is not bad at all.

https://pandia.ru/text/78/416/images/image005_65.jpg" width="300" height="225 src=">

Figure 3

Explanation of experience

The candle goes out because the bottle is “flown around” with air: the jet of air is broken by the bottle into two streams; one flows around it on the right, and the other on the left; and they meet approximately where the flame of a candle stands.

Experience number 4 Spinning snake

Devices and materials: thick paper, candle, scissors.

Stages of the experiment

Cut a spiral out of thick paper, stretch it a little and put it on the end of the bent wire. Holding this coil over the candle in an updraft of air will cause the snake to spin.

Explanation of experience

The snake rotates because the air expands under the influence of heat and the transformation of warm energy into motion.

https://pandia.ru/text/78/416/images/image007_56.jpg" width="300" height="225 src=">

Figure 5

Explanation of experience

Water has a higher density than alcohol; it will gradually enter the vial, displacing the mascara from there. Red, blue or black liquid will rise in a thin stream from the bubble upwards.

Experiment No. 6 Fifteen matches on one

Devices and materials: 15 matches.

Stages of the experiment

Put one match on the table, and 14 matches across it so that their heads stick up and the ends touch the table. How to lift the first match, holding it by one end, and with it all the other matches?

Explanation of experience

To do this, you only need to put one more, fifteenth match on top of all the matches, in the hollow between them.

https://pandia.ru/text/78/416/images/image009_55.jpg" width="300" height="283 src=">

Figure 7

https://pandia.ru/text/78/416/images/image011_48.jpg" width="300" height="267 src=">

Figure 9

Experience No. 8 Paraffin motor

Devices and materials: candle, knitting needle, 2 glasses, 2 plates, matches.

Stages of the experiment

To make this motor, we don't need electricity or gasoline. We need only ... a candle for this.

Heat the needle and stick it with their heads into the candle. This will be the axis of our engine. Place a candle with a knitting needle on the edges of two glasses and balance. Light the candle at both ends.

Explanation of experience

A drop of paraffin will fall into one of the plates placed under the ends of the candle. The balance will be disturbed, the other end of the candle will pull and fall; at the same time, a few drops of paraffin will drain from it, and it will become lighter than the first end; it rises to the top, the first end will fall, drop a drop, it will become easier, and our motor will start to work with might and main; gradually fluctuations of the candle will increase more and more.

https://pandia.ru/text/78/416/images/image013_40.jpg" width="300" height="225 src=">

Figure 11

Demonstration Experiments

1. Diffusion of liquids and gases

Diffusion (from Latin diflusio - spreading, spreading, scattering), the transfer of particles of different nature, due to the chaotic thermal motion of molecules (atoms). Distinguish between diffusion in liquids, gases and solids

Demonstration experiment "Observation of diffusion"

Devices and materials: cotton wool, ammonia, phenolphthalein, diffusion observation device.

Stages of the experiment

Take two pieces of cotton wool. We moisten one piece of cotton wool with phenolphthalein, the other with ammonia. Let's bring the branches together. There is a pink staining of the fleece due to the phenomenon of diffusion.

https://pandia.ru/text/78/416/images/image015_37.jpg" width="300" height="225 src=">

Figure 13

https://pandia.ru/text/78/416/images/image017_35.jpg" width="300" height="225 src=">

Figure 15

Let us prove that the phenomenon of diffusion depends on temperature. The higher the temperature, the faster diffusion proceeds.

https://pandia.ru/text/78/416/images/image019_31.jpg" width="300" height="225 src=">

Figure 17

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Figure 19

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Figure 21

3. Pascal's ball

Pascal's ball is a device designed to demonstrate the uniform transfer of pressure exerted on a liquid or gas in a closed vessel, as well as the rise of a liquid behind a piston under the influence of atmospheric pressure.

To demonstrate the uniform transmission of pressure produced on a liquid in a closed vessel, it is necessary, using a piston, to draw water into the vessel and tightly fit a ball onto the nozzle. By pushing the piston into the vessel, demonstrate the outflow of liquid from the holes in the ball, paying attention to the uniform outflow of liquid in all directions.

Physics surrounds us absolutely everywhere and everywhere: at home, on the street, on the road ... Sometimes parents should draw the attention of their children to some interesting, yet unknown moments. An early acquaintance with this school subject will allow some child to overcome fear, and some will become seriously interested in this science, and, perhaps, this will become fate for someone.

