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Basic principles of service combat activity. The main types of military activity and their features. Types of military activity and their

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Military service is a type of human activity that not only has a high social significance, but goes beyond the ordinary, associated with special conditions. Armed defense of the Fatherland at all times was considered an honorable duty and duty of every citizen. At the same time, the army has always been considered as a particle of society, therefore, it reflects all the socio-economic and political processes that take place in society, as well as all the laws of the international situation.

The end of the XX - the beginning of the XXI century. are characterized by the emergence of a number of hotbeds of military tension, which are associated not with problems in relations between states, but with the strengthening of international terrorism. Therefore, in the new XXI century. there is a need for armed defense of the country, and consequently, military professional activity retains its high social significance. What are the features of this activity?

Military-professional activity is activity for the defense of the Fatherland. It contains numerous components. First of all, these are the following two main types: activities in combat conditions

(combat activity) and activities in normal (peaceful) conditions

Let's take a closer look at these activities.

combat activity

This is the activity of military personnel to achieve the goals of armed struggle. It should be noted that combat activity is very specific in terms of its goals and tasks, conditions, means, difficulties, and psychological content. It has its own psychological patterns, a certain internal structure, goals, motives, ways through which a number of factors influence its course: military-political, military-technical, ideological and psychological, type of weapon, team leadership, educational work carried out in battle, combat and psychological training of personnel.

The psychological content and structure of combat activity is affected by the fact that in combat complex tasks associated with danger to life, destruction of valuables, huge destruction, losses in people and equipment, various deprivations and inconveniences are solved. The conduct of combat is associated with an increase in moral and legal responsibility for the precise performance of duties, and requires extreme mental and physical exertion of all the forces of military personnel.

As mentioned above, any human activity has its own motives. Combat activity is no exception. If we talk about the motives for the start of hostilities at the state level, then the main reason here is almost always the emergence of a real threat to the integrity and security of the country. In turn, the conduct of hostilities involves the manifestation of a certain activity on the part of specific people (military personnel). At the same time, the activity of people in combat conditions (combat activity of military personnel) has its own motives, which include: needs, feelings, desires, aspirations, interests, ideals, beliefs, etc.

Undoubtedly, the most important need in combat is the desire of a person to survive. This is a normal, genetically determined need for self-preservation. However, in different people it can manifest itself in different ways and can have different consequences - both for a particular person and for his social environment. For example, one person actively and purposefully masters military equipment and modern combat techniques, because he understands that in battle the one who is better prepared has more chances to survive. At the same time, another person in a combat situation seeks to avoid dangerous situations, tries to hide behind the backs of his comrades, i.e., shows cowardice [36].


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The concept of military activity dates back to ancient times, with the advent of organized groups of well-armed people to control and protect the interests of certain state systems.

Military activity has existed throughout the entire period since the emergence of statehood, it has played and is playing an important role in the existence of any state. At present, the positive attitude of Russian society towards the Armed Forces has noticeably increased and continues to increase in our country. In order to deeply and comprehensively study the motivational and semantic sphere of any activity, in our case military, it is necessary to clarify the essence and content of the basic concepts.

Considering the activity of people in the Armed Forces, it should be noted that military activity occupies an important place in the hierarchy of military personnel, which determines its special social significance. There are two distinctive types of activity in the Armed Forces, such as military and combat. Implying military activity in peacetime, and combat activity in wartime.

Under military activity, the Charter of the Internal Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation refers to all the actions of military personnel taking place directly in peacetime. These include combat exercises, combat training, park and economic activities, training activities for the study of equipment and weapons in service. All actions occurring before or after combat activities can be attributed to military activities.

Service and combat activities, in accordance with the Charter of the Internal Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, ensure a high level of military readiness for the immediate fulfillment of the tasks assigned to them related to the performance of military activities in combat conditions. Service and combat activities include combat duty, guard and internal service.

Consider such terms of the Charter of the internal service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation as combat duty, guard duty, internal service. Combat duty (combat service) is the performance of a combat mission. It is carried out by duty forces and means assigned from military units and subunits of the branches of the Armed Forces and combat arms. The composition of the forces and means on duty includes combat crews, crews of ships and aircraft, duty shifts of command posts, forces and means of combat support and maintenance. The guard service is intended for the reliable protection and defense of combat banners, storage facilities, with weapons, military and other equipment, ammunition, explosives, other property of military and state facilities, as well as for the protection of arrested and convicted persons held in the bay (guardhouse) and in disciplinary battalion. Guards are equipped to carry out guard duty. Internal service, a type of service in military units and on ships to maintain internal order, ensure normal living conditions, life and study of military personnel, monitor the strict fulfillment by each military personnel of general military and official duties, organize and ensure order and guards at the location of the military unit (on the ship).

The federal law comments on the professional activities of modern long-term servicemen are very diverse. On the one hand, this is due to the complex structure of the Armed Forces, the presence of various military specialties, on the other hand, with the development of human society, military service itself becomes more complex. Today, it is no longer enough for a soldier to have good physical development, he must also have certain knowledge, without which it is impossible to competently operate military equipment, and, consequently, to win in modern warfare. Highlighting several main areas in the military professional activity of a long-term serviceman: managing the activities of a military team; education and training of the personnel of the unit (unit); continuous improvement of their professional skills and knowledge.

A.N. Leontiev defines activity as “a meaningful and purposeful interaction of a person with the environment, mediated by external and internal activity, or a specific type of human activity aimed at understanding and creatively transforming the surrounding reality and oneself. According to him, the activity of the subject - external and internal - is mediated and regulated by mental reflection of reality. What in the objective world appears to the subject as motives, goals and conditions of his activity, must be perceived by him in one way or another, represented, understood, retained and reproduced in his memory; the same applies to the processes of his activity and to himself - to his states and properties, features. Thus, the analysis of activity leads us to the traditional topics of psychology.

