Receptions and rules of shooting from a machine gun. Tricks of the machine gunner. The opinion of a special forces soldier: domestic firearms Pistol Self-loading Special PSS

Even with the advent of the first long muskets, it became clear that it was very inconvenient to carry a weapon in the hands of a weapon. And then weapon belts were invented - strips of leather, which in a special way were fixed on the musket and fixed its position. Much has changed since then - the belts have become different, made of durable polymer materials and more comfortable design.

This device helps to quickly bring a machine gun, machine gun or rifle to battle. It is worth noting that sometimes a delay of even half a second can be fatal. Take, for example, airsoft, where one moment sometimes decides the outcome of the game. Therefore, a well-tuned and correctly used belt becomes a good assistant to the player.

Sometimes you have to travel long distances. Anyone who has experienced this will confirm that it is much easier to carry a weapon on a belt. After all, it can be hung on the shoulder, over the shoulder or even behind the back. At the same time, the hands remain free and do not get tired.

Varieties

These systems have long become one of the parts of hunting and sports equipment, military uniforms. Straps are attached to the weapon in one, two or three places. In accordance with this, they are divided into three types, which - below.

OP - otherwise, single-point belts

Owners of weapons of small size (up to a meter long) prefer to buy this type of belt. This simple device can be in the form of a ribbon or a loop. There are also products, the shape of which is V-shaped and Y-shaped. For attachment to weapons, they are all equipped with one carbine.

The point of attachment is the neck of the stock or the rear side of the barrel box. Less commonly, the strap is attached close to the butt plate.

After all, the suspension is not very dense, so you should try to place the suspension point higher (on the neck of the butt).

By the way, with this arrangement, the shift between the suspension point and the belt also decreases when the weapon is thrown to the other shoulder.

The looped belt is closed by a ring. It is designed to be worn around the shoulder and neck. A straight strap is a piece of sling (sometimes rope) with a carabiner at the end. It is attached to the RPS, unloading or backpack strap. A 'V' shaped strap attaches to two shoulder straps and allows you to hang the weapon behind your back. The Y-shaped belt is similar to the previous one and is equipped with an additional piece of sling (with its help, the height of the suspension can be changed).

To improve the convenience of using belts, there are additional devices:

So that, if necessary, it was possible to instantly disconnect (reset) the weapon, a quick release system was invented. It is implemented simply - a special buckle with three teeth is placed, which snaps into place and disconnects at high speed. It is called fastex.
Shock absorber - elastic band in a braid or woven case.
The function of quick adjustment of the length of the main part of the belt.

The main disadvantage of a belt that is attached at one point is that the weapon has to be constantly monitored. Suppose the owner of the machine runs and automatically lowers it down. He immediately begins to "revenge" - beat on the legs and torso, get confused in the legs. Crouching, you can inadvertently lower the trunk, which will bury itself in the ground, clogged with debris. To avoid such incidents, use one of these methods:

On the right, where the weapon is worn (for left-handers, respectively, on the left), a collar is attached to the belt or on clothes in the abdomen with Velcro.
In the same place, a guy (weapon catcher) is fixed. So you can instantly attach the weapon to the front swivel.
Hunters often use the "belt holster" method. A low butt pocket made of hard material is attached to the belt. To simplify the design, the pocket can be replaced with a metal hook.

DR - otherwise, point-to-point

This is the oldest type of tactical belts. For example, the classic canvas belt for a Kalashnikov assault rifle is exactly two-point. It is hooked on two swivels.

Alas, with such a device, the weapon cannot be immediately transferred to the combat position. More or less quickly, you can open fire only if the machine gun or rifle hangs on one shoulder. But walking for such a long time is very tiring. So point-to-point models are gradually going out of use. But not always. For example, it is inconvenient for left-handers to use the one-point option, and the three-point option closes important controls or the window where empty shells are thrown.

Two-point harnesses have two carabiners that attach to the weapon. The front suspension of the PP is made higher on the left, but not very far ahead. Classic - fastening the rear suspension to the swivel located on the butt. This is convenient when the weapon is worn on one shoulder. Recently, however, many have begun to wear two-point harnesses over the shoulder. In this case, it is better to place the rear suspension high, near the butt plate (so that the machine does not turn over).

Additional features and elements:

Shoulder strap (hard or with soft padding) can be either removable or part of the belt. It often covers knots and loose ends.
Quick release is carried out by a fastex located near the rear carabiner.
Quick adjustment of the length of the belt is made at its front end and are designed for adjustment with one hand.
The ability to convert to a single point belt can be done in several ways: by inserting a half ring, a ring, a double slot buckle.

TR - otherwise, three-point

This type of tactical belts is the most popular. Still - they are deprived of all the shortcomings of previous models and are suitable for all types of weapons. Such a belt is not only tightly fixed during the transition through the terrain, but also allows you to instantly open fire. In this case, the weapon can be easily moved to the other shoulder. And from such a belt in a jiffy, one-point or two-point is obtained.

