Talismans 

Space exploration essay. Why do people explore space? Prospects for space exploration Essay on what gives people astronautics

At the time of the landing on the moon in 1969, many sincerely believed that by the beginning of the 21st century, space travel would become commonplace, and earthlings would begin to quietly fly to other planets. Unfortunately, this future has not yet arrived, and people began to doubt whether we even need these space travel. Maybe the moon is enough? However, space exploration continues to provide us with invaluable information in the fields of medicine, mining and security. And, of course, progress in the study of outer space has an inspiring effect on humanity!

1. Protection against a possible collision with an asteroid

If we don't want to end up like dinosaurs, we need to protect ourselves from the threat of a large asteroid impact. As a rule, about once every 10 thousand years, some celestial body the size of a football field threatens to crash into the Earth, which can lead to irreversible consequences for the planet. We really should be wary of such "guests" with a diameter of at least 100 meters. The collision will raise a dust storm, destroy forests and fields, doom those who remain alive to starvation. Special space programs are aimed at identifying a dangerous object long before it approaches the Earth and knocking it off its trajectory.

2. The possibility of new great discoveries

A considerable number of all kinds of gadgets, materials and technologies were originally developed for space programs, but later they found their application on Earth. We all know about freeze-dried products and have been using them for a long time. In the 1960s, scientists developed a special plastic coated with a reflective metal coating. When used in the production of conventional blankets, it retains up to 80% of a person's body heat. Another valuable innovation is nitinol, a flexible yet resilient alloy designed for the manufacture of satellites. Now dental braces are made from this material.

3. Contribution to medicine and healthcare

Space exploration has led to many medical innovations for terrestrial use: for example, the method of injecting anti-cancer drugs directly into a tumor, equipment with which a nurse can perform ultrasound and instantly transmit data to a doctor thousands of kilometers away, and a mechanical manipulator arm that performs complex activities inside the MRI machine. Pharmaceutical developments in the field of protecting astronauts from loss of bone and muscle mass in microgravity have led to the creation of drugs for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Moreover, these drugs were easier to test in space, since astronauts lose about 1.5% of bone mass per month, and an elderly woman on Earth loses 1.5% per year.

4. Space exploration inspires humanity to new achievements

If we want to create a world in which our children aspire to be scientists and engineers rather than reality show hosts, movie stars or financial magnates, then space exploration is a very inspiring process. It's time to ask the rising generation the question: "Who wants to be an aerospace engineer and design a flying machine that can get into the rarefied atmosphere of Mars?"

5. We need raw materials from space

Outer space contains gold, silver, platinum and other valuable metals. Some international companies are already thinking about mining on asteroids, so it is possible that a profession of a space miner will appear in the near future. The moon, for example, is a possible "supplier" of helium-3 (used for MRI and considered as a possible fuel for nuclear power plants). On Earth, this substance costs up to 5 thousand dollars per liter. The moon is also considered a potential source of rare earth elements such as europium and tantalum, which are in high demand for use in electronics, solar cells and other advanced devices.

6. Space exploration can help answer a very important question

We all believe that life exists somewhere in space. In addition, many believe that aliens have already visited our planet. However, we still have not received any signals from distant civilizations. This is why extraterrestrial scientists are ready to deploy orbital observatories, such as the James Webb Space Telescope. This satellite is scheduled for launch in 2018, and with its help it will be possible to search for life in the atmospheres of distant planets outside our solar system by chemical signs. And this is just the beginning.

7. Humans have a natural desire for research.

Our primitive ancestors from East Africa settled all over the planet, and since then humanity has never stopped the process of its movement. We always want to explore and master something new and unknown, whether it's a short trip to the moon as a tourist, or a long interstellar journey spanning several generations. A few years ago, a NASA executive made the distinction between "understandable reasons" and "real reasons" for space exploration. Understandable reasons are about obtaining economic and technological advantages, while real reasons include concepts such as curiosity and the desire to leave a mark.

8. To survive, humanity will probably have to colonize outer space

We have learned how to send satellites into space, and this helps us control and fight against pressing earthly problems, including forest fires, oil spills and the depletion of aquifers. However, a significant increase in the population, banal greed and unjustified frivolity regarding environmental consequences have already caused serious damage to our planet. Scientists believe that the Earth has a "carrying capacity" of 8 to 16 billion, and we are already more than 7 billion. Perhaps it is time for humanity to prepare for the development of other planets for life.



