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Arachnids reproduction and development. Where do house spiders come from in the house - is it good or bad. Features of the behavior of the female spider

Why do domestic spiders appear on the walls, ceiling in the bathroom, kitchen, bedroom, disturbing the peace and balance of a person? There are several reasons for this. Arthropods have their own plans for people's homes. How much do they run counter to the plans of the owners of houses and apartments? More on that below.

What types of spiders are there?

Together with a person, spiders live in the house, represented by several species. Most often it is:

haymaker (aka long-legged or window);
black or grey;
tramp.

The haymaker has a body with a round or oval abdomen, six or eight legs, which are its hallmark. The length of the legs of the window spider reaches 5 cm. The long-legged weaves complex extensive networks into which small insects fall. The spider guards the victim, falling into the web, and as soon as from the active desire to escape it becomes so entangled that it cannot move, it injects a paralyzing poison into it.

In a house or apartment, the haymaker chooses places near windows or in dark corners, hanging mostly upside down. When large insects approach, the spider, guarding the web, tries to swing it as actively as possible.

Black or gray house spiders are noticeably smaller than harvestmen. Their body length does not exceed 14 mm. The web of such spiders resembles a pipe in shape, which, after each victim, the arthropod returns to its original position, repairing the damage. Most often, females of gray and black spiders hunt for small insects in the house.

An interesting species of domestic arthropods is vagrants. They can be distinguished by their elongated body and long legs. The main feature of spiders is the absence of a web. They don't need it for hunting. Tramps attack the victim in a jump, instantly paralyze it with poison, and then actively eat it. In one house predators do not linger for a long time.

For humans, the poison of vagrants is not dangerous, given the peculiarities of our climate. In countries with hot climates, spider venom can cause skin inflammation.

In addition to the arthropods listed above, other types of them may appear in the house, but this does not happen so often.

Spider in the house: good or bad

Spiders are not pets. They live in the wild, but may well settle in a house or apartment if the living conditions are suitable for them, and food is constantly available. By understanding what spiders eat, you can prevent their appearance in the house. Favorite treats of arthropods:

mosquitoes;
cockroaches;
flies.

The answer to why there are a lot of spiders in the apartment is simple to answer - the more these insects are in the house, the more hunters will appear for them. To solve the problem is simple - to tighten the cleaning, including in hard-to-reach places.

How do spiders get into the house

In an apartment or house, arthropods appear by penetrating:

through windows;
through doors;
through the attic
through the basement
on clothes;
on flowers or purchased plants brought from the street.

How good or vice versa is it bad for a person, and most importantly, is it necessary to kill uninvited "guests" if the fate is that spiders multiply actively, clogging the house with cobwebs and traces of life. In fact, much depends on the superstition of the owners of the house.

If they believe in omens, then they most likely consider spiders to be symbols of good luck, income, and success. However, signs associated with spiders are not always positive. Many, not knowing for sure whether spiders in the house are good or bad, believe that they can bring bad luck, illness, and even provoke adultery.

Is it necessary to exterminate arthropods

Corners, windows and ceiling, covered with cobwebs, look untidy. If there are a lot of spiders in the house, then the cleaning there is carried out poorly, ignoring hard-to-reach places. That is why, when asked whether it is necessary to look for a remedy for spiders, the answer will be yes. It is possible and necessary to fight arthropods, but it is better to do it humanely, especially if the goal is not to harm living beings.

The most humane method is to remove the spider from the house mechanically. Arthropods are manually collected in a jar or on a scoop, taken away from home, cleanliness is monitored in the house, preventing their further appearance.

On the street, spiders winter under the foliage, in warm corners behind the bark of trees, so you can let them out of the house at any time of the year.

Chemical preparations for arthropods - which ones to choose?

Considering how long spiders live (usually no more than a year), you might think that it is pointless to fight them. However, one must remember the ability of arthropods to actively reproduce. The new generation of spiders will replace the old one so quickly that it will be almost impossible to achieve cleanliness in a house without cobwebs and dry bodies of their victims without special tools.

The most effective chemicals are:

Butox 50.
Dry tablets-traps.

"Butox 50" is a simple and affordable tool, easy to use. Apply it after carefully studying the instructions on the package. To achieve the result, it is enough to treat with an aerosol the surfaces where there are often spiders, first preventing the flow of clean air through windows and doors. After the end of the action of the agent, the room is ventilated.

The drug "Neron" enjoys a well-deserved trust among specialists. As in the previous case, it is necessary to study the instructions for using the tool. In places where food, children's toys, utensils are stored, the product is used with extreme caution, protecting vulnerable things and products with a film.

An alternative to aerosols, often with a pungent odor, will be tablets, they are also traps. They are produced dry, lure spiders, and then poison them with poison. The method is simple and effective, but far from humane.

How to deal with spiders folk methods

Folk remedies and methods will help in the fight against spiders, if the case is not running. The easiest method, as noted above, is to get rid of the food source of arthropods: cockroaches, midges, mosquitoes and other insects. You should not feel sorry for the web woven by predators in the corners of the house. It is better to clean it with a damp cloth, capturing spiders with it.

In a private house, with an abundance of vegetation under the windows and in the yard, it makes sense to use boric acid in the fight against spiders. A special effect can be achieved by combining acid with a vacuum cleaner, which is easy to remove all spiders, including those from hard-to-reach places.

It is believed that spiders do not like the aroma of citrus fruits, chestnuts and hazelnuts. If you place particles of products with odors they hate around the house, especially in crowded places, you can achieve a deterrent effect.

Not the easiest, but effective method is home renovation. Spiders do not tolerate the smell of paint, whitewash, putty. Replacing the floor, wallpaper, followed by general cleaning will get rid of arthropods for a long time and help refresh the interior.

Another folk remedy against domestic arthropods is mint. Even a small amount of fragrant plant spread in the corners of the house will scare away spiders. To enhance the effect, you can use mint aromatic oil, sprayed through a spray bottle around the house in the habitats of spiders. The same effect can be achieved with eucalyptus or tea tree oil.

Spider (Araneae) belongs to the phylum Arthropoda, class Arachnida, order Spiders. Their first representatives appeared on the planet about 400 million years ago.

Spider - description, characteristics and photos

The body of arachnids consists of two parts:

The cephalothorax is covered with a shell of chitin, with four pairs of long jointed legs. In addition to them, there is a pair of leg tentacles (pedipalps) used by sexually mature individuals for mating, and a pair of short limbs with poisonous hooks - chelicerae. They are part of the oral apparatus. The number of eyes in spiders ranges from 2 to 8.
Abdomen with respiratory openings and six arachnoid warts for weaving webs.

The size of spiders, depending on the species, ranges from 0.4 mm to 10 cm, and the span of the limbs can exceed 25 cm.