At present, there are many different systematizations of the forms of human activity, which include material (practical), spiritual, industrial, social and other types of activity. First of all, we note the division into spiritual and practical activities. Practical activity is aimed at changing the real objects of nature and society. Changes in nature include material production activities, and changes in society include social transformational activities. The spiritual part is aimed at changing people's consciousness. The spiritual part includes cognitive activity (reflection of reality in artistic and scientific form), value-oriented activity (positive or negative attitude towards the world, phenomena), prognostic activity (planning and foreseeing future changes. It is also necessary to note among the variety of human activity creative and destructive activity.Cities, settlements, cultural heritage in art and not only, everything that a person creates in his life for his own and the common good.Destructive activity includes, first of all, wars - these are dead people , destroyed houses, burned villages and villages, many crippled destinies.But the activity of people in their respective positions, having a certain power over people, the use of their powers of power for other purposes can be just as destructive.

D.S. Eremin in his work defines military activity as “a complex social phenomenon, a part of public life, which is a material, sensual-objective and expedient activity of people in the field of military affairs and includes military-practical and military-research activities. The content and forms of military activity are constantly changing and developing. In the process of historical analysis of its manifestations, military experience of the past and modern military activity are singled out. Military activity is carried out in the form of armed struggle, combat duty, combat and moral-psychological training of troops, management activities of headquarters and other military command and control bodies, training of military personnel, military scientific activities, etc.

All types and forms of military activity have always been and will be interconnected, as they complement and condition each other in the performance of assigned tasks. This includes the interaction of different structures in resolving issues of national importance, both in the protection of especially important objects, and in the search for criminals, and the preservation of the safety of life of citizens of the Russian Federation.

The activity of the subject, as noted by A.V. Petrovsky, “always associated with some need, being an expression of the subject’s need for something, the need causes his search activity, in which the plasticity of activity is manifested - its assimilation to the properties of objects that exist independently of it. In this subordination to the object, likening to it, is the determinism of activity by the external world. In the process of this assimilation, the need "gropes" for its object, objectifies it, turns it into a specific motive of activity. In the future, the activity of the subject is no longer directed by the object itself, but by its image that arises in the search situation.

As distinguished by D.S. Eremin “military activity has social, human and cultural significance. It is an "objective value" as an object of a value relationship, evaluated in terms of good and evil, truth or not truth, beauty or ugliness, permissible or forbidden, fair or unfair, etc. The methods and criteria on the basis of which the very procedures for evaluating military activity are carried out are fixed in the public consciousness and culture (attitudes and assessments, imperatives and prohibitions, goals and projects expressed in the form of normative ideas), acting as guidelines for the life of society. The value categories express the ultimate orientations of knowledge about military activities, interests and preferences of various social groups and individuals.

E.F. Banking represents the basis of activity not only by subject content, but also by human needs. It takes into account “the presence of subjective and objective possibilities, the presence of a goal, the absence of opposing needs acting in the same direction as the basic need. And only after that, on the basis of the motive that this behavior has for the subject and is experienced as the subjective basis of the decision to act in this way and not otherwise, the subject justifies, authorizes this behavior. The motive replaces one behavior with another, less acceptable more acceptable, and in this way creates the possibility of a certain activity.

Any historically defined specific society can be characterized by a special set and hierarchy of values ​​of military activity, the concept of which acts as the highest level of social regulation. It fixes those aspects of the social recognition of military activity (by a given society and social group), on the basis of which more definite and special concepts of normative control, the corresponding social institutions and the purposeful actions of people themselves are deployed. Assimilation of the concept of values ​​of military activity by an individual is considered one of the conditions for its socialization and maintenance of lawful order in society.

According to E.F. Bankovsky, “an analysis of many types of labor activity showed that the most significant factor in the regulation of behavior is emotional stability. Motivation may even exceed the optimal level for action, but the behavior is carried out inefficiently due to the disorganizing role of the emotional state. It turns out that it is not enough to master the methods of self-motivation, one must also be able to regulate one's states. The dependence of emotional stability on the moral and volitional qualities of a person, the ability to arbitrarily inhibit unwanted emotional reactions were revealed; - connection with the general fitness of a person in arbitrary self-regulation of various processes.

HELL. Lizichev in his work states that “for most modern psychological developments, it is characteristic to single out the leading role of motivational aspects in the psychological structure of activity. And it is no coincidence that a direct appeal to the motivational-personal analysis of activity is one of the leading requirements of a systematic approach. At present, a sharp increase in the technical equipment and information richness of military labor leads to a number of psychologically significant changes in its content: an increase in the speed of information processing, decision-making and executive actions; an increase in the proportion in control systems of directly unobservable processes, the absence in many cases of direct contact with the enemy, remote control of means of armed struggle, an increase in the significance of each individual decision and practical action for the outcome of a battle; the need for a long time to be in a high degree of readiness to destroy an enemy capable of unexpectedly, in a matter of seconds, appearing in a combat zone, etc. All this, without reducing the requirements for a person’s readiness to endure heavy physical exertion, raises the question of the cognitive and theoretical capabilities of a serviceman in a new way - the stability of his attention, the speed and accuracy of perception, the speed and flexibility of thinking, independence, readiness to make a decision under a strict time limit, psychological stability, determination.

As the Soviet psychologist Gorbov F. noted: “In some cases, even an indisputable personal quality, determined on an individual basis ... has only a relative readiness to determine the contribution that will be made by this person during the period of joint group activity” .

At the same time, A.D. Lizichev in his work comments on modern weapons, “the methods of their use make it necessary to combine significant masses of people and equipment into various complexes and complex systems. The elements of these systems are in a complex relationship over large spaces. The role of each element (crew, crew, individual) has increased unprecedentedly. Often the success of the entire system depends on one person. But the role of an individual person is highly appreciated only if the whole complex acted without error.

The activity of the military initially implies a constant risk to life, because. the serviceman is the first to meet the enemy while defending the borders of the Motherland. Of particular danger to a serviceman is the weapons and military equipment of the enemy, as well as his own Armed Forces. In order to reduce the degree of danger, it is necessary to qualitatively prepare and train military personnel in the professional possession and control of weapons and equipment. Prepare morally for the fulfillment of the assigned tasks, develop the ability to sacrifice, overcome fear in battle and other strong-willed qualities of a warrior.

