Weapons for the elite: what does the FSB special forces and the Belarusian Alfa. Armament of the special unit "Alpha" Firearms FSB
Good day, airsoft players, militarists and all those who are not indifferent. Today we begin a series of articles about various law enforcement agencies. It will be about both the Russian special units and the special forces of the rest of the civilized world. We will touch on the interesting features of a particular squad, learn about training regimes, standards and similar things that may be of interest to both airsoft players and people who are simply not indifferent to the military theme. We decided to start with the guys who serve in the special forces of the Federal Security Service, that is, the FSB.
Naturally, there is no complete information about the training of FSB special forces fighters and will not be in the public domain, which is logical in principle. However, a certain amount of knowledge nevertheless became public knowledge and thanks to it we can at least imagine a little how much tasks and how difficult the goals are for those who serve in the FSB special forces unit.
The FSB special forces are not at all a single consolidated detachment. The special forces of the FSB of Russia include a fairly large number of units. In fact, the FSB special forces include many Regional Special Purpose Departments, and have representative offices in such cities as Khabarovsk, Vladivostok, Irkutsk, Nizhny Novgorod (the second department in Sarov), Yekaterinburg "Malachite", Novosibirsk and many others.
Of course, the most recognizable and famous are the special forces of the Directorate "A" (Alpha), Directorate "B" (Vympel). The glory must be said to be well-deserved - a vivid confirmation of this can be considered the performance of ALPHA fighters at the international competitions Super SWAT International Round-Up 2011, where the guys took two first places at once, and the title of the best international team.
In general, the Alpha Group initially consisted of only 13 people, and their main task was to protect the diplomatic missions of the Seventh Directorate of the KGB of the USSR. By the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union, the number of Group A, taking into account regional divisions, was already about 500 people.
A celebrity and wide publicity, and the very name "Alpha" acquired in 1991 - by the way, the name came out with a light suggestion from journalists, and eventually took root.
A very wide range of tasks is set before the employees of the special forces of Directorate "A". Just look at the incomplete list of countries where the guys had to perform combat missions. In addition to Russia, Alpha fighters managed to visit countries such as Cuba, Jordan, Afghanistan, Switzerland, USA, Israel, England, France, Canada...
FSB special forces training, as a rule, is carried out in non-standard conditions in order to prepare the fighters for an adequate response, regardless of the circumstances - this includes not only a variety of kill-house variations and a standard set of exercises aimed at improving small arms skills, but also joint training with other units, and not only from Russia. Naturally, the FSB special forces also have their own developments in terms of training and tactics - the most effective things are state secrets and are not subject to disclosure.
Since the 70s, almost all the most modern models of special small arms have passed through the hands of Alpha. Pistols, rifles, machine guns - all this wide range of weapons goes to the guys from Alpha, and the best examples remain there on a permanent basis. The group's employees use the most technologically advanced body armor and other protective equipment with the highest level of protection. The soldiers are trained to use in the operation not only the most modern domestic machine guns, machine guns and sniper rifles, but also samples of foreign weapons. In special cases, Alpha does not disdain even crossbows and other exotic weapons and equipment.
Despite all the secrecy in terms of training and training of special forces, some information is still available to ordinary citizens. For example, on the network you can stumble upon the staffing standards of the FSB special forces.
Standards and requirements for combat and physical training for FSB special forces
- Run 100 m. (Shuttle run 10 to 10) - 12.7 s (25 sec)
- Cross 3000 m - 11.00 min
- Push-ups from the floor - 90
- Pull up - 25
- Press (lying on your back, flexion-extension of the body) - 100
- Bench press (own weight, but not more than 100 kg) - 10 times
Brief summary of hand-to-hand combat standards for FSB special forces operatives
- Demonstration of the technique of punches, kicks - 2 min. On a boxing bag
- Sparring according to free rules with throws and painful holds - 3 fights of 3 minutes each.
- Jumping up with a change of legs - 90
Other standards for special forces soldiers of the FSB of Russia
Complex-strength exercise (performed sequentially 8 times: - 10 push-ups from the floor, 10 times the press, 10 times the emphasis squatting - emphasis lying, 10 jumping up from the emphasis crouching). 8 reps (no pause)
It should be noted that all exercises are performed alternately without rest breaks!
A significant part of the operatives of the Alpha group are able to drive all types of vehicles, are familiar with the management of a huge number of types of armored vehicles, and have special mountaineering and diving training. A separate category of Alpha special forces employees have serious flight training skills. All this is designed to solve the most important and important task - to neutralize and eliminate the terrorist threat and at the same time save the lives of people who have become hostages in the hands of terrorists.
Finally, I would like to tell the reenactors a note - if you are going to get used to the image of Alpha, then try to pay serious attention to physical training. Alpha is primarily skills and endurance, and only then equipment and weapons.
Weapons for special forces have always been elite, some samples were produced in small batches, others almost individually, such as, for example, the ShAK-12 assault rifle system (uses powerful 12.7 × 55 mm cartridges), the SKTs-9 sniper complex, the Blizzard machine gun " and others.
Some of these weapons were shown at an exhibition organized during the Cyber-Antiterror-2016 exercises. 42.TUT.BY chose the most interesting samples.
When Ksyusha needs SIG Sauer
The stand of the Special Training Center was literally bursting with a variety of weapons and equipment. Employees of the organization train all special forces units of Belarus. Since 2007 - training of special forces of foreign states.
The head of the training department of the CSP, Vladimir Evdokimov, said that special requirements are imposed on the weapons used by the specialists of the center, so the cost of the “body kit” is often several times higher than the price of the machine itself, as was the case with the AKMS, AKS74U, Vepr-12 carbines shown at the stand and Vepr-1V.
Mostly Russian weapons are used in the center. In addition to machine guns, carbines and sniper rifles, MP and IZH-71 pistols are used to train personnel, with Russian-assembled Glock on the way.
According to Vladimir Evdokimov, these pistols are in no way inferior to the Glocks assembled abroad, the only problems were with the cartridges of the Barnaul plant with a metal sleeve. When using the latter, the shutter quickly breaks, unlike brass.
Accuracy is the key to success
If in the DSP they prefer to use expensive American devices, then ordinary army units choose cheaper products, and here the sights of the Belarusian unitary enterprise "NTC" LEMT "BELOMO" are very popular.
In the hands of the head of the commercial department of LEMT, Nikolai Surko, is a POSP 12 × 50 sight, which is capable of withstanding 5,000 shots from a large-caliber sniper rifle.
The specialists of the company have developed the PC-28S sight for the AK-12 assault rifle, which is part of the Russian equipment of the future soldier "Warrior", as well as the sight for the Russian RPG-32 "Nashshab" grenade launcher system manufactured by Jadara Equipment and Defense Company, and many others.
10,000 hours on one battery
The PC-28S sight was developed specifically for the Russian AK-12 assault rifle. The requirements for the collimator were quite strict - the Belarusian product had to withstand the recoil when firing from the GP-25 underbarrel grenade launcher. It was necessary to expand the field of view, to make the device as compact as possible, shorter and more unpretentious.
The sight is made in a closed hermetic case and is able to work in any climatic conditions. The PC-28S is capable of withstanding a shock load of 1000g, for comparison: conventional scopes are designed with an ultimate strength of 300-500g.