It is very comfortable to use three-point models with a long rifle, especially if you have to go with it for a long time.

However, the guide sling does not allow the use of three-point harnesses with some types of weapons. For example, owners of pump-action shotguns cannot use them, since it is inconvenient to distort the forend with them due to the presence of a sling. The sling also interferes with left-handed people.

A feature of these models is the presence of a third attachment point for the belt to the weapon. Its position may vary (relative to the front and rear swivel):

It can be rigidly fixed with a fastex in front - then when the fastex is opened, it will reset to the rear position.
Or this point is slightly fixed in the middle, in the most convenient place. It can be changed.

As for additional elements and devices, this type of belts usually lacks them - it is already convenient. The only thing that is available on almost all models is the quick reset function.

They are used to protect fingers from possible pinching by mechanisms, as well as from the appearance of corns. Among other things, they are able to provide the most reliable and comfortable grip.

The principle of operation of an airsoft smoke grenade, composition, design and application can be found. An overview of all types of airsoft grenades.

Tactical belts Duty - Russian invention

Vladimir Kharlampov, who is one of the founders of Tactical Solutions, has developed a reliable system for carrying weapons. He named his three-point tactical belt "Duty". Note that both models of our review (Debt M2 and Debt M3) are patented.

Debt M2

This belt is used in conjunction with machine guns and semi-automatic smoothbore weapons. It is fundamentally different from the classic three-point belts - because it does not have a sling. Instead, there are two parts: a pull-up band and a main girth, connected in a ring and enclosing the shooter's body. It has a three-slot buckle - a pull-up tape passes through it, attached to the front swivel. The end of the ribbon protruding from the buckle serves to move the suspension point.

A detailed video review of the capabilities and installation of the tactical weapon belt Duty M2 from the creator himself:

There are two positions for carrying weapons: under the arm and on the chest. The belt sits like a glove, and the weapon does not move anywhere. That's just the tape from the buckle hanging down, which does not look very aesthetically pleasing. And some users complain that it clings to branches and other objects. And one more thing: the loop of the main girth is made of two parts connected by a fastex (for quick release). This detail, coupled with several double-slit buckles, is behind and does not allow you to wear a belt behind your back - it is inconvenient.

However, these shortcomings are not so significant. But this system gives the owner of the weapon complete freedom and comfort, and the speed of all actions is simply impressive. However, there is an even more "advanced" model from the same manufacturer.

Debt M3

This is the same three-point belt, only improved. All the advantages of the previous model remained, but the developer decided to eliminate the shortcomings. Judging by the reviews, he did well. The scope of the M3 Debt model is very extensive. It can be worn with smoothbore and pump-action weapons, submachine guns, machine guns, grenade launchers, machine guns.

The video shows the use of the tactical belt Duty M3 on different types of weapons:

Features of the Debt M3 model and its differences from the Debt M2 model:

Slightly changing the design of the main belt part, V. Kharlampov made his product universal. Now it can easily be converted into an adjustable two-point or biathlon (worn on the back) harness.
A soft wide shoulder strap appeared, which can be quickly removed and put on.
The number of double-slotted buckles has been significantly reduced.
The standard set includes a low-noise lining, as well as a “Riga” carbine.

This review describes the practice of using and applying belts for a Kalashnikov assault rifle during their intensive use.

Introduction:

Developed back in Soviet times, the Instructions on Shooting do not fully take into account the requirements and convenience for a soldier to use a belt for a machine gun.

Standard practice for using a belt according to NSD:

To be honest, I don’t understand such a retention of the machine gun when crawling along the bellies. When crawling, it is best to throw the machine gun on a belt behind your back or hold it in your hands, and crawling like a plastun in this way is very wrong because it leaves a lot of traces) but this is already a lyric) Again, the machine gun is in this position (I'm still talking about figure 55 ) is rather unstable and traumatic - shine a fly in your eye, and even successfully push the butt with your knee, and complete happiness. "Instructions" and "Statutes" in the RF Armed Forces, unfortunately, are written by officers with a high level of staff culture, but who do not have sufficient practical experience. To write such instructions, you need not sit in the office, but wander around the garrisons and go from platoon commander to battalion commander. Then the practical component, safety precautions, and combat realities will be taken into account. Otherwise, the Instructions become the same abstraction as the concepts of "ideal liquid" or "ideal gas" in physics.

VC. (resource expert, GRU special forces veteran):
In this position, with a long burst, the machine gun tends to lift the barrel, which is dangerous for the surrounding comrades leading the battle, he himself almost became a victim of such a handsome man.

VC. (resource expert, GRU special forces veteran):
Incorrect holding of the machine by the magazine - in the heat of battle, the magazine can be unfastened by accident. And the machine is not at all stable in this position.

VC. (resource expert, GRU special forces veteran):
From this position, the Remba current in films and the natives of the Caucasus, who usually shoot into the white light like a pretty penny, effectively shoot.

