Basic phrases for tourists in Vietnamese. What language is spoken in Vietnam: the official language, the language of communication, the necessary colloquial and useful phrases for tourists. Numbers and numbers

What language is spoken in Vietnam is of interest to all tourists who seek to be in this country. And recently, the number of people who travel to this southeastern state has only increased. Vietnam attracts with its exotic nature, inexpensive vacations and the hospitality of the locals, with whom you want to exchange at least a couple of words in their native language.

Official language

Vietnam is a multinational country. It has both official and unrecognized languages. But still, finding out what language is spoken in Vietnam, it is worth recognizing that the majority prefers Vietnamese. It is state-owned, while part of the population is fluent in French, English and Chinese.

The official language of Vietnam is used for education and international communication. Apart from Vietnam itself, it is also common in Laos, Cambodia, Australia, Malaysia, Thailand, Germany, France, USA, Germany, Canada and other countries. In total, it is spoken by about 75 million people, of which 72 million live in Vietnam.

This language in Vietnam is spoken by 86 percent of the population. Interestingly, until the very end of the 19th century, it was mainly used only for everyday communication and writing works of art.

History of Vietnam

Telling what language is spoken in Vietnam, it should be noted that the history of the state left its mark on this. In the 2nd century BC, the territory of the modern country to which this article is devoted was conquered by China. In fact, the Vietnamese remained under the protectorate of the Chinese until the 10th century. It is for this reason that Chinese served as the main language for official and written communication.

In addition, the Vietnamese rulers paid close attention to competitive examinations when appointing a new official to a particular position. This was required to select the most qualified employees; for several centuries, examinations were conducted exclusively in Chinese.

How did the Vietnamese language originate?

Vietnam as an independent literary movement began to emerge only at the end of the 17th century. At that time, a French Jesuit monk named Alexandre de Rhode developed the Vietnamese alphabet based on the Latin. In it, tones were designated by special diacritical marks.

In the second half of the 19th century, the colonial administration of France, in order to weaken the traditional influence of the Chinese language on Vietnam, contributed to its development.

The modern literary Vietnamese language is based on the northern dialect of the Hanoi dialect. At the same time, the written form of the literary language is based on the sound composition of the central dialect. An interesting feature is that in writing each syllable is separated by a space.

Now you know what language is in Vietnam. Nowadays, it is spoken by the absolute majority of the inhabitants of this state. At the same time, according to experts, there are about 130 languages ​​in the country, which are more or less common on the territory of this country. The Vietnamese language is used as a means of communication at the highest level, as well as among the common people. It is the official language in business and education.

Features of the Vietnamese language

Knowing what language is spoken in Vietnam, it is worth understanding its features. It belongs to the Austroasiatic family, the Vietnamese group. Most likely, in its origin it is close to the Muong language, but it was originally classified as a group of Thai dialects.

It has a large number of dialects, of which three main ones are distinguished, each of which is divided into its own dialects and dialects. The northern dialect is common in the center of the country, in Ho Chi Minh City and the surrounding areas, the southern dialect is popular. All of them differ in vocabulary and phonetics.

Grammar

In total, the Vietnamese language has about two and a half thousand syllables. Interestingly, their number may vary depending on belonging to a particular dialect. It is an isolating language that is both tonal and syllabic at the same time.

In almost all languages ​​of this group, complex words are simplified to monosyllabic ones, often this also applies to historical words, although the opposite trend has recently begun. The Vietnamese language lacks inflections and analytical forms. That is, all grammatical relations are built solely on the basis of function words, and prefixes, suffixes and affixes do not play any role in this. Significant parts of speech include verbs, adjectives and predicatives. Another distinguishing feature is the use of related terms instead of personal pronouns.

word formation

Most of the words in the literary Vietnamese language are formed with the help of affixes, mostly of Chinese origin, as well as the addition of roots, doubling words or syllables.