With some simple experiments that you can do at home, we propose to get acquainted today.

PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT: See if the shape of an item affects its durability.
MATERIALS: three sheets of paper, adhesive tape, books (weighing up to half a kilogram), an assistant.

PROCESS:

Fold the pieces of paper into three different shapes: Form A- fold the sheet in three and glue the ends, Form B- fold the sheet in four and glue the ends, Form B- roll the paper into a cylinder shape and glue the ends.

Put all the figures you have made on the table.

Together with an assistant, at the same time and one at a time, put books on them and see when the structures collapse.

Remember how many books each figure can hold.

RESULTS: The cylinder holds the largest number of books.
WHY? Gravity (attraction to the center of the Earth) pulls books down, but paper supports do not let them in. If the earth's gravity is greater than the drag force of the support, the weight of the book will crush it. The open paper cylinder turned out to be the strongest of all the figures, because the weight of the books that lay on it was evenly distributed along its walls.

_________________________

PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT: Charge an object with static electricity.
MATERIALS: scissors, napkin, ruler, comb.

PROCESS:

Measure and cut a strip of paper from the napkin (7cm x 25cm).

Cut long, thin strips of paper, LEAVING the edge intact (according to the drawing).

Comb your hair quickly. Your hair must be clean and dry. Bring the comb close to the paper strips, but do not touch them.

RESULTS: Paper strips stretch to the comb.
WHY?"Static" means motionless. Static electricity is negative particles called electrons gathered together. Matter consists of atoms, where electrons rotate around a positive center - the nucleus. When we comb our hair, the electrons seem to be erased from the hair and fall on the comb "The half of the comb that touched your hair has received! a negative charge. The paper strip is made of atoms. We bring the comb to them, as a result of which the positive part of the atoms is attracted to the comb. This attraction between the positive and negative particles is enough to lift the paper stripes up.

_________________________

PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT: Find the position of the center of gravity.
MATERIALS: plasticine, two metal forks, a toothpick, a tall glass or a jar with a wide mouth.

PROCESS:

Roll the plasticine into a ball with a diameter of about 4 cm.

Insert a fork into the ball.

Insert the second fork into the ball at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the first fork.

Insert a toothpick into the ball between the forks.

Place the toothpick with the end on the edge of the glass and move towards the center of the glass until balance is reached.

NOTE: If balance cannot be achieved, reduce the angle between them.
RESULTS: At a certain position of the toothpick, the forks are balanced.
WHY? Since the forks are located at an angle to each other, their weight is, as it were, concentrated at a certain point of the stick located between them. This point is called the center of gravity.

_________________________

PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT: Compare the speed of sound in solids and in air.
MATERIALS: a plastic cup, an elastic band in the form of a ring.

PROCESS:

Put the rubber ring on the glass as shown in the picture.

Put the glass upside down to your ear.

Jingle the stretched rubber band like a string.

RESULTS: A loud sound is heard.
WHY? The object sounds when it vibrates. Making vibrations, he strikes the air or another object, if it is nearby. The vibrations begin to spread through the air that fills everything around, their energy affects the ears, and we hear a sound. Oscillations propagate much more slowly through air—a gas—than through solid or liquid bodies. The vibrations of the gum are transmitted to both the air and the body of the glass, but the sound is heard louder when it comes to the ear directly from the walls of the glass.

_________________________

PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT: Find out if temperature affects the jumping ability of a rubber ball.
MATERIALS: tennis ball, meter rail, freezer.

PROCESS:

Stand the rail vertically and, holding it with one hand, place the ball on its upper end with the other hand.

Release the ball and see how high it bounces when it hits the floor. Repeat this three times and estimate the average jump height.

Place the ball in the freezer for half an hour.

Again measure the height of the jump by releasing the ball from the top end of the rail.

RESULTS: After freezing, the ball bounces not so high.
WHY? Rubber is made up of a myriad of molecules in the form of chains. In heat, these chains easily shift and move away from each other, and thanks to this, the rubber becomes elastic. When cooled, these chains become rigid. When the chains are elastic, the ball jumps well. When playing tennis in cold weather, you need to consider that the ball will not be as bouncy.

_________________________

PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT: See how the image appears in the mirror.
MATERIALS: mirror, 4 books, pencil, paper.

PROCESS:

Put the books in a pile and lean a mirror against it.

Place a sheet of paper under the edge of the mirror.