Plan:

    Introduction
  • 1 Etymology
  • 2 History
    • 2.1 The most important stages of space exploration
  • 3 Today
  • 4 Industrial space exploration
  • 5 Military space activities
  • 6 space agencies
  • 7 Important space programs and spacecraft flights from different countries
    • 7.1 Artificial Earth Satellites (AES)
      • 7.1.1 space telescopes
    • 7.2 Automatic interplanetary stations
      • 7.2.1 Lunar stations
    • 7.3 Manned flights
    • 7.4 Orbital stations
    • 7.5 private spaceships
    • 7.6 Protecting the Earth from asteroids
  • 8 Launch vehicles
    • Literature
    Notes
  • 12 Encyclopedias on astronautics

Introduction

Model of the Vostok rocket in Moscow at VDNKh

Astronautics(from Greek. κόσμος - Universe and ναυτική - the art of navigation, ship navigation) - the process of exploring outer space with the help of automatic and manned spacecraft, as well as the flights themselves in outer space.

The term itself was proposed by one of the pioneers of Soviet rocket technology G. E. Langemak.

The basis of rocket science was laid in their writings at the beginning of the 20th century by Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Hermann Oberth, Robert Goddard and Reinhold Teeling. An important step was the launch from the Baikonur cosmodrome of the first artificial Earth satellite in 1957 of the USSR - Sputnik-1.

The flight of the Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin on April 12, 1961 was a grandiose achievement and the starting point for the development of manned cosmonautics. Another outstanding event in the field of astronautics - the landing of a man on the moon took place on July 21, 1969. American astronaut Neil Armstrong took the first step on the surface of a natural satellite of the Earth with the words: - "This is a small step for one person, but a huge leap for all mankind."


1. Etymology

For the first time the term astronautics" appeared in the title of the scientific work of Ari Abramovich Sternfeld "Introduction to astronautics" (fr. "Initiation à la Cosmonautique" ), which was devoted to the issues of interplanetary travel. In 1933, the work was presented to the Polish scientific community, but did not arouse interest and was published only in 1937 in the USSR, where the author moved in 1935. Thanks to him, the words "cosmonaut" and "cosmodrome" entered the Russian language. For a long time, these terms were considered exotic, and even Yakov Perelman reproached Sternfeld for confusing the issue by inventing neologisms instead of established names: “astronautics”, “astronaut”, “rocket launcher”. The main ideas outlined in the monograph, Sternfeld reported at Warsaw University on December 6, 1933.

The word "cosmonautics" has been noted in dictionaries since 1958. In fiction, the word "cosmonaut" first appeared in 1950 in the science fiction story "The New Planet" by Viktor Saparin.

In general, in Russian -navt, -navtic(s) lost their meaning (what these words had in Greek) and turned into a kind of service parts of the word, evoking the idea of "swimming"- like that "stratonaut", "aquanaut" etc.


2. History

The first experimental suborbital space flights were carried out by the German V-2 rocket in 1944. However, the beginning of practical space exploration was laid on October 4, 1957 by the launch of the first artificial Earth satellite (AES) in the Soviet Union.

The first years of the development of astronautics were characterized not by cooperation, but by intense competition between states (the so-called Space Race). International cooperation began to develop intensively only in recent decades, primarily due to the joint construction of the International Space Station and research carried out on board.

Model of the first artificial satellite of the Earth.

On March 23, 1881, N.I. Kibalchich, while in prison, put forward the idea of ​​a rocket aircraft with an oscillating combustion chamber for thrust vector control. A few days before the execution, Kibalchich developed an original design for an aircraft capable of making space flights. His request to transfer the manuscript to the Academy of Sciences was not satisfied by the commission of inquiry, the project was first published only in 1918 in the journal "Byloye", No. 4-5.

Russian scientist Konstantin Tsiolkovsky was one of the first to put forward the idea of ​​using rockets for space flight. He designed a rocket for interplanetary communications in 1903.

The German scientist Hermann Oberth also laid out the principles of interplanetary flight in the 1920s.

The American scientist Robert Goddard in 1923 began to develop a liquid-propellant rocket engine and a working prototype was created by the end of 1925. On March 16, 1926, he launched the first liquid-propellant rocket, fueled by gasoline and liquid oxygen.