One of the key features of word formation is that all components involved in the formation of words are monosyllabic. Surprisingly, one syllable can have several meanings at once, which can change from intonation when they are pronounced.

The sentence has a fixed word order: the subject comes first, then the predicate and object. Most Vietnamese words are borrowed from Chinese, and from different historical periods, there is also a lot of Austroasiatic vocabulary.

The names of people in Vietnam are made up of three words - this is the surname of the mother or father, the nickname and the name. The Viet are not called by their last name, as in Russia, most often they are identified by name. Another feature of Vietnamese names in earlier times was that the middle name explicitly indicated the sex of the child at birth. Moreover, if the name of the girl consisted of one word, then the boy could have several dozen words. In our time, this tradition has disappeared.

Popularity of the Vietnamese language

Due to the fact that today this language is spoken in many Asian and European countries, it is not surprising that its popularity is growing every year. Many learn it in order to open a business in this rapidly developing state.

Certain goods from Vietnam are now not inferior either in quality or in value, and the culture and traditions are so interesting and amazing that many seek to join them.

In Vietnam itself, English, French and Chinese are actively used in the tourism sector, quite a lot of Russian-speaking staff can be found, especially among those who received education in the USSR in Soviet times. Those who master this language note that it is very similar to Chinese. In both languages, syllables carry a special semantic load, and intonation plays an almost decisive role.

In Russia, this is a rather rare language, there are only a few schools that will help you master it. If you still decide to study it, then be prepared for the fact that classes can begin only after the group is recruited, you may have to wait a long time, so it is better to initially focus on meetings with an individual teacher.

Common phrases in Vietnamese

So it's not easy to learn this language. At the same time, you often want to build communication in Vietnam in your native dialect in order to win over local residents. It is not difficult to master a few popular phrases that will demonstrate in a conversation how much you penetrate the local culture:

• Hello xing tiao.
• Dear friends - like bang than mein.
• Goodbye - hyung gap lay nya.
• Where will we meet - tyung ta gap nyau o dau?
• Bye - ddi nhe.
• Yes - tso, wang, yes.
• No - hong.
• Thank you - he is.
• Please - hong tso chi.
• Sorry - hin loy.
• What is your name - an tein la di?
• My name is... toy tein la...

We hope you have learned a lot of interesting things about the language and culture of Vietnam. We wish you interesting trips to this country!

Today we want to share really useful phrases in Vietnamese. This will be very useful when, upon arrival in Vietnam, you come, for example, to a market or a store. The Vietnamese mostly do not know English, rather they will know a few words in Russian. However, if you show respect for their culture and country with your knowledge of some phrases, this will help you to reduce the price and win them over.

The Vietnamese language is very difficult to perceive "by ear" because it contains many vowels and each of them can contain 6 keys. You have to have an almost musical ear to catch all these subtleties. For the Vietnamese, the Russian language is extremely difficult, because it contains a lot of hard, hissing and voiced consonants. But we will not bother our heads again and present you with some really useful phrases:

"Hello" - xing tiao
"Goodbye" - there beats
"Yes Yes
"No" - hong
"Thank you" - KAM ON
"Thank you very much" - KAM ON NIE "U
"What is the price?" - bao NIE "U
"Ice" - yes
"Bread" - bang mi
"Iced Tea" - cha yes
"Coffee with ice and condensed milk" - cafe su yes
"The Score" - Tinh Tien
Addressing the waiter or anyone - uh oh
"Rice" - com
"Fish" - ka
"Chicken" - ha
"Beef" - Bo Zero Hong
"One" -Mot
"Two" - Hai
"Three" - Ba
"Four" - Bon
"Five" - ​​Nam
"Six" - Sau
"Seven" - Bai
"Eight" - There
"Nine" - Tien
"Ten" - Muoi

The pronunciation of Vietnamese words and phrases in this mini-phrasebook is given approximately. It is not recommended to actively use these words and phrases, since if the intonation is incorrect, the meaning of what was said can be greatly distorted. This is due to the fact that the Vietnamese language is a tonal language and it would seem that the same word, but, said differently, means completely different things and concepts.
The "g" sound at the end of a word is not pronounced clearly. If two “a” sounds are written, then this means just an elongated “a”. The sound "x" after "t" is pronounced weakly.

