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Weapon. World weapon. Encyclopedia of weapons. Serdyukov's self-loading pistol - a powerful personal weapon for special forces Serdyukov's self-loading pistol ATP

The most powerful and compact pistol created in Russia. The guards of the president of our country are armed with such pistols. But Washington officially forbids bodyguards of the first person to take such powerful weapons with them if the Federal Protective Service is to work on US soil.

The designer, whose name the pistol is named after, Pyotr Ivanovich Serdyukov, made a revolutionary breakthrough in the design of domestic pistols. But only experts know about it.

The widely known and most massive TT and PM pistols (Tula Tokarev and) cannot be considered completely domestic. When creating, the Browning pistol was taken as the basis, and the Makarov pistol (PM) is a reworked police Walter. Once they were good, but with the development of individual body armor, they completely lost their power.

The need for a new officer's personal weapon arose in the late 1980s, back in the USSR. Work was carried out in several weapons design bureaus. But in the most optimal way, the task was completed only at the Central Research Institute of Precision Engineering in Klimovsk near Moscow by a design team led by P.I. Serdyukov. There were created completely domestic, without any copying, and a new pistol, and a new cartridge for it. It happened in the early 1990s.

Alas, at that time the main customer - the Ministry of Defense - could no longer order anything. The money remained only with the special services. And the pistol was defined as the main individual weapon for the employees of these services of the new Russia. Maybe that's why he has several "secret" names: RG055, SR-1 "Vector", SR-1M "Gyurza". But for the supply of the Armed Forces and the Ministry of Internal Affairs already in the new century, he acted as SPS - Serdyukov's self-loading pistol. He was very fond of in the GRU special forces and in the units of the Special Operations Forces.

Despite its destructive power, the SPS is quite elegant, does not give the impression of a shooting monster. Those who used it note that it fits very well in the hand, is convenient and safe to use, and is very reliable. A special cartridge of caliber 9x21 mm has been created for the SPS. The effective range of this cartridge is 100 meters. At this distance, body armor consisting of two 1.4 mm titanium plates and 30 layers of Kevlar or 4 mm thick steel sheets is pierced.

After a simple replacement of individual elements, the SPS can fire standard 9 mm Makarov pistol cartridges and even 7.62 mm TT pistol cartridges. The Serdyukov pistol has a very well thought out system of protection against an accidental shot. There is no conventional toggle switch. There are two buttons - on the back of the handle and on the trigger. They provide complete safety and at the same time instant readiness to fire.



It seems to many that in the era of general computerization, creating a new type of small arms is a trifle. The main thing is to know which keys to press on the computer, then the program will do everything itself, will give out the best version of the same gun. However, not all so simple.

As the designer Pyotr Serdyukov says, today there are really no special problems to make a shooting toy. The toy at the same time can be very impressive. For example, one of the foreign creators of miniature weapons for collectors even charmed the top leaders of the domestic defense complex, convincing them that he was ready to make the most beautiful and best pistol in the world for the Russian army. The designer was given carte blanche.

The gun really turned out to be very designer and even shot. But when they began to test it in the field, it turned out that the beautiful design of the weapon was not the most important thing. The gun was completely unusable. He could not withstand any excessive dust, or excessive overheating, or shooting from various positions, or much else that a real military weapon, and not a beautiful shooter from computer games, should withstand.

The main difficulty in designing a pistol is its small size. And the more powerful the cartridge, the more difficult it is to achieve reliability. It would not be an exaggeration to say that Pyotr Serdyukov managed the almost impossible. In dimensions and weight, not much higher than those possessed by the Makarov pistol, it was possible to realize the power of the shot, which is much higher than that which is typical, for example, for the American "Colt" of a much larger caliber.

Such a little-known fact from the history of the Union of Right Forces is interesting. In 1997, in the United States, at one of the Marine Corps training grounds, a new small arms created at TsNIITOCHMASH was demonstrated. They also showed the Americans Serdyukov's pistol. Representatives of the secret service, the one that protects the first persons of the state, including the president, were asked to check their bulletproof vests for durability. All bulletproof vests were pierced through by shots from the SPS. One can imagine the reaction of agents confident in their armor invulnerability.

In the hands of P.I. Serdyukov his powerful ATP. Now the designer is working on a new generation pistol.

Soldiers of the Federal Security Service are armed with Serdyukov pistols. But, what is significant, even if they accompany our president to the United States, they are forbidden to bring their service weapons there - SPS. You have to use others, also good, but less powerful. Almost twenty years have passed since the bulletproof vests of the American secret service were shot at their own training ground, and they still cannot recover from the shock across the ocean.

Petr Ivanovich Serdyukov was born on December 8, 1945, exactly 70 years ago in the family of a Soviet officer. Graduated from the Tula Polytechnic Institute. Since 1969 he has been working in Klimovsk at TSNIITOCHMASH. He is an outstanding designer. But what sets him apart is his extraordinary modesty. Even in the "omniscient" Internet, the designer Serdyukov is spoken of very sparingly.

Nevertheless, we can be proud that we are contemporaries of the man who created the original, purely Russian pistol. On its basis, a new generation pistol is being designed, even more advanced and powerful.

For more than a century, progress in the world of weapons has been in the confrontation between deadly weapons and reliable armor. Thus, the next step in the development of personal armor protection served as an impetus for the creation of the subject of discussion of this article - the Serdyukov self-loading pistol (SR-1, SPS, Gyurza).