The work of Tsiolkovsky, Oberth and Goddard was continued by groups of rocketry enthusiasts in the USA, the USSR and Germany. In the USSR, research work was carried out by the Jet Propulsion Study Group (Moscow) and the Gas Dynamics Laboratory (Leningrad). In 1933, the Reactive Institute (RNII) was created on their basis.

In Germany, similar work was carried out by the German Society for Interplanetary Communications (VfR). On March 14, 1931, VfR member Johannes Winkler carried out the first successful launch of a liquid-propellant rocket in Europe. Wernher von Braun also worked in VfR, who from December 1932 began the development of rocket engines at the artillery range of the German army in Kummersdorf. After the Nazis came to power in Germany, funds were allocated for the development of rocket weapons, and in the spring of 1936 a program was approved to build a rocket center in Peenemünde, with von Braun appointed as technical director. It developed the A-4 ballistic missile with a range of 320 km. During World War II, on October 3, 1942, the first successful launch of this missile took place, and in 1944 its combat use under the name V-2 began.

The military use of the V-2 demonstrated the enormous capabilities of rocket technology, and the most powerful post-war powers - the United States and the USSR - also began to develop ballistic missiles.

To implement the task of creating nuclear weapons and their means of delivery, on May 13, 1946, the Council of Ministers of the USSR adopted a resolution on the deployment of large-scale work to develop domestic rocket science. In accordance with this decree, the Scientific Research Artillery Institute of Rocket Weapons No. 4 was established.

General A.I. Nesterenko was appointed head of the institute, and Colonel M.K. Mikhail Klavdievich Tikhonravov was known as the creator of the first liquid-propellant rocket, which launched in Nakhabino on August 17, 1933. In 1945, he also headed the project of lifting two cosmonauts to a height of 200 kilometers using a V-2 rocket and a guided rocket cabin. The project was supported by the Academy of Sciences and approved by Stalin. However, in the difficult post-war years, the leadership of the military industry was not up to space projects, which were perceived as science fiction, interfering with the fulfillment of the main task of creating "long-range missiles."

Exploring the prospects for the development of rockets created according to the classical sequential scheme, M. K. Tikhonravov comes to the conclusion that they are unsuitable for intercontinental distances. Research led by Tikhonravov has shown that a burst scheme of rockets created at the Korolev Design Bureau will provide a speed four times greater than that possible with a conventional layout. With the introduction of the "package scheme" Tikhonravov's group brought closer the realization of their cherished dream of man's exit into outer space. On an initiative basis, research continued on the problems associated with the launch and return of satellites to Earth.

On September 16, 1953, by order of the Korolev Design Bureau, the first research work on space topics “Research on the creation of the first artificial Earth satellite” was opened at NII-4. Tikhonravov's group, which had a solid groundwork on this topic, completed it promptly.

In 1956, M. K. Tikhonravov, with some of his employees, was transferred from NII-4 to the Korolev Design Bureau as the head of the satellite design department. With his direct participation, the first satellites, manned spacecraft, projects of the first automatic interplanetary and lunar vehicles are created.


2.1. The most important stages of space exploration

In 1957, under the leadership of Korolev, the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile R-7 was created, which in the same year was used to launch the world's first artificial Earth satellite.

