Support for young talents. Support for gifted children: find and provide. Program to popularize the achievements of national musical culture

Identification and support of young talents in the field of culture and art is a grant direction introduced in 2018 by decision of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin.

The direction involves the implementation of large-scale projects: creative competitions and festivals, implying the search for and support of Russian young talents in the field of culture and art.

The competition project in this direction consists of two equivalent parts. This is a mechanism for identifying young talents and a description of their further support.

Key features of the direction

Who can participate in this competition?

Non-profit organizations with successful experience in implementing such large-scale projects or with serious partners who have such experience. At the same time, participants of the competition with their own significant experience have an advantage.

What should be included in a competition proposal?

First of all, information about the two main components of the project: the mechanism for identifying young talents and the form of their further support.

How else does a project for the “competition of competitions” differ from projects submitted in other twelve areas?

Geographic coverage. The project should provide for the selection of talents on a national scale or at least several regions.
Team. To the project team or competition jury should include well-known Russian figures of culture and art. Their participation in the project must be confirmed in writing (scans of letters are uploaded to the application).
Experience. The applicant or partner organization must have at least five years of experience in implementing similar projects.
Beneficiaries. The target audience of the projects are children and young people with exceptional creative abilities. The minimum age of possible project participants is 6 years, the maximum is 35 years (with justification why support is required at this age for the development of talent). We can talk not only about individuals, but also about creative teams.
Regranting. This is the only direction in which regranting is directly allowed, that is, the opportunity to issue grants, bonuses, scholarships to young talents at the expense of the received grant, buy tools for them, pay for education, travel, and accommodation. The size of such payments should be clearly specified in the project, as well as the conditions for their award.
Co-financing. If an organization has been successfully recruiting young talent for several years, the project cannot be focused only on doing the same thing, but for extra money. The project must show in detail the own contribution to the project and the direction of spending the grant.

If the application does not contain specifics, for example, a description of the conditions and procedures for identifying and supporting talents, the names of cultural representatives participating in the project, or there are no letters confirming such participation, the application will not be admitted to an independent examination.

If the application does not disclose the applicant's experience, does not detail the budget, or defines a small scale of activities, most likely the application will receive low scores on the results of the examination.

What if a non-profit organization is successful in helping talented children in their city or town, but does not plan to expand the scope of their work?

Nothing prevents such an organization from presenting a project in the direction of "support for projects in the field of culture and art." Here she will be more likely to receive a grant, since this is one of the twelve areas for which special requirements are not established.

Filing an application

In order to apply for participation in the competition for the grant direction "Identification and support of young talents in the field of culture and art", you need to familiarize yourself with the following documents in detail:

regulations on the competition for grants from the President of the Russian Federation for the development of civil society;

a presentation that outlines the features of applying and filling out a questionnaire for the grant direction "identifying and supporting young talents in the field of culture and art";

instructions for filling out an application for participation in the competition for grants from the President of the Russian Federation for the development of civil society.

What do you need to do to apply?

Register on the website.
Log in to your personal account and go to the "MY PROJECTS" tab.
Click on the "CREATE APPLICATION" button located on the right under the menu bar.
Proceed to fill out the application form.
In paragraph "1. Grant direction "select from the proposed list or line "Identification and support of young talents in the field of culture and art", or "Identification and support of young talents in the field of culture and art is a long-term project".

Please note that the grant direction for identifying and supporting talented children and youth involves the implementation of projects both with a standard implementation period and long-term (up to 3 years). When choosing a long-term project, it is necessary to justify the impossibility of implementing the project in a shorter period. For more details on long-term projects, see Chapter VI of the regulation on the competition for grants from the President of the Russian Federation for the development of civil society.

The meeting was extremely representative, in a similar composition experts in the field of education gather infrequently. And although the audience was dominated by the rectors - Viktor Sadovnichiy, Mikhail Strikhanov, Nikolai Kudryavtsev, Vitaly Rubtsov, Anatoly Alexandrov, Yaroslav Kuzminov and others, there were also State Duma deputies (Alexander Degtyarev, Oleg Smolin, Irina Rodnina), and leaders of public organizations. The Ministry of Education and Science was represented by Deputy Minister Igor Remorenko, who oversees school education and youth policy.

At the very beginning of the meeting, Olga Golodets recalled that last spring a set of measures was adopted to implement the Concept of a nationwide system for identifying and developing young talents, but many of the tasks set have not yet been resolved - for example, requirements for pre-professional education programs in the field of arts have not been developed. However, at the meeting of the National Coordinating Council, emphasis was placed on other issues: what needs to be done nationwide to identify gifted children, including how to improve the system of intellectual competitions for schoolchildren and students.

Are children from wealthy families the most gifted?

The results of the first all-Russian study of citizens' attitudes towards talents were presented at the meeting - on the initiative of the Higher School of Economics, the field work was carried out by the Public Opinion Foundation. The results, according to the managing director of the fund, Elena Petrenko, were surprising even for sociologists.