The history of the creation of the gun "Gyurza"

Before the designers of TsNIITochMash P.I. Serdyukov and I. V. Belyaev, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation set the task of developing a “cartridge-weapon” complex to replace the obsolete APS for special forces personnel.

The technical task included:

  • the possibility of aimed shots at a distance of up to 100 meters;
  • hitting targets in personal protective equipment;
  • the possibility of incapacitating vehicles and other unarmored vehicles.

The main prerequisite for the development of the SR-1 (later SR-1m) was the development of personal armor protection. The second-class bulletproof vests adopted in most countries of the world at that time quite successfully “held” a 7.62 mm (TT) caliber bullet or a 9 * 19 mm cartridge standard for NATO countries from a distance of 30 meters or more. Despite the fact that the body armor protects no more than 30% of the body, in a short-lived combat collision (as a rule, shooting in such conditions is carried out indoors), the shooter simply does not have time to aim at the head or other less protected parts of the body, so the shot is fired at the body or "towards the enemy". Often, after being hit in the chest / stomach, the enemy not only retained combat effectiveness, but did not receive serious damage at all. Therefore, the main requirement for the weapon and cartridge being developed was precisely the ability to reliably hit lightly armored targets, in addition, the SR-1 had to have dimensions, weight and acceptable recoil force that were not too large in its class.

Pyotr Ivanovich Serdyukov, at the head of the design team, provided the first prototypes of a pistol chambered for 9 * 21 mm caliber, developed by Yuryev A.B. in 1991.

In 1993, the requirements formulated by the FSB made it possible to reduce the power of the cartridge with sufficient firing efficiency. At the same time, a symbol appeared for the development period - "Vector".

The first prototypes (then called RG055), which fully corresponded to the presented task, were patented in 1995. A year later, at the Exhibition of equipment and weapons of the ground forces in Omsk, RG055C was presented, intended for export and received a memorable name - "Gyurza".

Around the same time, the prototype was slightly modified and ready for serial production. TsNIITochmash in Klimovsk and the Mayak Kirov plant began production. A new name is adopted: SR-1 (special development) and SP-10 (special cartridge) for the new ammunition. This complex is adopted by the special forces of the FSB and the FSO. Later, a pistol designed by Serdyukov is adopted by army special forces and some employees of the prosecutor's office.

Gun design

By analogy with the German Walther P38 and the Italian Beretta 92, the Gyurza automatics are based on the use of recoil with a short barrel stroke, where the barrel channel is locked due to a vertically swinging larva that engages the barrel and bolt. At the time of the shot, the barrel moves back, and the larva, clinging to the wedge on the frame, exits the bolt with its grooves. At this time, the bolt and barrel are separated: the bolt mechanism continues to move and ejects the cartridge case, while the second one remains in place.

Of the new design solutions adopted by the Serdyukov team, it is worth noting the return spring that “wraps around” the barrel. Never before has such a design been used, which made it possible to significantly reduce the dimensions of the receiver of the Vector. For comparison: in other pistols, a separate guide rod is used for this, located below.

The pistol grip, together with the trigger guard, is made by molding high-quality plastic (glass-filled polyamide), a steel frame is fused into it. This design provides "Gyurze" with a good balance between reliability to mechanical damage and lightness. For the safety of the shooter and the exclusion of accidental shots, the SR-1 has two fuses, and for convenience when used directly in a clash, a slide delay mechanism is provided - at the moment the magazine is empty, the bolt stops in its extreme position. This design allows you to send a cartridge into the chamber directly at the moment of changing the magazine and wins precious seconds for the shooter.

The principle of operation of the gun

To better understand the mechanics, let's read the instructions for its incomplete disassembly. Imagine that the described Gyurza pistol lies in front of us.

Procedure:

  • According to safety precautions for handling weapons, when disassembling any sample, you must first make sure that the magazine and chamber are empty. The store is inspected visually, after which the shutter is retracted to the rear position. Next, release the shutter, remove the fuse, make a control descent. Do not neglect safety precautions!
  • We remove the magazine by pressing the magazine latch button on the side;
  • We separate the barrel delay by turning it 90 degrees counterclockwise, then pull it out of the frame;
  • After that, the bolt is easily moved forward and removed from the pistol;
  • Now you need to separate the bolt and barrel. To do this, press the protruding part of the wedge and move the barrel forward;
  • The return spring and stop are removed from the barrel, and the contactor is later disconnected.

In this state, the weapon is ready for cleaning and maintenance. Assembly is carried out in reverse order.

View after partial disassembly. Numbers mark: 1 - frame assembly; 2 - shutter with a striker and ejector; 3 - barrel with an insert and a wedge; 4 - return spring with stop; 5 - contactor; 6 - receiver delay; 7 - store

Ammunition Features

In addition to the already mentioned SP-10 cartridge, which is “standard” in 9 * 21 caliber weapons, TsNIITochmash invented several more types of ammunition for SPS and similar weapons. Pay attention to the table:

It is worth noting that when testing the cartridge, an outstanding result was shown for weapons of this class: at a firing range of up to 50 meters, the bullet was guaranteed to pierce IIIA body armor, a five-millimeter sheet of steel or a sheet of titanium twice as thin.