The sight for the "Warrior" is able to work on one ordinary finger-type battery for 10,000 hours. But even with a minimum battery charge, the PC-28S sight is able to function by adjusting the brightness depending on the degree of battery discharge.
Maximum protection
When assaulting urban high-rise buildings, it is impossible to hide behind the armor of an armored personnel carrier, so it is best to carry armor with you, and it weighs a lot. In the photo below - a bulletproof shield placed at the stand of the NPO KlaASS enterprise.
According to the head of the marketing department, Irina Maysarova, the Buckler-K-R ceramic-composite shield is able to protect against a B-32 armor-piercing incendiary bullet fired from an SVD rifle at point-blank range. The shield glass holds a 7.62 mm OPS bullet.
The Spetsnaz body armor is capable of resisting the fire of a Kalashnikov assault rifle almost point-blank. The vest is equipped with an emergency release system, operated with one hand. On the outer side of the outer covers there are rows of belt loops in the form of horizontal stripes for attaching pouches with elements of weapons and special equipment, as well as shoulder rests for carrying weapons. The weight of "Spetsnaz" can reach up to 14 kg.
Weapons for the FSB
The ShAK-12 assault rifle system was created by order of the Russian FSB as a highly effective melee weapon. Due to the large caliber (12.7 × 55 mm cartridges are used in the machine), a high stopping effect of the bullet is ensured.
Weighs ShAK-12 - 4.5 kg without cartridges, there are two types of stores for the machine - for 10 and 20 cartridges. Fire from weapons can be fired by single shots or bursts.
The ammunition used is PD-12 subsonic bullets (a cartridge with a double (duplex) bullet, two bullets are inserted one into the other), supersonic bullets with a high stopping power PS-12A (a cartridge with a light aluminum bullet, at a distance of 100 meters it loses speed so much that unable to kill a person, such as a random civilian).
PS-12B - this cartridge is capable of penetrating most body armor and is even dangerous for lightly armored vehicles.
No silencer, but silent
The PSS-2 is an upgraded version of the Russian PSS "Vul" silent pistol. The novelty surpasses its predecessor twice in terms of the power of the bullet at the target.
PSS-2 fires specially designed for him silent cartridges with locking powder gases in the sleeve. The weight of the pistol is 850 g, the caliber is 7.62 mm, the muzzle velocity is 300 m/s, and the weight is 10 g.
Only for special forces snipers
The 9-mm target sniper complex SKTs-9 is designed to engage enemy personnel at a distance of up to 1000 m. It includes a SR4 sniper rifle and a specially designed 9 × 69 SP14 cartridge.
The weapon provides accuracy at the level of 1MOA, reloading is carried out manually, it is possible to install a silencer. The rifle weighs about six kilograms, the length with a silencer is 1490 mm, without - 1230 mm. The initial speed of the bullet is 860 m / s.
I wish you a pleasant study.
Sincerely, Ermak
Weapons used by TsSN FSB RF
The main feature of the weapons of the Anti-Terrorist and Intelligence Centers of the FSB is the supply of military personnel with some foreign copies.
Earlier, many said that the TsSN FSB is arming itself with trophy items. Today, this news can be refuted. Now the ministry has a number of sponsors, which supplies foreign weapons.
But to say that the FSB is really armed mainly with NATO models is stupid, because. they are armed with only a small part of foreign sniper rifles, shotguns and a few samples of pistols.
According to some reports, since 2010, the FSB has refused to use foreign submachine guns and terminated a contract with a well-known European military corporation to supply Sig Sauer brand pistols to Russia, considering them not so effective. In addition, the famous "Rooks" (Yarygin Pistols) rushed to replace them en masse.
Below is the armament of the TsSN FSB of the Russian Federation. (Later I will add shotguns!)
(!) Did not add underwater weapons. I think that it is not necessary for modeling, and such airsoft samples cannot be found, if only on order.
AUTOMATIC:
1) Automatic 9A-91
https://oruzie.su/automatic/1506-9a-91
2) Automatic AEK-971
https://oruzie.su/automatic/1526-aek-971
3) Kalashnikov assault rifles (Modernizations and modifications):
AK-47
https://oruzie.su/automatic/1717-ak
AKM
https://oruzie.su/automatic/1532-akm
AK-74
https://oruzie.su/automatic/1527-ak-74
AK-74M
https://oruzie.su/automatic/1528-ak-74m
AKS-74U
https://oruzie.su/automatic/1533-aks-74u
AK 107 and AK 108
https://oruzie.su/automatic/1531-ak-107
AK-101, AK-103
https://oruzie.su/automatic/1529-ak-101
AK-102, AK-104, AK-105
https://oruzie.su/automatic/1530-ak-102
4) Nikonov AN-94 assault rifle
https://oruzie.su/automatic/1534-an-94
5) Automatic AS Val
https://oruzie.su/automatic/1536-as
6) Automatic CP-3 "Whirlwind"
https://oruzie.su/automatic/1540-vihr
-OTs - 11 "Teess"
https://gunsite.narod.ru/tiss.htm
7) Silent shooting and grenade launcher complex "Canary"
https://oruzie.su/automatic/1537-kanareyka
8) Small-sized automatic machine A-91
https://oruzie.su/automatic/1525-a91
9) OTs-03AS sniper machine (not to be confused with IEDs!)