Using an AK without a strap:

ak (vrazvedka.ru)
Not comfortable without it. Without a belt, the weapon is simply constantly in the hands, and not on the neck, on the shoulder, behind the back. Thus, a weapon without a belt is in constant readiness to open fire when moving. This is the basis of the practice of carrying weapons without a belt. As far as I know, this practice takes place in the British SAS and some other special forces. Personally, I think that this is still an inflection! There are a number of cases (unexpected fall from a slope, blowing up, crossing rivers, carrying a wounded man, climbing / descending a rope, working with a short barrel, throwing a grenade) when a weapon without a belt will be thrown, dropped, laid down or even lost. For example, somehow two of us flew down a hill along a steep slope, so the VSSnik, even with a belt hanging around his neck, managed to lose a rifle falling, they looked for it then climbing this slope for more than an hour, lowering the rope. But it was on a combat mission. No, I would not remove the belt from my weapon for anything, in my opinion, holding a weapon in my hands is just a matter of self-discipline and training.
Djuric (vrazvedka.ru, veteran of the Bosnian war in Yugoslavia, veteran of the RDO "White Wolves")
Guys, I'll just give my reasons why I mostly wore AKs without a belt. In Bosnia, in the mountains, there is a very dense bush, just a jungle. You have to wade through them, and the belts have a bad habit of clinging to the branches, don't they, mountain ones? And you don’t walk much along the paths, mines! In our detachment, only two were left without legs because of them. Ak correctly wrote that by constantly carrying AK in your hands, you get used to it as if it were your own. Yes, and automatic, so to speak, is always at hand! In constant combat readiness! But I didn’t throw away the belt either, when it was necessary, then I wore it.

Use in existing realities:

Transferring the attachment of the rear swivel to the opposite side (by the type of attachment of the swivel on AK 100 series, AK74M and AKS74 assault rifles) on assault rifles with a wooden butt:

Using only the rear sling swivel:

Using the "neck" of the AK butt instead of the rear swivel for attaching a belt:

The position of the AK strap in the position behind the head can be used in different ways:

Rest on the belt...

"Work" AK (the belt is strongly lowered):

Or work with your hand, keeping the position of the machine and in readiness to open fire:

So that the sagging belt does not interfere with the machine gun in hand, it will be pulled down to be fixed on the butt:

And so that the metal parts of the carbine do not "rattle" on the swivel of the machine gun, the carbine is wrapped with tape / electrical tape / plaster:

There is a practice of using the so-called. "three-point" belts:

Members of illegal armed gangs on the territory of the Chechen Republic were great originals and went the furthest ... Fastening the AK belt to the gas outlet pipe (for the entire unit) ...:

The use of a clip for attaching a butt instead of a rear swivel when attaching a belt did not help members of illegal armed gangs on the territory of the Chechen Republic to operate effectively, which is illustrated by:

The use of the machine gun, and the belt for it as spacers, as the basis for shelter during the "daylight" at combat exits (photo 668 OOSN (422 RGSPn) 1988 Afghanistan):

You need to know how to use the machine. The most common fault is the inability to carry weapons. Incorrect wearing does not allow you to quickly make a machine gun for battle, in case of acute situations. In combat, even fractions of a second matter.

You need to know how to use the machine. The most common fault is the inability to carry weapons. Incorrect wearing does not allow you to quickly make a machine gun for battle, in case of acute situations. In combat, even fractions of a second matter. In the Chechen campaign, more than once or twice there were cases when soldiers, and even officers with standard weapons, were not ready for sudden encounters with the enemy. They simply did not have time to use their weapons.

Meanwhile, there are several good ways to carry regular weapons, although not spelled out in general military regulations. The main thing that unites them is that the weapon is located conveniently, while the hands remain free. And these methods allow you to quickly make a machine gun for battle and open fire on the enemy.

The first way: wearing a machine gun on the chest. The belt is thrown over the neck, the machine hangs with the barrel down. This position of the machine does not interfere with hand-to-hand combat, it makes it possible to strike both with legs and with hands. It allows you to grab, fall and roll. Naturally, weapons can be quickly made for battle. In addition, the machine gun can block the blows of the enemy and inflict strong blows with the butt. The gun belt of the machine gun is released strongly so that the butt is slightly below the right shoulder. In the cinema, this method is shown in the film "In the Zone of Special Attention" during the march of the paratroopers.

The second way. Wearing a machine gun on the left shoulder. An old partisan and hunting way of carrying weapons. But in order for the machine to not slip, it is necessary to properly fit the weapon belt. With this method, weapons are quickly made for battle, but in hand-to-hand combat, this position of the machine gun is only a hindrance. The machine will have to be thrown off the shoulder to the ground.