Put your left hand in front of a piece of paper, and put your chin on your hand so that you can look in the mirror, but not see the sheet on which you have to write.

Looking only in the mirror, but not at the paper, write your name on it.

Look what you wrote.

RESULTS: Most, and maybe even all, of the letters turned out to be upside down.
WHY? Because you wrote while looking in the mirror, where they looked normal, but on paper they are upside down. Most letters will turn upside down, and only symmetrical letters (H, O, E, B) will be correctly written. They look the same in the mirror and on paper, although the image in the mirror is upside down.

Introduction

Without a doubt, all our knowledge begins with experience.
(Kant Emmanuel. German philosopher 1724-1804)

This paper describes 10 entertaining experiments, 5 demonstration experiments using school equipment. The authors of the works are students of the 10th grade of the MOU secondary school No. 1 of the village of Zabaikalsk, Zabaikalsky Krai - Chuguevsky Artyom, Lavrentiev Arkady, Chipizubov Dmitry. The guys independently did these experiments, summarized the results and presented them in the form of this work.

The role of experiment in the science of physics

That physics is a young science
Can't say for sure here.
And in ancient times knowing science,
Always strive to reach it.

The purpose of teaching physics is specific,
To be able to apply all knowledge in practice.
And it is important to remember - the role of the experiment
Must be in the first place.

Know how to plan and execute experiments.
Analyze and bring to life.
Build a model, put forward a hypothesis,
Strive to reach new heights

Entertaining experiments in physics

The description of the experiments was carried out using the following algorithm:

Name of experience
Instruments and materials necessary for the experiment
Stages of the experiment
Explanation of experience

Experience #1 Four floors

Equipment and materials: glass, paper, scissors, water, salt, red wine, sunflower oil, colored alcohol.

Stages of the experiment

Pour salted tinted water into the bottom of a glass.
Roll out “Funtik” paper and bend its end at a right angle; cut off its tip. The hole in the Funtik should be the size of a pinhead. Pour red wine into this cone; a thin stream should flow out of it horizontally, break against the walls of the glass and flow down it into salt water.
When the layer of red wine is equal in height to the height of the layer of tinted water, stop pouring the wine.
From the second cone, pour sunflower oil into a glass in the same way.
Pour a layer of colored alcohol from the third horn.

Picture 1

So we got four floors of liquids in one glass. All different colors and different densities.

Explanation of experience

The liquids in the groceries were arranged in the following order: tinted water, red wine, sunflower oil, tinted alcohol. The heaviest are at the bottom, the lightest are at the top. Salt water has the highest density, tinted alcohol has the smallest.

Experience #2 Amazing Candlestick

Devices and materials: a candle, a nail, a glass, matches, water.

Stages of the experiment

Isn't it an amazing candlestick - a glass of water? And this candlestick is not bad at all.

Figure 2

Weight the end of the candle with a nail.
Calculate the size of the nail so that the candle is completely immersed in water, only the wick and the very tip of the paraffin should protrude above the water.
Light the fuse.

Explanation of experience

Let me, they will tell you, because in a minute the candle will burn down to water and go out!

That's just the point, - you will answer, - that the candle is getting shorter every minute. And if it's shorter, it's easier. If it's easier, then it will float.

And, true, the candle will gradually float up, and the paraffin cooled by water at the edge of the candle will melt more slowly than the paraffin surrounding the wick. Therefore, a rather deep funnel is formed around the wick. This emptiness, in turn, lightens the candle, and that is why our candle will burn out to the end.

Experience No. 3 Candle behind a bottle

Equipment and materials: candle, bottle, matches

Stages of the experiment

Put a lit candle behind the bottle, and stand yourself so that your face is 20-30 cm away from the bottle.
It is worth now to blow, and the candle will go out, as if there is no barrier between you and the candle.

Figure 3

Explanation of experience

Experience number 4 Spinning snake

Tools and materials: thick paper, candle, scissors.

Stages of the experiment

Cut a spiral out of thick paper, stretch it a little and put it on the end of the bent wire.
Holding this coil over the candle in an updraft of air will cause the snake to spin.

Explanation of experience

The snake rotates because there is an expansion of air under the action of heat and the transformation of warm energy into motion.

Figure 4

Experience No. 5 Eruption of Vesuvius

Devices and materials: glass vessel, vial, cork, alcohol ink, water.

Stages of the experiment

In a wide glass vessel filled with water, put a vial of alcohol ink.
There should be a small hole in the stopper of the vial.