https://oruzie.su/automatic/1538-oc-03as
10) Shooting and grenade launcher complex "Silence"
https://oruzie.su/automatic/2153-tishina
11) Shooting and grenade launcher complex OTs-14 "Groza"
https://oruzie.su/automatic/1539-groza
12) Shooting grenade launcher complex TKB-0239
https://oruzie.su/automatic/1541-tkb-0239
RIFLES:
13) AW-50 rifle
https://oruzie.su/rifles/1557-aw-50
14) Large-caliber rifle Falcon OP 96
https://oruzie.su/rifles/1561-op-96
15) Special sniper rifle VSS "Vintorez"
https://oruzie.su/rifles/1569-vss
16) Barrett M82A1 sniper rifle
https://oruzie.su/rifles/1559-barrett
-large-caliber sniper rifle Stoner SR-50
https://eragun.org/usa/magvint/vinma_12.html
-large-caliber sniper rifle Barrett M90
https://eragun.org/usa/magvint/vinma_12_03.html
-large-caliber sniper rifle Barrett XM 500
https://eragun.org/usa/magvint/vinma_12_10.html
-large-caliber sniper rifle Barrett M99
https://eragun.org/usa/magvint/vinma_12_17.html
17) Covert Sniper Rifle
https://oruzie.su/rifles/2184-covert
18) DSR-1 sniper rifle
https://oruzie.su/rifles/1560-dsr-1
19) Erma SR100 sniper rifle
https://oruzie.su/rifles/2071-sr100
20) Super Magnum Sniper Rifle
https://oruzie.su/rifles/2182-super-magnum
21) ASVK sniper rifle
https://oruzie.su/rifles/1558-asvk
22) VSK-94 sniper rifle
https://oruzie.su/rifles/1568-vsk-94
23) KSVK sniper rifle
https://oruzie.su/rifles/1570-ksvk
Large-caliber sniper rifle B-94
https://eragun.org/ross/mahvin/vintma_21.html
24) OSV-96 sniper rifle
https://oruzie.su/rifles/1572-osv-96
25) OTs-44 sniper rifle
https://oruzie.su/rifles/2112-oc44
Large-caliber sniper rifle VSSK Exhaust
https://eragun.org/ross/mahvin/vintma_20.html
26) SV-98 sniper rifle
https://oruzie.su/rifles/1574-sv-98
27) SVD sniper rifle
https://oruzie.su/rifles/1576-svd
SVDS sniper rifle
https://oruzie.su/rifles/1577-svds
SVU AS sniper rifle
https://oruzie.su/rifles/1579-svu-as
PISTOLS:
28) Automatic pistol OTs-23 "Dart"
https://oruzie.su/pistols/1694-oc-23
29) Automatic pistol OTs-33 "Pernach"
https://oruzie.su/pistols/1696-oc-33
30) Pistol Yarygin "Rook"
https://oruzie.su/pistols/1705-grach
31) Pistol 6P35
https://oruzie.su/pistols/2103-6p35
32) Five-seveN Pistol
https://oruzie.su/pistols/1677-five-seven
33) Glock 17 Pistol
https://oruzie.su/pistols/1678-glock-17
34) Pistol MP 444 "Bagheera"
https://oruzie.su/pistols/1683-mp-444
Pistol MP 445 "Varyag"
https://oruzie.su/pistols/1700-mp-445
Pistol MP 446 "Viking"
https://oruzie.su/pistols/1684-mp-446
Pistol MP 448 "Skif"
https://oruzie.su/pistols/1692-mp-446
35) Silent pistol PB
https://oruzie.su/pistols/1699-pb
36) Pistol OTs-27 "Berdysh"
https://oruzie.su/pistols/1695-oc-27
37) P-96S pistol
https://oruzie.su/pistols/1698-p-96c
38) Pistol SR-1 "Gyurza"
https://oruzie.su/pistols/1709-gurza
39) Pistol APS
https://oruzie.su/pistols/1690-aps
40) Pistol SPS
https://oruzie.su/pistols/1708-sps
SUB-GUN GUNS:
41) Submachine gun OTs-22
https://oruzie.su/pp/1657-oc-22
42) Submachine gun "Bizon-2"
https://oruzie.su/pp/1652-bizon
43) Vityaz submachine gun
https://oruzie.su/pp/2134-vityaz
Submachine gun Vityaz-SN
https://gunsite.narod.ru/vitaz_sn.htm
44) Submachine gun "Kedr-B"
https://oruzie.su/pp/1654-kedr
45) Cypress Special Submachine Gun
https://oruzie.su/pp/1655-kiparis
46) AEK 918 submachine gun
https://oruzie.su/pp/1651-aek-918
47) Submachine gun AEK 919 "Chestnut"
https://oruzie.su/pp/1653-aek-919
48) Submachine gun OTs-39
https://oruzie.su/pp/1658-oc-39
49) OTs-39P submachine gun
https://oruzie.su/pp/1659-oc-39p
50) Submachine gun PP 2000
https://oruzie.su/pp/2142-pp-2000
51) Submachine gun PP 9 "Klin"
https://oruzie.su/pp/1656-klin
52) PP-90M1 submachine gun
https://oruzie.su/pp/1661-pp-90m1
53) Submachine gun SR-2 "Veresk"
https://oruzie.su/pp/1665-sr-2
MACHINE GUNS:
54) Single machine gun AEK 999 "Badger"
https://oruzie.su/machine-gun/1623-aek-999
55) Modernized machine gun Kalashnikov PKM
https://oruzie.su/machine-gun/1631-pkm
Modernized machine gun Kalashnikov PKM Stankovy
https://oruzie.su/machine-gun/1633-pkms
56) Machine gun "Pecheneg"
https://oruzie.su/machine-gun/1630-pecheneg
57) Kalashnikov light machine gun upgraded RPK-74M
https://oruzie.su/machine-gun/1638-rpk-74m
Kalashnikov RPK light machine gun
https://oruzie.su/machine-gun/1636-rpk
Kalashnikov light machine gun RPK-74
https://oruzie.su/machine-gun/1637-rpk-74
Grenade launchers:
58) Automatic easel grenade launcher AGS 30
https://oruzie.su/grenade/1592-ags-30
59) Magazine grenade launcher GM 94
https://oruzie.su/grenade/1593-gm-94
60) Grenade launcher "Showcase"
https://oruzie.su/grenade/2152-vitrina
61) 6G30 revolver grenade launcher
https://oruzie.su/grenade/1581-6g30
62) Hand grenade "knuckles"
https://oruzie.su/grenade/1589-kastet
63) RGS 50M hand grenade launcher
https://oruzie.su/grenade/1594-rgs-50m
64) RPG-18 "Fly" hand grenade launcher
https://oruzie.su/grenade/1597-rpg-18
65) Hand grenade launcher RPG-22 "Net"
https://oruzie.su/grenade/1598-rpg-22
66) RPG-26 "Aglen" hand grenade launcher
https://oruzie.su/grenade/1599-rpg-26
67) RPG-27 "Tavolga" hand grenade launcher
https://oruzie.su/grenade/1600-rpg-27
68) Hand grenade launcher DP-64 "Nepryadva"
https://oruzie.su/grenade/2045-dp64
69) Underbarrel grenade launchers GP - 25 and GP-30
https://gunsite.narod.ru/gp25_30.htm
EQUIPMENT USED BY TsSN FSB RF
"" TsSN FSB RF """
It is worth starting a discussion of the topic from 2004, from the moment of the tragedy in Beslan.
Since then, a large amount of video and photographic material has appeared on the Internet, testifying to the tactics, dexterity, equipment and weapons of the TsSN FSB of the Russian Federation.
There is enough material about this department to do modeling. More information only in the archives of the department itself.
Let's take a look at the highlights
As you know, the FSB has three departments. A, B, and C (pronounced "ES", not "C").
The departments of Alfa and Vympel took part in the release of the hostages.
Consider control gear "A":
Uniform: KLMV "Partizan" (Frog) in "SS-Summer" colors; uniform in Woodland colors.
Shoes - Crispy.
Armor protection:
Slam - "Altyn", "Lynx" and TIG.
Bullet-proof vests by FORT Technologies, models OK DEFENDER, Redoubt M and Redoubt T5.
Unloading: RPS "Smersh".
Armament - AK74S, AKMS, VALs, VSs, SR-3 "Whirlwind", "Aglen", "Bumblebee".
For the first time, Lobaev's sniper rifles - OVL and SVL, which had just entered service, were used.
Consider control "B".
Form: KLMV "Partizan" (Frog) in the colors "Dusk" and "Mabuta" Glass.
Shoes - Crispy.
Armor protection: Helmets - Lynx, TIG and Altyn.
Body armor - FORT models "OK DEFENDER".
Unloading: SPLAV bibs not considered by us and on several fighters of the SSO "Huntsmen" with toggles.
Armament - AK74S, AKMS, "Aglen", "Bumblebee".
Since Department "A" has sponsorship, and Department "B" does not, the equipment of Department "B" has survived to this day almost unchanged.
Therefore, in the following, we will consider only the equipment of Directorate "A", as representing the greatest interest to us.