  • October 4, 1957 - the first artificial Earth satellite Sputnik-1 was launched. (THE USSR).
  • November 3, 1957 - the second artificial Earth satellite Sputnik-2 was launched, which for the first time launched a living creature into space - the dog Laika. (THE USSR).
  • January 4, 1959 - the station "Luna-1" passed at a distance of 6000 kilometers from the surface of the moon and entered the heliocentric orbit. It became the world's first artificial satellite of the Sun. (THE USSR).
  • September 14, 1959 - the station "Luna-2" for the first time in the world reached the surface of the Moon in the region of the Sea of ​​Clarity near the craters of Aristides, Archimedes and Autolycus, delivering a pennant with the coat of arms of the USSR. (THE USSR).
  • October 4, 1959 - AMS Luna-3 was launched, which for the first time in the world photographed the side of the Moon invisible from Earth. Also during the flight, for the first time in the world, a gravitational maneuver was carried out in practice. (THE USSR).
  • August 19, 1960 - the first ever orbital flight into space of living beings was made with a successful return to Earth. The dogs Belka and Strelka made an orbital flight on the Sputnik-5 spacecraft. (THE USSR).
  • April 12, 1961 - the first manned flight into space (Yu. Gagarin) was made on the Vostok-1 spacecraft. (THE USSR).
  • August 12, 1962 - the world's first group space flight was made on the Vostok-3 and Vostok-4 spacecraft. The maximum approach of the ships was about 6.5 km. (THE USSR).
  • June 16, 1963 - the world's first space flight of a female cosmonaut (Valentina Tereshkova) on the Vostok-6 spacecraft was completed. (THE USSR).
  • October 12, 1964 - the world's first multi-seat spacecraft Voskhod-1 flew. (THE USSR).
  • March 18, 1965 - the first ever manned spacewalk. Cosmonaut Alexei Leonov made a spacewalk from Voskhod-2 spacecraft. (THE USSR).
  • February 3, 1966 - AMS Luna-9 made the world's first soft landing on the surface of the Moon, panoramic images of the Moon were transmitted. (THE USSR).
  • March 1, 1966 - the station "Venera-3" for the first time reached the surface of Venus, delivering a pennant to the USSR. It was the world's first flight of a spacecraft from Earth to another planet. (THE USSR).
  • April 3, 1966 - Luna-10 became the first artificial satellite of the Moon. (THE USSR).
  • October 30, 1967 - the first docking of two unmanned spacecraft "Cosmos-186" and "Cosmos-188" was made. (CCCP).
  • September 15, 1968 - the first return of the spacecraft (Zond-5) to Earth after a flyby of the moon. On board were living creatures: turtles, fruit flies, worms, plants, seeds, bacteria. (THE USSR).
  • January 16, 1969 - the first docking of two manned spacecraft Soyuz-4 and Soyuz-5 was made. (THE USSR).
  • July 21, 1969 - the first landing of a man on the moon (N. Armstrong) as part of the lunar expedition of the Apollo 11 spacecraft, which delivered to Earth, including the first samples of lunar soil. (USA).
  • September 24, 1970 - the Luna-16 station collected and then delivered to Earth (by the Luna-16 station) samples of lunar soil. (THE USSR). It is also the first unmanned spacecraft that delivered rock samples to Earth from another cosmic body (that is, in this case, from the Moon).
  • November 17, 1970 - soft landing and start of operation of the world's first semi-automatic remotely controlled self-propelled vehicle, controlled from the Earth: Lunokhod-1. (THE USSR).
  • December 15, 1970 - the world's first soft landing on the surface of Venus: Venera-7. (THE USSR).
  • April 19, 1971 - the first orbital station Salyut-1 was launched. (THE USSR).
  • November 13, 1971 - Mariner 9 became the first artificial satellite of Mars. (USA).
  • November 27, 1971 - Mars 2 reaches the surface of Mars for the first time. (THE USSR).
  • December 2, 1971 - the first AMS soft landing on Mars: "Mars-3". (THE USSR).
  • March 3, 1972 - the launch of the first apparatus, which subsequently left the limits of the solar system: Pioneer-10. (USA).
  • October 20, 1975 - Venera-9 became the first artificial satellite of Venus. (THE USSR).
  • October 1975 - soft landing of two spacecraft "Venera-9" and "Venera-10" and the world's first photographs of the surface of Venus. (THE USSR).
  • April 12, 1981 - the first flight of the first reusable transport spacecraft "Columbia". (USA).
  • February 20, 1986 - launch of the base module of the orbital station Mir
  • December 7, 1995 - Station "Galileo" became the first artificial satellite of Jupiter. (USA).
  • November 20, 1998 - launch of the first block of the International Space Station. Production and launch (Russia). Owner (USA).
  • June 24, 2000 - NEAR Shoemaker became the first artificial satellite of an asteroid (433 Eros). (USA).
  • June 30, 2004 - Cassini becomes the first artificial satellite of Saturn. (USA).
  • January 15, 2006 - the Stardust station delivered samples of comet Wild 2 to earth. (USA).

3. Today

Today is characterized by new projects and plans for space exploration. Space tourism is actively developing. Manned astronautics is again going to return to the Moon and turned its eyes to other planets of the solar system (primarily to Mars).

In 2009, the world spent $68 billion on space programs, including $48.8 billion in the US, $7.9 billion in the EU, $3 billion in Japan, $2.8 billion in Russia, and $2 billion in China.


4. Industrial space exploration

Cosmonautics is a new highly efficient branch of the national economy.

