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Organizations for the protection of the environment, international organizations for the protection of nature. Nature Conservation Organization Which international organization deals with the protection of nature

Interstate cooperation in the field of environmental safety is carried out within the framework of the activities of a number of international organizations. Depending on the nature and areas of activity, goals and objectives, they can be differentiated into several groups: environmental protection, solving problems of the Earth (UNEP, IUCN); integrated environmental monitoring (FAO, WHO, WMO); special environmental protection measures (protection of wildlife, fish stocks, international lakes, rivers, safety of nuclear energy sources with the coordinating role of the IAEA, etc.). Protection of the natural environment is one of the priority goals United Nations and its specialized agencies, as stipulated by the Charter of this organization. In addition, the UN is called upon to assist in resolving international problems in the field of economic, social life, health care, raising the standard of living of the population, and observing human rights. The UN has played a leading role in developing the following forms of interstate cooperation in the field of nature protection: * Participation in international conventions; * signing agreements on environmental protection measures and implementation of various projects; * holding international conferences on topical environmental issues; * development of environmental concepts, ways of implementing international programs. December 15, 1972 by a resolution of the UN General Assembly was approved United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). The adoption of this document was envisaged by the recommendations of the UN Stockholm Conference on the Environment, held in the same year. The structure of UNEP consists of the Board of Governors (it includes representatives of the member states), the Council for the Coordination of Environmental Protection, and the Environment Fund. The Governing Council determines the main activities of UNEP. Priority areas for the coming years: * human health, environmental sanitation; * protection of lands, waters, prevention of desertification; * oceans; * protection of nature, wild animals, genetic resources; * energy; * education, professional training; * trade, economics, technology. In 1948 was formed International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) - non-governmental intergovernmental organization representing over 100 countries, non-governmental organizations and international governmental organizations. Priority task IUCN - development of international cooperation between states, national and international organizations, as well as citizens in order to: I / implement regional programs for the protection of the natural environment; * conservation of natural ecosystems, flora and fauna; * preservation of rare and endangered species of plants and animals, natural monuments; * organization of nature reserves, reserves, national natural parks; I/ environmental education. World Health Organization (WHO), formed in 1946, coordinates the solution of human health issues in relation to the problems of its interaction with the environment. Activities WHO: * sanitary and epidemiological monitoring of the environment; * analysis of statistical data on the incidence of people in connection with the state of the environment; * sanitary and hygienic examination of the environment, analysis of its quality. WHO explores ways and means of solving the problems of improving cities, organizing recreation and sanatorium treatment of citizens, participates in the implementation of international programs to improve the sanitary and hygienic conditions of human life. In order to effectively address the most pressing challenges, WHO interacts with UNEP, the IAEA, WMO and other interstate structures. United Nations Specialized Organization for Agriculture and Food FAO was formed in 1945. The field of view of this international structure is environmental problems in the field of agriculture and world food resources. The range of activities of FAO is the rational use of natural resources, the protection and use of land, wildlife, forests, biological resources of the oceans. FAO prepared a soil map of the world, thanks to the FAO initiative, the World Soil Charter was adopted, international conferences were held on population, food, combating land desertification, and protecting water resources. FAO participates in the preparation of international and regional environmental programs along with UNEP, UNESCO, IUCN. In 1947 it was created United Nations World Meteorological Organization (WMO), whose task is to study and analyze the factors of human impact on the weather and climate not only of the planet, but also of individual regions. WMO operates under global environmental monitoring system (GEMS). UNEP acts as the coordinator of the system. In GEMS, along with WMO, WHO, FAO, UNESCO are represented. Within the framework of the GEMS system, the following programs:* Monitoring the state of the atmosphere; * transboundary air pollution; * human health; * World Ocean; * Renewable land resources.

June 5, 2015

Nature protection in our region is the most important set of measures in the current difficult environmental situation, which is observed in many regions of the country. Such activities are carried out not only in Russia. There are a huge number of international organizations that control the state of the environment throughout the Earth.

Organizations for the protection of nature in Russia

Protecting the environment is something everyone should do. Often, due to irresponsible and negligent attitude towards the world around you, man-made disasters and mass pollution occur. It is necessary to protect nature both on a private and global scale. Everything starts small. Everyone should control themselves and their loved ones, not litter, take care of nature, etc.