2005 - 2007
The shape is constantly changing:
Black, Gorki-R, KLMK "Birch" (.....) KLMV "Partizan" in the colors "SS-Summer", KLMV "Partizan" in the colors "Dusk", Woodland, "Vertical", Multicam.
Perhaps, 2008 can be called a turning point in the supply of Department "A".
The sponsors have finally arrived!
This explains the emergence of outlandish and not inherent in domestic special forces equipment. The AK-series has undergone modernization and began to be massively “weighted” with RIS handguards and handguards. There were MAGPUL CTR stocks with SWAT ARMS adapters and the like, EoTech 551 holographic sights and 552 TDI tactical grips.
By the way, it was from the pennant that the name "Pokemon" came from.
Let us recall the shooting competitions among special forces officers dedicated to the tenth anniversary of the Central Security Service of the FSB of Russia. September 2008
Clothing - Assault overalls from SRVV.
ShoesCrispy, BatesandAltama.
Bulletproof vests - FORT "OK DEFENDER" and "Redoubts" (because special orders with individual fitting went, it is not possible to distinguish "Redoubt T5" from "Redoubt M").
Unloading: Molles from CAMELBAK, BlackHawk and SRVV. The KZ molle platforms used by us with Default are an exact copy (not a replica, but a copy) of the BlackHawk platforms, with the only difference that there are no BlackHawk checks and the cost is almost 4 times less.
Armament (not specifically for competitions, but for the period of 2008) - AK74S, SHAFTS, VSSy, Whirlwinds, PYa, SVL / OVL.
2009 - 20010
ShoesCrispy, BatesandAltama.
Helmets - Altyn, LSHZ-2DT, LSHZ-2DT M, Mask-4.
Unloading: Molle platforms from BlackHawk, SRVV and SSO.
Armament - AK74S, SHAFTS, VSsy, Whirlwinds, PYA, SVL / OVL.
The AK103 and AK104 were also put into service.
Let's summarize this.
Since we are not modeling a specific time period yet, equipment from different years is still allowed.
In terms of equipment that is suitable for quality and convenience, as well as really used, we can list:
Clothing - Assault overalls from SRVV and French Nomex black and blue overalls, Multicam from CRYE PRECISION (for the contingent operating in Dagestan), KLMV "Partizan" in the colors "Twilight" and "SS-Summer", Gorka-R, Gorka-D, the good old Flora is back.
ShoesCrispy, BatesandAltama.
Helmets - Altyn, LShZ-2 DT, LShZ-2 DT M (" Volcano"), Mask-4.
Bulletproof vests - FORT models "OK DEFENDER" and "Redoubt" (because special orders with individual fitting went, it is not possible to distinguish "Redoubt T5" from "Redoubt M").
Armored suits - fire and heat-resistant overalls FORT "Python", anti-fragment overalls "Sokol" and FORT "Reid-L".
Armored shields - VANT LM and VANT LM from FORT Technologies.
Unloading: Molles platforms from CAMELBAK, BlackHawk, SRVV and SSO.
Armament - AK74S, SHAFTS, VSsy, Whirlwinds, PYa, SVL / OVL, AK103 and AK104.
An example of an unloading and body armor platform: https://granit.0pk.ru/viewtopic.php?id=31
Types of camouflage used by the Central Security Service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation: https://www.airsoftgunspb.ru/forum/index.php?showtopic=30856
For teams modeling the CSN of the FSB of the Russian Federation at the present stage:
:: MANDATORY FOREST EQUIPMENT::
Protective glasses
red bandage
Statutory headdress with masking properties.
High top boots
Gloves with maximum masking properties.
knee pads
Unloading system (preferably in "Spectrum" coloring)
First aid kit (iodine, bandage, gauze pads, cotton wool, painkillers and other drugs of the fighter’s choice)
Notepad with pencil or pen
Flashlight with interchangeable filters
Water tank (hydration system or flask)
Training rubber knife
Navigation system - GPS (compass initially)
Multitool (or equivalents)
Additional means of disguise such as scarves, nets, etc., as well as means of disguising parts of weapons, and especially magazines and overlays.
The rest is seats, joint protectors, etc. - optional.
:: MANDATORY EQUIPMENT FOR BUILDINGS::
Protective glasses
Uniform colors "FPS" or "Spectrum" depending on the department.
red bandage
Helmet 6b27
Bulletproof vest (Defender 2)
High top boots
Gloves with maximum finger protection.
knee pads
The unloading system is desirable in the colors "Spectrum".
Radio station operating in the range of 400-470 MHz
It is often called "Gyurza". And although in the official documents of the Russian Ministry of Defense, the Serdyukov self-loading pistol is not called that, it is sold for export exactly as the Model 055C GYURZA. According to its characteristics, this gun can rightly be called the most penetrating in the world.
2016
The designer, whose name the pistol is named after, Pyotr Ivanovich Serdyukov, made a revolutionary breakthrough in the design of domestic pistols. But only experts know about it.
The widely known and most massive TT and PM pistols (Tulsky Tokarev and Makarov pistol) cannot be considered completely domestic. When creating the TT, the Browning pistol was taken as the basis, and the PM is a redesigned Walter police officer. Once they were good, but with the development of individual body armor, they completely lost their power.
The need for a new officer's personal weapon arose in the late 1980s, back in the USSR.
The pistol, known as RG055, SR-1 "Vector", SR-1M "Gyurza", and in 2003 officially adopted by the Russian Armed Forces and the Ministry of Internal Affairs under the designation SPS - Serdyukov Self-Loading Pistol (GRAU index 6P35), was developed at the Central Research Institute Precision Engineering (Klimovsk) by Peter Serdyukov and Igor Belyaev.
At the beginning of 1991, the developers from TsNIITOCHMASH, on the subject of the ROC "Rook", were tasked with developing a new pistol complex consisting of a pistol and a cartridge, which in terms of its performance characteristics would be superior to similar weapons that are equipped with foreign armies of the most developed countries, while two basic designs were worked out - with a free shutter and a movable barrel, and with the use of recoil energy with a short barrel stroke with its hard locking.
The first system was not successful, but the pistol of the second design, although it was rejected by the army, aroused the interest of various Russian special services in the mid-1990s, in particular the FSB and the FSO. All this led to the deployment in Russia of a number of programs to improve short-barreled weapons. At the first stage of this work, which ended by the beginning of the 90s, specialists from the Central Research Institute of Precision Engineering from Klimovsk near Moscow determined the requirements for a promising pistol complex. For this reason, it was decided to create weapons in 9 mm caliber, but according to Western standards, where the caliber of weapons is measured by grooves, and not by fields, as was customary in the USSR. 
, 2016 According to the given tactical and technical requirements, the designer of the institute A. B. Yuryev, together with the technologist E. S. Kornilova, under the guidance of I. P. Kasyanov, began to develop a new, very powerful 9 × 21 mm pistol cartridge with a bullet that has high damaging effect. This cartridge received the manufacturer's index RG052.
The assignment for the development of a new pistol provided that the effective firing range should be 50 m. But at the very beginning of work, the leading designer of TsNIITochmash, Petr Ivanovich Serdyukov, having realistically assessed the prospects for the cartridge being developed, decided that under these conditions it was quite possible to create a pistol with an effective firing range of 100 m.
It should be noted here that many of Serdyukov's employees simply did not believe in the possibility of aimed shooting from a pistol at such a range. As one of his closest aides, Igor Belyaev, recalled, the dispute was resolved very simply.