Among the main conclusions - the end of the myth of "equalizing consciousness". When asked whether you agree that only a few, the most talented people develop culture, 56% of respondents answered in the affirmative. “This means that society has emerged from the Soviet overcoat, we have practically parted with equalizing values,” Elena Petrenko believes. “Our consciousness is not egalitarian.” And 36% of respondents agree that economic growth (and ultimately the well-being of each of us) is determined by the contribution of 3-5% of talented and energetic people.

The next section of the survey is who should pay for the development of the abilities of gifted children, and to what extent parental co-payments are necessary. Less than a third of respondents in the “population” sample and a quarter in the “parents” sample are sure that the family, not the state, should be involved in the development of a child’s talents. The importance of the role of the state in the development of talents is mentioned by 67% in the "population" sample and 73% in the "parents" sample. However, parents can take on maximum responsibility: 75% of respondents are ready to give up important life benefits for the sake of developing the child's talent.

When asked if you are ready to pay for additional education that develops your child’s abilities, 33% of the most wealthy part of the population (the top of the five quintiles) answer “yes, we are already paying”, the same answer is given by 37% of the slightly less well-to-do part (the second quintile) . According to HSE Rector Yaroslav Kuzminov, this is an important indicator: representatives of the first quintile pay less than representatives of the second. That is, social benefits go to the owners of high incomes - children of very wealthy parents get into the free sector of talent support to a greater extent.

Another subject that was considered in the framework of the study was which school one should study in order to develop giftedness. Most of the respondents speak of the need to expand the capabilities of general education schools, less than a third - about developing a network of specialized schools and ensuring a transparent system of selection in them. There is a contradiction: the majority wants their children to study in a regular school, but they are skeptical about its ability to develop giftedness. And, as Elena Petrenko noted, the respondents' answers reflect the current practice. The higher the income level of respondents, the more often they say that special schools are needed for gifted children.

However, when asked about how children are enrolled in such schools, most of the respondents answer that one can get there not only due to abilities, but also for a fee, through an acquaintance. In the top quintile, 14% say that special schools are selected primarily on the basis of ability, which means that children from such families really learn. The wealthier the family, the more often children study in lyceums and gymnasiums - and vice versa: the lower the level of family income, the less often the child ends up there.

Universities and Olympiads

Yaroslav Kuzminov and Rector of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov Viktor Sadovnichy.

Yaroslav Kuzminov spoke about the sphere of responsibility of universities in the search for and cultivation of talents in the scientific and professional fields (sports and art were left out of the discussion). There are several problems here: the school is focused on the development of the general education program and does not stimulate the acquisition of additional knowledge, olympiads are held only in school subjects, and children do not have the opportunity to try on professional roles. From a third to a half of students, even strong ones, come to the faculties of psychology, sociology or soil science by chance - they did not study the corresponding subjects at school.

Universities are interested in strong students, and this interest will be stimulated by competition for the state task in terms of quality of admission, which is being introduced by the Ministry of Education and Science this year. The new law "On Education in the Russian Federation" for the first time allowed universities to engage in general education - to open their own lyceums and lyceum classes. However, the system of work with schoolchildren in specific universities is more focused on preparing applicants for themselves (mainly on paid preparatory courses) than on finding talented students. And for effective work with gifted children, universities have neither the base, nor the skills, nor the incentives, nor the resources. “We should try to change this model of university behavior,” the rector of the HSE believes.

The work of universities with gifted students is the selection of “ready-made” talents and the “cultivation” of talents, and the main form of this work today is the Olympiads. However, there are problems in the Olympiad movement: society doubts the objectivity of holding Olympiads (regular appeals to the Public Chamber testify to this), but at the same time, it itself seeks to use the Olympiads as a way of out-of-competition admission to a university. This needs to be countered by other actions, ensuring the interest in participation in the Olympiads, starting from the elementary grades.

What are the directions of development of the Olympiad movement?

It is necessary to improve the system of Olympiads: to strengthen control, ensure transparency, develop uniform rules that would not hamper the initiative. It is necessary to expand the practice of project competitions in applied areas - analogues of the all-Russian competition "Step into the Future", which is organized by the Moscow State Technical University named after N.E. Bauman (MGTU). Project competitions can also be held in other areas - agriculture, social work, management. In the same way, Olympiads can be held in pre-profile subjects - from philosophy to medicine (today only engineering, economics and law are represented), and the "experience" of new Olympiads and competitions, which allows winners to receive benefits when entering universities, should be reduced to one of the year.

The coverage of schoolchildren by Olympiad competitions should be much larger - to attract young children, with disabilities, from low-income families, and remote areas. The most obvious way is to introduce quotas for different categories of children, involving the public chambers of the regions in control over their use. As for the All-Russian Olympiad for schoolchildren, leading universities could participate in its holding - today a number of areas of the All-Russian School are not organized very well: for example, children who did not participate in the school stage sometimes get to the regional stage. Public and methodological control by universities would help to solve many problems.