The coloration and pattern on individuals of different species depend on the structural structure of the integument of scales and hairs, as well as the presence and localization of various pigments. Therefore, spiders can have both a dull solid color and a bright color of various shades.

Types of spiders, names and photos

More than 42,000 species of spiders have been described by scientists. About 2900 varieties are known on the territory of the CIS countries. Consider several varieties:

blue-green tarantula (Chromatopelma cyaneopubescens)

one of the most spectacular and beautiful in color spiders. The belly of the tarantula is red-orange, the limbs are bright blue, the carapace is green. The dimensions of the tarantula are 6-7 cm, with a span of up to 15 cm. The spider is native to Venezuela, but this spider is found in Asia and the African continent. Despite belonging to tarantulas, this type of spider does not bite, but only throws special hairs located on the abdomen, and even then in case of severe danger. For humans, the hairs are not dangerous, but cause small burns on the skin, resembling a nettle burn in effect. Surprisingly, female spiders are long-lived compared to males: the life expectancy of a female spider is 10-12 years, while males live only 2-3 years.

flower spider (Misumena vatia)

belongs to the family of sidewalk spiders (Thomisidae). The color varies from completely white to bright lemon, pink or greenish. Male spiders are small, 4-5 mm long, females reach sizes of 1-1.2 cm. The species of flower spiders is distributed throughout European territory (excluding Iceland), is found in the USA, Japan, and Alaska. The spider lives in open areas, with an abundance of flowering herbs, as it feeds on the juices of butterflies and bees caught in its "embrace".

Grammostola pulchra (Grammostola Pulchra)

Sidewalk spiders (crab spiders) spend most of their lives sitting on flowers waiting for prey, although some members of the family can be found on tree bark or forest floor.

Representatives of the funnel spider family place their web on tall grass and shrub branches.

Wolf spiders prefer damp, grassy meadows and swampy woodlands, where they are found in abundance among fallen leaves.

The water (silver) spider builds a nest under water, attaching it with the help of cobwebs to various bottom objects. He fills his nest with oxygen and uses it as a diving bell.

What do spiders eat?

Spiders are rather original creatures that feed very interestingly. Some species of spiders may not eat for a long time - from a week to a month or even a year, but if they start, then there will be little left. Interestingly, the weight of food that all spiders can eat during the year is several times more than the mass of the entire population living on the planet today.
How and what do spiders eat? Depending on the type and size, spiders get food and eat differently. Some spiders weave a web, thereby organizing ingenious traps that are very difficult for insects to notice. Digestive juice is injected into the caught prey, corroding it from the inside. After a while, the “hunter” draws the resulting “cocktail” into the stomach. Other spiders “spit” sticky saliva during the hunt, thereby attracting prey to them.

The basis of the diet of spiders are insects. Small spiders are happy to eat flies, mosquitoes, crickets, butterflies, mealworms, cockroaches, grasshoppers. Spiders that live on the surface of the soil or in burrows eat beetles and orthopterans, and some species are able to drag a snail or earthworm into their dwelling and eat them quietly there.

The queen spider hunts only at night, creating a sticky web bait for careless moths. Noticing an insect near the bait, the spinning queen quickly swings the thread with her paws, thereby attracting the attention of the victim. The moth happily curls around such a bait, and touching it, immediately remains hanging on it. As a result, the spider can easily pull it towards itself and enjoy the prey.

Large tropical tarantulas are happy to hunt small frogs, lizards, other spiders, mice, including bats, as well as small birds.

And such a species of spiders as Brazilian tarantulas can easily hunt medium-sized snakes and snakes.

Aquatic species of spiders get their food from the water, catching tadpoles, small fish or midges floating on the surface of the water with the help of a web. Some spiders, which are predators, due to the lack of prey, can also get enough of plant food, which includes pollen or plant leaves.

Harvest spiders prefer grains of cereals.

Judging by the numerous notes of scientists, a huge number of spiders destroy small rodents and insects several times more than animals living on the planet.

How does a spider spin its web?

In the back of the spider's abdomen, there are from 1 to 4 pairs of arachnoid glands (arachnoid warts), from which a thin thread of the web stands out. This is a special secret, which in our time, many call liquid silk. Coming out of thin spinning tubes, it hardens in the air, and the resulting thread is so thin that it is quite difficult to see it with the naked eye.

In order to weave a web, the spider spreads its spinning organs, after which it waits for a light breeze so that the spun web catches on a nearby support. After this happens, he moves along the newly created bridge with his back down and begins to weave a radial thread.

When the base is created, the spider moves in a circle, weaving transverse thin threads into its “product”, which are quite sticky.

It is worth noting that spiders are quite economical creatures, so they absorb the damaged or old web, after which they reuse it.

And the old web becomes very fast, as the spider weaves it almost every day.

Web types

There are several types of webs that differ in shape:

The round web is the most common type, endowed with a minimum number of threads. Thanks to this weaving, it turns out to be inconspicuous, but not always elastic enough. From the center of such a web, radial cobwebs diverge, connected by spirals with a sticky base. Usually, round spider webs are not very large, but tropical tree spiders are capable of weaving such traps, reaching two meters in diameter.

Web in the form of a cone: such a web is weaved by a funnel spider. Usually he creates his trapping funnel in tall grass, while he himself hides in its narrow base, waiting for prey.

The zigzag web is its "author" a spider from the genus Argiope.

Spiders from the Dinopidae spinosa family weave a web right between their limbs, and then simply throw it on the approaching victim.

Spider Bolas ( Mastophora cornigera) weaves a thread of a web, on which there is a sticky ball with a diameter of 2.5 mm. With this ball, impregnated with female moth pheromones, the spider attracts prey - a moth. The victim falls for the bait, flies closer to it and sticks to the ball. After that, the spider calmly pulls the victim towards itself.

Spiders of Darwin ( Caaerostris darwini), living on the island of Madagascar, weave giant webs, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich ranges from 900 to 28,000 square meters. cm.

The web can also be divided according to the principle of responsibility of its weaving and type:

household - from such a web, spiders make cocoons and the so-called doors for a dwelling;
strong - its spiders use it for weaving nets, with the help of which the main hunt will be carried out;
sticky - it goes only to prepare jumpers in trapping nets and sticks so strongly when touched that it is very difficult to remove it.

Spider breeding

As the spiders grow, from time to time they shed their tight chitinous shell and overgrow with a new one. They can shed up to 10 times in their lifetime. Spiders are dioecious individuals, and the female is much larger than the male. During the mating season, which lasts from mid-autumn to early spring, the male fills the bulbs at the ends of his pedipalps with sperm and goes in search of a female. After performing the "nuptial dance" and fertilization, the male spider hastily retreats and dies after a while.