The third way. When carrying out guard and guard duty. Sooner or later, the partisans will still take control of the territory or join the regular army. We will have to fulfill the duties that are now being performed by military personnel and policemen at checkpoints, checkpoints, and traffic police posts. And the nature of the service at these facilities is specific. Being at the post for a long time, and hands should be free - to check documents, give signals, search people, check cars. Weapons must be carried in such a way that they can be quickly used, and at the same time, testees must not be able to block them. You can often see how the guards of the traffic police (during the events under the plans "Siren", "Interception", etc.) carry a machine gun on their right side. But from this position, the machine gun cannot be thrown up to the shoulder and aimed shooting - the fire is fired from the waist and aimlessly. Well, there is nothing to say about winter conditions. In a sheepskin coat, a sentry wears a machine gun or a weight on the side, no difference.

For a more convenient location of the machine, you need to unhook the strap from the receiver swivel and hook its carbine on the butt swivel, forming a loop. This loop adjusts to fit and is worn over the shoulder and back. The machine gun with a retracted butt is located under the right shoulder and is easily raised with one hand. When checking, it is better to put the left foot forward half a step, turning the body with the left side forward so that the machine gun is the most distant from the tested, and they cannot grab it.

Shooting.

The technical rate of fire of the AK-74 is very high. A thirty-round magazine is fired in one burst in just three seconds, a 45-round magazine in four and a half, respectively. Therefore, experienced shooters in battle put the fuse on a single fire and shoot with frequent shots, refining the aiming after each shot. However, such shooting requires endurance and composure. At the same time, the rate of fire will remain quite high, and the accuracy becomes much higher compared to firing in bursts. The disadvantage of firing in long bursts can be illustrated by this example.

January 1995 City Grozniy. The 81st motorized rifle regiment was partially surrounded. The soldiers took up defense in the station building. Chechen fighters, who were shelling the station, ran up to the building and jumped into the window openings. Having fired inside the building, standing on the windowsill, one burst of the store, they jumped back to the street, changed the store and again, jumping out the window, fired inside the building without much harm to the defenders. Our soldiers fired intensely at these "devils out of the box", but also without much success.

However, in some situations, firing in long bursts is more preferable. When several armed opponents appear in front of the scout at close range, single shots will not help. You need to shoot in long bursts. So, one of our reconnaissance groups conducted a search in the area of the village of Chechen-Aul. One of the fighters of the advanced reconnaissance patrol unexpectedly went from the rear to the trench, in which there were 4 militants. The fighters of the scout have not yet seen, but at any moment they could turn around. The scout crossed out the trench with a burst, releasing the entire store and hit all the militants. In such cases, there is no time for aiming. But you can roughly aim at the barrel of the machine gun, and not at the front sight and rear sight. The AK-74 assault rifle leads to the right and up when firing in bursts. Therefore, it is advisable to start shelling from the nearest left target.

When conducting combat operations in populated areas, in mountainous and wooded areas, the probability of meeting the enemy at close range is always high. In this case, the fighter may need to retreat to the main group or to the shelter, and there is no one to cover him at this moment. Running backwards, firing at the enemy, is inconvenient, and there is no shooting accuracy.

And if the target appears at ultra-short distances (one or two steps)? For example, if a sentinel or patrolman met closely with one militant? Hand-to-hand combat skills or a knife can help here. And if there is one enemy in front of you and his hands have already grabbed your machine gun, and behind him in one or two steps there are 2 - 3 more militants? For such cases, it is necessary to have an auxiliary melee weapon (pistol).

If a shooter armed with a machine gun also has a pistol, he can quickly switch to using it. You just need to carry a gun so that it is not conspicuous. Two examples from cases that occurred in the Republic of Tajikistan.

In the first case, at night, the officer, accompanied by one soldier, returned to the stronghold after checking the posts. Both were armed with machine guns (the officer's machine gun hung on his chest, the soldier's on his shoulder). The officer, in addition, had a pistol with a cartridge sent into the barrel, on a fuse, which he put on the right side under the "belt A" (in the army this belt is also called a bib or bra).

Already when approaching the strong point, two Islamist militants armed with machine guns came out towards our servicemen. One militant stood in front of the officer and started a conversation on the topic: "Where are you coming from, why did you go?" The second shifted to the side and ended up on the side. At that time, the soldier also shifted to the side, as if hiding behind an officer and preparing his machine gun for battle. A militant, who was standing aside, took off his machine gun from the safety lock (there was a characteristic click), and another militant rushed to the officer and tried to grab his machine gun. The officer fired at him directly through the breastplate, with a second shot (almost simultaneously with his soldier, who also opened fire), he hit another militant, who was just raising his machine gun to his shoulder.