As for the Olympiads held by the Russian Council of School Olympiads, over the past three years, the proportion of participants from non-graduation classes has tripled. It is necessary to further increase this share, also increasing the number of students from different regions. One of the radical proposals is to publish on the Internet the work of all the winners of the Olympiads: despite the fact that this information can be considered personal, a person, based on it, claims to be a state-funded place in a university and, therefore, is unlikely to object to its disclosure.

In 2014, the practices of financing and methodological control of the lyceum and lyceum classes at the capital's universities will be developed. The Moscow government will transfer the standard per student to universities, and universities will bear the rest of the expenses themselves. Moscow State University, the Higher School of Economics and the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (PFUR) will participate in the experiment, and this will be an attempt to create an alternative to elite schools. It is important that the lyceums at leading universities remain free of charge, that there are allocated quotas for children from low-income families and families with a low level of parental education. Thus, social mixing will be carried out - a function that education performs in society.

"Avoid competitive individualism"

Viktor Sadovnichy, in turn, made a report on university competitions and other intellectual competitions. However, according to his own assessment, this task turned out to be more difficult, because there is actually no system for accompanying talented people in universities, and now we are at the origins of its formation. We need a trajectory to support talents, starting from school and ending with work, and to create it, “system integration of the school, university and employer” is needed. There are examples of public organizations participating in the support of talents, such as the Russkiy Mir Foundation or the Russian Geographical Society.

There are various forms of work with gifted students - a science festival (400,000 young people participated in the last one), olympiads, Universiades, scientific conferences, summer and winter schools, and others, universities have a limitless field for work here. However, students' motivation to participate in such activities fades by the fifth year, because they think about work. Although, for example, in international student programming competitions, our teams constantly win prizes. There are many other examples, but they cannot be considered systemic work. There is not even grant support for the participation of young people in the Olympiads - everything is limited to diplomas and one-time awards. “We conducted a study of successful practices of intra-university support for gifted youth. The picture does not please me,” Viktor Sadovnichy said.

During the discussion of the reports, various points of view and proposals were expressed.

Thus, Anatoly Alexandrov, rector of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University, said that if the Olympiads cause criticism, then only among people who did not participate in them and cannot participate due to their limited intellectual abilities. Thanks to the “Step into the Future” competition, it is possible to find children with a special mindset, and then they need to be accompanied, developed individual development maps for them, and sent to practice at the best universities in Russia and abroad.

Chairman of the Committee on Education of the State Duma Alexander Degtyarev proposed to discuss the problem of competitive selection in the senior classes of schools. In higher education, a group of leading universities has been singled out, why is it impossible to single out elite schools in general education? The law gives the school the right to create lyceum, gymnasium classes, but the issue of selection for these classes is not stipulated, and this is not the prerogative of the law, but the normative acts of the educational authorities. And if enrollment in the first grade, of course, should be carried out on a general basis, then in grades 10-11 it is quite possible to select by competition, that is, "rank children according to the degree of giftedness." And such classes will definitely become suppliers of applicants to the leading universities of the country.

Oleg Smolin, First Deputy Chairman of the Education Committee, focused on the fact that in the pursuit of achievements, children often become victims of the so-called “competitive individualism”, when “a person experiences joy from his own success associated with the defeat of another”. The deputy believes that social solidarity for the development of talent and creativity is no less important than a person’s desire for achievements: “I would venture to say that the experience of the USSR, Japan, South Korea, Finland shows that the general high level of education of the population is no less, and maybe even , is even more important for the modernization of the country than individual outstanding achievements. Of course, it is necessary to select talented people and create good conditions for them, but within the framework of this strategy, it is necessary to achieve equality of opportunity - in particular, by allocating quotas for participation in Olympiads or studying in free gymnasiums at leading universities. Oleg Smolin suggested extending the best practices of working with gifted children to the maximum number of schools - for example, dedicating one of the next meetings of the Coordinating Council to the achievements of creative pedagogy, inviting such well-known innovative teachers as Yamburg or Shchetinin.

Oleg Smolin was supported by the rector of the Moscow City Psychological and Pedagogical University Vitaly Rubtsov, who also proposed to disseminate the experience of the best teachers and schools: “Our teachers do not know how to work with gifted children, they do not know how to create conditions for them. Technologies and methods of working with giftedness in Russia are poorly developed. And Yaroslav Kuzminov agreed that a program was needed to overcome the “disease of competitive individualism and loneliness”: “This is very important, and I am pleased that my traditional opponent Oleg Smolin and I think the same way. I would go further and suggest specific tools and activities - not only to disseminate the experience of creative pedagogy, but also other steps: for example, to legitimize competitions for teams and collective projects, which are now denied by the entire regulatory system for encouraging and evaluating results, competitions for social projects, development of school self-government . Young people do not have the skills to coordinate, solve problems for others or in favor of others - let's think about this too, this fits into the framework of our talent identification activities. We need the talents of not only engineers, but also social organizers.”