After two and a half months, the female spider lays eggs, and after 35 days small spiders appear, living until the first molt in the web. Females reach sexual maturity at 3-5 years of age.

Among spiders, only poisonous ones are dangerous to humans. On the territory of the CIS countries, there is one such species - karakurt, or black widow.

With a timely injection of a special serum, the bite passes without consequences.

Recently, it has become fashionable to keep spiders at home. For beginners, a white-haired tarantula is recommended, which is a harmless representative of the arachnid class.

According to statistics, 6% of the world's population suffer from arachnophobia - the fear of spiders. Particularly sensitive natures panic when they see a spider in a photo or on TV.
Terrifying-looking spiders - tarantulas, with a paw span of up to 17 cm, are actually calm and non-aggressive, thanks to which they have earned the fame of popular pets. However, owners must protect their pets from stress, otherwise the spider sheds its bright hairs, which cause an allergic reaction in humans.
The most poisonous spiders are black widows, their variety is karakurt, as well as Brazilian soldier spiders. The poison of these spiders, containing powerful neurotoxins, instantly attacks the victim's lymphatic system, which in most cases leads to cardiac arrest.
Many mistakenly believe that tarantula venom is fatal to humans. In fact, a tarantula sting causes only a slight swelling, similar to a wasp sting.
Crab wall spiders, named Selenopidae in Latin after the Greek goddess of the moon, move sideways as well as backwards.
Jumping spiders are excellent jumpers, especially over long distances. As a safety net, the spider attaches a silk web thread to the landing site. In addition, this type of spider can climb glass.
While chasing a prey, some species of spiders can run almost 2 km in 1 hour without stopping.
Fishing spiders have the ability to glide across the water like water striders.
Most species of spiders have an individual form of woven web. House (funnel) spiders weave webs in the form of a funnel; angular webs are characteristic of dictine weaver spiders. The web of nicodama spiders looks like a sheet of paper.
Lynx spiders are distinguished by a property that is uncharacteristic of spiders: protecting the masonry, females spit for the threat of poison, although this poison does not pose a danger to humans.
Female wolf spiders are very caring mothers. Until the children gain independence, the mother "carries" the cubs on herself. Sometimes there are so many spiders that only 8 eyes remain open on the spider's body.
The burial New Zealand spider is immortalized in cinematography thanks to the director Peter Jackson, who used this species as a prototype of the Shelob spider.
Very beautiful flower spiders lie in wait for prey on flowers, and adult females, as a disguise, change their color depending on the color of the petals.
The history of mankind is closely intertwined with the image of the spider, which is reflected in many cultures, mythology and art. Each nation has its own traditions, legends and signs associated with spiders. Spiders are even mentioned in the Bible.
In symbolism, the spider personifies deceit and immense patience, and the poison of the spider is considered a curse that brings misfortune and death.

The nature of reproduction in tarantulas is very complex, and in our time is very little studied. Young males and females have a similar way of life, and it is almost impossible to distinguish them by behavior.

I distinguish pubertal males from females by the way of life they lead and by their appearance. In most tarantula species, the males are brightly colored. Often they are much smaller than females and have proportionately larger elongated paws, a different arrangement of pedipalps, thereby differing from females in greater mobility.

Sexually, males mature earlier than females. On average, in males, sexual vision occurs at 1.5 years, while in females, maturity does not come earlier than 2 years (some species diverge in the difference even more - 1.5 and 3 years). "Closely related" mating of spiders that came out of the same cocoon remains impossible in natural conditions. But still, such crossing is possible when the spiders grew up in captivity, with the help of artificially creating different temperature and moisture conditions for the spiders for the feeding regimen from an early age.

Mature male, weaves the so-called sperm web before mating. This sperm web is shaped like a triangle or quadrangle, into the lower part of which it releases drops of sperm. The sperm is covered by the copulatory apparatus, after which the male begins his search for the female. At such a time, the spider behaves diametrically back from permanent life. During the mating season, the male wanders, is very active and can be seen moving even in the daytime. Male tarantulas cover about 7 - 9 km in one night alone, in search of their female.

The male finds the female only with the help of his sensation (the vision of the spider does not affect these searches in any way: the male very quickly finds the female with smeared eyes) by the smell of the trace that she leaves on the rock or the web near her hole (for example, the female Aphonopelma hentzi near the entrance to her a hole is weaved by a small ball of cobwebs).

Finally, having finished his search, the male moves into the inside of the hole. Thus, having met with a female, there can be 2 variations of this event:

In the 1st variant, if the female is still not ready to cross, then she starts to attack the male very quickly, pushing her chelicerae apart in order to kill the male. In this scenario, the male must retreat, or he has a chance:

1) be a "nutritious" food;

2) to be left without one or a pair - three limbs. Since the female does not initially perceive him as her sexual partner.

2nd option. In this case, the female may often not show any interest in the partner. In such cases, the male lowers his cephalothorax and raises his abdomen, stretching his forepaws and pedipalps apart in front of him, then he begins to back away towards the exit, in this way the male tries to attract the attention of the female (as if inviting her to follow him) . After some time, the spider stops and again moves its front paws in different directions - to the left or to the right. And with all this, he does not forget to lift up his body so that the female's interest is not lost in him until the couple leaves the hole and goes outside. When the male is not outside again, he will not feel confident and will not be able to move around safely.

male courtship- tarantulas are much simpler than other types of spiders. For other spiders, very unusual mating behavior is characteristic, it consists in performing peculiar so-called "nuptial dances", for example, in such species as Araneidae, Salticidae, Lycosidae, or the male offers the female a recently killed prey (as in Pisauridae).

The male spider begins to slowly approach the female, instantly touching her with the front pair of his limbs and pedipalps, or begins to knock his paws on the substrate. As a rule, the male periodically repeats these actions from time to time, to make sure that the female does not harm him in some way. To our time, studies have not yet been carried out whether there are any features of the behavior of other tarantula species during crossing.

If the female is still behaving passively, the male will gradually approach her, pushing the front pair of his legs between the pedipalps and chelicera, she places them when she is ready to mate. Then the male, as it were, somehow sticks into them with his tibial hooks in order to take a stable position and pushes back the female's cephalothorax, “stroking” the lower part at the base of the abdomen.

When the female shows her full readiness for mating(this is also often manifested in the abundant "drum" sound that she makes with her paws hitting the substrate), the male wraps the embulus (embolus) 1 from the pedipalps and introduces it into the gonopore (gonopore), which is located in the epigastric groove. The spider repeats the same procedure with the 2nd pedipalp. In fact, this is the very moment of copulation. All this happens within a couple of seconds. Often, the male quickly crawls away after this process, as the female will follow him.

It is known that the female after crossing eats her partner, but this is not at all the case; this often doesn't happen (often the male eats the female, not the other way around), if the male has enough space to move away, he may fertilize a few more females afterward. A spider can mate with several males in one season.