Industrial space exploration is a process that consists in the consistent inclusion of space systems in the national economic complexes and the inclusion of entire areas of outer space (for example, near-Earth) in the sphere of economic activity. There are three main areas of integration of space systems into the infrastructure of the national economy:

  • Space information complexes - modern communication systems, meteorology, navigation, systems for the use and control of natural resources, environmental protection.
  • Space scientific systems - scientific design research and full-scale experiments.
  • Space industrialization - the production of pharmacological preparations, new materials in the interests of the electronic, electrical, radio engineering and other industries, to develop the resources of the Moon, other planets of the solar system and asteroids, to remove hazardous industrial waste into space.

5. Military space activities

Various countries use spacecraft for satellite reconnaissance, early warning of ballistic missiles, communications, and navigation. Anti-satellite weapon systems were also created.

6. Space agencies

  • Brazilian Space Agency - Founded in 1994.
  • European Space Agency (ESA) - 1964.
  • Indian Space Research Organization - 1969.
  • Canadian Space Agency - 1989.
  • Chinese National Space Administration - 1993.
  • National Space Agency of Ukraine (NSAU) - 1996.
  • US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) - 1958.
  • Federal Space Agency of Russia (FKA RF) - (1990).
  • Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) - 2003.

Stages of space exploration on the block of the USSR The way to the stars pave the communists. 1964


7. Important space programs and spacecraft flights of different countries

7.1. Artificial Earth Satellites (AES)

  • Sputnik is a series of the world's first satellites. (THE USSR).
    • Sputnik-1 is the first spacecraft launched by man into space. (THE USSR).
  • Vanguard - a series of the first American satellites. (USA)

Satellites of the USSR and Russia list: Electron // Flight// Meteor // Screen // Rainbow // Horizon // Lightning // Geyser // Altair // Coupon // GLONASS // Sail // Photon // Eye // Arrow // Resource // Virgin soil // Bion // Rhombus // Cicada.


7.1.1. space telescopes

  • Astron - space ultraviolet telescope (USSR).
  • Hubble is a space reflecting telescope. (USA).
  • Swift - space observatory for observation of gamma-ray flashes (USA, Italy, Great Britain).

7.2. Automatic interplanetary stations

  • Pioneer is a program to explore the Moon, interplanetary space, Jupiter and Saturn. (USA)
  • Voyager is a giant planet exploration program. (USA)
  • Mariner - exploration of Venus, Mars and Mercury. (USA)
  • Mars - exploration of Mars, the first soft landing on its surface. (THE USSR)
  • Venus - a program to study the atmosphere of Venus and its surface. (THE USSR)
  • Viking is a program to explore the surface of Mars. (USA)
  • Vega - meeting with Halley's comet, landing of an aerosonde on Venus. (THE USSR)
  • Phobos is a program for exploring the satellites of Mars. (THE USSR)
  • Mars Express - an artificial satellite of Mars, landing of the Beagle-2 rover. (ESA)
  • Galileo - exploration of Jupiter and its moons. (NASA)
  • Huygens is a probe to study the atmosphere of Titan. (ESA)
  • Rosetta - landing of a spacecraft on the nucleus of comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko (ESA).
  • Hayabusa - soil sampling from the asteroid Itokawa (JAXA).
  • MESSENGER - Mercury exploration (NASA).
  • Magellan (KA) - exploration of Venus (NASA).
  • New Horizons - Exploration of Pluto and its moons (NASA).
  • Venus Express - Venus Exploration (ESA).
  • Phoenix is ​​the Mars Surface Exploration Program (NASA).

7.2.1. Lunar stations

  • Luna - exploration of the Moon, delivery of lunar soil, Lunokhod-1 and Lunokhod-2. (THE USSR)
  • Ranger - receiving television images of the moon as it falls on its surface. (USA)
  • Explorer 35 (Lunar Explorer 2) - study of the Moon and near-lunar space from a selenocentric orbit. (USA)
  • Lunar Orbiter - launching into orbit around the Moon, mapping the lunar surface. (USA).
  • Surveyor - working out a soft landing on the moon, research of lunar soil (USA).
  • Lunar Prospector - lunar exploration (USA).
  • Smart-1 - lunar exploration, the device is equipped with an ion engine. (ECA).
  • Kaguya - exploration of the Moon and circumlunar space Japan).
  • Chang'e-1 - lunar exploration, mapping of the lunar surface China).