“We need to fundamentally change the education system”

The results of the meeting were summed up by Olga Golodets, who said that in order to identify talents and giftedness in children, we need to fundamentally change the education system. Some types of giftedness "we just miss, we don't see them." The Deputy Prime Minister said that she had recently traveled to Finland with a large delegation - "I thought we had a big gap, but I didn't think it was that big." To ensure the quality of life of their nation, people have a different attitude to the education system, do not hesitate to take a three-year home economics course or a music course in high school, when playing in a vocal and instrumental ensemble is a compulsory discipline. After all, if a person has never played a musical instrument, if his mother did not bring him, we do not know whether he is talented or not. Therefore, a child, studying at school, should try his hand at a good level in music, and in sports, and in many other ways, and then say that he likes this or that.

It is clear that children can be talented in something, but talents sometimes combine in unexpected ways. Steve Jobs was not only a talented engineer, but also a designer. However, if a person has the talent of an engineer and he studies at the appropriate school, then he will not be able to show his design abilities - and vice versa. But it is a unique combination of talents that can give a creative surge. In such cases, it is necessary not only not to interfere with the development of various talents, but also to be able to single out abilities that the child may not be aware of in himself.

Olga Golodets suggested moving from words to deeds in resolving the issue of geographic and social accessibility - in particular, this year to instruct the federal ministries, which are the founders of universities, to ensure accessibility for talented children from the outback. Each institution must show that it has made every effort to gather children from all regions of Russia: that representatives of these institutions went to the regions, looked at the children, saw the best and invited them. The Deputy Prime Minister believes that universities have the resources to organize such work.

Another conclusion is the need to organize the interaction of employers with talented students, as Viktor Sadovnichy spoke about. There are examples of employers trying to involve students in their research and development. It is necessary to create a database of such interaction, identify employers who provide systematic support to talented students, and include the events they hold in the area of attention of the National Coordinating Council.

Boris Startsev, especially for the news service of the HSE portal

Photo by Nikita Benzoruk

Also among the priority tasks of the state youth policy at the present stage is the improvement of the system of encouragement and motivation of talented youth, which is a strategic resource for the development of the country.

The formation of this system was positively influenced by the measures implemented at the federal and regional levels. First of all - the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 06, 2006 No. No. 325 "On measures of state support for talented youth."

In accordance with the Decree, 5,350 young talents are annually identified in all regions of Russia. Of these, 1,250 people. (winners of All-Russian Olympiads, winners and prize-winners of international Olympiads and other events held on a competitive basis) receive bonuses in the amount of 60 thousand rubles. and 4,100 young people (winners of regional and interregional olympiads, prize-winners of all-Russian olympiads and other events held on a competitive basis) - in the amount of 30 thousand rubles.

In 2015, another form of support for talented youth will be developed: from September 1, for 5 thousand school graduates who have demonstrated the highest level of training, a special academic scholarship is introduced for the entire period of study at universities in the amount of 20 thousand rubles.

Regional competitions aimed at identifying and supporting talented youth are held in 78 regions of Russia. The total number of competitions is 634.

The largest number of them is noted in the Tomsk region (44), Tambov region (43), Moscow region (40), Kaliningrad region (37), Chelyabinsk region (31). In total, more than 200 thousand young people participated in the regional stages. The number of winners in 2014 increased by 25% compared to 2012.

Among the interregional competitions to identify and support talented youth, the following can be noted: competitions of projects and programs to support talented youth, festivals of creativity, KVN games, photo contests, contests and festivals of pop songs, festivals of contemporary art, exhibitions of creative works.

In accordance with the data of a monitoring study on young people participating in competitions, festivals, olympiads and other events of an interregional, all-Russian and international scale to identify and support talented youth, in 2014 compared to 2012, the number of participants increased by 10%.

Various competitions in the system of vocational education are also aimed at identifying and supporting talented youth.

Thus, more than 2 thousand students from 71 constituent entities of the Russian Federation of all federal districts took part in the All-Russian Olympiads of professional skills.

It should be noted that there is a steady trend in the formation of a support system for talented and enterprising youth at the regional level. Support measures have a positive resonance and contribute to increasing the interest of young people in scientific, research activities in the country.

In the 2013/14 academic year, over 7.4 million students took part in all stages of the All-Russian Olympiad, including 1.77 million students in the municipal, regional and federal stages, which is 25% more than a year earlier.