The eggs are fertilized in the uterus, the seminal receptors come into contact with it, and after a certain period during copulation (1-8 months), such a long process directly depends on different conditions (seasons, temperature changes, amount of moisture and food), and of course a certain type of tarantula , weaving a cocoon, the female lays her eggs there. All this action takes place in the inhabited chamber of the burrow, and then it reincarnates as a nest. The cocoon consists, as a rule, of 2 parts, which are fastened at the edges. Initially, the main part is woven, then the masonry is adjusted on it, it is then woven with the covering part. Some species (Avicularia spp., Theraphosa blondi) braid their “protective hairs” into the cocoon walls so that it is protected from unwanted enemies.

Unlike other types of spiders, the female tarantula protects her masonry and cares for her. Sometimes she flips the cocoon with her chelicerae and pedipalps. She can also move the cocoon if the temperature begins to fluctuate and the humidity level drops or rises. This is due to some difficulties in the artificial incubation of spider eggs at home. Many cases are known when the female ate her laid cocoons due to the stress caused or for reasons unknown to science. To this end, American, German, English and Australian collectors invented the incubator. Lovers, on the other hand, simply take the cocoons from the female, thereby absorbing the “duties of the mother”, they twist the cocoons with their own hands, several times a day.

It is curious that for some varieties of tarantulas the following fact is known:

After successful mating, females lay several cocoons, with some time gap, as a rule, it is no more than one month:

Hysterocrates spp., Stromatopelma spp., Holothele spp., Psalmopoeus spp., Tapinauchenius spp., Metriopelma spp., Pterinochilus spp., Ephebopus spp. and etc. What is most surprising, the percentage of unfertilized eggs increases markedly in repeated clutches.

The number of eggs that a female lays is certainly different, depending on the species and directly depends on her size, age and other factors. The largest number of eggs is known for Lasiodora parahybana species and is approximately 2.5 thousand pieces! In small spiders, the number of eggs does not exceed 30-60 pieces.

Incubation time: is also different - 0.8 - 6 months. It is very interesting that arboreal species tend to have shorter lines than terrestrial ones.

Average incubation temperature- 26-28 ° С, humidity should be - 80%, only for such genera of tarantulas as Xenesthis , Megaphobema, the incubation temperature should not exceed 25°C.

Birth sizes to the light of small spiders, on average, from 2 to 5 mm (for example, Cyclosternum) and up to 1.5 cm in the span of the paws of the goliath tarantula Theraphosa blondi. Newly born spiders of arboreal species are often larger than those born in terrestrial tarantulas, but the number of babies is usually much smaller (no more than 250 pieces). Newly born tarantulas are very mobile, and at the least danger they hide and run away to a nearby shelter or very quickly burrow into the substrate. This behavior of spiders is typical for all types of spiders (arboreal, burrowing, terrestrial).

Young spiders of the same clutch hatch at about the same time. Before it hatches at the base of the pedipalp of the embryo, tiny spines are formed - “egg teeth”, with the help of which the spider breaks the egg shell and is born “into the light”. To the so-called postembryonic molting, which occurs most often inside the cocoon, a newly born baby has very thin integument, its appendages are not separated, it still cannot feed itself, therefore, it lives off the accumulated yolk, which remains in the intestine. This one of the stages of life is called "prelarva" (after which they turn into stage 1 nymphs). After the next molt (3-5 weeks), the prelarva turns into the “larva” stage (nymphs of the 2nd stage), which is also not yet feeding, but more or less mobile and already has the smallest claws on its paws and developed chelicerae (Vachon, 1957) .

With subsequent (postembryonic) molting young spiders begin to form, which, becoming more active and able to feed themselves, crawl out of the cocoon and for the first time, most often, stay in a heap, and then scatter in all directions, and begin to live independently.

Most often, after young spiders emerge from the cocoon, the female no longer worries about them, but a very interesting feature of nature in the genus Hysterocrate s from the island of Sao Tome, Pamphobeteus, Pterinochilus. This feature is that, after the birth of the spiders, they live next to the female for about six months. With all this, the female shows real, maternal love for her children. This feature has been seen only in this species, while in other species such a phenomenon has not yet been noticed (but there are some exceptions here too). Mother, very actively protects her children from any possible danger and herself obtains food for them. Similar facts are known with such a species as Haplopelma schmidti (E. Rybaltovsky).

Nature and lifestyle that young spiders lead, most often, are very similar to the life of adult spiders. They equip burrows for themselves, hunt a lot to obtain their own food, of an acceptable size for them. The number of molts throughout life is different. The number of molts depends on the size of the tarantula and its sex (in males, their number is always less than in females), for example, 9 - 15 molts per life. The average life expectancy of female tarantulas is also very different compared to males.

Tree spiders, and even such large spiders as Poecilotheria, as well as tarantulas of the genus Pterinochilus, live no more than 15 years. Large terrestrial, namely American spiders, live in a terrarium from 25 years old, and for the estate and individual facts to an older age (for example, the age of the female Brachypelma emilia, who lived with S. A. Schultz and M. J. Schultz, was approximately 35 years).

The life span of males much less, on average it is 3-5 years. Due to the fact that males reach their sexual maturity much earlier than females (1.5-4 years), and often the average life length of male tarantulas of the last molt (after the appearance of sexual characteristics in males) is from 5 months to 1 .5 years. But, for some specimens of species, much longer periods (6 years) are known.

According to Dr. Claudio Lipari, the last life span of males of the last age of the Brazilian Grammostola pulchra is no less than 2.5 years, and one species lived with him for about 5 years.

The rest of the long-livers among male tarantulas of the last age, according toaccording to Lucian Rosa, the following:

Grammostola rosea - 18 months

Megaphobema velvetosoma - 9 months,

Poecilotheria formosa - 11 months

Poecilotheria ornata - 13 months

Poecilotheria rufilata - 17 months.

According to the Canadian scientist Rick West, the sexually mature male tarantula Phormictopus cancerides lived with Allan McKee, although after his molt he lost the upper segments of the pedipalps - 27 months, and the male Brachypelma albopilosum at Rick West himself - 2.5 years after the onset of maturity and died during the next molting.

It is also known about a unique case when a male with a small size of the tree species Poecilotheria regalis successfully molted 2 times in an amateur Jay Stotsky! at the last age, the intervals between molts were 18 months. But with all this, the pedipalps and one chelicera that he lost during the first molt were completely restored after the second molt!

True, it should be said that such cases have become known only in the content of tarantulas in a terrarium.

With regard to the onset of puberty of tarantulas, that is, the following, as a rule, is conflicting information.