Nature conservation in our region is regulated by the actions of many organizations that specialize in this. The main ones are listed below:

  • VOOP - All-Russian Society for the Protection of Nature.
  • Ecological movement "Greens".
  • RREC - Russian Regional Environmental Center.
  • "Green Cross" and others.

The WOOP was founded in 1924 and is still active today. The main goal of society is the preservation of the environment. Participants carry out a set of measures to maintain the diversity of fauna and flora. The society is engaged in the education of the population, the introduction of environmental education into the masses. Participants advise the subjects of nature management, are engaged in environmental activities and much more.

The environmental movement in Russia is a relatively new phenomenon. In 1994, the "Green" society was founded, which appeared on the basis of the "Kedr" organization. Until 2009, the so-called environmental political party operated, but later its activities were terminated. The "Green" movement considers its goal to change the attitude of the state and the population towards the outside world. Participants believe that only organized political measures can achieve results.

The RREC appeared only in 2000. The center was approved by the Academy of Civil Service and the European Commission under the President of the Russian Federation. The purpose of establishing the RREC was to establish links with similar centers in other countries. This is necessary to promote cutting-edge ideas for the well-being of life. Thanks to dialogues between environmental organizations, it is possible to stabilize the state of Russia, introduce and promote standards and methods for environmental protection.

The non-governmental organization "Green Cross" also appeared not so long ago - in 1994. The goal of the participants is to educate the population of the ability to live in a good neighborhood with nature.

International Organizations for the Conservation of Nature

There are many such communities all over the world. The most famous are:

  • "Greenpeace".
  • Wildlife Fund.
  • International "Green Cross".
  • International Union for the Conservation of Nature, etc.

Nature protection measures

The Law on Nature Protection says that everyone must conserve, rationally use and, if possible, restore natural resources.

It is necessary to maintain the purity of waters, forests, atmosphere, take care of the world around us - representatives of flora and fauna, etc. There are certain measures to protect nature:

  1. Economic.
  2. Natural sciences.
  3. Technical and production.
  4. Administrative.

Government programs to protect the environment play a huge role for the Earth as a whole. In some regions, excellent results have been achieved. But you need to understand that everything takes more than one year. A prime example is the conservation program to clean up the waters in the Great Lakes. A few years later, her successful outcome is evident. However, this set of measures was very costly.

Similar measures are being taken at the regional level. In 1868, a decision was made in Lvov to protect marmots and chamois living freely in the Tatras. Thanks to the meeting of the Diet and the decisions made, animals began to be protected and saved from extinction.



In connection with the current environmental situation, it was necessary to take a set of measures that limited the use of natural resources in industry, etc. The use of pesticides was prohibited. The set of measures also included measures to:

  • land restoration;
  • creation of reserves;
  • cleaning up the environment;
  • streamlining the use of chemicals, etc.

"Greenpeace"

Nature protection in our region is largely based on the principles of work of international organizations, although it is of a regional nature. "Greenpeace" - the most famous community, which has offices in 47 countries around the world. The main office is located in Amsterdam. The current director is Kumi Naidu. The staff of the organization is 2500 people. But Greenpeace also employs volunteers, there are about 12,000 of them. Participants promote an environmentally friendly lifestyle, urge people to protect and protect the environment. Problems that Greenpeace seek to solve:

  • preservation of the Arctic;
  • climate change, fight against warming;
  • whaling;
  • radiation, etc.



International Union for Conservation of Nature

International organizations for the protection of nature appeared at different times. In 1948, the World Union was established. This is an international non-profit organization whose main goal is to preserve the diversity of representatives of the animal and plant world. More than 82 countries have joined the union. More than 111 governmental and 800 non-governmental institutions have been opened. The organization employs more than 10,000 scientists from all over the world. Members of the union believe that it is necessary to preserve the integrity and diversity of the natural world. Resources should be used evenly. The organization includes 6 scientific commissions.