On the second occasion, two commando officers entered a small shop. They were armed with pistols, which hung openly on their belts, in holsters. While the officers were examining the counter, seven militants entered the store, one of them with a machine gun. One militant ordered us to put our hands up. An attempt to get a weapon in such an arrangement could not go unnoticed and was immediately stopped by automatic bursts over their heads. The militants disarmed the officers, disabled one with a blow to the head with a rifle butt, and, jumping out of the store, left in their cars. In the first case, the concealed carrying of weapons helped to destroy the enemy. In the second case, open carrying provoked criminals to seize weapons and did not allow the successful use of pistols,

Quite often, in hot spots, you can see "cool" fighters whose machine gun is equipped with magazines connected in pairs. This way of wearing stores should be warned against. When shooting, the fighters often rest the machine shop on the ground. At the same time, the lower magazine feeder becomes clogged with dirt, and this causes delays in firing. In a combat situation, such a delay can be paid with your life.

Everyone who has ever fired a military weapon is familiar with the command "UNLOAD, WEAPON FOR INSPECTION!" And how to unload weapons if, say, a reconnaissance group went to the location of its troops after completing the task? The scouts did not sleep or eat for several days, their fingers were swollen and did not bend, they were frostbite. And there is no way to line up in one line, to direct weapons in a safe direction, because there are people and equipment around.

In this case, the so-called combat discharge is applied. Scouts stand in a circle (to control each other). Machine guns are raised with their trunks up so that the shutters are at eye level. The store is detached and placed in the pouch, and the soldiers twitch the shutter 5 times in a row. If someone forgets to disconnect the magazine, it will be immediately noticeable, because the shutter will start throwing out cartridges, and they will fall into one of the neighbors. If an accidental shot occurs in this position, then the bullet will go vertically upwards without causing harm. After such a check, each fighter makes an independent control descent and puts the weapon on the safety. The magazine is not connected to the weapon, because in a combat situation a habit is quickly developed by connecting the magazine and immediately sending the cartridge into the chamber.

In addition to having one or two magazines with tracer cartridges, the commander should have one, it is desirable that each fighter also have one such magazine. This is a store designed as a last resort, to indicate its location or for target designation.

The magazine mount at Kalashnikov is inconvenient for quick reloading. It is impossible to detach an empty magazine while holding a new loaded one in the same hand. Therefore, in a tense fight, do not expect the store to be completely empty. If the magazine is partially empty and there is a pause in the battle, change the magazine, and the partially used one should be left in reserve. In order not to waste time on jerking the shutter when loading, when starting to equip the magazine, insert the first three tracer cartridges. Then, when you shoot and notice that the tracer bullet has passed, you will know that there are only two rounds left. You can shoot again and, having disconnected the empty magazine, replace it with a full one. Since the last cartridge has already been sent to the chamber, it is not necessary to distort the shutter. An empty magazine is usually thrown to the ground in battle so that it does not interfere and so as not to be confused with full magazines. If necessary, an empty magazine can be thrown at the enemy, simulating a grenade throw to cover reloading. In hand-to-hand combat, you can also throw an empty magazine, aiming at the opponent's face. With a little practice, you can learn to throw the store so that it hits the enemy’s forehead or temple with its prong. If the throw is strong, then the hit can incapacitate the enemy.

It is desirable to divide the personnel of the unit not into pairs, but into combat troikas, adding one more person to the calculations of machine guns, RPGs, AGS. It is easier for three fighters to interact: if one gets wounded, it is easier to pull him out of the fire together. If someone has a delay in shooting (due to a malfunction or when reloading), the two of them are easier to cover. (In this case, the signal "Cover" is given, the cover must answer "I hold").

During the fighting in Grozny, it was often necessary to inspect the attic, basement and other premises. Often it was necessary to work in the dark. Domestic night devices, operating on the principle of enhancing the natural illumination of the area, are not suitable for indoor operation. During the Great Patriotic War, Soviet soldiers used this method. An ordinary electric lantern was packaged in a piece of rubber cut from a car tire. When inspecting dark rooms or during a battle in a basement, sewer network, tunnel, etc., the fighters turned on these "shockproof" lights and threw them in the direction of the alleged location of the enemy. Thus, they illuminated the target and got the opportunity to conduct aimed fire.

But on the other hand, immediately after turning on the eyepiece of these devices, it begins to give a greenish light reflection, giving out an arrow to observers and enemy snipers. Therefore, turning on the device or taking your eyes off the eyepiece, immediately cover the eyepiece with your palm or make a special shutter for this.

These devices are easily illuminated by open light sources. There was a case when, near the village of Komsomolskoye in Chechnya, a reconnaissance group monitored a fire, near which militants were sitting. The scouts watched for a long time with night devices, but they could not see that behind the fire there was a whole stronghold with fortifications, firing points, significant forces and firepower. The firelight illuminated the instrument screens, interfering with observation. As a result, the group, having opened fire, came under return fire from superior enemy forces.