In 8 international Olympiads in general education subjects, Russian schoolchildren won 19 gold, 16 silver and 3 bronze medals. For the first time in the history of international olympiads, Russia took the 1st team place in terms of the number of medals at the international chemistry olympiad. Also, for the first time in 2014, all members of the national geography team won international awards. In the team competitions in mathematics, computer science, physics, astronomy, the combined teams of schoolchildren of the Russian Federation entered the top five strongest teams in the world.

It should be emphasized that the stimulating factor for young people was the creation in most subjects of the Russian Federation, in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated July 30, 2008 No. 1144 "On the Prize of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of science and innovation for young scientists", councils of young scientists and specialists (hereinafter - SMUS).

CYSS is a permanent collegiate, advisory body under the head of the highest executive body of state power of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation and is a youth meeting of representatives of scientific and educational institutions located on the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

The Council performs expert and advisory functions in matters of youth policy and the scientific and educational sphere, staffing, development of an innovative economy, and represents the interests of young scientists and specialists. Currently, within the framework of supporting innovations and scientific and technical creativity (according to monitoring data), about 2.0 thousand student scientific societies operate in the regions, which employ about 200.0 thousand people.

In Russia, a system of communication platforms has been created, the purpose of which is to summarize the experience and develop the skills and competencies of young people - the system of youth forums. In 2014, more than two thirds of the regions of the Russian Federation held their own youth forums in the main areas of state youth policy.

In pursuance of the order of the President of the Russian Federation dated August 20, 2012 No. Pr-2218, youth forums are held in all federal districts under the auspices of authorized representatives. Federal youth forums Seliger and Territory of Meanings hosted about 16,000 young activists in 2014. In total, about 50 thousand people took part in the forum campaign.

Youth employment.

The complication of the position of young people in the labor market is primarily due to the global financial crisis and recession, which in one way or another affected all countries in the world. According to the report of the International Labor Organization (hereinafter referred to as the ILO) “Global Employment Trends in 2014”, in 2013 there were about 202 million unemployed people worldwide, of which about 74.5 million people were unemployed. were young people under the age of 25. The youth unemployment rate was twice the world unemployment rate at over 13%.

According to the ILO report "World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends 2015", the number of unemployed is expected to increase by 3 million people in 2015, and by another 8 million people. in the next four years. The global youth unemployment rate is expected to increase to 13.1% in 2015 and then remain unchanged until 2018. The largest increase in youth unemployment in 2015 will be in East Asia and the Middle East, with further increases expected over the coming years.

United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon called youth unemployment an “epidemic” of today and “one of the main problems of our time”: “In both poor and rich countries, youth unemployment rates are significantly higher than those of adults. And of course, being unemployed is just the tip of the iceberg. Many receive meager salaries and thus cannot count on social protection in the informal economy. Others find that their education prevents them from finding work in today's job market."

In this situation, most of the activities within the framework of national youth policies in most countries of the world are related to youth employment.

And even more: the employment of young people in a number of countries has acquired the status of a national priority. This seems logical: the level of crime and migration among working youth is close to zero, working youth are ready to create a family and offspring, continue their education, and are loyal to the authorities.

There is no doubt that the main responsibility for expanding youth employment lies with the state. Financing of youth employment within the framework of youth policy is almost completely financed from state budgets, but there are also programs financed jointly by the state and private capital, international organizations (World Bank, ILO, UN) and other donor organizations. The implementation of educational programs, programs for the development of entrepreneurship in developing countries significantly depend on the resources of international partners and non-governmental organizations.

Thus, in 2011, the European Commission launched the Opportunities for Youth initiative, asking governments and social partners to make efforts to combat early dropouts from school and to help young people acquire the necessary professional qualifications, skills and work experience, as well as also looking for a first job.

Linked to this initiative is the EU Employment Package, adopted in April 2012, which complements the employment priorities. This includes a range of policy targets: a 75 percent employment rate for workers aged 20-64 by 2020; an early dropout rate below 10%; at least 40% of young people with higher education.

The aim of the project "Your First Job" is to support the labor mobility of young people within the framework of the common European labor market, namely, to promote the employment (work, internship or apprenticeship) of young people in the EU Member States. The project started in 2012. The result of the project should be the employment of 5 thousand citizens.

In 2012, the European Commission formed a proposal to expand the Youth Employment Package. It included, inter alia, an invitation to Member States to adopt the Youth Guarantee, which was done in 2013.

The essence of the initiative is for Member States to ensure that all young people under the age of 25 receive a quality job offer, education, apprenticeship or internship within four months of graduation or last job. The International Labor Organization has estimated the cost of creating youth guarantees in Europe at 21 billion euros per year. At the same time, the economic damage from unemployment of 7.5 million young people was estimated at more than 150 billion euros, taking into account payments to these young people of benefits and other long-term costs of unemployment.

The €6 billion Youth Employment Initiative was launched by the European Council in 2013. Its goal is to help member states improve their national policies to combat youth unemployment in countries where it exceeds 25%. And pay special attention to young people who do not study and do not work. Funding for the initiative is planned from the EU budget in the amount of 3 billion euros under the heading of youth employment and another 3 billion euros from the European Social Fund. Additional funds may be contributed by countries. The initiative will support and accelerate the Youth Employment Package and the Youth Guarantee.