Specifications

Now, having dealt with the cartridge, let's move on to the technical characteristics of the CP-1 itself:

  • Length - 195 mm;
  • Height - 145 mm;
  • Width - 30 mm;
  • Weight without cartridges - 950 g;
  • Weight with cartridges - 1200 g;
  • Double-row magazine with a capacity of 18 rounds;
  • Rate of fire - 40 rounds per minute;
  • Sighting range - 100 meters;
  • "Working" temperature range: -50 o C / +50 o C.

As mentioned earlier, Gyurza went through more than one demanding competition and many improvements before reaching such parameters.

Pros and cons of the CP-1 pistol

Now we can make a list of the advantages and disadvantages of the "hero" of our article.

Let's start with the pros, as there are undoubtedly more:

  • Firstly, "Gyurza" and the entire continuation of the line by the authorship of Serdyukov leaves far behind all domestic and foreign counterparts due to the armor-piercing action of a special cartridge. We can safely say that it is the most powerful among all the pistols adopted by the armies of the world;
  • Ergonomic handle and thoughtful mechanism of two fuses. The shooter no longer needs to “put” or “remove” anything: the first fuse is prepared for battle by a tight grasp of the handle, and the second is located directly on the trigger guard and is removed by pressing it before firing;
  • Due to the numerous requirements of customers regarding excess weight, TsNIITochmash decided to introduce plastic parts. "Gyurze" benefited from this, and now the relatively low weight is combined with strength and resistance to temperature extremes;
  • According to the reviews of intelligence officers who used the pistol in practice, the process of changing the store is implemented as conveniently as possible, and after some time an experienced fighter can literally reload without looking;
  • The stores themselves are made of exceptional quality, durable and comfortable in equipment.

Among the disadvantages of SPS are:

  • That same “unique ergonomics” can be extremely unusual and inconvenient to master among many shooters, especially for those who are already automatically looking for a fuse and are unfamiliar with the shutter delay. Regular exercise is quite capable of correcting this problem;
  • Stucks and jams were observed during reloading, sometimes it was required to make additional efforts

Pistol modifications

An unprepared reader could get lost in the abundance of names indicated in the article. In conclusion, it is worth dotting all the “i” and clarifying the issue of the development of the ATP.

It must be said right away that he did not undergo significant changes, basically only the device of the fuse and sights changed.

Another table for the convenience of assimilation of information:

Name Note
RG055 The first sample, produced in the amount of about 2000 pieces.
RG055S Commercial version introduced for export in 1996. It differs from the previous one only in appearance: it is marked with the image of a snake on the side of the shutter. He also received the name "Gyurza" for the first time.
SR-1 Serially produced by order of the FSB and FSO. Longitudinal faces on the shutter stand out, a modified shape of the trigger guard. The samples produced at TsNIITochmash have a stylized owl head on the handle, and the products of the Mayak plant have a brand in the form of a mathematical sign of a radical.
RG060 Export version of the SR-1, also called "Gyurza".
THX Serially produced for the Ministry of Defense. The ergonomics and the shape of the rear sight have changed.
SR-1M Modification of ATP for the needs of the FSB. Sights have been slightly changed again. It was in this version that the shutter delay mechanism appeared.
SR-1MP The latest modification of the entire line at the moment. Added slots for mounting the Picatinny rail, on which you can attach flashlights, laser designators, collimator sights. Now the design allows the use of a silencer.

So, here we have gone all the way to the formation of the SR-1 - from the birth of the idea of ​​the need for a fundamentally new complex to the latest weapons in the hands of domestic special forces.

My opinion: this ambiguous sample deserves at least to be recognizable and discussed among our readers. We are waiting for your comments.

If you have any questions - leave them in the comments below the article. We or our visitors will be happy to answer them.

Serdyukov's self-loading pistol is a very unusual weapon. Its appearance and rotating barrel give the pistol a special touch. The Serdyukov self-loading pistol (SPS) was developed back in the USSR, although its improvements after the collapse of the USSR dragged on for many years.

The history of the appearance of the Serdyukov pistol

The Serdyukov self-loading pistol began to be developed back in the 1980s. It was developed at the Institute of Precision Engineering, which was located in Klimovsk. This enterprise was given the task of producing a new pistol complex, which was supposed to surpass not only similar models of domestically produced weapons, but also foreign models. The obviousness of creating a more powerful military pistol, the technical characteristics of which would surpass all analogues available at that time, arose already by the beginning of the 1980s.

Since in the 1980s the armed forces of most countries of the world received light bulletproof vests as personal protective equipment, the Makarov pistol was clearly not enough to break through this protection. New foreign-made bulletproof vests were able to stop not only a bullet fired from a PM, but even cope with a shot from a TT pistol or even a Beretta-92FS.

It is unlikely that the introduction of bulletproof vests in foreign armies would have affected Russia, since the modern army fights with the help of artillery, military equipment or, in extreme cases, machine guns, if not for one circumstance: criminal and terrorist groups that operated on the territory of Russia began to be equipped with bulletproof vests. Since the shooting from the pistol took place at short distances and, as a rule, spontaneously, most often the bullets hit the torso, which was protected by body armor. The standard Makarov pistol turned out to be ineffective in this situation, so a new complex was urgently needed, consisting of a weapon and a cartridge capable of easily penetrating body armor of this type.

In addition to this reason, the local world conflicts that took place in the 1970-1980s, and in which the troops of the USSR took part, showed that the use of a Makarov pistol is not the best option.