Males of the genus Aphonopelma reach sexual maturity at 10-13 years, females at 10-12 years. Tarantulas Grammostola burzaquensis become sexually mature at 6 years (Ibarra-Grasso, 1961), Acanthoscurria sternalis at 4-6 years (Galiano 1984, 1992).

Thanks for attention!

Spiders are all around us. Therefore, it is important to know which spiders are safe and which ones should be avoided.

Spiders are one of the oldest inhabitants of the planet, known from the Devonian and Carboniferous periods. It is believed that they appeared about 400 million years ago. The creations of the Paleozoic era had a characteristic web apparatus, but were more primitive. Their habitat is the widest - the entire planet, not counting the Antarctic.

Spider science: what is it called?

Araneology is the science of spiders, which is part of the branch of zoology - arachnology. Arachnology is the study of arthropods, invertebrates, arachnids. The origin of the name is ancient Greek.

Also, arachnology is the art of weather prediction based on observing the actions of spiders.

Spiders - what are: types

Researchers know about 42 thousand species of spiders. Spiders can be divided into three large suborders, which mainly differ in the structure of the jaws, more precisely, in the position of the chelicera relative to the longitudinal axis of the body.

Suborder Orthognatha

More often, representatives of this suborder are called migalomorphs. They are characterized by the presence of thick hairs, large size and primitive structure of the jaws - the claw is directed downwards and grows only on the upper jaw. The respiratory system is represented by lung sacs.

Most migalomorphs live in warm climates. Burrows suit themselves underground.

Orthognatha include:

tarantulas
funnel spiders
ctenizides
spiders - diggers

Suborder Araneomorpha

Almost all other spider species known to naturalists belong to the large Labidognatha or Araneomorpha group. They differ in that they have claws equipped with both jaws. The respiratory system is represented by the trachea.

Types of spiders that catch prey without a net:

crab spiders
jumping spiders
wolf spiders

Types of spiders using a trapping web:

linifid spiders
web spiders
funnel spiders, or brownies
centipede spiders
orb weaving spiders

Among the araneomorphic spiders, there are also those that are not able to produce cribellum - the substance from which spiders produce durable spider silk, and those who produce it.

Suborder Mesothelae

Lyphistiomorphic spiders are distinguished by the fact that the chelicerae are spaced to the side, and not directed downwards. This position is considered more evolutionarily advanced. But, this suborder is considered the most primitive, its traces were found in carbon deposits. Spiders have archaic lung sacs, four pairs of arachnoid warts that have not yet been shifted to the end of the abdomen. They live in earthen burrows that are closed with a lid. Signal threads diverge from minks. Although one species prefers caves, where it makes spider tubes on the walls.

These include:

arthropod spiders
primitive arthrolycosid spiders
primitive spiders arthromygalides

Spider: insect, animal or not?

Spiders belong to a type of animal - an order of arthropods in the arachnid class. Therefore, spiders are animals, not insects.

Differences between a spider and an insect:

Spiders have four pairs of legs, and insects have three pairs.
spiders do not have antennae characteristic of insects
many eyes, up to twelve pairs
the body of a spider always consists of a cephalothorax and an abdomen
some types of spiders have intelligence: they distinguish strangers from their own, can protect the owner, feel the mood of the owner, even dance to the music. Not a single insect can do this, unlike an animal.

Spider body structure

The body of spiders, covered with an outer skeleton of chitin, consists of two sections, which are connected by a small tube:

the cephalothorax is formed by the head merged with the chest
abdomen

cephalothorax

The cephalothorax is divided by a groove into two sections: head and chest. In the anterior head section are the eyes and jaws - chelicerae. In most spiders, the chelicerae are directed downwards, ending in a claw. The claws contain venom glands.
The lower part of the jaws - pedipalps, are used as palps and grasping elements. Between the pedipalps is a mouth that serves for sucking. In some mature males, the pedipalps are also cymbium - the copulatory apparatus.
Simple eyes are also found in the anterior head region.
Four pairs of jointed legs are also located on the cephalothorax in the thoracic region. Each spider leg consists of 7 segments. The last segment of each leg has two or more smooth or serrated claws.

Abdomen

The abdomen can have a shape: round, oval with processes, angular, elongated worm-shaped. On the abdomen are stigmas - breathing holes.
On the underside of the abdomen are arachnoid warts, in which the arachnoid glands are located. Near the base of the abdomen is the genital opening. In females, it is surrounded by a thickened chitinous plate, while in males, the genital opening looks like a simple gap.

Spiders can grow up to 10 cm in size, and their limb span can exceed 25 cm, it all depends on the species. The smallest representatives are only 0.4 mm in size.

Color, pattern depends on the structure of the scales and hairs covering the body, the presence of pigment and the type of spider.

How many legs does a spider have?

All spiders have four pairs of legs, which are located on the cephalothorax and are usually covered with hairs.
Each foot has crescent-shaped, comb-like claws. Between the claws, most often, there is a sticky pad - a claw-like appendage.
Web-weaving spiders have auxiliary serrated claws that allow the spider to move freely along the web.

How many eyes does a spider have?

Depends on the type. Some species have only two eyes, and some have up to twelve. Most species have 8 eyes, which are arranged in two rows.
In any case, the two front eyes are the main (master). They differ in structure from other side eyes: they have muscles to move the retina and do not have a reflective shell. Also auxiliary eyes are distinguished by the presence of light-sensitive retinal cells. The more of them, the sharper the spider's vision.
Some spiders can see as well as humans and distinguish colors. For example, jumping spiders. Night hunters, for example, sidewalker spiders, see perfectly not only at night, but also during the day. But wandering spiders see best.

How does a spider spin its web?

The thread of the web consists of many thin threads that the spider glues together with a special liquid that quickly hardens in air. Thanks to this, such a high strength of the web is achieved that spiders even travel with it, overcoming kilometers of distance.

The web can be dry, sticky, elastic - it all depends on the purpose of the thread.

Types of threads for cobwebs:

for cocoon
sticky thread
for moving
to confuse prey
thread for fastening

The design of the web depends on the method of hunting. Spiders use a thread that reflects ultraviolet rays, which most insects see, when weaving. Moreover, the spider weaves ultraviolet-reflecting threads in such a way that they look like flowers, which also reflect ultraviolet. Therefore, insects fly to the alluring and sweet flower, and fall into the web.

Stages of weaving a web:

The first spider releases a long thread. Such a thread is picked up by the air flow, rushes to the nearest branch and clings to it (Fig. 1, 2).
Then another free-hanging thread parallel to the previous one is woven. The spider moves to the middle of this thread, which is stretched under its weight, and weaves another thread in a downward direction until it finds the third support (Fig. 3).
On the support, the spider fastens the thread and a Y-shaped frame is obtained.
Next, a general contour is woven and a few more radii (Fig. 4).
At these radii, an auxiliary spiral is woven (Fig. 5). This whole frame is woven from a non-sticky thread.
Next, the spider weaves a second spiral with a sticky thread, towards the middle of the web from its edge.