WWF

Nature protection in our region is an integral part of the international fund. This public organization, which is engaged in the conservation of wildlife throughout the world, considers its mission to achieve balance, harmony between man and everything that surrounds him. The Fund's symbol is a giant panda, which is listed in the Red Book. The organization hosts many activities, including:

  • forest program;
  • protection of rare species;
  • climate program;
  • ecologization of oil and gas fields, etc.

Nature protection in our region is the duty of every inhabitant of the country. Only together can the natural grandeur of the surrounding world be preserved intact.

Currently, there are more than several hundred different international organizations in the world - intergovernmental and non-governmental, dealing with environmental issues. The most authoritative of them is the United Nations (UN). One of the most important areas of its activity is cooperation in the field of nature protection. The UN has developed and adopted special principles for environmental protection, which are reflected, in particular, in the Declaration of the UN Stockholm Conference (1972) and in the World Charter for Nature

The following specialized agencies operate under the UN - international intergovernmental organizations for environmental protection.

UNEP(UNEP - United Nations Environment Program) - UN Environment Program. It has been operating since 1972 and is the main subsidiary body of the UN. The main activities of UNEP: human health, environmental sanitation; protection of lands, waters, prevention of desertification; protection of nature, wild animals, genetic resources; education, training; trade, economics, technology.

UNESCO(UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization . It exists since 1946. It was created to promote peace and international security, cooperation of states in the field of education, science and education. It organizes the study of the environment and its resources, manages environmental programs in which more than 100 states are involved. The most famous is the long-term intergovernmental program "Man and the Biosphere". The scope of UNESCO's activities also includes accounting for and organizing the protection of natural objects classified as world heritage, assisting in the development of environmental education and the training of environmental specialists.

WHO- World Health Organization. Established in 1946. Deals with environmental health issues, combating air pollution. Directions of WHO activities: sanitary and epidemiological monitoring of the environment, analysis of statistical data on the incidence of people in connection with the state of the environment, sanitary and hygienic examination of the environment, analysis of its quality.

FAO(FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) - World Food Organization. Founded in 1945. Deals with food security issues in individual countries and around the world. FAO activities: rational use of natural resources, protection and use of land, wildlife, forests, biological resources of the oceans.

WMO - World Meteorological Organization. It has been operating since 1951. It is engaged in the analysis of climate changes associated with environmental pollution, the study of the process of transport of pollutants in the biosphere. WMO operates within the framework of the global environmental monitoring system (GEMS). In turn, within the framework of GEMS, programs are being implemented to monitor the state of the atmosphere, transboundary air pollution, human health, the state of the World Ocean, and the conservation of renewable land resources.

IAEA– International Atomic Energy Agency. At established in 1957 . Operates under the auspices of the UN, but is not its specialized agency. Implements the program "Nuclear Safety and Environmental Protection". The main activities of the IAEA: the development of rules for the construction and operation of nuclear power plants, the examination of designed and operating nuclear power plants, the assessment of the impact of radioactive materials on the environment, the establishment of radiation safety standards.

Among the most famous non-governmental international organizations include the following.

International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources(IUCN). Established in 1948. Promotes cooperation between governments, national and international organizations, and individuals on issues of nature protection and conservation of natural resources. IUCN prepared International Red Book(10 volumes). Objectives of the IUCN: implementation of regional programs for the protection of the natural environment; preservation of natural ecosystems, flora and fauna; preservation of rare and endangered species of plants and animals, natural monuments; organization of nature reserves, reserves, national natural parks; environmental education.

WWF - the largest private international environmental organization. Established in 1961, the Fund's activities are mainly to provide financial support for environmental protection activities. More than $12 million has already been invested in Russia's environmental projects.

Roman club– international non-governmental organization. It was founded in 1968. The main form of its activity is the organization of large-scale research on a wide range of problems, mainly in the socio-economic field, including such issues as the depletion of natural resources, environmental pollution, population, and economic growth.

Greenpeace - an independent public organization that aims to prevent environmental degradation. Created in Canada in 1971. It has the status of a full member or an official observer in a number of international conventions on environmental protection; has branches in 32 countries of the world, including Russia, where its official representative office has been operating since 1992.

International environmental law

International environmental law (international environmental law, international environmental law) is a set of norms and principles designed to regulate international relations in the field of environmental protection in order to protect and rationally use natural resources.