Descriptions of the fighting that took place during the Vietnam War, the Arab-Israeli conflict or various civil wars on the African continent showed that the clashes took place as follows:

  • At first, the territory was bombarded by aircraft;
  • Then artillery entered the battle;
  • At the end of the operation, the territory was cleared with the help of small infantry units.

Since the local population often adhered to guerrilla tactics of warfare, most of the fighting took place suddenly and at short distances. This is what prompted the military industry of the USSR to make changes not only to machine guns, but also to short-barreled personal weapons. Since, by the end of the 1980s, new materials appeared that were used in weapons production, new pistols were developed using them.

The new pistol, which was supposed to replace the PM, had to have the following characteristics:

  • Be safe in operation;
  • Have constant combat readiness;
  • Reliability in the most difficult conditions;
  • Have high firepower;
  • Be simple and convenient to maintain and operate.

New cartridges should have high penetration and stopping power.

In 1991, the design bureau, headed by P. I. Serdyukov, developed two pistols under the designation 6P35, which corresponded to all performance characteristics categories designated for the new pistol model. It was for this pistol that the designer Yuryev developed the 9x21 cartridge, which had an excellent penetrating and stopping effect of the bullet. The new cartridge was developed not only for use in a new pistol. In the future, it was planned to use it for a new model of a submachine gun. Since the upper part of the steel core of the bullet protrudes from the jacket in the new cartridge, this eliminates some of the energy lost in penetrating it. All these parameters allowed the new pistol cartridge to penetrate the protection against assault rifles, which Makarov's pistol did not even dream of.

In 1992, new modifications of the Serdyukov pistol were developed:

  • Model chambered for caliber 9x21 mm;
  • Model chambered for caliber 7.62x25.

The 7.62 caliber model was developed specifically for shooting tests and working out the automation of the new pistol, since there were simply not enough new 9x21 caliber cartridges yet.

In 1993, the Federal Security Service developed a specification for the development of a pistol for their needs. Serdyukov's pistol was almost perfect for the new terms of reference. It was this fact that helped save the new development, which was abandoned by the military. The Serdyukov pistol, which was developed for the needs of the FSB, received a modernized 9x21 mm cartridge, which had a slightly reduced power, which did not affect the firing efficiency.

Pistols "Vector" and "Gyurza"

The Serdyukov pistol, which was developed specifically for the FSB, received the unofficial name "Vector". Since the collapse of the USSR seriously affected all military developments that were carried out in the country, the institute in which the pistol was developed did not receive money for the further development of its project. Serdyukov decided to take a chance and bring his development abroad under the sonorous name "Gyurza". Just like Vector, the name Gyurza did not appear in the official documentation. Both pistols were put into service specifically for the FSB special services, where they continue to be used to this day. The modified cartridge for these pistols was named RGO54.

In 1996, the Serdyukov pistol was thoroughly modified and put into service under the name SR.1. The new model received the following design changes:

  • The shape of the pistol grip has been significantly redesigned. Now she began to lie more comfortably in the hand;
  • The appearance of a large notch significantly increased control over the weapon during firing;
  • The overall dimensions of the pistol were slightly increased, but at the same time the overall reliability and life of the pistol increased;
  • The bore of the new Serdyukov pistol model received chrome plating.

Simultaneously with the SR.1, an export model of the pistol was developed, which was called the RGO60. Also, new cartridges of 3 types were developed:

  • SP.11, who received an ordinary lead bullet;
  • SP.12 with an expansive bullet;
  • SP.13, which used armor-piercing tracer bullets.

The principle of operation of the Serdyukov pistol model SR.1

The new Serdyukov pistol model received a barrel locking system using a movable larva, which gives high shooting accuracy, since the pistol barrel moves along its axis. The pistol frame is made of 2 parts. The handle of the pistol and its trigger guard are molded from a special impact-resistant plastic. The trigger for a trigger-type pistol has a safety cocking of the trigger, although there is no possibility of automatic arming on it. The upper part of the pistol, which is made of metal, is equipped with guides for the movement of the shutter.

The Serdyukov pistol has 2 automatic fuses:

  • The first fuse is a handle and is located on the back of the handle. Its purpose is to lock the sear;
  • The second fuse is designed to block the trigger. It blocks the movement of the trigger until the shooter presses it with his finger.

The pistol magazine holds 18 rounds, which significantly exceeds not only the parameters of a conventional Makarov pistol, but also the PMM-12, which has a 12-round magazine. Simple sights of the Serdyukov pistol consist of a front sight and a rear sight, which has white stripes, which greatly facilitate the aiming procedure in case of lack of lighting. The rear sight can be moved to make lateral corrections. For this, a special device is used, which is included with the gun.

After testing the SR.1 model in 1997, which was commissioned by the Ministry of Defense to evaluate this model as a new combat pistol for the Russian army, the following changes were made to the design of the pistol:

  • The shape of the handle has changed again. A large notch remained only on the back and front. As tests have shown, such a notch application made it possible to comfortably hold the weapon for shooters with different palm sizes;
  • The latch fixing the store has become a push-button type;
  • The dimensions of the sights have increased, which made the aiming process more convenient, their shape has also changed.

After these upgrades, the pistol was again submitted for testing, which it did not pass with the wording "does not meet safety requirements." After that, the project began to develop independently until 2000, having received the name SR-1M "Vector".