Considering the importance of the profession in the life of young people, A.V. Petrovsky believes that “this is the most important channel of social mobility, a source of material well-being and gaining prestige in society. At present, there is a big gap between the level of aspirations of a certain part of young people and the real level of their capabilities. The level of claims a person sets somewhere between too difficult and too easy tasks and goals, in such a way as to maintain his self-esteem at the proper height. The formation of the level of claims is determined not only by the anticipation of success or failure, but, above all, by a sober, and sometimes vaguely aware, consideration and evaluation of past successes or failures. Self-esteem is closely related to the level of claims - this is the desired level of self-esteem of the individual (the level of the image of "I"), manifested in the degree of difficulty of the goal that a person sets for himself. The self-consciousness of the individual, using the mechanism of self-assessment, sensitively registers the ratio of his own claims and real achievements.

IN AND. Slobodchikov argued that “the expectations and assessments of young people in the labor market often do not meet the requirements that employers impose on their potential employees - discipline, responsibility, the ability and desire to work well, the ability to adapt to specific working conditions, and hence unemployment among young people. people is 1.5 times higher than the national average. That gives us the opportunity to draw the appropriate conclusions about the need to work with the young staff, on their psychological component and motivational sphere of activity.

Service and combat activities internal troops is continuous, active, coordinated and interconnected in terms of goals, tasks, place and time military, administrative and economic and other types of activities of districts, formations to military units, carried out independently or jointly with the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation, other federal executive bodies authorities of the Russian Federation in order to successfully fulfill the assigned tasks.

Military activity is a combination of various forms of use of troops and methods of military operations, as well as reconnaissance measures used by internal troops in the performance of the tasks assigned to them. It is based on the use of personnel, weapons and equipment, and other means that are in service with internal troops, and includes: military service, actions in emergency circumstances (emergency situations), participation in special operations, military operations in wartime.

military service - performance of duties of military service by servicemen of internal troops as part of a guard, garrison, outpost, military outfit, as well as as part of military units (subdivisions) in the performance of assigned tasks.

Combat service is subdivided into patrol service, service for ensuring public security during mass events, guard, search, regime-commandant and regime-quarantine.

Guard- an armed unit or part of it, assigned to perform a combat mission of guarding and defending an object (section of the ZATO perimeter, special cargo).

Sentry - armed sentry, performing a combat mission of guarding and defending the post assigned to him.

Post - everything entrusted for the protection and defense of the sentry, as well as the place or area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe terrain in which he performs his duties.

Outpost- a full-time unit designed to directly perform the service and combat mission of protecting a section of a controlled zone and checkpoints of a closed administrative-territorial formation or an artificial structure on a communication line (some other objects). When performing tasks to ensure the regime of a state of emergency, an outpost is a military detachment assigned to prevent the entry of unauthorized persons and unauthorized passage of vehicles into a protected area. Under these conditions, the outpost is reinforced with armored vehicles (armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles), ZU-23-2, SPG-9, AGS-17, RPG-7, vehicles and mobile (portable) communications, service dogs, is allocated for service from the military unit by order commander of a military unit for up to 7 days. An officer of the regular unit is appointed as the head of the outpost.

The outpost can perform the following tasks:

Prevent the presence of armed citizens in the security zone, take measures to detain and disarm them, up to and including destruction in the event of armed resistance;

Ensure the safety of field agricultural work in the security zone and near it if citizens have passes and applications in the prescribed form, signed by the commandant and the head of the administration of the given district (settlement);

Conduct surveillance and reconnaissance at the approaches to the outpost, settlements, facilities located in the area of ​​responsibility;

Prevent armed formations from breaking through the security zone in their area of ​​responsibility in close cooperation with neighboring units;

Carry out, if necessary, check the documents of citizens, and, according to the available data on the presence of weapons, carry out their personal search and search of vehicles.

The equipment of the location of the outpost depends on various terrain conditions. The basis of the location of the outpost is a strong point; taking into account the fact that the outpost must be ready to conduct all-round defense, both main and reserve firing positions are equipped at its location. Depending on the terrain, the outpost is assigned a zone of responsibility within 2-3 km in order to prevent the breakthrough of armed formations through the security zone to settlements (objects). Within the same limits, trenches (positions) can be opened in advance on the ground, which the personnel occupies according to the combat crew. The main attention is paid to the organization of the fire system. For each position, a fire card is issued in accordance with the requirements of the Combat Regulations of the Ground Forces.

From the outpost, fixed and mobile posts can be assigned to firing positions along the boundaries of the strong point, observation posts, patrols and maneuver groups.

Garrison - a unit temporarily assigned to guard and defend an object (a section of the perimeter of an object) and perform other tasks within the time limits set by the senior commander without a daily shift by another unit.

Methods of military operations. Depending on the current situation and the assigned task, the internal troops use the following methods of military operations: search; blocking; the pursuit; environment; cordon; dispersal (displacement); patrolling; security; escort; accompaniment; observation; demonstrative actions; cover; containment; release; capture; inspection.

In wartime, as well as when participating in measures to eliminate illegal armed formations, if they offer armed resistance, repel an attack on protected objects, internal troops can conduct military operations.

Search - actions of military units (subdivisions) to detect and detain criminals in their likely locations.

Blocking- actions of subdivisions (units) to isolate the area (object) where an illegal armed formation (criminals, enemy) is located in order to prevent exit from it, to ensure their search and detention.

Environment - actions of formations (military units, divisions) to isolate a detected illegal armed group (criminals, enemy) in order to detain or liquidate them.

cordon- actions of formations (military units) to isolate the area (object) of mass riots in the settlement, the area of ​​emergency and while ensuring public safety during mass events in order to prevent unauthorized entry (exit) of citizens to this area (to the object).

Dispersal (displacement)- actions of formations (military units) to dissect the accumulation of participants in mass riots into separate groups in order to ensure the removal of the organizers and restore order.