Having strengthened the chest part of the bulletproof vest on the stand and retreated 100 m, Pyotr Ivanovich Serdyukov hit it several times with TT and Walther P-38 pistols, brilliantly proving to his opponents that it is not enough to have a good pistol, you must also be able to shoot from it. Nevertheless, a pistol with an effective firing range of 100 meters still had to be created.
In accordance with the assignment, by the fall of 1991, P. I. Serdyukov created mock-up samples of two complexes - 7.62 mm PS and 9 mm PS (PS - Serdyukov pistol) chambered for 7.62 × 25 and 9 × 21 mm (the customer of the pistol assigned them the index 6P35 at that time). Moreover, the old 7.62 × 25-mm TT pistol cartridge was chosen not so much at the request of the customer, but to work out the automation of the pistol. 
, 2016 The reason for this decision lay in the fact that the new 9 × 21 mm pistol cartridge was still being created, and therefore it was available in very small quantities, and it was expensive at that time. The differences between the pistols were only in the caliber of the barrel, the size of the chamber, the magazine and the inside of the handle.
As a result, only in 1993, after the modifications carried out, during which the dimensions and weight of the pistol were reduced, as well as the design of the shutter and some other parts, the pistol saw the light under the name “9-mm self-loading pistol PS”, (PS - self-loading pistol , index RG055).
After the delivery in 1993 of an experimental batch of pistols in the amount of 50 pieces to special units of law enforcement agencies, its trial operation began. At the same time, this sample began to be demonstrated at various exhibitions and offered for sale abroad. Trial operation revealed some shortcomings of the gun.
When testing the pistol for “rabies”, the barrel was found to swell. To eliminate this drawback, it was necessary to increase the thickness of the barrel walls, which led to an increase in its mass. In this regard, it was necessary to reduce the mass of the shutter. At the same time, the technology of its manufacture was somewhat simplified. In the course of refinement, the design of the rear sight was simplified. On the front sight and rear sight, to facilitate aiming in low light conditions, recesses filled with light enamel were made. After completion, the second version of the RG055 pistol was born. Outwardly, it differed from the first in the flat oblique edges of the shutter (instead of the radius surface in the first version) and in the simpler design of the rear sight.
Related material
In the course of their elimination, the strength of a number of critical parts was increased. The cartridge continued to improve, which during the development received the name RG052. I.P. Kasyanov was engaged in its completion. Pilot operation of the pistol showed the need for a slight decrease in the initial speed zeros. The core zeros began to be made from steel of a different brand and using advanced technology. 
, 2016 The improved cartridge received the developer index RG054. After the appearance of the first batch of RG055 pistols, they were noticed by the FSB. Special units of this department needed a powerful and compact weapon.
After the completion of the first tests at a specialized training ground of the Ministry of Defense, the customer decided to continue work at TSNIITOCHMASH on further refinement of the pistol only chambered for 9 × 21 mm with a bullet with a heat-strengthened steel core.
Difficulties in financing work on the topic, as well as the loss of interest in a pistol chambered for 9 × 21 mm from the Ministry of Defense led to the fact that in 1993 the Russian Ministry of Security (now the FSB) ordered the development of a new pistol based on the RG055 pistol and the RG052 cartridge . Based on the interests of the customer of the pistol, a number of new requirements were presented to him, and the whole topic began to be called "Vector".
In the course of further work on the pistol, the strength and resource of its parts were significantly increased. The barrel bore began to be chrome plated. The thickness of the handle was increased to 34 mm, and the total length of the pistol increased by 5 mm and amounted to 200 mm.
On the side and end surfaces of the handle, corrugation was made, and in the lower part - an eyelet for attaching a cord. The magazine cover began to be made of impact-resistant plastic and thicker than that of the RG055 pistol, which also increased the convenience of holding the pistol. As a result of the changes and improvements made, a complex was born, consisting of the CP-1 pistol and the SP-10 cartridge. 
, 2016 It was adopted for service in the middle of 1996. The name “Vector” is absent in the decision on the adoption of this complex for service, but we can safely assume that, according to the now unofficial tradition, it will become the second name of the pistol.
The lack of regular financing and orders within the country in the early 90s forced the company to develop an export modification of the pistol complex and offer it for sale abroad.
This modification received the commercial name Model 055C GYURZA, it began to be demonstrated at various foreign and Russian arms exhibitions. For him, an export modification of the SP-10 cartridge was also created under the developer index RG054.
The use of a proper name, so unusual for domestic small arms - "Gyurza" appeared in the course of a discussion of the need and prospects for selling an export version of the new pistol complex abroad.
At a meeting with A. V. Khinikadze, who was then director of TsNIITOCHMASH, this name was proposed by the deputy head of the department - one of the leaders of the team for creating a pistol complex, Vladimir Fedorovich Krasnikov. His considerations, at the same time, were quite specific - the bite of a gyurza, like a shot from a new pistol, is fatal.
In 1997, the Russian Ministry of Defense again returned to considering the possibility of adopting a pistol system chambered for 9 × 21 mm. As a basis, the SR-1 pistol, already accepted for equipment in the FSB and in some other law enforcement agencies, was considered.
The tests of the pistol were carried out by specialists from the test site of the Ministry of Defense. Work on additional tests of the pistol complex was named "Granite".
Based on the test results, a number of comments were made to the pistol. In particular, complaints were again expressed about the shape of the handle, as well as the relatively large effort required to turn off the magazine latch - this made it difficult to replace it.
According to the results of these tests, the pistol was again finalized. He received a more convenient handle, a push-button store latch and a slightly modified rear sight design. The new version of the weapon was named the 9-mm Serdyukov self-loading pistol (SPS)." Changed and the names of cartridges.
The composition of the 9 × 21 mm pistol complex included cartridges: 7N28 with a bullet with a lead core in a bimetallic sheath, 7N29 with a bullet with a steel core and 7BTZ with an armor-piercing tracer bullet.
To maintain an acceptable weight of the pistol under a new powerful cartridge, it was necessary to use an automation scheme with a short barrel stroke. To ensure reliable operation of automation in difficult operating conditions, an original locking system was created.
The automatic pistol works on the principle of barrel recoil with a short stroke. The casing-bolt in the combat position completely covers the barrel. An ejector is mounted in its recess on the right. The semi-hidden trigger is accessible to the thumb of the hand holding the weapon. 
, 2016 Here it is worth noting the fact that Browning's "free shutter" turned out to be very seriously modified, and here the specialists, in fact, invented a fundamentally new scheme (although it should be said here that the contactor is used in the locking system of Walther P-38 and Beretta pistols 92, and quite a long time ago) which has no analogues in the world yet (or at least not announced).
The barrel at the time of the shot is locked by a special part - the barrel lock, which, when the bolt moves back, rotates in a vertical plane and exits the bolt grooves, thereby disengaging the barrel and bolt.
Other original technical solutions were also applied in the new pistol. The return spring is located around the movable barrel, for which a patented solution is used in the form of a special stop (return spring stop) for the rear end of the spring, while the front end of the spring rests on the bolt. During firing, this part remains stationary relative to the frame of the pistol. By the way, a Russian patent for an invention has been issued for this technical solution.