The SPS pistol was created in 2000 and adopted by the FSB in 2003. The new Serdyukov pistol model received the following changes:

  • Another new shape of the handle, which, according to the designers, has become even more convenient;
  • Increased trigger guard, which should increase the convenience when shooting;
  • New sights;
  • A push-button magazine latch, which was located on the left side of the handle, near the very base of the trigger guard.

According to experts in the field of short-barreled weapons, the new Serdyukov pistol model has excellent combat and service characteristics, which have been repeatedly confirmed during operation in real combat operations.

The gun proved to be excellent during operation in various temperature conditions, ranging from -50°C to + 50°C. The real aiming range of the SPS is 100 meters, which was demonstrated by the creator himself, and has been repeatedly confirmed in practice.

TTX self-loading pistol Serdyukov

The performance characteristics of the SPS are as follows:

  • Pistol caliber 9x21 mm;
  • The length of the weapon is 200 mm, while the length of the barrel is 120 mm;
  • The height of the weapon is 145 mm;
  • Width - 34 mm;
  • The mass of the pistol without cartridges is 900 grams;
  • The magazine holds 18 rounds.

The new pistol received many different original technical solutions, many of which are patented and are not found in any other pistol:

  • The return spring has an original location around the movable barrel;
  • When the shooting process takes place, this part remains in a fixed position in relation to the pistol frame. Interestingly, this solution is patented in Russia;
  • Pistol grip, which is made together with the trigger guard from Armamid, which is a special grade of impact-resistant plastic;
  • Metal fittings are fixed in the upper part of the frame and serve to guide the movement of the shutter.

The trigger mechanism of a self-loading pistol Serdyukov double action. It is a trigger type mechanism. It differs from the standard trigger trigger in one interesting feature. In order to make the first shot by self-cocking, the trigger must be put on the preliminary platoon. The mainspring is also located in an original way. It is in the trigger of the pistol. The gun is distinguished by safe handling, which is ensured by the use of 2 automatic fuses.

Advantages and disadvantages of SPS

Serdyukov's self-loading pistol has a number of advantages:

  • The pistol is great for both right and left handed shooting;
  • The balance of the gun is almost perfect, it fits perfectly in the hand. Real feedback from people who have had to shoot this pistol suggests that the ergonomics of the SPS are excellent;
  • The pistol trigger is quite "soft";
  • The return is small;
  • The power of the pistol is high, while its accuracy is also at a high level;
  • The absence of protruding parts on the pistol makes it easy to use, despite the large dimensions of the pistol.

Like any other weapon, SPS has its drawbacks:

  • The specific design of the trigger may interfere with the self-cocking shot when the pistol is quickly drawn;
  • The gun is quite heavy;
  • Servicing and repairing a pistol is a rather complicated procedure;
  • Fuses can "knock" the palm and finger that lies on the trigger.

Although the Serdyukov self-loading pistol is in service not only with the special services of Russia, but also with many other countries of the world, since it has excellent combat characteristics, it is unlikely to be adopted by the army and police. The rather complicated design of the pistol makes its price not very acceptable for these law enforcement agencies.

The 9mm Gyurza self-loading pistol was developed in the early 1990s at TSNIITOCHMASH by Petr Ivanovich Serdyukov. At the end of 1996, it was adopted for the special forces of the FSO and the FSB.

The need for a pistol, which is fundamentally different from the personal short-barreled pistol used in the army and in service with law enforcement agencies and special services, appeared in the 1980s. The main reason is the widespread introduction of light personal protective equipment of various classes into the armed forces of many countries of the world. For example, a second-class body armor at close range can withstand a 7.62 mm steel-core bullet fired from a TT, and a 9 mm bullet from a standard NATO cartridge fired from a Beretta M 92FS.

In addition to law enforcement agencies and armies, bulletproof vests began to be used by terrorist and criminal groups. As a rule, no more than 30 percent of the body is protected when using body armor, however, the experience of combat use of personal weapons, especially by police, shows that most fire contacts are sudden and transient. In conditions of lack of time for accurate aiming at vital organs, fire is fired at the hull, which, when using protective equipment, makes it possible to survive and return fire.

Special forces soldiers have always needed to equip the weapons they use with devices that will ensure aimed and low-noise shooting. TsNIITOCHMASH constructs took into account the suggestions of users. So a modification of this powerful and reliable pistol was born.

Automation SR-1M "Gyurza" works on the use of the recoil energy of the shutter during a short stroke of the barrel. Unlocking and locking of the barrel bore is carried out by the shutter during interaction with the swinging contactor. USM trigger type double action with an open location of the trigger makes it possible to fire self-cocked and cocked. The supply of cartridges from a box-shaped removable magazine for 18 cartridges is spring-loaded. The magazine is located in the pistol grip. When changing the magazine, the cartridge is automatically sent to the chamber.

The Gyurza SR-1MP version was equipped with a special module with Piccatini slats. The slats are intended for mounting a collimator sight, a tactical flashlight and a laser designator. A threaded ring is installed at the muzzle of the barrel, which serves to install a flameless and silent firing device. A collimator sight, a laser designator, a tactical flashlight can be attached to the Gyurza SR-1MP pistol. Sighting devices (front sight and rear sight) are located on the gate. The frame of the pistol is made of armamide with fittings. This made it possible to significantly reduce the cost and weight of the weapon.

Safety is ensured by two independent fuses that allow you to instantly open fire. One of the fuses is located on the back of the pistol grip, blocking the sear, the second is placed on the trigger, blocking it. Pistol controls are designed for left and right hand. For the convenience of aimed fire from both hands, notches are made on the front of the trigger guard.