At the top of the image, the inscription in large letters in Vietnamese means "Dong Xuan Market" (Cho - market). In the lower part - "Hanoi Station". The word "ga" (station) comes from the French "gare".

Airport, arrival, control

Plane - May Bai
Passport - ho chieu
Customs - hai quaan
Immigration Control - Nyap Cang
Visa - thii tuk.
Laundry - zhatto (GIẶT ĐỒ)

In a hotel

Hotel - khaak shan
I would like to book - laam en cho doi dat chook moot
Can I see? - goy do te sam fom diok khon?
From ... to ... (meaning living from such and such a date to such and such) - du ... dan ...
Number - with
How much is the room? Zya mot fom laa bow nyeu?
Date - ngai taang
We're moving out tomorrow - ngai mai chung doi zeri dai
Credit card - tae ding zung
Air conditioner - mai lan

At the restaurant

Restaurant - nya han[g]
I would like - shin cho doi
Beef - thiet bo
pork - thyit heyo
Chicken - thiet ga
Fish - kaa
Nuts - dow fong
Spoon - kai thia
Knife - gon zao
Fork - kai nya

Numbers

Tourists often have to deal with numbers.
One - mot
Two - hi
Three - ba
Four - bon
Five - us
Six - shaw
Seven - bye
Eight - there
Nine - ting
Ten - my
Further simply: 11 - ten and one = my mot, twelve = my high, etc. Only 15 will not be mine for us, but for my lama.
Twenty - hi myoy (that is, two ten), 21 - hi myoi mot (two ten one).
One hundred - mot cham, that is, one hundred. 101 - mot cham lin mot, that is, one hundred, then something like zero, then one. 123 - mot cham hai myoi ba (one hundred,
two tens, three).
A thousand is ngin, a million is chieu.
Percentage - fan chum. 100% - mot cham fan cham.

Pronouns

I am that, mine is ku: and that
You are kau an or kau ti, depending on whether you are a man or a woman
address (an - man, ti - woman) yours - ku: a kau, a
also kua:an, kua:ti
You are an, yours is ku:a an
He is an_hey, om_hey, ku:a
She, her - ti_ey, ba_ey, ku: a, ti_ey,
ku:a ba_ey
We, our - tyun [g] _ta, tyun [g] _toy,
ku: a tyun [g] _ta, ku: a tyun [g] _toy
You, yours - how_an (how_ti, how om, how ba), ku: how_an (ku: how_ti,
ku: how about om, ku: how about ba)
They, them - ho ku: a ho
Who, whose - ah, ku: ah ah
What - zi, kai zi
This, that, this, these - nai
That, that, that, those - cue

Greetings

Hello - xin tiao (the sound "t" is pronounced as the average between "h" and "t"). This greeting is the most universal and most commonly used.
Its varieties:

When referring to a man under 40-45 years old - Tiao an!
when referring to a woman up to 40-45 years old - Tiao ti!
when referring to an elderly man / elderly woman - Tiao om! / Tiao ba!
… sir/mistress - Tiao om!/tiao ba!
… friend - Tiao bang!
... when referring to the youngest in age - Tiao um!
... when referring to a child - Tiao chiau!
When referring to a group of people, the word is added as denoting the plural.
... when referring to men - Tiao kak_an / kak_om! (depending on age)
... when referring to women - Tiao kak_ti / kak_ba! (depending on age)
... when addressing men and women, if representatives of both are present
sexes - Tiao kak_an, kak_ti (kak_om, kak_ba)!
... friends (gentlemen, lord and lady, comrades) - Tiao kak_ban (kak_om, om_ba, kak_dom_ti)!
Goodbye - There _ beats an! (instead of an, you say ti, om, ba, etc., depending on who you say goodbye to). But, so it is said in solemn occasions. More common is simply "Tiao".