7.3. Manned flights

  • Vostok - development of the first manned space flights. (USSR, 1961-1963)
  • Mercury - development of manned flights into space. (USA, 1961-1963)
  • Voskhod - manned orbital flights; the first spacewalk, the first multi-seat ships. (USSR, 1964-1965)
  • Gemini - two-seat spacecraft, the first dockings in Earth orbit. (USA, 1965-1966)
  • Apollo - manned flights to the moon. (USA, 1968-1972/1975)
  • Soyuz - manned expeditions. (USSR/Russia, since 1968)
    • The Apollo Soyuz Experimental Project (ASTP) Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, ASTP , 1975).
  • The Space Shuttle is a reusable spacecraft. (USA, since 1981)
  • Buran is a reusable spacecraft. (USSR, test unmanned flight in 1988)
  • Shenzhou - orbital manned flights. (China, since 2003)

7.4. Orbital stations

  • Salyut is the first series of orbital stations. (THE USSR)
  • Skylab - orbital station. (USA)
  • Mir is the first modular orbital station. (THE USSR)
  • International Space Station (ISS).

7.5. private spaceships

  • SpaceShipOne is the first private spacecraft (suborbital).
  • SpaceShipTwo is a tourist suborbital spacecraft. Further development of SpaceShipOne.
  • The Dragon (Dragon SpaceX) is a transport spacecraft developed by SpaceX, commissioned by NASA as part of the Commercial Orbital Transportation (COTS) program.

7.6. Protecting the Earth from asteroids

The Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) plans to create a system to protect the Earth from asteroids after 2026.

Proposals for the implementation of space activities until 2040:

Development directions:

  • further development of near-Earth space;
  • exploration of the moon;
  • preparation and implementation of the flight to Mars.

This program is divided into three stages:

  1. First stage (until 2015):
    • Completion of the assembly of the Russian segment of the International Space Station (ISS);
    • Improving the efficiency of the transport system;
    • Creation of a scientific and technical reserve for the next stages.
  2. Second stage (until 2020):
    • Creation of launch vehicles and transport systems of a new generation;
    • Extending the operation of the ISS until 2020.
  3. Third stage (until 2040):
    • Implementation of manned flights to the Moon and Mars;
      • Moon Exploration:
        • A flight to the moon could take place by 2025.
        • Until 2035, it is planned to create a base on the Earth's satellite.
      • A flight to Mars is planned after 2035.
        • , .

Badrutdinov Artur

An essay on the topic "Space - Earth - Man" was written by a 8th grade student to participate in the competition "Space and Humanity" within the framework of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference "Science and Vocational Education: Modern Theoretical Problems and Practical Experience".

Download:

Preview:

Municipal educational institution

"Secondary school No. 11

With in-depth study of individual subjects "

Zelenodolsky municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan

Essay on the topic of

"Space - Earth - Man"

I've done the work

8th grade student "B"

MBOU "Secondary School No. 11" ZMR RT

Badrutdinov Artur Damirovich

Head teacher of Russian

Language and Literature

Galimullina Gulnaz Nailevna

Zelenodolsk, 2013

... a man will fly,

Relying not on the strength of their

Muscles, but on the strength of his

Mind.

N. E. Zhukovsky

Tell me, which of us in childhood did not dream of becoming an astronaut, surf the vast expanses of space on spaceships, discover new stars and galaxies? Of course, all the boys were attracted by the mysterious depths of space and distant mysterious stars ... As the results of the study showed, conducted by HeadHunter, space dreams haunted the current mining industry workers, directors, IT specialists and engineers most of all. TO10% of men and 2% of women wanted to be cosmonauts. 14% of current workers in the extractive industry, 10% of representatives of the fields of "Information Technology", "Top Management" and "Industry" also dreamed of joining the ranks of astronauts.

Editorial RB.ru, having interviewed her media partners, found out that childhood dreams of "high" apparently helped our speakers to reach high pots.

Cosmonauts have always been folk heroes who evoke genuine, sincere respect, and not formed by the efforts of propaganda.

Boys are always attracted by the new, dreams of distant lands, adventures. On Earth, it seems, everything has already been discovered and mastered, and space, because it is endless, is such an endless adventure.

For more than fifty years now, we have been separated from the first manned flight into space, but we remember that on April 12, 1961, the Vostok spacecraft took off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome, and Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin was the first cosmonaut of our planet. Decades pass, many generations change, but the planet Earth will not forget about the hero, whose life, like his first cosmic revolution, flashed before the eyes of astonished mankind, like one bright and unforgettable moment. A lot has been written and told about the first Cosmonaut, but first of all, he became a symbol and a personal example for me. He appears to me as a man of a kind and beautiful soul, strong will and purposefulness.