There are little tricks when firing from the GP-25 underbarrel grenade launcher. Pressing the trigger of the GP-25 with your right hand is inconvenient, it is too far away. To make it more convenient to shoot from the "grenade launcher", not the butt, but the pistol grip of the machine gun should rest against the shoulder. This position of the weapon is especially convenient when shooting prone. When firing with mounted fire, the butt of the machine gun should rest against the ground. In this case, the assistant should insert the grenades into the barrel of the GP-25, and the shooter fixes the position of the machine gun, remembers it and, depending on where the flash from the previous shot was, by changing the slope of the barrel, makes adjustments to the shooting. (While fighting in the city, do not forget that the grenade for the GP-25 is cocked 10-20 meters after the shot. When shooting at the windows of buildings at a shorter distance, the grenades may not explode).

When moving on the battlefield or at the shooting range, shooters usually hold the machine gun at stomach level, pointing the muzzle forward. In order to get ready for shooting faster and not waste time throwing the machine gun to your shoulder, you should move around without lifting the butt from your shoulder, while lowering the barrel a little. From this position, the shooter is quickly prepared for combat and aimed shooting.

Of course, you can also fire from the stomach, but then you can hit the target with the first shots only at very short ranges (5 - 10 meters). Good shooters, specially trained in shooting from the stomach, can hit the growth target with the first shots at a distance of 20 - 50 meters. If the target is located farther, then it can be hit from the stomach only by a significant number of shots (5 - 10), and then only if the fire is adjusted along the tracks or splashes of the soil.

Rules for interaction in combat.

In battle, one should act in combat twos, even better and more reliably - in threes, covering each other. Whenever possible, hand and underbarrel grenades should be used more. The fire of all available fire weapons should be concentrated on any center of resistance. If you have three opponents running at full height and only one lying behind cover and shooting, then first of all you need to destroy the one who shoots, without being tempted by a lighter and larger target.

In the event of a sudden attack by the enemy, one should fall behind the nearest shelter, at the same time preparing for battle. Experience shows that fighters do not do this. Some begin to shoot, remaining in place and being a good target for the enemy. Others fall behind cover, forgetting to remove the machine gun from their shoulders, and then start fiddling, trying to get a weapon that is in an uncomfortable position, and being unable to fire. There are those who fall into a state of tremor (fright, severe trembling, lack of response to the situation and commands).

Therefore, soldiers should be taught in such a way that, having fallen under massive fire, they are not lost. Endurance and the right actions can save a life in any, even the most hopeless, at first glance, situation.

Thus, a special-purpose reconnaissance group under the command of Captain Gennady O. advanced at night to the area in which it was planned to ambush the caravan of Afghan Mujahideen. Ahead at a short distance was a reconnaissance patrol (2 people), followed at some distance by a group with a commander at the head. Moving along the route, the group reached the top of a small mountain. The reconnaissance patrol examined the summit and descended to the other side. Following the patrol, the commander of the group Gennady climbed to the top. And it was at this moment that a group of Mujahideen came out on another slope to the left of the group to the top of the same mountain. The sentinels walking in front of her, rising to the top, saw the figure of "Shuravi" against the background of the sky, fell and opened fire.

The distance between the dushmans and Gennady was about 10 meters. Gennady heard the noise and clicks of the fuses (the enemies had 7.62 mm AK). And a fraction of a second before the shots, he managed to drop his backpack, throw it in front of him, take cover behind him and make a machine gun. The "spirits" opened fire first. Bullets from 2 AKs pierced the backpack, mangled the machine gun and breastplate with magazines and flew into Gennady's chest. But even such an insignificant obstacle reduced the lethality of the bullets, and the wound was not fatal. The scouts who came to the rescue destroyed the shooting sentinels. And while the main group of dushmans approached the battlefield, the scouts went down the slope, breaking away from the enemy. At the same time, the wounded Gennady (later a lump of 4 deformed bullets was removed from his chest) ran for about a kilometer on his own, unbandaged, clutching the wound with his palm. So a good reaction and the right actions helped the officer survive under fire from two machine guns at close range.

Kalashnikov assault rifle you need to know how to use it. The most common fault is the inability to carry weapons. Incorrect wearing does not allow you to quickly make a machine gun for battle, in case of acute situations. In combat, even fractions of a second matter. In the Chechen campaign, more than once or twice there were cases when soldiers, and even officers with standard weapons, were not ready for sudden encounters with the enemy. They simply did not have time to use their weapons. Meanwhile, there are several good ways to carry regular weapons, although not spelled out in general military regulations. The main thing that unites them is that the weapon is located conveniently, while the hands remain free. And these methods allow you to quickly make a machine gun for battle and open fire on the enemy.

Shooting.

The basic rule in war is never to part with a weapon. As soon as you left the protected area - do not let go of your weapon, always keep it where it is easy to take it from, in order to always be ready for battle. Yes, and in a protected area, you should always have a weapon at hand. Rely on the sentry, but don't make a mistake yourself. In addition to having one or two magazines with tracer cartridges, the commander should have one, it is desirable that each fighter also have one such magazine. This is a store designed as a last resort, to indicate its location or for target designation.