National plans for the implementation of the Youth Guarantee initiative were submitted by 18 EU Member States. The national plans define the role of state authorities and other responsible organizations, funding and monitoring mechanisms, and the timing of the implementation of activities. For example, in France, in 2006, the Law “On Equal Opportunities” was adopted, which obliged companies of all forms of ownership to annually hire in proportion to the number of staff employees under the age of 25, even if the latter had no work experience in their specialty.

The Youth Guarantee Initiative is complemented by three other EU initiatives: the European Internship Alliance, the Quality Standards for Internships and the Public Employment Network.

The European Internship Alliance initiative aims to improve the quality of internships and introduce the apprenticeship system across Europe. In 2014, 19 European countries, about 30 organizations and 15 companies took part in this initiative.

The Quality Standards for Internships initiative, adopted in 2014, aims to ensure high quality training during internships and fair working conditions for interns.

Thus, according to the European Confederation of Trade Unions, currently 59% of trainees are not paid wages, and 38% of trainees do not have an internship contract with an employer. Various youth organizations have also criticized the weakness and non-binding nature of the EU initiative.

The Public Employment Network initiative, one of the youngest, was launched in September 2014 by decision of the European Council and the European Parliament. One of its tasks is to share knowledge and successful experience in implementing the Youth Guarantee initiative. Participation in the Network is not mandatory for European countries.

The Erasmus European Exchange Program for Young Entrepreneurs gives aspiring entrepreneurs the opportunity to learn from established and experienced entrepreneurs around the world. On the program from 2009 to 2013. attended by 5 thousand entrepreneurs.

Of all start-ups in the EU, about 87% were founded by entrepreneurs who took part in the Erasmus program. Funding for the program will continue, and by 2020 it is planned to provide at least 10,000 exchanges for young entrepreneurs.

The analysis showed that the coordination of programs and plans for youth employment in countries can be carried out using various organizational models with the participation of the Ministry of Employment and/or Labour, the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Youth Affairs.

Thus, the main principle of China's youth policy is a work ethic, which is based on the involvement of young people in economic and labor activities. A special role here is assigned to the participation of students in labor camps specially created for the period of summer holidays.

Among the measures taken by the PRC leadership to stimulate youth employment, the following should be noted: expanding employment channels, including encouraging and attracting university graduates to work in rural organizations; creation of their own business by university graduates (for the implementation of low-profit projects, it is possible to obtain a loan of up to 100,000 yuan); university graduates who have started small businesses are exempted from paying administrative fees for three years; establishing links between universities and enterprises (government order).

As a result of such a policy in the PRC, despite the consequences of the global financial crisis, the overall level of employment of graduates six months after graduating from higher educational institutions in the country is about 90.2%,

In most countries, the most popular interventions in youth employability programs are: skills training (particularly vocational training and apprenticeship systems) and comprehensive programs (work-study reconciliation, work experience and other support activities), wage subsidies , community service, vocational guidance and employment, entrepreneurship training.

The main problem in the development and implementation of such measures is the assessment of their socio-economic effectiveness for the labor market, specific beneficiaries of programs (young people), and the state.

Most of the programs have been implemented in developed and middle-income countries, with only a small proportion in developing regions such as Africa.

Measures to support youth depend on the level of income of countries. OECD countries tend to have a diversified portfolio of programs and integrated curricula are popular among them, while middle-income countries are mainly focused on building and improving education and training systems.

The goals of the programs depend significantly on the level of economic development of countries. In developing countries, there are more programs to help young people from low-income families, as they have relatively high unemployment rates and are often at risk. In Latin America, where youth are most economically disadvantaged, comprehensive programs such as the Youth Program and targeted educational programs funded by local governments, international organizations and the private sector have been supported and funded by the government.

Programs in countries with economies in transition target unemployed youth with low levels of education or out of school. About two-thirds of all programs in these countries focus on high school graduates and students who have completed their studies or will soon complete their studies.

Most of these programs focus on skills training and wage subsidies. Data on programs for young women, young people with disabilities, and youth from ethnic or minority groups are scarce.

In Russia, youth unemployment also exceeds the average unemployment rate of the population. According to the results of surveys of the population on employment issues "Employment and Unemployment in the Russian Federation in February 2015" of Rosstat, the average unemployment rate among young people under the age of 24 in February 2015 was 15.8%, including among the urban population - 15 .0%, among the rural population - 18.0%.

The coefficient of exceeding the unemployment rate among young people on average in the age group of 15–24 years compared with the unemployment rate of the population aged 30–49 years is 3.3 times, including among the urban population - 3.8 times, the rural population - 2, 4 times.