International cooperation is manifested in two directions: 1) the creation of norms designed to protect individual natural objects; 2) supervising that this or that activity of a state or an international organization takes place taking into account the consequences of this activity for the environment, and, if possible, prevents and reduces harm from the implementation of this activity.

The objects of international legal protection include: water resources, atmosphere, ecosystems, Antarctica and soil.

Interstate cooperation in the field of environmental safety is carried out within the framework of the activities of a number of international organizations. Depending on the nature and areas of activity, goals and objectives, they can be differentiated into several groups:

1) environmental protection, solving the problems of the Earth (UNEP, IUCN);

2) integrated environmental monitoring (FAO, WHO, WMO);

3) special environmental protection measures (protection of wildlife, fish stocks, international lakes, rivers, safety of nuclear energy sources with the coordinating role of the IAEA, etc.).

UN.Protection of the natural environment- one of the priority goals of the United Nations and its specialized agencies, as provided for by the Charter of this organization. In addition, the UN is called upon to assist in resolving international problems in the field of economic, social life, health care, raising the standard of living of the population, and observing human rights. The UN has played a leading role in developing the following forms of interstate cooperation in the field of nature protection:

1) participation in international conventions;

2) signing agreements on carrying out environmental protection measures and implementing various projects;

3) holding international conferences on topical environmental issues;

development of environmental concepts, ways of implementing international programs.

UNEP. The structure of UNEP consists of the Board of Governors (it includes representatives of the member states), the Council for the Coordination of Environmental Protection, and the Environment Fund.

IUCN. In 1948, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) was formed - a non-governmental interstate organization representing over 100 countries, non-governmental organizations and international governmental organizations.



The priority task of IUCN is the development of international cooperation between states, national and international organizations, as well as citizens in order to:

1) implementation of regional programs for the protection of the natural environment;

2) conservation of natural ecosystems, flora and fauna;

3) conservation of rare and endangered species of plants and animals, natural monuments;

4) organization of nature reserves, reserves, national natural parks;

5) environmental education.

WHO. The World Health Organization (WHO), founded in 1946, coordinates the solution of human health issues in relation to the problems of its interaction with the environment. Directions of WHO activities: sanitary and epidemiological monitoring of the environment;

1) analysis of statistical data on the incidence of people in connection with the state of the environment;

2) sanitary and hygienic examination of the environment, analysis of its quality.

WHO explores ways and means of solving the problems of improving cities, organizing recreation and sanatorium treatment of citizens, participates in the implementation of international programs to improve the sanitary and hygienic conditions of human life. In order to effectively address the most pressing challenges, WHO interacts with UNEP, the IAEA, WMO and other interstate structures.

FAO. The United Nations specialized organization in the field of agriculture and food FAO was founded in 1945. The field of view of this international structure is environmental problems in the field of agriculture and world food resources. The range of activities of FAO is the rational use of natural resources, the protection and use of land, wildlife, forests, biological resources of the oceans.

FAO prepared a soil map of the world, thanks to the FAO initiative, the World Soil Charter was adopted, international conferences were held on population, food, combating land desertification, and protecting water resources. FAO

participates in the preparation of international and regional environmental programs along with UNEP, UNESCO, IUCN.

WMO. In 1947, the UN World Meteorological Organization (WMO) was established, whose task is to study and analyze the factors of human impact on the weather and climate not only of the planet, but also of individual regions. WMO operates within the framework of the global environmental monitoring system (GEMS). UNEP acts as the coordinator of the system. In GEMS, along with WMO, WHO, FAO, UNESCO are represented.

Greenpeace(English Greenpeace - "green world") is an international public environmental organization founded in Vancouver, Canada on September 15, 1971 by David McTaggart.

The main goal is to achieve a solution to global environmental problems, including by attracting the attention of the public and authorities to them.

Greenpeace exists only at the expense of donations from supporters and fundamentally does not accept financial assistance from government agencies, political parties or businesses.

World Wildlife Fund(Eng. World Wide Fund for Nature) is an international public organization working in areas related to the conservation, research and restoration of the environment.

The mission of the World Wildlife Fund is to prevent the growing degradation of the planet's natural environment and achieve harmony between man and nature. The main goal is to preserve the biological diversity of the Earth.