Construction may take 1-2 hours.

How do spiders reproduce?

Males usually differ from females in size (the male is smaller), long legs, brighter coloration, the presence of pedipalps, which appear in males only during the last molt.
First, the males weave a special sperm web. Although some species are limited to a few stretched threads. Then the spider puts a drop of sperm on the web and fills the pedipalps with sperm, with the help of which it injects the sperm into the female's seminal receptacle. And goes in search of a female.
The spider finds the female by smell. Having found a suitable female, the male begins to cautiously approach. If the female is not disposed to courtship, then she attacks the spider, and may even eat it.
If the female looks at the male favorably, then the male begins to lure the female: he performs “wedding dances”, “tinkles” his feet, and brings prey. Having appeased the female, the spider carefully approaches her, touches her with the tips of her legs, then with her pedipalps and retreats. Also, the male "drums" on the substrate.
If the female does not show aggression and "drums" herself, then the male carefully approaches and brings his pedipalps to the female's genital opening. The act lasts a few seconds.
The male then runs away to avoid being eaten by the female. Although this happens quite rarely. A female can have several males in one season.
After 6-10 weeks, the female spins a cocoon, in which she lays up to 500 eggs. The female carefully guards the cocoon, holding it between the chelicerae. After another 5 weeks, spiders appear.

How long do spiders live?

Most spiders live for a year. But some species, such as Grammostol pulchra from tarantulas, can live 35 years. And this applies only to females, males even tarantulas live 2-3 years.

Non-poisonous spiders: a list with names

There are no completely non-venomous spiders. Poison is necessary in order to paralyze the victim, for protection.

But the venom of most spiders encountered is not dangerous. In some cases, it is so small that no one will notice, or redness and swelling will appear. Although in isolated cases, an allergy to spider venom is possible.

Safe for humanscommonspiders:

Common Harvester Spider. The size of the male is up to 7 mm, the female is up to 9 mm. Leggy. They hunt in the dark. They like to gather in a pile so that they seem to be a tuft of wool. Weaves a non-sticky web. They scare off enemies with the release of an unpleasant odor.

More than 5 thousand species. This is a small 5-6 mm spider that loves to bask in the sun and climbs glass perfectly. Good jumpers, they can jump up to 20 cm. Webs do not weave, they attack by jumping, they have excellent eyesight.

More than 1 thousand species. Size up to 25 mm - females, up to 10 mm - males. It has several white spots on its abdomen, forming a cross. They hunt with the help of a round hunting net, which can reach 1.5 m in diameter.

Size up to 10 mm. Hunts from an ambush, instantly grabs the victim and paralyzes her with poison. Networks do not weave. It has camouflage - if necessary, changes color from rich yellow to white. Those that hunt on the bark of trees are brown, and those in the leaves are variegated.

House spider or funnel spider, the most famous and widespread. Weaves a web in a secluded place: on the ceiling, in the corner, behind the closet. The male is up to 10 mm in size, the female is slightly larger - up to 12 mm. The color is yellow-gray with brown spots.

The size of the female is up to 10 mm, the male is slightly smaller. The color is light yellow, sometimes greenish. On the underside of the belly, elongated in the form of a seed, there are two light stripes. They build circular networks with large "holes" designed for centipede mosquitoes. The web is built near water, they know how to run on water.

The size of the male is up to 16 mm, the female is up to 12 mm. A rare spider, adapted to live in freshwater sluggish water. Can swim. The abdomen is covered with hairs to hold air, so under water the spider appears "silver". A “bell” filled with air spins in the water, where it lives: rests, leaves reserves, eats caught prey.

Spider-tarantula (tarantula). Large, up to 20 cm with a leg span. They have a beautiful variety of colors. Weave a web. Some species are completely harmless to humans; others may cause swelling, redness, itching, fever, and muscle cramps from the bite of others. No deaths have been described. It is they who are most often kept in homes, females of some species live up to 35 years. Very unpretentious in care. Bird-eaters can even be trained.

Top 10 most dangerous, poisonous, deadly spiders in the world, on the planet: a list with names

A resident of the tropics and subtropics of South America is the most dangerous spider according to the Guinness book. The size of the spider is 10-12.5 cm. It is fast, active, does not spin webs, and constantly moves in search of prey. Likes bananas. It feeds on other spiders, insects, lizards, birds.

In danger, it rears up, shows fangs. Deadly poison for weakened people, children. Without assistance, death from the bite of some individuals can occur in 20-30 minutes. A healthy adult usually has a severe allergic reaction.

The habitat is the deserts of South America, Africa. They can go without water and food for a long time - up to a year. Size taking into account the span of the paws up to 5 cm.

When hunting, it burrows into the sand, lets it get closer and attacks from cover. The poison is a hemolytic-necrotic toxin that thins the blood and causes tissue decomposition. The victim dies from internal bleeding. No antidote has been created, but people die extremely rarely.

Habitat - Australia, within a radius of 100 km from Sydney. Size - up to 5 cm. Lives and hunts in stumps, under stones, on trees or open areas. The venom is harmless to most mammals, but deadly to humans and primates.

The spider, in danger, rears up, shows fangs. When bitten, it digs into the body of the victim and bites many times in a row. At the same time, it is difficult to tear it off. Poison is dangerous due to large doses. First, the state of health worsens: nausea, vomiting, sweating. Then - blood pressure decreases and blood circulation is disturbed, and in the end - the respiratory organs fail.

One of the most famous species. Habitat - Mexico, USA, southern Canada, New Zealand. They prefer to live in the desert and prairies. The size of the female is up to 1 cm. Females are more dangerous than males. If bitten by a female, then the antidote must be administered within 30 seconds.

Spider venom is 15 times stronger than rattlesnake venom. The bite site heals up to 3 months. The bite is characterized by acute pain, which after 1 hour spreads throughout the body, causing convulsions. Breathing is difficult, there is vomiting, sweating, headache, paresthesia of the limbs, fever.

It looks like a black widow. Originally lived in Australia, now spread throughout the world, with the exception of the poles. Up to 1 cm in size. It feeds on insects, flies, cockroaches, even lizards.

The poison is not able to kill a person, but after a bite, pain, cramps, nausea, increased sweating, and general weakness are felt.

6. Karakurt - "black worm"

From the genus of black widows, lives in the steppe and desert zones of Russia. The size of the male is up to 0.7 cm, the female is up to 2 cm. The most dangerous is the poison of females with red dots on their abdomen.