I learned that Yuri Alekseevich never lost his self-control and was persistent in achieving his intended goal. He knew and loved life, was obsessed with work. I valued my time and the time of others. His favorite word was "work". Often at the same time, he would say: “How they taught!”. Gagarin received a "reliable education", he successfully began his path to science from the Lyubertsy vocational school, which he graduated in 1951 with a degree in moulder-caster. For all the time of his studies, he improved, grew and gained new heights.

No wonder S.P. Korolev, an outstanding designer of space rockets and ships, said of Gagarin: “Gagarin proved what a man is capable of. He opened the way to the unknown world for the people of the Earth. And most importantly, he gave people faith in their own strength, in their capabilities, gave them an incentive to go more confidently and boldly. This is a Promethean deed."

Prometheus act of the 20th century. This is how academician Korolev defined the feat of the space pioneer. His gaze penetrated the very essence of the grandiose accomplishment. I believe he is right!

In the ancient legend of Prometheus, sometimes I see only a tragic fate. But she is also life-affirming, happy. Not only flour awaited Prometheus in the battle for fire. And did he give people only fire? Prometheus showed that man is omnipotent. He is capable of the greatest accomplishments in life. He is a giant, the master of the world, of the entire universe.

Yuri Gagarin, the discoverer of the harsh and seemingly impregnable space, confirmed this with his unparalleled feat in the spring of 1961. His flight into space personifies all the best that is created by the human mind. I remember the words of Yuri Gagarin, which he said in the pre-launch hour: “Am I happy, setting off on a space flight? Of course, happy. Indeed, at all times and epochs, it was the highest happiness for people to participate in new discoveries.

I agree with Yuri Gagarin's opinion that the path to space for each of us begins here, on earth. And I am convinced that the biggest victory will come only to those who know how to win over themselves the smallest victories that are invisible to others. At present, we, school students, have to win over ourselves almost every day, phones, the Internet, all-consuming communities, iPads, iPhones, smartphones, tablets and much more are terribly “dragged” into their world, which we have to fight. And I have someone to learn from: Gagarin was one of those for whom success in life and study was not easy. Here, for example, is what he wrote in his diary in 1966: “It is hard to study at the academy, but you cannot quit. We really need all this. And English, and laboratory work, and lectures ... Nothing, you have to pull yourself together. Everything has an end, but we will become engineers ... With such a wealth of knowledge it will be easier ... ". Gagarin quickly became a leader, as he was obsessed with his studies. Night or day, morning or evening - he could sit over books and notes, bend over a sheet of drawing paper. Studying for him was a duty and a conscience, a joy and a necessity. In all classes, he sat in front, at the first table, and through hard work he achieved success. It’s not easy for me to study either, but I’m sure that all the knowledge that I get at school will be useful to me, because the school gives not only knowledge and skills in certain areas of science, but also teaches how to live and survive in modern society.

I am sure that every person needs to learn dedication to their work. Gagarin said: “The main strength in a person is the strength of the spirit. In our daily life, we often do not notice how such power comes and accumulates. But then the day comes, and she breaks out. Therefore, in everything and always, every person needs to strive for a big goal, train his will and not back down from anything that seems difficult!

And you need to remember that after sunset comes dawn, after rain there is often a rainbow, and the black stripe is always replaced by white. There will certainly come a time when our ships will once again plow outer space, there will be new discoveries and new long-distance flights. It is necessary to believe in this and bring closer the bright future of our national cosmonautics.

An essay on the theme "Space" is a scope for imagination. Thinking about this topic, you can write not only about the first flight of Yuri Gagarin, but also come up with a fantastic story about the future conquest of various planets or, imagining yourself as an alien, describe your world and society. Traveling on a spaceship is one of the topics that will be of interest to children of any age.

Composition on the topic "The first flight into space"

Do modern kids know about flying into space? Do they dream of becoming astronauts now? An essay on the topic “The first flight into space” is a work for which a student can help his parents prepare. They will tell about Yuri Gagarin's childhood, where he grew up, how he studied and what profession he got. It is possible for the whole family to look for information about how fighter pilots were retrained to fly "new technology", since no one could talk openly about "spaceships" yet.