Patrolling - a way to perform a task by a sentry, military detachment on the ground (section of a controlled or restricted zone), route (area) in order to protect public order, monitor objects, lines, directions and areas.

Escort- a method of military operations used for the protection and defense of important cargo during transportation, the evacuated population (refugees) and in other cases from the reception point to the destination and back. Trains (road trains) passing through quarantine areas are also accompanied by military orders of formations (military units).

containment as a method of military operations is used by formations (military units) with a lack of forces and means or when other methods of action are inexpedient or unprofitable.

Release- a method of military operations in order to free from blocking protected objects, military camps, units (subdivisions), military orders.

The pursuit - the relentless movement of units (military units), military personnel behind hiding criminals (violators, the enemy) in order to detain them.

Capture - the actions of units to storm the location of armed offenders, their detention, and with active resistance - liquidation.

Cover - actions of units to ensure the fulfillment of the task by the capture (seizure) group, support it with fire, special means.

Inspection - actions of units for checking objects, vehicles in order to detect wanted criminals, seize illegally stored (transported) weapons, ammunition, explosives, narcotic substances and other items and substances prohibited in civil circulation.

Patrol service - military service of military outfits dressed up from special motorized military units (military units of operational purpose), carried out jointly with the internal affairs bodies in order to protect public order, ensure public safety and fight crime on the streets, transport facilities, and in other public places of cities and towns points.

Service for ensuring public security during mass events - combat service of special motorized formations and military units, operational formations and military units, carried out jointly with the internal affairs bodies in order to protect public order and ensure public safety in the area (place) of a mass event.

guard service - combat service of guards, garrisons and outposts, dressed up from military units and subdivisions for the protection of important state facilities and special cargo, places of special work, facilities on communications, warehouses and military bases of the district departments of logistics and military supply of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, carried out in order to ensuring the safety of objects and their material means, suppressing an attack on an object, the penetration of violators and prohibited items into the object (from the object).

Regime and commandant service - combat service of military units, subdivisions and military detachments to ensure the state of emergency, protect public order and public safety, carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation in areas where a state of emergency has been introduced.

Regime-quarantine service - combat service of military units, subdivisions and military detachments to ensure isolation and restrictive measures, protect public order and ensure public safety in an emergency area, carried out to eliminate the consequences of accidents, disasters, fires, natural disasters, epidemics and epizootics.

MILITARY ATTRACTIONS

military outfit - this is a unit (group of military personnel) assigned to carry out combat service for the protection of public order, ensuring public safety, the state of emergency, for actions in emergency circumstances (emergency situations) and in special operations, as well as for the protection of special cargo on certain modes of transport.

When performing tasks for the protection of public order, the following types of military outfits are assigned: patrol, order guard post, military chain and outfit at the checkpoint.

When performing tasks to ensure the regime of a state of emergency, in emergency circumstances, in the aftermath of emergency situations, other emergency circumstances and in special operations, in addition to the above military orders, the following are appointed from formations (military units): search and search groups; ambushes; patrols; observation posts; checkpoints (including mobile ones); maneuver groups; barriers; search posts and other military outfits.

The number, armament and equipment of military detachments in each individual case are established by the commander of the military unit (combination) and are additionally agreed with the senior operational chief when serving in the protection of public order and ensuring public safety.

The following are appointed to the military detachment: the chief of the military detachment, the assistant chief of the military detachment (if there are more than three people) and the required number of servicemen.

All chiefs of guards and full-time chiefs of military detachments are trained at the training camp, pass tests and are given orders by the military unit.

The protection of objects can be carried out in the following ways: by posting sentries, operational guard duty or mixed.

The method of protection is the procedure for the use of forces and means of guards (garrisons, outposts) and military detachments and the tactics of their actions when performing tasks of guarding and defending an object.

Guard posts are guarded by patrolling in prohibited or controlled areas, as well as periodic observation from guard (observation) towers (platforms) or other places of military service. Some posts can be guarded by fixed sentinel observation from guard (observation) towers (platforms).

When organizing the protection of an object, a sentry, depending on the type of protected object, the degree of equipment of its ITSO, the nature of the terrain and other conditions, is assigned for protection and defense a section of terrain with a length of: when observing from guard (observation) towers (platforms) or other places of military service - up to 400 m (in the forest - up to 250 m, on the water - up to 300 m); patrol method - up to 500 m at night and 1000 m during the day. The length of the post for sentries armed with pistols should not exceed 250 m.

Military outfits from special motorized military units perform the tasks of patrol service both independently and together with employees of the internal affairs bodies, and from operational military units and military educational institutions - only together with employees of the internal affairs bodies.

The tasks of the patrol service are: ensuring the personal safety of citizens; protection of public order and ensuring public safety; prevention and suppression of crimes and administrative offenses; participation in the detention of persons committing them.

To perform the tasks of the patrol service, military detachments are assigned:

patrol- is designed to perform the duties assigned to it on the patrol route. It consists of 2 or more military personnel (patrol leader and patrol officers). A patrol route is an established route with the adjacent territory within sight and sound. The length of the patrol route, as a rule, is: for foot patrols - 1-1.5 km;

for patrol by car - 6-8 km. Depending on the conditions of service and the situation, the length of the route can be increased or decreased;

security post - is designed to fulfill the duties assigned to it by continuous monitoring of a certain area of ​​​​the territory (object) within a radius of not more than 300 m. It consists of 2 or more military personnel.

More than 2 patrols (posts of law enforcement) are combined into a patrol group under a single leadership. The basis of the patrol group is a patrol by car. A warrant officer or sergeant is appointed as the head of the patrol group.

To carry out patrol service in the internal affairs bodies, a unit of at least a platoon is allocated.

The leadership of the military outfits from the military unit is carried out by the duty ho to the military outfits;

military chain- a military outfit designed to cordon off an area (section of the terrain) in order to prohibit the unorganized passage of citizens into it, as well as to create guide corridors for the movement of citizens and delimiting rectangles (squares) in places where participants in mass events are located. Military chains can be: reinforced - with an interval between military personnel of less than 1 m; normal - with an interval of 1-2 m and rare - with an interval of more than 2 m; single-row and multi-row. The strength of the military chain can be from a squad to a company.