In the design of the frame of the pistol, molded high-impact plastic Armamid is used. A pistol grip is made of it, made integral with the trigger guard. Metal fittings are fixed in the upper part of the frame. It serves to direct the movement of the shutter and fasten a number of parts of the pistol in it.
The trigger mechanism of the pistol is a hammer, double action. However, it has one feature. To produce the first shot by self-cocking, the trigger must be set to the preliminary platoon. The mainspring is in the trigger. The trigger pull force is 1.5-2.5 kg, and when firing by self-cocking - 4-6.5 kg. 
, 2016 Safe handling of the pistol is ensured by two automatic safety locks. One of them, located on the back of the pistol grip, blocks the neck, the second, located on the trigger, locks the trigger. The expediency of having such fuses on the pistol is justified as follows.
A pistol is a weapon, the decision to use which is made almost instantly before firing. At the moment when your life is in danger, do not waste time removing the safety of the weapon. That is why it is advisable to carry the CP-1 pistol with a cartridge sent into the barrel. Putting the trigger on the safety platoon in this case allows you to immediately open fire as soon as you take out the pistol from the holster. Some users permanently disable the grip safety by wrapping tape or duct tape around the grip.
The barrel of the pistol has six right-hand rifling.
SPS sights - fixed located on the bolt body, have white inserts to facilitate aiming. Aiming at different ranges is carried out by moving the aiming point in height.
A double-row magazine for 18 rounds with a staggered arrangement does not protrude from the handle. The body of the magazine has rows of holes that make it easier and allow you to determine the number of cartridges in it. The magazine release button latch is located behind the trigger on the handle.
Early production samples of the CP-1 did not have a slide delay, the SPS pistols of the latest releases received a slide delay, which is automatically turned off when a new magazine is inserted into the pistol. The magazine is detached by pressing the thumb and forefinger on the stopper latch located behind the trigger guard. Removing the magazine is facilitated by a feeder spring that pushes it out of the handle.
All over the world there is a good old weapon tradition to make special gift weapons based on combat weapons. They did not forget her at TsNIITochmash either. Local craftsmen mastered the art of filigree decoration and the new pistol.
The marking of the pistol began to contain the trademark of the manufacturer, the type of ammunition used on the right and left sides of the pistol grip and the serial number. The production of the pistol was established at TsNIITochmash and at the Kirov Plant Mayak OJSC in Kirov. They can be distinguished by the size of the trigger guard (it is slightly larger on the Kirov pistol) and by marking the manufacturer's trademark on the side surfaces of the handle. The sign of TsNIITochmash is the head of an owl, and the sign of the Mayak plant is a stylized mathematical sign - a radical.
For the creation of a pistol complex, a group of developers in early 1996 was awarded the prize of the government of the Russian Federation. This pistol is distinguished by good combat accuracy and high penetration.
In August 1997, at the invitation of the Americans, a demonstration of a number of samples of special weapons developed at TsNIItochmash took place in the United States at the Marine Corps test site in Florida. The RG055 pistol was also presented.
Prudent Americans, taking this opportunity, asked to test their bulletproof vests. Imagine the surprise and desperation of the FBI representatives after all the bulletproof vests they presented were pierced without any problems from the pistol of the Russian special services. Although it is worth noting here that the shooting was carried out with armor-piercing cartridges, which, however, does not in the least detract from the combat qualities of the pistol.
The pistol has a "licked" shape. The main advantage of the new pistol is its very high efficiency against targets protected by body armor or obstacles like the sides of a car, for which the pistol received a specially designed 9 × 21mm SP-10 cartridge (originally designated RG052) with an armor-piercing bullet.
Later, in addition to the SP-10, a number of 9 × 21mm caliber cartridges were also developed, including cartridges with expansive (SP-12), low-ricochet (SP-11) and tracer (SP-13) bullets. With the SP-10 cartridge, the pistol is able to successfully hit targets in class 3 bulletproof vests with rigid elements at distances up to 50-70 meters. It is also capable of piercing the cylinder head block of an automobile engine. In addition, the SPS pistol has a fairly high magazine capacity and is adapted for operational use. It is currently in service with the FSB and FSO forces, and is offered for export.
Group "A" or "Alpha" of the Seventh Directorate of the KGB of the USSR, later Directorate "A" of the FSB of the Russian Federation - a special special unit whose main tasks are military operations to prevent terrorist acts, free hostages, etc. In addition, Alpha fighters participate in other FSB operations of special and increased complexity, operate in "hot spots" in Chechnya, Dagestan, Ingushetia, etc.
There are essentially similar anti-terror special forces in many countries, but our Alpha is known as one of the most efficient, professional and experienced security forces in the world.
On July 29, 1974, the Chairman of the KGB under the Council of Ministers of the USSR, Yury V. Andropov, signed Order No. 0089 / OV (“Special Importance”) on the change in the staff of the Seventh Directorate and the approval of the Regulations on Group A. This date is the official birthday of the special forces. The decision to create it was made after the terrorist attack at the Munich Olympics in 1972. 
The first composition of Group A (A.I. Alutsenko, A.S. Afanasiev, V.M. Bagrov, A.I. Baev, N.V. Berlev, V.N. Vankin, V.S. Vinogradov, C A. Golov, M. V. Golovatov, V. P. Emyshev, G. E. Zudin, Yu. A. Izotov, V. S. Kislenkov, S. G. Kolomeets, P. Yu. Klimov, S. I. Koptev, G. A. Kuznetsov, D. A. Ledenev, A. M. Lopanov, A. M. Molokov, V. S. Mochalkin, V. M. Pankin, A. N. Saveliev, A. I. Simonov , V. I. Filimonov, V. M. Fedoseev, A. A. Tsymbalyuk, and E. N. Chudesnov.)
Initially created to prevent hijackings and free hostages, Group A has gradually transformed into a powerful structure in the fight against terrorism in all its manifestations. As subsequent events showed, the birth of Alpha became a necessary, timely and adequate challenge to modern terrorist threats. 
Only KGB officers could be enrolled in the group. The selection criteria are the most stringent. The first part of "Alpha" was recruited from employees fit for service in the Airborne Forces. Physical data and achievements in various disciplines were taken into account. Particular attention was paid to moral and business qualities and psychological endurance. Moreover, the formation of the group was carried out only on a voluntary basis. 
Initially, the Alpha Group consisted of thirty people. The place of "registration" is the Security Service of Diplomatic Missions (ODP) of the Seventh Directorate of the KGB of the USSR. And by the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union, the number of Group A, taking into account regional divisions, was already five hundred people. 
Information about it became public knowledge only in 1991. Prior to this, the special unit was top-secret. At the suggestion of journalists, the unit was dubbed "Alpha". After the State Emergency Committee, it was transferred to the Security Directorate under the Office of the President of the USSR, and then to the Main Security Directorate (GUO) of Russia. 
Since the 1970s, Alpha has been armed with unique weapons and special equipment, which are invariably and constantly replenished with the best modern examples of military and weapons technology. Silent pistols, rifles and submachine guns (including those capable of firing underwater) are all custom-made. Group members use body armor made of titanium and Kevlar, as well as bulletproof spheres - helmets with a visor and an individual communication device. 