In general, the economically active population aged 15–72 years (employed + unemployed) in February 2015 amounted to 75.8 million people, or 52% of the total population of the country. The number of economically active population is 71.4 million people. classified as employed in economic activities and 4.4 million people. – as unemployed using the ILO criteria (that is, they did not have a job or gainful occupation, they were looking for a job and were ready to start it in the surveyed week).

Comparative sociological studies conducted by the Department of Sociology of Youth of the Institute of Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, RAS show that, in general, work is still a significant factor in the personal self-determination of the majority of young people. A significant part of young people associate their current and future life with him. At the same time, every fourth person has a different, non-work related orientation. Among them, approximately one in seven young people would definitely not start working if they were financially secure. This group has been steadily reproducing over the past decade.

Data analysis also shows that, firstly, the opportunities for integrating young people into the world of work and the formation of the labor potential of different groups of young people often develop spontaneously and chaotically, under the influence of random factors; secondly, the factor of socio-professional advancement is involvement in informal and corporate relations. All this distorts the labor mobility of young people and introduces uncertainty into the conditions of their social and professional development. This is especially acute in the current conditions of the implementation of the import substitution program and further modernization of the economy. The solution of these problems requires not only the active involvement of young people in the labor process, but also new knowledge, qualifications, the ability to solve problems of growing complexity, and the formation of modern work ethics in young people.

A distinctive feature of youth labor motivation is its instrumentalization. In relation to work and profession, the majority of young people are dominated by pragmatic values. A strong connection between work and earnings has formed in the minds of the majority (three-quarters) of Russian youth (59.6% of young people aged 18–24 and 65% of those aged 25–29).

The profession is also perceived instrumentally. The feeling of usefulness, that is, the social significance of work, is inherent in a little more than a quarter of young people. Even fewer (12.1%) see the meaning of work in the realization of the internal need to work, as well as in the realization of creative potential (9.2%). For everyone else, a profession is a tool for achieving material well-being.

At the age of 25-29 years, only a third of young people associate the expectation of an interesting job, their usefulness and the development of professional qualities with work. And only 12.1% of young people see work as a way to realize their entrepreneurial potential.

The vast majority of young people declare their refusal to realize their interest in entrepreneurial activity through work. This indicates the imperfection of the existing market relations in Russia.

The labor potential of young people is determined by the coincidence of their expectations in the sphere of work with the possibilities of meeting them. The basic indicators of opportunities are the following: finding a job, improving skills, promotion, protection of labor rights. Comparative analysis over the past 12 years indicates in general a significant increase in the listed opportunities.

At the same time, nominally only half of the youth rate them above average. And the possibility of creating or expanding your own business is even less and amounts to 26.1%. This means that for half of the youth, opportunities have not become a reality. Existing more in a declarative form, they do not activate interest in work, undermining the labor potential of young people. As a result, the labor sphere is giving way to more efficient non-labor mechanisms.

One of the forms of temporary youth employment is work in student teams.

The Ministry of Education and Science of Russia interacts with the All-Russian Youth Public Organization "Russian Student Teams" (hereinafter - IOOO "RSO"), which brings together more than 240 thousand participants from 72 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, working in 6 main areas of activity: construction, pedagogical, agricultural, service , profile, as well as detachments of conductors.

In the summer semester of 2014, representatives of student groups took part in the construction of the Plesetsk and Vostochny cosmodromes; residential microdistrict "Academic" (Yekaterinburg); facilities of the nuclear industry (Leningrad NPP, Rostov NPP, Novovoronezh NPP-2); improvement of the Cenomanian-Aptian deposits of the Bovanenskovskoye oil and gas condensate field in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District.

Also, within the framework of cooperation with JSC Federal Passenger Company, 7,800 students were employed in 10 branches of the company - representatives of student teams of conductors. One of the priority projects in 2014 was the formation of specialized energy student teams of JSC Russian Grids; a detachment with a total number of 1,500 students from 76 specialized professional educational organizations and educational institutions of higher education was formed.

In 2014, work was continued on the preparation of volunteers for work at the XXII Olympic Winter Games and the XI Paralympic Winter Games 2014 in Sochi (hereinafter referred to as the Games). To train volunteers, 26 volunteer centers were created on the basis of educational institutions of higher education, which trained 25,000 volunteers for the Games.

In 2014, the Federal Agency for Youth Affairs collected and summarized more than 900 practices and projects that promote the professional self-determination of young people, implemented in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, together with the International Association for Corporate Education (hereinafter referred to as IAKO), held the 1st All-Russian competition of the best practices of employers in working with children, youth and personnel reserve (hereinafter referred to as the Competition), aimed at creating a positive image of industries and professions, educating a new generation of citizens with the necessary professional and social competencies, the formation of innovative methods of interaction between public authorities, organizations and public associations in the field of supporting children and youth. 49 companies operating on the territory of the Russian Federation became participants in the Competition.