Vehicles, portable obstacles, ropes and other means are used to strengthen military chains;

Checkpoint - military outfit designed to perform the task of assisting employees of the internal affairs bodies in ensuring access control or restricting the movement of vehicles and pedestrians. Two or more servicemen are appointed to its composition; if necessary, the checkpoint is enhanced by armored vehicles.

As a rule, the checkpoint is combined with the traffic police post. In all cases, police officers with vehicles are included in the checkpoint.

From the composition of the order at the checkpoint, groups are created for checking documents and inspecting vehicles (from employees of the internal affairs bodies), cover (from the military personnel of the internal troops), reserve (from the military personnel of the internal troops) and a persecution group from the traffic police, reinforced by the military personnel of the internal troops.

The duration of service at the checkpoint for one unit can be from 1 to 3 days. Personnel are armed with fixed service weapons with ammunition, special personal protective equipment and active defense (bulletproof vests, helmets, handcuffs, rubber sticks, tear substances), electrophones, surveillance equipment (binoculars, night vision devices), devices for forced stopping of vehicles.

Motor transport and railway checkpoints are equipped with inspection platforms. Their number at road checkpoints is set on the basis of: one site (passage) for the passage of 20 vehicles per hour. Sentinels are posted at motor and railway checkpoints and inspection teams are appointed.

Rice. 4.1. Scheme of organization of service and engineering equipment of the checkpoint:

1 - guardroom; 2 - kitchen; 3 - toilet; 4 - lighting el. station; 5 - trench for an armored personnel carrier; 6 - sentinel mushroom; 7 - rigid barrier; 8 - product "Ezh"; 9 - reinforced concrete blocks; 10 - road signs; 11 - spotlight PAS; 12 - platform for detained cars and citizens; 13 - trench; 14 - checkpoint; 15 - wire spiral; 16 - the progress of the message; 17 - signal mines.

Engineering and technical support of the checkpoint includes:

1) engineering barriers on the approaches to the checkpoint, which are designed to detect violators and delay their progress. Inextricable: wire nets on high and low stakes, wire spirals, slingshots, hedgehogs, barbed wire and tape, AKL spirals, inconspicuous obstacles. Explosive: special mines SM and combined;

2) checkpoint fences and a platform for detained citizens and vehicles are made in the form of wire fences with warning signs from a chain-link mesh and other improvised materials.

3) stationary anti-vehicle barriers are arranged in the form of gouges, barriers made of reinforced concrete structures, stone, flexible and rigid barriers;

4) portable anti-vehicle barriers are installed in the form of "hedgehogs", products "Ezh-m", "Diana", MZP packages in a throw;

5) from the technical means of protection, detection devices of the type "AL MAZ" and "TREPAN G" are used;

6) a guardhouse (a place for rest, heating and eating) is created from trailer VS-12 m. It is also equipped with a reliable place for storing weapons.

The place for deploying the checkpoint is chosen on such sections of the road on which traffic is impossible or difficult (on a bridge, crossing, viaduct, at a crossroads, etc.)

curfew as part of a department, a platoon is appointed to maintain security measures, public order, suppress illegal actions during the curfew period and complicate the situation in the village.

The commandant's post includes: a group for stopping and inspecting vehicles; cover group; patrol group; a reserve, as well as a security group, which in turn is divided into: a post for the protection of recreation areas for personnel; a post for the protection of military equipment and a post for the protection of detained offenders. The armament and equipment of the personnel of the commandant's post - a fixed service weapon, a bulletproof vest of the 5th class of protection, a steel army helmet, a special carbine KS-23, a special equipment "Bird cherry-10", a flashlight, binoculars, portable radio stations, a product of BR, a knapsack gas generator "Cloud".

Rice. 4.2. Scheme of engineering and technical equipment of permanent

commandant's post (option):

1 - defensive structures; 2 - anti-ram barriers; 3 - barriers made of barbed wire or tape; 4 - backup power plant; 5 - guardroom; searchlight installation; 7 - portable road signs of the "STOP" type, speed limit, other dangers; 8 - barriers; 9 - devices for forced stop.

The tactics of the curfew is based on setting it up during the curfew in areas of major road junctions, important facilities, squares, airports and other crowded places. When leaving the curfew for the period of termination of the curfew, the personnel perform the task as a guard post; reinforcement of recreation areas for personnel, weapons and military equipment is being organized.

When organizing the service of this type of military outfit, it must be taken into account that the commandant's post can serve no more than 12 hours.

Search party - military outfit sent for reconnaissance, search, prosecution and detention of offenders. The size of the group depends on the nature of the task and can be from a squad to a platoon. The head of the group, as a rule, is the officer or warrant officer of the unit from which the military detachment is assigned.

Barrier - military detachment up to a platoon, designed to block the likely directions of movement of the wanted, blocking areas of operations. Observation posts, secrets, patrols can stand out from the barrier.

Investigation group- a military detachment consisting of two to five military personnel, designed to search for and detain criminals in places of family and other ties, as well as in passenger transport.

Search post- a military detachment consisting of two or more servicemen, designed to detain wanted persons in places of their possible appearance or on the routes of probable movement.

ambush - a military detachment consisting of three or more armed servicemen, secretly located in a precisely defined place to capture criminals according to reliable data received in advance.

Watch - a military detachment consisting of two or more armed servicemen sent along a certain route for reconnaissance, inspection of the area in order to detect offenders. A cynologist with a search dog may be appointed to the patrol.

observation post - a military detachment consisting of two or more military personnel, designed to monitor certain areas of the terrain, settlements, individual buildings, etc. Observation posts can be sent directly from units and other military detachments.

maneuver group- a military outfit (from a squad to a battalion), designed to carry out, together with employees of the internal affairs bodies, combat service to control the situation, prevent (suppress) illegal actions in a fixed area (on a section, route), as well as to assist military units.