A few words about the NSPU-1 and 2 night sights. It should be borne in mind that these devices do not start working immediately after switching on, in cold weather they need from 1 to 2 minutes to warm up. But on the other hand, immediately after turning on the eyepiece of these devices, it begins to give a greenish light reflection, giving out an arrow to observers and enemy snipers. Therefore, turning on the device or taking your eyes off the eyepiece, immediately cover the eyepiece with your palm or make a special shutter for this.

Rules for interaction in combat.

To hide from a hand grenade that has fallen nearby, you need to fall prone, head towards the grenade, cover your head (if there is no helmet) with your palms, open your mouth (so that the eardrums are not damaged by the blast wave). The first one who sees the grenade gives a signal: "Grenade on the right (left, front, rear)".
(To the question found in the comments: Why do you need to lie down to the grenade with your head, I explain.
The specifics of a grenade detonation implies the scattering of fragments along a curved trajectory, and closer to the grenade the fragments go up, and not parallel to the ground, and there is a chance that the head will fall into the dead zone and will not hurt it, but only stun it with a wave. + the bones of the skull are stronger than the soft tissues of the hips and back, it is better to take a tank contusion than to bleed through shrapnel into places ... hard to reach. The spread of fragments from the explosion of a hand grenade is from 50 to 200 meters according to the performance characteristics, according to personal experience, the danger zone is up to 50 meters.
Never try to drop or push a grenade, (your 50/50 chance of staying alive then comes down to 1/100, especially in field combat... most often in field or terrain combat, grenades are thrown from far away, so the fuse time the flying grenade will be running out.
Indoors, you need to take into account the enemy, if these are special forces, and not simple infantry, then specialists usually throw grenades with a minimum delay.
In the event of a sudden attack by the enemy, one should fall behind the nearest shelter, at the same time preparing for battle. Experience shows that fighters do not do this. Some begin to shoot, remaining in place and being a good target for the enemy. Others fall behind cover, forgetting to remove the machine gun from their shoulders, and then start fiddling, trying to get a weapon that is in an uncomfortable position, and being unable to fire. There are those who fall into a state of tremor (fright, severe trembling, lack of reaction to the situation and commands).

Shooting tactics

Nowadays, when in the monotony of everyday life our one-eyed friend TV will help with adrenaline doping, the influence of the TV screen on the stereotypes of people's consciousness and behavior is becoming more and more noticeable.

Almost every day you can switch channels to watch 2-3 action movies. Thus, by the age of 18 - 20, each young man acquires the "experience" of television fights, which in real life will lead to death in battle due to his own stupidity.

World War I statistics say that the consumption of cartridges for the 1st killed soldier amounted to 25,000 pieces. By the end of the 20th century, these figures had increased several times. What's the attack? Soldiers didn't know how to shoot? And this is only part of the truth of the battle ...

To teach a person to shoot, you need to spend 300-500 to 1500 rounds. But shooting at a shooting range or at a shooting range is not a fight, it is an imitation. Even a good shooter, having run several tens of meters, falling to the ground 2-3 times, hiding from the fire of a "probable enemy", will miss. After all, the breath is knocked down, the chest is trembling, the hands are trembling.

There are several ways to increase the accuracy of shooting:

Shoot only after exhalation, the more energetic the exhalation, the more stable the pause. This effect is especially noticeable after a run. Exhale only through the nose.

When shooting while standing, on the move: "watering" from the hip is possible, but not necessary. From 3 to 5 seconds of continuous fire and the store is empty.

Remember Arnold Schwarzenegger in The Last Action Hero? Only in the movies, the magazines don't run out of ammo. It is best to hold the machine gun at the shoulder, the pistol at arm's length. "Brother 2" - the invasion of the restaurant - a classic. The target itself hits the fly.

When shooting prone - you need emphasis. The famous MP-38 (for some reason we call it "Schmeisser", although Hugo Schmeisser has nothing to do with it in this case) had special influxes under the barrel to rest against the edge of the armor of the German armored personnel carrier Sd.kfz.251 - such a pretty coffin without a lid on tracks in the back and wheels in front.

AK can be held by the handguard, but not by the magazine. The store cannot be rested on the ground at all, the machine gun will definitely collapse when firing.

At the same time, it’s very good to put your hand under the belt of the machine gun, wrapping it around it like a liana at the front swivel. But to keep all the same only for the fore-end.

The course of the rifling in the bore to the right up. When firing from the right shoulder, the play of the hinges in the joints of the left hand holding the machine gun will always be more to the right than to the left. After all, the articular bag is stretched (we eventually get a dislocation), and it will stretch to the right.

Therefore, in the absence of a large target at a distance closer than 150-200 m - a truck packed full of soldiers, groups of 5-6 people at a distance of 0.5-0.7 m from each other closer than 50 m - shooting in long bursts is NOT EFFECTIVE.