In the town

Please tell me - Lam_yn te_bet ...
What's the address here? Dea chii laa zi?
Where is the bank - ngan_han[r] o:dow?
The key word here is where - o: yeah?
For example: "Where is the train station?" - nya_ga o: yeah? etc …
Shop - kya_han[g]
Bus stop - cham se_buit
Hairdresser - hieu kat_tauk
Toilet - nya ve sing
Taxi rank - ben tak_si

Help me please - lam_eun (please) zup (help) that (me, me)
Please write to me - lam_eun (please) viet ho (write) to (me, me)
Please repeat again - sin nyak_lai mot lan nya
Please explain to me - lam_yn zai_thyt tyo toy
Let me ask you - cho_fep toy hoi
What is it called in Vietnamese? - kai_nai tyen [g] viet goi te_nao?
One hundred grams - mot_cham (one hundred) gam (gram)

Thank you - kam_yn.
Thank you very much - zhet kam_yn an (instead of an, they say ti, om, ba, etc., depending on who you thank).

Communication

Sorry - blue_loy

Khong can. Pronounced as "(k) hom kan" - do not need, do not need (categorical form).

Shopping, shopping - mua ban

I (that) want (muon) to try on (mak_thy) ...
dress (ao_wai) is (nai)
kuan (trousers) nai (these)
skirt (wai) nai (this one)

What is the price? - Zao bao nyeu?
Very expensive - dat cua
Couldn't it be cheaper? - ko zhe hung khom?

Electronic phrasebooks

With the development of compact electronic devices, they began to “sew” voice electronic translation programs, briefly called electronic phrasebooks. The same term applies to the devices themselves, the only function of which is electronic interpretation.
Electronic transfers are also carried out by other devices, such as smartphones or tablet computers, if they provide the appropriate hardware and software functionality.

Electronic phrasebooks can also be used as mini-tutorials of a foreign language.

Some models of electronic phrasebooks contain programs and vocabulary databases for translating several dozen languages ​​in various directions. They are especially attractive for those who travel a lot and often to different countries. Their cost is in the range of $150-200.

The Vietnamese language is very complex, since the vowels in it have different tones, which is why the Russian-Vietnamese phrasebook for tourists includes a minimum of words. A Russian-Vietnamese phrasebook will come in handy in local markets and restaurants, but keep in mind that a person unfamiliar with the rules of Vietnamese pronunciation will speak with a strong accent and may not be understood. In tourist areas, they are used to this and usually understand simple phrases spoken by foreigners, but once you go to places far from resorts, it will be much more difficult for you to express yourself, even using a Russian-Vietnamese phrasebook.

Russian-Vietnamese phrasebook: why is it needed

Use our short Russian-Vietnamese phrase book, because if the Vietnamese manage to understand you, they will be very happy about it, they will treat you with great warmth and give you more discounts than they usually give.

Russian-Vietnamese phrasebook: greeting and farewell

The Vietnamese, when greeting each other, usually focus on who they are addressing. Depending on age and gender, the greeting may sound different. But, in order not to get confused in addresses, our Russian-Vietnamese phrasebook offers you a single common greeting that is suitable for everyone: Xin chao(Xin chao). Coming to any cafe or shop, say "Xin Chao", this will greatly please the Vietnamese.

You can say goodbye using the word Tạm biệt(There beats). This expression is suitable for places to which you may not return (means rather "goodbye"). If you want to be even more polite and indicate the possibility of a new meeting, you can say Hẹn gặp lại(Heng gap lai), which can be translated into Russian as "see you, see you."

What is the most useful word in any country after greeting? Well, of course, this is the word "thank you." In Vietnamese it sounds like Cảmơn(Kam he). It is very easy to remember it, since many people know an English expression that sounds similar, but means completely different =)

If in response to your thanks, you will hear the words Khong cō gì(Hon ko chi), it means "not at all".