The most combat-ready subunits, reinforced with armored vehicles, special means and means of supporting service and combat activities, are assigned to the maneuver group. The battle order of the group depends on the nature of the task being performed and may consist of observation posts, patrol groups (patrols), patrols, law enforcement posts, ambushes, cover groups, capture groups and other military outfits.

The maneuvering group serves in a certain area (section) or on a route.

TACTICS OF ACTION OF UNITS

AND MILITARY ATTRACTIONS

Blocking group is assigned to isolate the area where the enemy may be located and prevent him from leaving the search area. It consists of outfits that block the most probable directions of enemy movement from the area of ​​operation.

The blocking line must meet the following requirements:

Pass through tactically advantageous terrain, have convenient approaches (entrances) for quick occupation by its units;

Ensure good visibility and shelling in front of the front and on the flanks of subunits, secrecy of the location of personnel and fire weapons and their interaction;

Allow to quickly maneuver forces and means when the situation changes;

Favor management and communication.

When determining the blocking threshold, the following are taken into account:

Time of violation of the forbidden or regime zone (detection of the enemy);

The time elapsed since the violation (detection);

The probable location of the enemy at the time of the decision, the speed and probable direction of his movement;

The time required for the units to reach the boundaries of the organization of service on it.

The blocking line must be occupied by subunits and military detachments before violators (saboteurs) can enter it.

The composition of a blocking group and the size of sectors for subunits depend on the strength, armament, and nature of the enemy's actions, the size of the blocking area, the availability of forces and assets, terrain conditions, and visibility.

Blocking density does not have to be uniform, it depends on the importance of direction, terrain conditions and time of day. During the day, the blocking density can be:

In a closed area - one outfit (2-3 people) for 25-75 meters;

On the open - one outfit (2-3 people) up to 150 meters.

Capabilities of units to block the area

At night (in conditions of limited visibility), these norms are reduced several times.

In winter, 1-2 control lines are laid at the blocking line in order to detect traces of the enemy who has passed through the blocking line.

The combat formation of a blocking group consists of the combat formations of subunits deployed at the line of blocking, fire weapons and a reserve.

The squad at the line of blocking performs combat service as a barrier and is usually located in three or four groups, outfits (observation posts, patrols, secrets).

The purpose of the lesson: To acquaint students with the main types of military activities; to form in them the conviction that all military activity is aimed at preparing each serviceman, subunit and unit for the conduct of real combat operations.

Time: 45 minutes

Lesson type: combined

Educational visual complex: OBZh textbook Grade 11, General Military Regulations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Introductory part

Organizing time

Control of students' knowledge:

- What defines the Construction Regulations?

- Which servicemen are subject to the Combat Regulations of the RF Armed Forces?

What is a system and what is its purpose?

- What are the duties for commanders and military personnel before formation and in the ranks?

What is military discipline?

What is military discipline based on?

- When and by whom was the Combat Charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation approved?

- What chapters and parts does the Combat Charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation consist of?

Main part

- announcement of the topic and purpose of the lesson

- explanation of new material : § 49, pp. 224-229

The main types of military activity and their features.

The activity of a serviceman is primarily due to his belonging to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Each serviceman is a member of that large group of people who are united under the concept of "Armed Forces", and, therefore, all his activities should be aimed at ensuring the functions and tasks for which they are created.

The Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Defense" - the Armed Forces are designed to repel aggression directed against the Russian Federation, for the armed protection of the integrity and inviolability of the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as to perform tasks in accordance with federal constitutional laws, federal laws and international treaties of the Russian Federation.

Acting within the framework determined by the mission of the Russian Armed Forces, a serviceman must be ready to perform his duties, which may include:

- participation in hostilities, performance of tasks in a state of emergency and martial law, in conditions of armed conflicts;

- performance of official duties in everyday life;

- carrying out combat duty, combat service, service in the garrison attire, performing duties as part of the daily attire;

- participation in exercises or cruises of ships;

- Execution of an order given by the commander or chief.

All types of military activity of a serviceman should, first of all, contribute to maintaining a high level of combat readiness and combat capability of the unit in which he performs military service.

Proceeding from this, three main elements can be distinguished in military activity: combat training, service and combat activities, and real combat operations.

Combat training.

Combat training - a system of measures for training and military education of personnel of units and subunits, combat coordination of units and subunits to prepare them for conducting combat operations or performing other tasks determined by the purpose of the Armed Forces.

Combat training is primarily aimed at ensuring a high level of combat capability of units and subunits. ( Combat capability- this is the ability of troops to conduct combat operations and perform combat missions in accordance with their mission; combat effectiveness depends on the staffing, combat training and morale and combat qualities of the personnel of units and subunits).

Combat training is designed to ensure a high military-professional level of personnel of units and subunits. It is carried out continuously both in peacetime and in wartime.

In the course of combat training, classes, exercises, live firing, training are held, during which military personnel study military regulations, weapons, military equipment, methods of action in battle, and subunits and units work out methods of action when performing combat missions.

Combat training has a number of features. It has a clearly expressed collective orientation and is organized in such a way that in the course of training individual military personnel are simultaneously trained and military units are being prepared for joint operations.

Combat training is basically practical training aimed at mastering weapons and military equipment by personnel and skillfully using them in combat to ensure superiority over the enemy.

Thus, the main part of combat training is made up of exercises that include repeated repetition of actions aimed at practicing actions with weapons and military equipment and the skillful use of their performance characteristics in combat.

military activity- this is mainly an activity in a team (crew, crew, squad). Consequently, training is carried out both individually and as part of a squad to develop combat coherence.

The highest form of training in units and subunits is exercises in which methods of using weapons and military equipment in combat, combat coordination of subunits, and combat operations are practiced. The exercises are carried out in any weather, on real terrain, with standard weapons and equipment, in an environment close to combat.

In order to maintain constant combat readiness of weapons and military equipment in the units, PCD and days of routine maintenance are planned, during which inspections and maintenance of weapons and military equipment are carried out, as well as work on the improvement of parks and military camps.