Most of Alfa's employees are able to drive all types of cars, all types of armored vehicles, have climbing and diving training, and the ability to possess psychological restraint. Many of them have flight training skills. All this is designed to solve the main task - the preservation of the lives of people who have become hostages in the hands of terrorists. 
Based on the world's and its own wealth of experience, Alpha has developed and applies its own tactics for conducting special operations (for example, the Nabat plan), which helps to ensure success even in the most difficult situations.
Currently, the structure of Directorate "A" includes:
Headquarters
5 departments (One department is constantly on a business trip in Chechnya)
Regional departments and special forces. 
For dedication, courage and courage shown in the performance of military duty, more than five hundred employees were awarded state awards. Two officers of Group A were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union: Major General Viktor Karpukhin and Major General Gennady Zaitsev. Eight employees of Alpha are Heroes of Russia. These are Junior Lieutenant Gennady Sergeev (posthumous), Colonel Anatoly Savelyev (posthumous), Major Vladimir Ulyanov (posthumous), Major Yuri Danilin (posthumous), Colonel Sergey Dyachenko, Colonel Valery Kanakin, Major Alexander Perov (posthumous), Colonel Andrey Kumov. 
By many measures, Group A is one of the best units in the world in the fight against terrorism. Evidence of this is hundreds of unique operations carried out by its employees. Established in 1974, combat duty does not stop even for a minute. This year "Alfa" will be 39 years old.
Battle commandments "Alpha".
1. Sweat saves blood.
2. The volume of the biceps does not affect the speed of the bullet.
3. The gun is just a working tool, the weapon is you.
4. It is not the weapon that needs to be brought to a normal battle, but the head of the employee.
5. The main value of the anti-terror unit is the instructors. (Signed: Instructors)
6. If a mistake is made at the selection stage, training does not make sense 7. Equipment, like life, has no price.
8. The winner is not the one who shoots first, but the one who hits first.
9. For gaps in fire training, the opponent's bullet puts the mark "failed" in battle.
10. A weapon is not a source of increased danger, but your friend and working tool.
11. The best weapon is the one you work with.
12. Your skills are the best fuse.
13. The level of the shooter is his worst shot.
14. The best pistol is a submachine gun.
15. A pistol is needed in order to get to your machine gun, which did not have to be left anywhere.
16. The main means of preparing the anti-terror unit is realistic professional training.
17. Darkness is a friend of a trained employee.
18. Are you afraid to use weapons in the crowd? Get on your skis!
19. Errors in tactics can be corrected by quick and accurate shooting, errors in shooting cannot be corrected by anything.
20. Be a professional in combat, let the enemy die a hero.
21. The strength of the special forces is not in the muscles, but in the brains.
22. To destroy the enemy is a craft, and to make him shoot himself is an art.
23. All commandos died in fire contact, and not in hand-to-hand combat.
24. If you have reached the point of changing magazines in fire contact, then before that you missed too much. 25. No one has ever managed to miss so quickly to win.
26. The main means of combating terrorists is weapons. The rest is secondary.
27. Effective fire - accurate fire.
28. Nothing replaces a quick and accurate shot.
29. TEST: Night, distance 15 m. Target - the head of a terrorist. The hostage is your child. (Answer: Yes - an employee / No - a sportsman-athlete)
30. An employee of the anti-terror unit is the master of each of his shots.
31. Treat every shot like the only one.
32. Did you miss? Welcome! (Signed: Military Prosecutor's Office)
33. Good luck reinforces bad tactics.
34. The main quality of an employee is the ability to make an informed decision and make a quick and accurate shot in any conditions and at any range of actual fire.
35. What is worth your shot is worth another shot.
36. Anti-terror unit - the highest professional specialization of the special forces unit
37. No need to quickly dismantle a weapon, you need to quickly shoot from it.
38. Mental clock - balance of accuracy and speed.
39. Worse than a miss can only be a slow miss.
40. It makes no sense to shoot faster than you can hit.
41. Nothing is more inspiring than being shot at and not hit.
42. It's better to hit once with a PM than miss twice with a Glock.
43. You can’t nail a firing course to an employee’s coffin.
44. Money, information and cartridges do not happen much.
45. If a bully at a distance of 10 meters at the same time hit one knee with a 5.45 mm bullet and the other with 7.62 mm, then he will not notice the difference.
46. Win and survive to win again.
47. Special Forces - quality, not quantity.
48. An effective anti-terror unit cannot be created on command - it takes decades.
49. People are more important than technology.
50. Employee - weapons - equipment - personal protective equipment and communications - equivalent elements of the combat kit.
51. In hand-to-hand combat, the one with the most ammo wins.
52. You are above all the uninitiated, improve yourself to be the first among those who know.
53. Sending fighters to war unprepared, we betray them (Confucius).
54. Military science requires courage and presence of mind, talent, unquenchable genius, tireless study and absorption of experience in all areas of military affairs (French Marshal Sebastien de Vauban).
Some operations
A mentally deranged resident of the city of Kherson, Yuri Vlasenko, accompanied by the second secretary of the US Embassy R. Pringle, went to the consular department and demanded an immediate departure abroad. In case of refusal, he threatened to set off an improvised explosive device. Negotiations conducted with the terrorist by the commander of Group "A" G. N. Zaitsev, and then his deputy R. P. Yvon, did not lead to a positive result. By order of the KGB chairman Yu. V. Andropov, weapons were used - Major S. A. Golov fired shots from a silent pistol, but the terrorist still managed to set off the explosive device and soon died from his wounds.
As part of the emergency combat group "Grom" (24 people), the unit's employees, together with the fighters of the OSN "Zenith" of the First Main Directorate of the KGB of the USSR (30 people), captured the Taj Beck, also known as Amin's palace, in the Dar-ul-Aman area. Active support for the KGB special forces was provided by the “Muslim battalion” of the GRU and the 9th company of paratroopers of the 345th separate regiment of the Airborne Forces under the command of Senior Lieutenant V. A. Vostrotin. This operation is considered the best operation of "Alpha". The senior subgroups were: O. A. Balashov, S. A. Golov, V. P. Emyshev and V. F. Karpukhin. General management was carried out by the deputy commander of Group A, Major M. M. Romanov. The commander of the "Zenith" - Ya. F. Semenov.
Simultaneously with the operation "Storm-333", special forces soldiers were involved together with paratroopers to capture strategically important objects located in different parts of the Afghan capital - tsarandoy (MVD), the headquarters of the Air Force and the central telegraph office. The code name for the entire operation in Kabul to change power is Baikal-79. 
November 19, 1983 - Tbilisi.
The Tu-134 A aircraft, flying along the Tbilisi - Leningrad route with 57 passengers on board and 7 crew members, was hijacked by a group of "golden youth" of 7 people. During the raid, they killed pilots Z. Sharbatyan and A. Chedia, stewardess V. Krutikova and two passengers. The navigator A. Plotko and the flight attendant I. Khimich were seriously injured and remained disabled. The demand of the bandits: to head for Turkey. During the firefight in the cockpit and the organization of aerodynamic overloads, the pilots managed to repulse the attack of the terrorists, killing one of them, and block the door. The commander of the ship A. Gardapkhadze landed the liner at the airport in Tbilisi. On November 19, the aircraft was liberated during a combined assault undertaken by employees of Group A (senior - G. N. Zaitsev). None of the passengers were hurt. The capture groups were headed by M. V. Golovatov, V. V. Zabrovsky and V. N. Zaitsev.