Based on a qualitative analysis of measures (activities) and a quantitative analysis by country and youth employment programs, the following main conclusions can be drawn, namely:

1. Education and training is the dominant measure (activity) in youth employment programs.

2. Programs for the integration of young people into the labor market in the developing world target young people with low income or poorly educated.

3. Information about youth employment activities is better covered in the industrialized countries of the world.

4. In general, the degree of socio-economic effectiveness of measures (activities) to ensure youth employment is assessed as weak, while these measures are more successful in developing countries and in countries with economies in transition than in industrialized countries.

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GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

RESOLUTION

About the National Coordinating Council for the Support of Young Talents of Russia

Repealed from November 21, 2018 on the basis of
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 10, 2018 N 1341
____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________
Document as amended by:
(Official Internet portal of legal information www.pravo.gov.ru, 07/03/2017, N 0001201707030011).
____________________________________________________________________

Government of the Russian Federation

decides:

1. Establish a National Coordinating Council to support young talents in Russia.

2. Approve the attached Regulations on the National Coordinating Council for the Support of Young Talents in Russia.

Prime Minister
Russian Federation
D.Medvedev

APPROVED
Government Decree
Russian Federation
dated September 10, 2012 N 897

1. The National Coordinating Council for the Support of Young Talents of Russia (hereinafter referred to as the Council) was formed to ensure coordinated actions of federal executive authorities and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation aimed at implementing a nationwide system for identifying and developing young talents.

2. The Council in its activities is guided by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws, federal laws, decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation, decrees and orders of the Government of the Russian Federation, as well as these Regulations.

3. The main tasks of the Council are:

a) coordination of the implementation of the Concept of a nationwide system for identifying and developing young talents, approved by the President of the Russian Federation on April 3, 2012 No. Pr-827;

b) development of proposals for integrating the mechanisms for searching for and supporting gifted children and youth into a national system for identifying and developing young talents;

c) identification, support and dissemination of the best practices of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of the implementation of regional and municipal programs for working with gifted children and youth;

d) preparation of expert opinions, proposals and recommendations on creating conditions that ensure the development and realization of the abilities of children and youth in order to achieve outstanding results in their chosen field of professional activity.
(Subparagraph as amended, put into effect on July 11, 2017 by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 24, 2017 N 741.

4. The Council, in carrying out its activities, has the right to:

a) invite representatives of federal state authorities, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local governments, representatives of scientific, educational and public organizations, mass media to its meetings;

b) create, on issues within its competence, working and expert groups from among representatives of federal state authorities, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, representatives of scientific, educational and public organizations, scientists and specialists, and also approve their composition;

c) request, in accordance with the established procedure, from federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local governments information materials on issues within the competence of the Council;

d) consider the initiatives of citizens of the Russian Federation and public organizations aimed at the effective implementation of the Concept specified in subparagraph "a" of paragraph 3 of these Regulations.

5. The Council consists of representatives of federal government bodies, honored figures of education, science, art, culture and sports.

The Chairman of the Council is the Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation. The Chairman of the Council has 2 deputies.

Deputy Chairmen of the Council shall perform (on behalf of the Chairman of the Council) the functions of the Chairman of the Council in his absence.

6. The composition of the Council is approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.

7. The Council carries out its activities in accordance with the work plan, which is adopted at a meeting of the Council and approved by its chairman. The procedure for the work of the Council is determined by its chairman or, on his behalf, by the deputy chairman of the Council.

The action plans of the working groups are approved by their leaders in accordance with the work plans of the Council.

8. The main form of activity of the Council is a meeting.

Meetings of the Council are held under the leadership of the Chairman of the Council or (on his instructions) the Deputy Chairman of the Council at least 2 times a year in accordance with the plan of his work, as well as by decision of the Chairman of the Council.

The meeting of the Council is considered competent if at least half of its members are present.

9. Members of the Council participate in its work personally. Delegation of authority is not allowed.

Members of the Council carry out their activities on a gratuitous basis.

10. The executive secretary of the Council informs the members of the Council about the place and time of the meeting of the Council and its agenda.

Members of the Council who have proposals on the agenda of the meeting of the Council, send them to the executive secretary no later than 5 days before the day of the meeting.

11. Decisions of the Council are taken by open vote. The decision is considered adopted if the majority of the members of the Council present at the meeting of the Council voted for it. In case of equality of votes, the decision for which the chairman of the meeting of the Council voted is considered adopted.

12. Decisions taken at a meeting of the Council are documented in a protocol signed by the chairperson of the meeting. Minutes at the meeting of the Council are kept by the executive secretary.

A copy of the minutes of the meeting of the Council shall be sent to the members of the Council and other interested persons no later than one month from the date of the meeting.

13. Organizational, technical and information support of the activities of the Council is carried out by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation.

Revision of the document, taking into account
changes and additions prepared
JSC "Kodeks"