The SR-1M was developed specifically for the 9x21 mm high-efficiency cartridge. The pistol can use the following cartridges.

SP-10. It includes a jacketed bullet with a tungsten carbide core. Bullet SP-10 at a distance of 100 meters pierces class III body armor, and the cylinder head of a car at a distance of 70 meters.

Bullet cartridge SP-11 has a lead core.

The SP-12 cartridge is loaded with an expansive action bullet.

SP-13 has an armor-piercing tracer bullet.

In addition, cartridges 7N28, 7N29, 7BT3 can be used.

Specifications SR-1M "Gyurza":
Caliber - 9×21.
Weight without cartridges - 900 g.
Pistol length - 200 mm.
Barrel length - 120 mm.
Pistol height - 145 mm.
The width of the pistol is 34 mm.
The initial speed of the bullet is 420 meters per second.
Sighting range of fire - 100 m.
Magazine capacity - 18 rounds.
Rate of fire - 40 rounds per minute.

Tactical and technical characteristics of the ATP
USM - double action
Caliber, mm - 9x21 mm (SP-10 (7N29), SP-11 (7N28), SP12, SP-13 (7BTZ))
Length, mm - 200
Height, mm - 145
Width, mm - 34
Barrel length, mm - 120
Rifling - 6, right-handed
Rifling pitch - 350
Weight without cartridges, g - 990
Charged weight, g - 1200
Muzzle velocity, m/s - 390-420
Sighting range, m - 100
Rate of fire, in / m - 40
Magazine capacity - 18

The pistol, known as RG055, SR-1 "Vector", SR-1M "Gyurza", and in 2003 officially adopted by the Russian Armed Forces and the Ministry of Internal Affairs under the designation SPS - Serdyukov Self-Loading Pistol (GRAU index 6P35), was developed in Petr Serdyukov and Igor Belyaev.

At the beginning of 1991, the developers from TsNIITOCHMASH, on the subject of R&D "Rook", were tasked with developing a new pistol complex consisting of a pistol and a cartridge, which in its performance characteristics would be superior to similar weapons that are equipped with foreign armies of the most developed countries, while two basic designs were worked out - with a free shutter and a movable barrel, and with the use of recoil energy with a short stroke of the barrel with its rigid locking.

The first system was not successful, but the pistol of the second design, although it was rejected by the army, aroused the interest of various Russian special services in the mid-1990s, in particular the FSB and the FSO.
All this led to the deployment in Russia of a number of programs to improve short-barreled weapons. At the first stage of this work, which ended by the beginning of the 90s, specialists from the Central Research Institute of Precision Engineering from Klimovsk, near Moscow, determined the requirements for a promising pistol complex. For this reason, it was decided to create weapons in 9 mm caliber, but according to Western standards, where the caliber of weapons is measured by grooves, and not by fields, as was customary in the USSR.

According to the given tactical and technical requirements, the designer of the institute A.B. Yuryev together with the technologist E.S. Kornilova, under the direction of I.P. Kasyanov began to develop a new, very powerful 9x21 mm pistol cartridge with a bullet that has a high damaging effect. This cartridge received the manufacturer's index RG052.

The assignment for the development of a new pistol provided that the effective range of fire should be 50 m. But at the very beginning of work, the leading designer of TsNIITochmash, Petr Ivanovich Serdyukov, having realistically assessed the prospects of the developed cartridge, decided that under these conditions it was quite possible to create a pistol with an effective range of 100 m.

It should be noted here that many of Serdyukov's employees simply did not believe in the possibility of aimed shooting from a pistol at such a range. As one of his closest aides, Igor Belyaev, recalled, the dispute was resolved very simply.

Having strengthened the chest part of the bulletproof vest on the stand and retreated 100 m, Pyotr Ivanovich Serdyukov hit it several times with pistols and Walther P-38, brilliantly proving to his opponents that it is not enough to have a good pistol, you must also be able to shoot from it. Nevertheless, a pistol with an effective firing range of 100 meters still had to be created.

In accordance with the assignment, by the fall of 1991, P.I. Serdyukov created prototypes of two complexes - 7.62-mm PS and 9-mm PS (PS - Serdyukov pistol) chambered for 7.62x25 and (the customer of the pistol assigned them the index 6P35 at that time). Moreover, the old one was chosen not so much at the request of the customer, but for working out the automation of the pistol.

The reason for this decision lay in the fact that the new 9x21-mm pistol cartridge was still being created, and therefore it was available in very small quantities, and it was expensive at that time. The differences between the pistols were only in the caliber of the barrel, the size of the chamber, the magazine and the inside of the handle.

As a result, only in 1993, after the modifications carried out, during which the dimensions and weight of the pistol were reduced, as well as the design of the shutter and some other parts, the pistol saw the light under the name "9-mm self-loading pistol PS", (PS - self-loading pistol , index RG055).

After the delivery in 1993 of an experimental batch of pistols in the amount of 50 pieces to special units of law enforcement agencies, its trial operation began. At the same time, this sample began to be demonstrated at various exhibitions and offered for sale abroad. Trial operation revealed some shortcomings of the gun.