The bite of the spider itself is practically not felt, but after a few minutes, a sharp pain is felt, gradually spreading throughout the body. Convulsions begin, a red rash appears, the victim may feel causeless fear, depression. Without assistance, a bite can become fatal for 5 days.

The second name is violin spider. Habitat - northern Mexico, southern USA, California. Sizes of males - 0.6 cm, females - up to 20 cm. Not aggressive. Lives in dark, dry places: attics, sheds, closets.

The bite is almost insensitive. After a bite, the effect of the poison begins to be felt after it spreads throughout the body, in a day. The temperature rises, nausea, rash, pain throughout the body, tissue swelling appear. Tissue necrosis begins in 30%, organs sometimes fail, and only a few deaths have been recorded.

Initially, it inhabited only South America (Chile), now it also lives in North America, it is found in Europe and Australia. Lives in abandoned places: sheds, woodpile, attics. Feeds on insects and other spiders. Size including paws - up to 4 cm.

The bite is painful, similar in strength to a cigarette burn. The poison has a necrotic effect. The victim feels severe pain. Renal failure may develop. Treatment takes many months, and 1 in 10 people die.

9 Wolf Spiders

Habitat - the whole world, except for Antarctica, but prefer warm countries. They live in bushes, in grassy meadows, in forests near water sources, in fallen leaves, under stones. Sizes - up to 30 mm. They feed on cicadas and bedbugs.

The bite of tropical species can cause prolonged pain, dizziness, swelling, severe itching, nausea, and rapid pulse. Their venom is not lethal.

Theraphosa Blond

10. Blonde Theraphosa

One of the largest spiders, the second name is the goliath tarantula. Body size - up to 9 cm, leg span - up to 25 cm. It feeds on toads, mice, small birds and snakes. It bites only in cases of danger.

The poison has a paralytic effect. But for a person it is fraught with only swelling and itching. When bitten by large animals and humans, venom is usually not injected. In case of danger, the tarantula shakes off sharp hairs from the back, which cause irritation of the mucous membranes.

Although there are many dangerous spiders, they rarely attack. Attack, as a rule, is associated with protection, and in ordinary life, spiders shy away, preferring secluded places for life. There are few deaths, but care is always needed in handling these animals.

Video. The strangest spiders and unusual spiders in the world

- these are animals that since ancient times have caused both interest and fear in people. Each spider is interesting for its unique features of living, obtaining food, and reproduction.

In this article, we will cover these topics, consider the causes of the appearance of cobwebs in our homes and study effective ways to breed spiders.

Today on our planet there is about 40 thousand species of spiders. Only a few of them live in Russia. For the most part, they live in open nature, but quite often they appear in people's homes.

In fact, only a few species can live indoors. Spiders and cobwebs in the house often scare people, and you should understand that these arthropods are not interested in people, they are afraid of them and will never attack first.

Black and white house spiders

The most common domestic spider species are:

haymaker, which has a small body and very long legs, reaching a length of 5 cm.
Gray house spider.
Tramp.
Black house spider. They live in the house and weave a tubular web in the corners, which is a serious trap for its victims. They are quite large in size, their length is about 13 mm. They bite a person extremely rarely, but if this happens, it is very unpleasant and painful, since it can cause such consequences as allergies, swelling, vomiting, dizziness and general malaise of the bitten.
white spiders There are different types and live in different countries. So, for example, in the southern part of Russia, as well as in the countries of the Middle East, you can meet Karakut. Africa is home to the White Lady. In North America, southern Europe, Japan and Russia, a white flower spider is found. White spiders are rarely found in the house, they usually live in nature, in the garden, in the garden, in the forest, and their bite is the most dangerous for humans, and can even be fatal.

Many spider lovers keep them on purpose to add an exotic touch to their home, and they can also be classified as domestic. The most famous white spider among such pets is white-haired tarantula.

What do spiders look like?

Each type of spider looks unique. Exotic spiders that live in terrariums tend to catch the eye with their impressive size, fleecy surface and bright colors.

Domestic spiders look more modest:

So, for example, a haymaker spider has a small body and very long legs, reaching a length of 5 cm.
Black spiders - black or dark gray, about 13 mm in size.
Gray spiders are very similar to black ones, having the same dimensions.
The tramp spider is brown and light brown in color, having an elongated abdomen and long legs.

Many types of spiders differ in their speed of movement, web, search for food, appearance, but the number of legs is the same for all - there are 8 of them.

The limbs of spiders differ in size and cover, but their main functions are inherent in all types of arthropods:

Legs are the means of transportation for spiders. Someone has the ability to move by jumping, someone uses lateral walking, someone runs on water, and some change locations by stomping loudly.
The limbs are carriers of many receptors: smell, touch, balance. They help spiders recognize danger, find food.
The function of the paws is to weave a web. Thanks to this ability, spiders have the opportunity to get food.
Spider parents use their tentacles to hold and move their cocoon to another place. It is for these purposes that spiders have such a large number of limbs that simultaneously serve them as hands, nose, vision, and even the so-called "sixth sense".

Types of spiders in Russia

There are quite a few varieties of spiders in Russia, the most common among them are:

Serebryanka- this is the only species that lives on the water and under it. The habitat is swampy water bodies of Russia. Refers to poisonous spiders.
Spider-cross living in temperate climates, on the grass and branches of bushes and trees. It has a cross-shaped pattern at the top of the abdomen. Not dangerous to humans.
South Russian tarantula- lives in the semi-desert and steppe regions of Russia, lives in burrows. It is a poisonous and dangerous species of spiders for humans.
house spiders living closely with a person and safe for him. Weave a web in the most inconspicuous corners of the room.
Spider knitter, which has the ability to disguise itself and become invisible. Refers to non-poisonous representatives of arachnids.
jumping spider- jumping small spider. It has the ability to climb glass and capture its prey without the help of a web.
H black widow (karakut)- the most dangerous type of spider for humans. Lives in the Astrakhan and Orenburg regions, as well as in the North Caucasus.

Are spiders insects or animals?

Many people are interested in this question, some people believe that spiders are insects, however, this is not so.

Spiders belong to the class Arachnida and belong to a species of animal, not insects, despite the incredible resemblance to the latter. Arachnids were born 300 million years before insects.

Both of these species formed separate classes that have clear differences:

Insects: have 6 legs, belong to the class of insects such as arthropods, for the most part they are omnivorous creatures. The main divisions of the structure of insects: head, chest, abdomen, wings.
Spiders have 8 legs, belong to the class of arachnids, the type of arthropods, are very selective in food, born hunters. It consists of only two sections - the abdomen, from which the paws grow, and the cephalothorax, on which the spider's oral apparatus is located. Has the ability to weave a web.

What do spiders eat?

Spiders, despite their small size, consume a large amount of food, however, they may not eat for a long time - from a month to a year. An interesting fact is that in a year the mass of food eaten by spiders exceeds the amount of food consumed by all people in the world.