1985 - 1986 years.
Forceful capture of twelve agents recruited by foreign intelligence agencies.
A gang of four (leader - recidivist P. Yakshiyants, V. Muravlev, G. Vishnyakov and V. Anastasov) seized a passenger bus LAZ-687, in which, after an excursion to the printing house, the 4th "G" class of school No. 42 was returning together with the teacher N. V. Efimova. The terrorists drove the bus to the Mineralnye Vody airport, where they were overtaken by Group A, which had taken off from Moscow. In the course of grueling negotiations, which were conducted by G. N. Zaitsev for almost seven hours on the radio, he managed to agree on personal contact with them by Evgeny Grigoryevich Sheremetyev, an officer of the KGB in the Stavropol Territory. As a result of his (Sheremetyev's) six-hour personal, at the risk of his life, negotiations with the bandits, all the children (thirty people), the teacher and the driver were released, and instead of them, Yevgeny Sheremetyev remained a hostage, whom the bandits also released just before the flight to Israel in exchange for two million foreign currency.
After through the channels of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Israel, with which there were no diplomatic relations at that time, gave the go-ahead to extradite the criminals, the Il-76 T (RA-76519) transport aircraft (crew commander A. Bozhko) headed for the Middle East. Upon arrival at Ben Gurion Airport, the bandits were arrested. Employees of Group A, headed by G. N. Zaitsev, who arrived next, after a compromise was reached on not using capital punishment against terrorists (which the Israeli side insisted on), deported the Yakshiyants gang to the Soviet Union.
August 1990 - Yerevan, Armenian SSR.
The Alpha fighters took part in the neutralization of a particularly dangerous armed group - the Gray gang. During the operation, three criminals were killed, two were wounded, six were detained.
22 employees of Group "A" under the command of Colonel V.F. Karpukhin, as well as 31 fighters of the special forces training battalion ("maroon berets") of the OMSDON named after. F. E. Dzerzhinsky were urgently transferred to Sukhumi, where 75 criminals took hostages and a temporary detention center. During the negotiations, the leaders put forward a demand: to provide them with a RAF minibus so that they could travel outside the ITT, into the mountains. When the armed bandits, together with the hostages, got into the minibus, the capture group began an operation to neutralize them.
At the same time, two groups launched an assault on the isolation ward. In a matter of seconds, the criminals in the RAF were neutralized, the hostages were released. The bandits in the isolation ward also surrendered after a short resistance. During the operation, an employee of Alpha I.V. Orekhov and one of the Vityaz fighters were slightly injured. This special operation has no analogues in the domestic and world practice of using special forces units to free hostages taken by bandits in the institutions of the penitentiary system. 
December 5, 1992 - Moscow, Vnukovo Airport.
The release of 347 passengers of the flight Mineralnye Vody - Moscow, captured by a lone terrorist Zakharyev.
A well-armed group of Sh. Basaev broke into the city on two KamAZ trucks. The militants seized the city hospital with medical staff and patients, including women in labor and mothers with babies. On the morning of June 17, in extremely difficult conditions, Alpha employees stormed the hospital. The terrorists, placing hostages at the windows, fired from behind their backs, which nullified the success of the assault. Later, Basayev contacted the 1st Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, V. Chernomyrdin, by mobile phone. According to the agreement reached, a corridor was provided for the terrorists. The fighters of the Alpha group, fighting in the hospital building, were ordered to retreat.
Alpha officer Konstantin Nikitin, a participant in the assault, commented on these events as follows: “Let's assume that the Ashniki would still enter the hospital and go to the second floor. It is hard to even imagine how they would carry out the task further when the space between the terrorists and the fighters of the anti-terror group is crammed with hostages. From whose bullets would they have suffered more, and what would have begun, what panic and confusion in this meat grinder?
Taking 123 hostages with them, the militants boarded buses and headed towards Chechnya in a column. Not far from the mountain village of Zandak, all the hostages were released. As a result of the action of Chechen fighters in Budyonnovsk, 130 civilians, 18 police officers, 18 military personnel, including three employees of Alpha, Major Vladimir Vladimirovich Solovov, lieutenants Dmitry Valerievich Ryabinkin and Dmitry Yuryevich Burdyaev, died. Over 400 people were injured of varying severity. About 2,000 people were held hostage. The eldest is the commander of Alpha, Lieutenant General A. V. Gusev. This operation is still considered the most unsuccessful in the unit. 
October 14, 1995 - Moscow, Vasilyevsky Spusk.
In close proximity to the Kremlin, a masked man armed with a PM pistol entered a Mercedes bus carrying 25 South Korean tourists and declared them hostages. If the conditions were not met, the offender threatened to blow up the bus. At 8 p.m., the FSB special forces took up their starting positions. The eldest is the commander of Alpha, Lieutenant General A. V. Gusev. Long negotiations were held with the criminal, in which Moscow Mayor Yuri Luzhkov participated. At about 10 p.m., the terrorist released all the women and three men who were being held. At 22.38, at the command of the head of the operation, the director of the FSB, M. I. Barsukov, the assault began. The terrorist opened fire with a pistol and was killed. None of the hostages were hurt.
December 19-20, 1997 - Moscow, Embassy of Sweden. A terrorist takes a Swedish diplomat hostage.
The terrorist S. Kobyakov, armed with a pistol and a grenade, captured the Swedish trade representative Jan-Olof Nystrom in a Volvo car. As a result of negotiations, he was released, and his place was taken by Colonel A.N. Savelyev, who offered himself as a hostage. After he had an acute heart attack, which eventually led to death, it was decided to immediately begin the active phase of the operation. As a result of the shootout, the offender was killed. Colonel Anatoly Nikolaevich Savelyev, Chief of Staff of Alfa Group, was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of Russia.
Liquidation of the leader of Ichkeria Aslan Maskhadov. The operation to detain the leader of the separatists, as well as his inner circle, was planned for a long time and carefully. At the beginning of March 2005, information was received that made it possible to determine the address where the CRI leader and his guards were hiding. Despite all the tricks of the militants, the bunker with the leader of the separatists was discovered. The militants who were in it were asked to surrender, to which they responded with a categorical refusal. After that, the operational-combat groups of the Center held an event to detain them, eliminating Maskhadov. 
November 26, 2006 - Khasavyurt, Republic of Dagestan.
The liquidation of the representative of Al-Qaeda and the leader of all foreign fighters, one of the leaders and financiers of the "jihad" in Chechnya and in the adjacent regions of Abu Haws (real name - Faris Yusseif Umeirat). Four militants were killed along with him. The power phase of the operation began with the fact that at dawn one of the groups deliberately discovered itself. Two militants were immediately destroyed by snipers. A shot from a grenade launcher was fired at the gate, and after that, an assault group burst in on an armored KamAZ vehicle. The surviving militants took up defensive positions. They rejected the offer to surrender. The operation was completed in half an hour, with the victory of the Alpha special forces. 
May 2009 to present.
Conducting special operations on the territory of the North Caucasus as part of the operational-combat groups of the Special Purpose Center of the FSB of Russia.
As an illustration for the post, pictures from the calendar of the Directorate "A" of the Central Security Service of the FSB of Russia for 2013 were used