When testing the pistol for "rabies", the barrel was found to swell. To eliminate this drawback, it was necessary to increase the thickness of the barrel walls, which led to an increase in its mass. In this regard, it was necessary to reduce the mass of the shutter. At the same time, the technology of its manufacture was somewhat simplified.
In the course of refinement, the design of the rear sight was simplified. On the front sight and rear sight, to facilitate aiming in low light conditions, recesses filled with light enamel were made. After completion, the second version of the RG055 pistol was born. Outwardly, it differed from the first in the flat oblique edges of the shutter (instead of the radius surface in the first version) and in the simpler design of the rear sight.

In the course of their elimination, the strength of a number of critical parts was increased. The cartridge continued to improve, which during the development received the name RG052. I.P. was engaged in its revision. Kasyanov. Pilot operation of the pistol showed the need for a slight decrease in the initial speed zeros. The core zeros began to be made from steel of a different brand and using advanced technology.

The improved cartridge received the developer index RG054. After the appearance of the first batch of RG055 pistols, they were noticed by the FSB. Special units of this department needed a powerful and compact weapon.

After the completion of the first tests at a specialized training ground of the Ministry of Defense, the customer decided to continue work at TSNIITOCHMASH to further refine the pistol only chambered for 9x21-mm with a bullet with a heat-strengthened steel core.

Difficulties in financing work on the topic, as well as the loss of interest in a pistol chambered for 9x21 mm by the Ministry of Defense, led to the fact that in 1993 the Russian Ministry of Security (now the FSB) ordered the development of a new pistol based on the RG055 pistol and the RG052 cartridge.
Based on the interests of the customer of the pistol, a number of new requirements were presented to him, and the whole topic began to be called "Vector".

In the course of further work on the pistol, the strength and resource of its parts were significantly increased. The barrel bore began to be chrome plated. The thickness of the handle was increased to 34 mm, and the total length of the pistol increased by 5 mm and amounted to 200 mm.

On the side and end surfaces of the handle, corrugation was made, and in the lower part - an eyelet for attaching a cord. The magazine cover began to be made of impact-resistant plastic and thicker than that of the RG055 pistol, which also increased the convenience of holding the pistol. As a result of the changes and improvements made, a complex was born, consisting of a pistol "SR-1" and a cartridge SP-10.

It was put into service in the middle of 1996. The name "Vector" is absent in the decision on the adoption of this complex for service, but we can safely assume that, according to the now unofficial tradition, it will become the second name of the pistol.

The lack of regular funding and orders within the country in the early 90s forced the company to develop an export modification of the pistol complex and offer it for sale abroad.

This modification received the commercial name Model 055C GYURZA, it began to be demonstrated at various foreign and Russian arms exhibitions. For him, an export modification of the SP-10 cartridge was also created under the developer index RG054.

The use of a proper name, so unusual for domestic small arms - "Gyurza" appeared in the course of a discussion of the need and prospects for selling an export version of the new pistol complex abroad.

At a meeting with the director of TSNIITOCHMASH A.V. Khinikadze this name was suggested by the deputy head of the department - one of the leaders of the team for the creation of the pistol complex Vladimir Fedorovich Krasnikov. His considerations, at the same time, were quite specific - the bite of a gyurza, like a shot from a new pistol, is fatal.

In 1997, the Russian Ministry of Defense again returned to considering the possibility of adopting a pistol system chambered for 9x21 mm. As a basis, the SR-1 pistol, already accepted for equipment in the FSB and in some other law enforcement agencies, was considered.

The tests of the pistol were carried out by specialists from the test site of the Ministry of Defense. Work on additional tests of the pistol complex was named "Granite".
Based on the test results, a number of comments were made to the pistol. In particular, complaints were again expressed about the shape of the handle, as well as the relatively large effort required to turn off the magazine latch - this made it difficult to replace it.

According to the results of these tests, the pistol was again finalized. He received a more convenient handle, a push-button store latch and a slightly modified rear sight design. The new version of the weapon was named the 9-mm Serdyukov self-loading pistol (SPS). The names of the cartridges have also changed.

The composition of the 9x21 mm pistol complex included cartridges: 7N28 with a bullet with a lead core in a bimetallic sheath, 7N29 with a bullet with a steel core and 7BTZ with an armor-piercing tracer bullet.

To maintain an acceptable weight of the pistol under a new powerful cartridge, it was necessary to use an automation scheme with a short barrel stroke. To ensure reliable operation of automation in difficult operating conditions, an original locking system was created.

The automatic pistol works on the principle of barrel recoil with a short stroke. The casing-bolt in the combat position completely covers the barrel. An ejector is mounted in its recess on the right. The semi-hidden trigger is accessible to the thumb of the hand holding the weapon.

Here it is worth noting the fact that Browning's “free shutter” turned out to be very seriously modified, and here the specialists, in fact, invented a fundamentally new scheme (although it should be said here that the contactor is used in the locking system of Walther P-38 and Beretta 92 pistols, and quite a long time) which has no analogues in the world yet (or, at least, has not been announced).

The barrel at the time of the shot is locked by a special part - the barrel lock, which, when the shutter moves back, rotates in a vertical plane and exits the shutter grooves, thereby ensuring the disengagement of the barrel and the shutter.

Other original technical solutions were also applied in the new pistol. The return spring is located around the movable barrel, for which a patented solution is used in the form of a special stop (return spring stop) for the rear end of the spring, while the front end of the spring rests on the bolt. During firing, this part remains stationary relative to the frame of the pistol. By the way, a Russian patent for an invention has been issued for this technical solution.