The content of combat training is determined by curricula and programs. One of the basic principles of organizing combat training is to teach troops what is needed in a war. Therefore, the fulfillment of the tasks of combat training requires from each serviceman a high level of spiritual and physical qualities, and the mastery of all elements of military activity requires mental stability and physical endurance.

Service and combat activities.

The degree of combat readiness in peacetime should ensure the rapid transition of troops to martial law and an organized entry into hostilities, and in wartime - the ability to immediately carry out the assigned combat missions.

Service and combat activity is primarily aimed at ensuring a high level of combat readiness of subunits and units, that is, the ability of troops to begin military operations in a timely manner in any situation.

Service and combat activities include: combat duty, guard and internal service.

Combat duty- this is the stay of specially allocated forces and means in full combat readiness to perform suddenly arising tasks or conduct combat operations.

Combat duty is the performance of a combat mission. It is carried out by duty forces and means assigned from military units and subunits. The duty forces and means include combat crews, ship crews, duty shifts of command posts, etc.

The training of personnel for combat duty is carried out as part of subunits, combat crews, duty shifts before each intervention on combat duty.

Military personnel are not assigned to combat duty: those who have not taken the military oath, who have not mastered the combat training program, who have committed offenses that are under investigation, and who are sick.

To ensure the necessary degree of combat readiness, a number of restrictions and prohibitions in their behavior are imposed on the personnel on duty shifts.

So, for example, the personnel of the duty shift when on combat duty are prohibited from transferring the performance of their duties on combat duty; be distracted by activities not related to the performance of duties on combat duty; arbitrarily leave a combat post; carry out work on armament and military equipment that reduces their established readiness.

guard duty It is designed for reliable protection and defense of combat banners, storage facilities with weapons, military equipment, and other materiel.

Guard duty is the fulfillment of a combat mission and requires high vigilance from the personnel, precise observance and performance of their duties, determination and initiative. Those guilty of violating the requirements of the guard service bear disciplinary or criminal liability.

Guards are appointed to carry out guard duty. The guard is an armed unit assigned to perform the combat mission of guarding and defending combat banners, military and government facilities.

The guard consists of: chief of the guard, assistant chief of the guard, guards, guards according to the number of posts and shifts, and other persons. For the direct protection and defense of objects from the guard, sentries are posted.

Guardsmen are appointed, as a rule, from among the soldiers (sailors) sworn in by the Military Oath, who have mastered the appropriate combat training programs and are ready, in terms of their moral and psychological qualities, to carry out guard duty.

Internal service- This is the daily service activities in military units and subunits. It is organized and carried out in accordance with the Charter of the Internal Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and is intended to maintain internal order and military discipline in a military unit, ensuring its constant combat readiness and the safety of military service.

Combat training and service and combat activities of military personnel, subunits and units in the aggregate ensure that at any time of the year, at any time of the day, in any conditions, be ready to fulfill their duty to defend the Fatherland.

All military activities are aimed at preparing each serviceman, subunit and unit for the conduct of real combat operations.

Real fighting.

Real fighting- this is a type of military activity for the sake of which the Armed Forces are created and their combat training and service and combat activities are carried out.

Real fighting there is military activity carried out directly in the conditions of combat and aimed at defeating the enemy.

The main features of modern combat are:

- maneuverability, dynamism, rapid and abrupt changes in the situation;

- the unevenness of its development along the front and in depth;

- increased moral, psychological and physical stress of the personnel.

Modern combat requires stamina, initiative, and discipline from every soldier.

The most powerful impact on a person in combat is a danger that is perceived as a threat to life. Therefore, a special place in the course of the battle is played by the ability of a person to control his feelings, emotions and state, the ability to control his behavior and activities.

Armed confrontation requires from a person not only high physical qualities, but also spiritual and moral ones.

The history of wars knows many examples when the outcome of a battle was decided not by superiority in manpower and equipment, but precisely by the moral and psychological readiness of personnel to fulfill their military duty to the end (see Additional materials).

Each serviceman in the process of military activity must constantly strive to develop in himself such qualities as selfless devotion to his people, to the Motherland, confidence in defeating the enemy, courage, heroism, readiness for self-sacrifice, military camaraderie, mutual assistance in battle. All these qualities are acquired in the process of military service in the performance of all types of military activities.

General types and basic elements of military activity.

Features in military activity depend on the type or type of troops. In order to better determine the type or type of troops for military service, where the acquired life experience, certain inclinations and preferences for the type of activity are fully useful, it is necessary to have a clear idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe structure of the modern army (studied in grade 10) and from the military position. In the Armed Forces, in accordance with the psychological classification established by the "Guidelines for professional psychological selection in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation", military positions filled by soldiers and sailors, sergeants and foremen are subdivided, taking into account the uniformity of requirements for the individual psychological qualities of specialists, into seven main classes of similar military positions : command, operator, communications and surveillance, driver, special purpose, technological and other military positions. The performance of duties by military personnel is a specific area of ​​human activity, which is broad and multifaceted and requires from a young person, before entering military service, a meaningful and balanced approach to assessing their capabilities and organizing their preparation for military service, taking into account the requirements for spiritual qualities, the level of education and physical qualities.

Findings:

  1. Through military activity, the armed defense of the Russian Federation is carried out, and favorable external conditions are provided for the socio-economic development of society.
  2. Military activity is subdivided into combat training, service and combat activities, and real combat operations.
  3. Combat training, service and combat activities of military personnel, subunits and units in the aggregate provide the necessary level of combat capability of the troops and the degree of their combat readiness, i.e. ability at any time of the year and day. Under any conditions, be ready to fulfill your duty to protect the Fatherland.
  4. Each serviceman in the process of military activity must constantly strive to develop in himself such qualities as selfless devotion to his people, to the Motherland, confidence in defeating the enemy, courage, heroism, readiness for self-sacrifice, military camaraderie, mutual assistance in battle.

III. Fixing the material:

- What is the reason for the activities of the military?

What does military activity include?

- What is the purpose of combat training?