Each species of spider has its own ways of obtaining food:

Creating traps using web weaving. Caught prey is processed by digestive juice, corroding it from the inside, after which the spider swallows it.
Search for food by spitting out sticky saliva, which allows you to attract food to yourself.

What do spiders eat:

The main diet of both street and domestic spiders are insects. Spiders in a private house feed on flies, mosquitoes, crickets, butterflies, mealworms, cockroaches, grasshoppers, woodlice larvae. Read the answer to the question for more details.
Spiders living in burrows or on the surface of the soil love to feast on beetles, orthopterans, and even snails and earthworms.
Some species hunt at night. So, for example, the queen spider creates a trap for moths at night.
Exotic spiders, due to their impressive size, choose larger prey for themselves. So, tarantulas prefer to hunt frogs, lizards, other spiders, mice, and even small birds. And the Brazilian tarantula is able to catch and eat medium-sized snakes and snakes.
Spiders living on the water catch tadpoles, small fish or midges floating on the surface of the water with the help of a web.
Some spiders use the plant world as a source of food: pollen, plant leaves, cereal grains.

How do spiders give birth?

By their nature, sexually mature males differ significantly from females in their small size, bright color, and short life expectancy. They are found in nature, as a rule, they are much rarer.

In some species of spiders, males are not found at all. It is believed that the female spider has the ability to develop eggs virgin, therefore, can breed offspring without even being fertilized.

The male independently fills the genitals with sperm and goes in search of the female. Some species of spiders bring a gift to the "lady of the heart" - an insect, as attention and approval by her. Males try their best to care so as not to be eaten by the female. They perform a wedding dance - the rhythmic movement of their paws along their own web.

Some types of spiders fight on the female's web, while others mate with males. Many males, in order to avoid the threat from the female, mate at the moment she has experienced a molt, while she is still helpless. Indeed, often a fertilized spider strives to eat its partner. Sometimes the male manages to escape.

Some types of spiders create families: they live in the same nest, raise offspring, share prey. There are cuckoo spiders that toss their cocoons into the nests of other relatives.

The female spider can breed at a time up to 200,000 children. Such incredibly large offspring can bring both large and very tiny species of spiders. Spider eggs go through two molts before reaching the adult stage.

An interesting fact is that spiders have the ability to independently cause their birth in the case of sick or weak offspring.

How long do spiders live?

The life expectancy of spiders depends primarily on their species. Most spiders have many enemies and rarely live to a natural death.

Spider lifespan:

So, some live only a couple of months, while others can live for several years. Moreover, about six months is spent on the egg stage.
The life cycle of males ends much faster than the cycle of spiders. Subject to comfortable living, males live only two years, but females can live up to ten years.

There are also such records:

Some female tarantulas can live for over twenty years.
Spiders of the genus Sicarius living in South America and Africa can live up to 15 years.
Some tarantulas can live twenty years.
It is clear that spider species that are pets of humans and live in captivity have a longer life. History knows cases when such spiders lived up to thirty years.

Are house spiders dangerous to humans?

All spiders are naturally venomous, but the dose of venom from domestic spiders is not significant for humans. Therefore, in case of a bite, which is extremely rare, you just need to treat this place with an antiseptic. They can be dangerous only for people suffering from arachnophobia (fear of arachnids).

There are benefits from several individuals living in an apartment, because they destroy insects, which, as a rule, cause discomfort and pose a danger to people. Of course, if spiders are found on every corner, this creates a feeling of aesthetic rejection and unsanitary conditions in the house, so they should be removed.

How to get rid of spiders in the house?

In order to completely forget about the spiders in your apartment, you must use the following measures to combat spiders:

Create a clean living environment. Spiders are very afraid of cleanliness, so regular and thorough cleaning of the premises can bring out such tenants. Particular attention should be paid to the most secluded corners: the back walls of furniture, the bottom of the beds, the ceiling and walls.
Use special preparations from spiders: aerosols, crayons, gels, as well as ultrasonic. Such chemicals as Butox-50, Tarax, Neoron have proven themselves well.
Make repairs in the house. Spiders cannot stand the smell of wallpaper paste, paint and whitewash.
Use folk remedies, they are safer and proven over the years. The best-known remedy for spiders is crushed hazelnuts, chestnut and orange, which must be spread in all corners of the house. The smell of these fruits is unbearable for spiders.
Limit the access of spiders to your apartment: cover all cracks and cracks around windows and doors, check window screens, walls, sewers for holes, and eliminate them.
It is necessary to call the appropriate specialists, if they are unable to cope with the invasion of spiders.

It must be remembered that the most effective method of destruction is complex.

Causes of spiders in the house

Spiders are very voracious animals. None of them will choose their place of residence where there is no food for them.

Therefore, before taking out such tenants, it is necessary to figure out where the spiders come from:

There are a lot of insects in your apartment: midges, cockroaches, ants, flies, mosquitoes.
Accessibility to the entrance. Through open windows, small cracks, flowers brought from the street, not only spiders themselves, but also insects, which these eight-legged people love so much, can get into your house.
Warm temperature in the house. In autumn, spiders from the street look for a warmer place to live.
Favorable humidity level.

Spider signs

Since ancient times, it has been believed that spiders have the ability to bring good or bad news. Almost every action performed by a spider, or the events in which a person met with him, have their own explanations in folk signs.

Spider notes:

Spider on the street. If you meet a spider in the morning, failure awaits you, in the evening - good news. Caught in a web - expect trouble.
Spider in the house. We saw a spider in your house - a good omen, it will help you get rid of bad thoughts and avoid quarrels. If the spider runs on the table or floor, this is a move.
Where does it move. Creeps towards you - to profit, creeps away from you - to loss.
How it moves. If the spider descended on the web from the ceiling - expect an unexpected guest. A spider crawling up notifies you of good news. If a spider has landed on a person’s head, a gift should be expected, on the hand - for money.
Spiders and weather. If the spider folds its cobweb - to rain, hook the web with its face - to clear weather. If you see a spider weaving a web, then the weather will change.

Bad omens about spiders:

Crushing a spider is a deprivation of luck and health, which is why you can’t kill spiders.
If the spider descends the wall - to an imminent loss.
If the newlyweds met a spider - unfortunately in marriage.
If a girl saw a web over the door - to the betrayal of her partner.
The web near the icons - to the bad news.

If the meeting with the spider still upset you, you should not be offended by it, since it is just a messenger of upcoming events.

Conclusion

There is a variety of types of spiders, but we can only meet a few of them in everyday life.

Spiders feed on insects, so if they are wound up in your home or garden, do not despair, as they can save you from annoying ants, bugs, mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches. In addition, these arthropods may bring you some news.