Russian-Vietnamese phrasebook: in a restaurant

In a restaurant, the following mini Russian-Vietnamese phrasebook will come in handy.

In order to find out which dish is better to order, ask the waiter a question Mon gì ngon?(Mon zi nyon). This phrase will be approximately equivalent to the Russian question - "Which of the dishes is good?".

Eating in a Vietnamese cafe, you will definitely want to thank the chef and express your thoughts about food. Vietnamese dishes can be as simple as chicken rice or noodle soup, or as exotic and intricate as swallow nest soup or crocodile barbecue. Either way, this meal will be delicious! This can be said using a simple phrase Ngon qua!(Non qua), which means "very tasty" in translation.
To ask for a bill, say: Tinh tiền(Tinh Tien), the waiter must understand you and calculate.

Russian-Vietnamese phrasebook: on the market

In order to make it easier to navigate the market, you need to know the numbers:

• one - một(mot)
• two - hai(hai)
• three - ba(ba)
• four - bốn(bon)
• five - năm(us)
• six - sau(sau)
• seven - bảy(bay)
• eight - tam(there)
• nine - chin(chin)
• ten - mười(mui)

In order to bargain, one elementary đắt qua(Dat kva) - very expensive. For convenience, you can set your price using a calculator, every seller should have it.

It remains to be added that if you do not know a word of Vietnamese, this is also not scary. On the territory of most resorts, the Vietnamese speak English or even Russian (in Mui Ne, most sellers, managers and administrators speak Russian), so you are unlikely to have difficulties communicating.

Common phrases
		tso, wang, yes
You are welcome		hong tso chi
Sorry
Hello
Goodbye
I didn't understand
What is your name?	ten anh (chi) la gi?	ten ankh la gi
		nya ve sin
How much is it?	cai nay gia bao nhieu?	cai nai gia bao nhieu?
What time is it now?	may gio ro'i nhi?	mau gio ro "and nhi?
Do you speak English	co noi tieng khong?	tso noi tieng hong ankh?
How to say it?	cai nay tieng noi the?	cai nai tieng noi te?
I'm from Russia	toi đến từ Nga	toi den tou nga
Hotel
Store (shopping)
Cash
Credit card	thẻ tín dụng thẻ	tae ting dung te
To wrap up
No change	mà không cần dùng	ma hong san dung
Very expensive
Transport
Motorbike		hae gang mai
The airport
		ha he lua
Departure		di ho hanh
Arrival
emergency cases
Fire Department	sở cứu hỏa	with suu hoa
		do "n tsankh sat
Ambulance	xe cứu thương	hae suu huong
Hospital		benh vien
		hieu tuoc
Restaurant
		nuoz tri tsau
Ice cream

Vietnamese language

What is the language in Vietnam

Official language in Vietnam- Vietnamese (tieng viet).

Vietnamese is also widely spoken in Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Malaysia, Australia, France, Germany, USA, Canada. It is spoken by more than 80 million people worldwide.

Vietnamese language has its own characteristics in different regions of the country. There are three main dialects: northern, central and southern.

Since Hanoi is a city with a developed tourist infrastructure, in hotels, restaurants and cafes, the staff speaks spoken English. In the service sector, French and Russian are also in use. Difficulties in translation Russian travelers in the developed tourist centers of Vietnam are bypassed.

Vietnamese language has a complex phonological structure. One word, pronounced with different intonation and tone, can have up to six meanings.

Long time Vietnamese language was influenced by the Chinese language. Two-thirds of the words of the Viet language come from Chinese, and during the period of French rule, the Vietnamese vocabulary was enriched with French words.

Before the beginning of the 20th century vietnam alphabet was hieroglyphic. But a little over a century ago, a letter in the Latin alphabet was introduced in the country. Diacritical marks were added to the Latin vowels to indicate the tone of the letter's pronunciation. The modern Vietnamese alphabet consists of 29 letters.