Figure 5

Explanation of experience

Water has a higher density than alcohol; it will gradually enter the vial, displacing the mascara from there. Red, blue or black liquid will rise in a thin stream from the bubble upwards.

Experiment No. 6 Fifteen matches on one

Equipment and materials: 15 matches.

Stages of the experiment

Put one match on the table, and 14 matches across it so that their heads stick up and the ends touch the table.
How to lift the first match, holding it by one end, and with it all the other matches?

Explanation of experience

To do this, you only need to put one more, fifteenth match on top of all the matches, in the hollow between them.

Figure 6

Experience No. 7 Pot stand

Equipment and materials: a plate, 3 forks, a napkin ring, a saucepan.

Stages of the experiment

Put three forks in the ring.
Put a plate on this design.
Place a pot of water on a stand.

Figure 7

Figure 8

Explanation of experience

This experience is explained by the rule of leverage and stable equilibrium.

Figure 9

Experience No. 8 Paraffin motor

Devices and materials: a candle, a knitting needle, 2 glasses, 2 plates, matches.

Stages of the experiment

To make this motor, we don't need electricity or gasoline. We need only ... a candle for this.

Heat the needle and stick it with their heads into the candle. This will be the axis of our engine.
Place a candle with a knitting needle on the edges of two glasses and balance.
Light the candle at both ends.

Explanation of experience

Figure 10

Experience No. 9 Free exchange of fluids

Equipment and materials: orange, glass, red wine or milk, water, 2 toothpicks.

Stages of the experiment

Carefully cut the orange in half, peel so that the skin is removed by a whole cup.
Poke two holes in the bottom of this cup side by side and put it in a glass. The diameter of the cup should be slightly larger than the diameter of the central part of the glass, then the cup will stay on the walls without falling to the bottom.
Lower the orange cup into the vessel one third of the height.
Pour red wine or colored alcohol into an orange peel. It will pass through the hole until the level of the wine reaches the bottom of the cup.
Then pour water almost to the brim. You can see how a stream of wine rises through one of the holes to the level of the water, while the heavier water passes through the other hole and begins to sink to the bottom of the glass. In a few moments the wine will be at the top and the water at the bottom.

Experience No. 10 Singing glass

Equipment and materials: a thin glass, water.

Stages of the experiment

Fill a glass with water and wipe the rim of the glass.
With a moistened finger, rub anywhere in the glass, she will sing.

Figure 11

Demonstration Experiments

1. Diffusion of liquids and gases

Diffusion (from Latin diflusio - spreading, spreading, scattering), the transfer of particles of different nature, due to the chaotic thermal motion of molecules (atoms). Distinguish between diffusion in liquids, gases and solids

Demonstration experiment "Observation of diffusion"

Devices and materials: cotton wool, ammonia, phenolphthalein, a device for observing diffusion.

Stages of the experiment

Take two pieces of cotton wool.
We moisten one piece of cotton wool with phenolphthalein, the other with ammonia.
Let's bring the branches together.
There is a pink staining of the fleece due to the phenomenon of diffusion.

Figure 12

Figure 13

Figure 14

The phenomenon of diffusion can be observed using a special installation

Pour ammonia into one of the cones.
Moisten a piece of cotton wool with phenolphthalein and put it on top in a flask.
After a while, we observe the coloring of the fleece. This experiment demonstrates the phenomenon of diffusion at a distance.

Figure 15

Let us prove that the phenomenon of diffusion depends on temperature. The higher the temperature, the faster diffusion proceeds.

Figure 16

To demonstrate this experiment, let's take two identical glasses. Pour cold water into one glass, hot water into the other. We add copper sulphate to glasses, we observe that copper sulphate dissolves faster in hot water, which proves the dependence of diffusion on temperature.

Figure 17

Figure 18

2. Communicating vessels

To demonstrate communicating vessels, let's take a number of vessels of various shapes, connected at the bottom by tubes.

Figure 19

Figure 20

We will pour liquid into one of them: we will immediately find that the liquid will flow through the tubes into the remaining vessels and will settle in all vessels at the same level.

The explanation for this experience is as follows. The pressure on the free surfaces of the liquid in the vessels is the same; it is equal to atmospheric pressure. Thus, all free surfaces belong to the same level surface and, therefore, must be in the same horizontal plane and the upper edge of the vessel itself: otherwise the kettle cannot be filled to the top.

Figure 21

3. Pascal's ball