Both adults and children will be interested to learn about twenty young men who were preparing to pave the way to the stars. An essay on the topic “Flight into Space” can be supplemented with a story about why Gagarin was chosen as the first Soviet cosmonaut. You can make a brief overview of his training in pressure chambers, centrifuges and other simulators. It is imperative to mention those people without whom the first flight would not have been possible: Sergei Pavlovich Korolev and Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky. Then you should proceed to the story of the very day that planet Earth will forever remember: 1961.

About space and man

An essay on the topic “Space and Man” is a very multifaceted work, starting from which you should decide on the direction in which the reasoning will move. In the introduction, you can write that it was Russia that made the main contribution to the exploration of outer space, and then state the views of scientists from different eras on the structure of the Earth and other planets, the solar system, stars and galaxies, and on the theory of the origin of the universe. In the main part, it is worth mentioning Yuri Gagarin as the first person in orbit, and in the main part, talk about further plans for the development of other planets, including Mars. As a conclusion, one can fantasize about what a person expects from space in the future, what plans exist for the development of this direction.

About astronauts and artificial satellites of the Earth

Another option could be an essay on why a person needs to conquer outer space. The introduction can also begin with a brief description of the evolution of views on the planet Earth, recall the myth of Icarus, who dreamed of flying, and aviation pioneers such as Alexander Fedorovich Mozhaisky and the Wright brothers. In addition to a brief story about Yuri Gagarin, it would be appropriate to add information about the cosmonauts who flew after him to the essay on the topic “Space and Man”: for example, about the crew of the Vostok-2 spacecraft Pavel Ivanovich Belyaev and Alexei Arkhipovich Leonov or about the first woman in space - Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova. In the main part - to talk about artificial earth satellites and orbital stations, their role in the development of science, technology and mobile communications, and end with a discussion about the future of the space industry.

Composition on the theme "Space" as a fantastic story

You can approach the work outside the box, turning the essay into a fantastic story about space pirates, battles and life on other planets. To do this, you will have to use all your imagination, but such fantasies will help not only to get an excellent mark in the Russian language: a student who takes the task seriously will have the opportunity to win prizes in various meaning.

You can start a fantastic essay on the topic “Space” with some general facts or a brief discussion about the dreams and plans of mankind to conquer outer space. Then smoothly move on to the story, describing the technologies of the future, the ecological state of the planet and the struggle to save humanity, creating your own characters and telling their story. As a conclusion, it is best to make a brief conclusion about the prospects for the settlement of the human race in outer space, about the social problems that it may face. It is important to write about the fact that, despite the differences between nations, races and even species, you can always find something in common and agree with each other.

Humanity has long been developing at an accelerated pace and is exploring everything that is possible. To date, a lot has already been studied and can be explained on our planet, while space has not yet been fully mastered. Man has always tried to learn something new and even

In ancient times, people thought about what is the sun, the sky and what is there, above the sky. In those days, technology was not yet so developed, so people could only guess what was there.

Then people managed to build such devices that would allow them to fly into space. People even thought that people or other creatures also live somewhere. Perhaps there is a planet like the Earth, which is inhabited by animals and people like us. But so far no such planet has been found, because the cosmos is endless and fraught with many mysteries and interesting things. When the first man flew into space, it was a real breakthrough, everyone was worried about him

Inhabitants of our country.

It seems to me that space exploration is a very exciting activity. No one knows everything that space hides from us, so this field of study is full of interesting and unexpected facts. Someday man will fully explore the cosmos, and then there will be nothing to know. No wonder they are now making films about the future, in which anyone can safely go into space. Perhaps in the future it will be so, because no one knows for sure.

Humanity is currently spending a lot of money on space exploration. Who knows, suddenly aliens live on some planet, more developed than we are and periodically fly to our planet. After all, it is not for nothing that for a long time people have noticed strange objects in the sky, suddenly extraterrestrial intelligence exists, and humanity will find it. Man has already made a lot of effort just to go into space, and now he is trying to find out all the secrets that space hides.

Essays on topics:

  1. Recently I thought about what kind of world we and our children will live in? I would like to believe that it will be better, because ...
  2. What cities do we live in now? They are all very different: big and small, quiet and noisy, clean and dirty. I...
  3. “There are no uninteresting people in the world. ", - said the poet Yevgeny Yevtushenko. Is it so? It's pretty common to hear about someone...