In the design of the frame of the pistol, molded high-impact plastic Armamid is used. A pistol grip is made of it, made integral with the trigger guard. Metal fittings are fixed in the upper part of the frame. It serves to direct the movement of the shutter and fasten a number of parts of the pistol in it.

The trigger mechanism of the pistol is a hammer, double action. However, it has one feature. To produce the first shot by self-cocking, the trigger must be set to the preliminary platoon. The mainspring is in the trigger. The trigger pull force is 1.5-2.5 kg, and when firing by self-cocking - 4-6.5 kg.

Safe handling of the pistol is ensured by two automatic safety locks. One of them, located on the back of the pistol grip, blocks, whispered, the second, located on the trigger, locks the trigger. The expediency of having such fuses on the pistol is justified as follows.

A pistol is a weapon, the decision to use which is made almost instantly before firing. At the moment when your life is in danger, do not waste time removing the safety of the weapon. That is why the pistol "SR-1" is advisable to carry with a cartridge sent to the barrel. Putting the trigger on the safety platoon in this case allows you to immediately open fire as soon as you take out the pistol from the holster. Some users permanently disable the grip safety by wrapping tape or duct tape around the grip.

The barrel of the pistol has six right-hand rifling.

SPS sights - fixed located on the bolt body, have white inserts to facilitate aiming. Aiming at different ranges is carried out by moving the aiming point in height.

A double-row magazine for 18 rounds with a staggered arrangement does not protrude from the handle. The body of the magazine has rows of holes that make it easier and allow you to determine the number of cartridges in it.
The magazine release button latch is located behind the trigger on the handle.

Early production samples of the CP-1 did not have a slide delay, the SPS pistols of the latest releases received a slide delay, which is automatically turned off when a new magazine is inserted into the pistol. The magazine is detached by pressing the thumb and forefinger on the stopper latch located behind the trigger guard. Removing the magazine is facilitated by a feeder spring that pushes it out of the handle.

All over the world there is a good old weapon tradition to make special gift weapons based on combat weapons. They did not forget her at TsNIITochmash either. Local craftsmen mastered the art of filigree decoration and the new pistol.

The marking of the pistol began to contain the trademark of the manufacturer, the type of ammunition used on the right and left sides of the pistol grip and the serial number. The production of the pistol was established at TsNIITochmash and at the Kirov Plant Mayak OJSC in Kirov. They can be distinguished by the size of the trigger guard (it is slightly larger on the Kirov pistol) and by marking the manufacturer's trademark on the side surfaces of the handle. The sign of TsNIITochmash is the head of an owl, and the sign of the Mayak plant is a stylized mathematical sign - a radical.

1 - shutter; 2 - stop return spring (Russian patent);
3 - return spring; 4 - trunk; 5 - frame assembly;
6 - contactor (Russian patent); 7 - wedge;
8 - trigger; 9 - front fuse;
10 - store latch; 11 - rear fuse;
12 - whispered; 13 - thrust; 14 - trigger; 15 - mainspring;
16 - rear sight; 17 - drummer." rel="lightbox"> For the creation of a pistol complex, a group of developers in early 1996 was awarded the prize of the government of the Russian Federation. This pistol is distinguished by good combat accuracy and high penetration.

In August 1997, at the invitation of the Americans, a demonstration of a number of samples of special weapons developed at TsNIItochmash took place in the United States at the Marine Corps test site in Florida. The RG055 pistol was also presented.

Prudent Americans, taking this opportunity, asked to test their bulletproof vests. Imagine the surprise and desperation of the FBI representatives after all the bulletproof vests they presented were pierced without any problems from the pistol of the Russian special services. Although it is worth noting here that the shooting was carried out with armor-piercing cartridges, which, however, does not in the least detract from the combat qualities of the pistol.

The pistol has a "licked" shape. The main advantage of the new pistol is its very high efficiency against targets protected by body armor or obstacles like the sides of a car, for which the pistol received a specially designed 9x21mm SP-10 cartridge (originally designated RG052) with an armor-piercing bullet.

Later, in addition to the SP-10, a number of 9x21mm caliber cartridges were also developed, including cartridges with expansive (SP-12), low-ricochet (SP-11) and tracer (SP-13) bullets. With the SP-10 cartridge, the pistol is able to successfully hit targets in class 3 bulletproof vests with rigid elements at distances up to 50-70 meters. It is also capable of piercing the cylinder head block of an automobile engine. In addition, the SPS pistol has a fairly high magazine capacity and is adapted for operational use. It is currently in service with the FSB and FSO forces, and is offered for export.

To clean the pistol and inspect it, the pistol is not completely disassembled. Partial disassembly is carried out without the use of a special tool.

For this you need:
1. Set the shutter to stop. Holding a pistol with an unloaded magazine by the handle,
move the bolt to the rear position. Check if there is a cartridge in the chamber.
2. Detach the magazine. Held the pistol by the handle, press the thumb
magazine latch button and, holding the magazine with the other hand on the cover, remove it from the handle.
3. Separate the barrel delay. Turning it 90 counterclockwise, remove from the frame.
4. Separate the shutter. Remove the shutter from the shutter delay and, moving it forward, separate it from the frame.
5. Disconnect the barrel from the bolt. Holding the shutter with one hand, with the thumb of the other hand
drown the protruding part of the wedge and, moving the barrel slightly forward, remove it from the bolt.
6. Remove the return spring with stop from the barrel.
7. Separate the contactor from the barrel.


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