IV. Lesson summary

V. Homework: 49, pp. 224-229. Assignment: Read § 50, pp. 230-223 on your own.

Service and combat activity is primarily aimed at ensuring a high level of combat readiness of subunits and units, that is, the ability of troops to begin military operations in a timely manner in any situation. The degree of combat readiness in peacetime should ensure the rapid transition of troops to martial law and an organized entry into hostilities, and in wartime, the ability to immediately carry out the assigned combat missions.

Service and combat activities include: combat duty, guard and internal service.

Combat duty is the stay of specially allocated forces and means in full combat readiness to perform suddenly arising tasks or conduct combat operations.

Combat duty is the performance of a combat mission. It is carried out by duty forces and means assigned from military units and subunits. The duty forces and means include combat crews, ship crews, duty shifts of command posts, etc.

The guard service is intended for the reliable protection and defense of combat banners, storage facilities with weapons, military equipment, and other materiel.

Guard duty is the fulfillment of a combat mission and requires high vigilance from the personnel, precise observance and performance of their duties, determination and initiative.

Those guilty of violating the requirements of the guard service bear disciplinary or criminal liability. Guards are appointed to carry out guard duty. A guard is an armed unit assigned to carry out the combat mission of guarding and defending combat banners, military and government facilities. The composition of the guard includes: the head of the guard, the guards according to the number of posts and shifts, the guard. For the direct protection and defense of objects from the guard, sentries are posted.

Guards are appointed, as a rule, from among the soldiers (sailors) who have been sworn in by the military, who have mastered the appropriate combat training programs and are ready, in terms of their moral and psychological qualities, to carry out guard duty.

Internal service is the daily service activity in military units and subdivisions. It is organized and carried out in accordance with the Charter of the internal service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and is intended to maintain internal order and military discipline in a military unit, ensuring its constant combat readiness.

Combat training and service and combat activities of military personnel, subunits and units together provide the necessary level of combat capability of the troops and the degree of their combat readiness, i.e. the ability to be ready to fulfill their duty to defend the Fatherland at any time of the year and day, in any conditions . All military activities are aimed at preparing each serviceman, subunit and unit for the conduct of real combat operations.

Three types of aircraft have been formed in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation:

Ground Forces (SV);

Air Force (Air Force);

Navy (Navy).

The Ground Forces are the most numerous branch of the Russian Armed Forces. They include motorized rifle, tank, rocket troops and artillery, air defense troops, as well as special troops (reconnaissance, engineering, chemical and bacteriological defense, communications, electronic warfare, technical support, topogeodetic, hydrometeorological). SV are designed to conduct combat operations mainly on land.

Motorized rifle troops are designed to conduct combat operations independently, as well as jointly with other branches of the military and special troops. The motorized rifle troops have motorized rifle, tank, missile, artillery, anti-aircraft missile units and units, as well as units of special forces and rear.

Modern motorized rifle troops are equipped with powerful weapons: missile systems, infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers, tanks, artillery and mortars, anti-tank missile systems, anti-aircraft missile systems, effective means of reconnaissance and control.

Tank troops make up the main striking force of the SV. Organizationally, tank troops consist of formations, units and subunits. They also include motorized rifle, missile, artillery, anti-aircraft artillery and missile units and subunits. The tank troops are armed with highly mobile tanks with powerful armor protection and weapons.

Rocket troops and artillery are a type of SV, which is the main means of fire and nuclear destruction of the enemy.

The air defense troops of the SV are a branch of service designed to defeat an air enemy, cover groupings of troops, command posts and rear facilities. In addition to the military branches, the SV includes special troops: signal troops, units and subunits of the rear.

Signal troops are designed to deploy and operate communication systems and ensure command and control of troops in all types of combat activities.

Units and subunits of the rear are intended for rear support of troops and combat operations.

The Air Force is a new branch of the Armed Forces created in 1998 by transforming two branches of the Air Force and the Air Defense Forces.

The Air Force is a branch of the Russian Armed Forces, designed to repel an aerospace attack, gain air supremacy, as well as to solve shock (destruction of military facilities, destruction of enemy manpower and military equipment, etc.), reconnaissance, transport and special tasks.

The Air Force includes aviation: bomber, fighter-bomber, assault, fighter, reconnaissance, transport, army and special. The Air Force includes: anti-aircraft missile troops, radio engineering troops, units and subunits of special troops.

The readiness of air force units and subunits to conduct combat operations is ensured by the composition of aviation technical units. These include aviation technical bases and separate aviation maintenance battalions.

The Navy is intended for the armed defense of Russia's interests, for conducting combat operations in the maritime and oceanic theaters of war.

The Navy consists of branches of forces: underwater, surface, naval aviation, marines and coastal defense troops. It also includes special forces, units and subunits of the rear.

Submarine forces - the strike force of the fleet. Depending on the main armament, submarines are divided into torpedo submarines, and according to the type of power plant - into nuclear and diesel-electric.

The main strike force of the Navy is nuclear submarines armed with ballistic and cruise missiles with nuclear warheads.

Surface forces are an important part of the Navy. Surface ships are the main forces for ensuring the exit of submarines to combat areas and their return to bases, for transporting and covering landing forces.

Naval aviation - a branch of the Navy, consists of strategic, tactical, carrier-based and coastal aviation.

The Marine Corps is a branch of the Navy, designed to conduct combat operations as part of amphibious assault forces.

Coastal defense troops are designed to protect naval bases, ports, important sections of the coast, etc.

The units and subunits of the rear are intended for the rear support of the forces and combat operations of the Navy.

Having become acquainted with the types of the Armed Forces and branches of service, their purpose, it is also necessary to keep in mind that military duties differ not only depending on the branch of the Armed Forces or type of troops, but also on the military position.

Having become acquainted with all the features of military activity, it is necessary to conclude that the performance of duties by military personnel is a specific area of ​​​​human activity, which is broad and multifaceted and requires a meaningful and balanced approach from a young person before entering military service to assess their capabilities and organize their preparation for military service. military service, taking into account the requirements for spiritual qualities, the level of education and physical qualities.