If you run into a group of enemies nearby - shoot from left to right, pointing the machine gun at the barrel. When shooting in long bursts, you still won't see anything through the sight after the start of shooting.

A real case is known during the 1st Chechen campaign.

January 1995, motorized riflemen held the defense of the station in Grozny. The Chechens jumped onto the window sills of the broken windows of the station, with a fan from the stomach they shot the store in 3 seconds and, without killing anyone, jumped back into the street. Having changed the store, they jumped out the window and repeated their circus number with the same success, until the stock of equipped stores was completely used up.

It is easier and more reliable to hit the enemy with a series of single shots, correcting the shooting at splashes of the ground.

There is a right hand rule. It must be taken into account.

When shooting from a prone position, to change the place of cover, it is necessary to stand up while running, holding the machine gun in your right hand. The center of gravity shifted to the right, took a step to the right to level out. And they got shot. Knowing that you will move to the right of the main directrix of fire (from your side), an experienced enemy shifted the sight to the left (from his enemy side). And you yourself stumbled upon a bullet.

Shooting to the left of the obstacle behind which the enemy hid is the poke method. The enemy lay behind a tree, a stone. You do not break through this barrier. Move the sight to the left of this stone, you caught the beginning of movement, some movement - shoot. In 9 cases out of 10 you will get it.

It is only in the movies that the hero clamps the frame. In fact, the dynamic blow when injured is huge - it is impossible to resist. This was the reason for the appearance of the PM pistol in service. The excellent TT car honestly worked throughout the war, but the 7,62mm caliber inflicted more through wounds. Yes, and the size is too big, inconvenient when pulled out of the holster. And a 9mm blunt PM bullet at a distance of 10m knocks down a running enemy, and at a distance of 2-3m it throws him back 2m. Here is such an "expander" of space - just hit it.

The energy of an automatic bullet for an AK is 4-6 times higher than a pistol one.

You have to get in - the shock is guaranteed. Remember with what daring American movie heroes at the moment of combat contact devastate their stores, preventing the enemy from leaning out from behind cover? But we are not talking about the capture of the language. Let's compare the situation in the film with "The Moment of Truth" by V. Bogomolov. There, the "cleaner" Tamantsev fired in such a way that the distance from the flying bullet to the ear was minimal. At the whistle of a bullet after a shot from a short distance, a person reflexively shrinks, recoils, and clings to the ground. 1.5-2 seconds - 5-7 meters of gained distance. But you have to be able to do it. And how close the hero of Bruce Willis is to Tamantsev: he changed the tier of the battle, lying on the floor in the opening between the pedestals of the table, he fired a burst from his Heckler - he smashed the enemy's legs. He finished off with the second burst - anyway, with a broken bone, a person is not a fighter.

Again about the right hand. Aim, resting the machine gun with the butt on the right shoulder. Try to "shoot" the horizon line to the left and right of the central headmistress. To the left, everything turns out well, because we simply bend our left arm at the elbow, and, turning the body in the lumbar joints, we will fire at our left flank, and even part of our rear.

Also on the left, of course. (In this case, we represent shooting from a standing position). And when shelling the "right" sectors - the left hand is "not enough" to change the direction of fire. We must help with the corps, we must turn around, step over with our feet - otherwise we will not fire on our right flank (not to mention the rear).

And if not standing, but lying down ?! Here is the trouble, it will be.

Let's imagine a military clash of patrols in the forest. 2 on 2. saw each other, lay down behind the trees, fired a couple of bursts. Caliber small 5.45 mm - the tree will not be cut. Whoever got up first, he died.

crawl away? The right fighter of the “blues” gives a long line, not allowing the “greens” to lean out from behind the trees. The left fighter of the "blues", under the cover of this line, went to cover the right flank of the "greens". The "Greens" saw the threat, but try to turn the machine gun to the right when you are prone!

Firstly, it is necessary to turn around with the whole body, and the “blue” lying behind the tree is just waiting for this. Remember Bruce Willis!!!

Secondly, with a small distance from each other, only the "green" that lay on the right flank can stop this threat. The left-flank "green" will shoot to the right of itself over the head of its comrade. Too dangerous. Can be hooked.

Therefore, the right hand rule will always be against the latecomer.

Conclusion: it is necessary to train in joint actions.

A combat deuce is more effective than a single fighter not 2 times, but 10 times. If people are trained. If there is psychological stability.

It is achieved through exercise. Including on sports equipment, on an obstacle course, an assault strip, in a fight with fire. If you can overcome yourself, extinguish the “rapture in battle” so beloved by poets, then you will correctly assess the situation and take the right step. And training: calculation for typical situations, and then bring everything to automatism.

During the Patriotic War, our soldiers began to train in the offensive behind the fire shaft.

A classic: we thrash the enemy with artillery - he left the trenches for dugouts or lay down. We are not advancing - they will cut you with fragments of their shells. The artillery fell silent - we went on the attack, the enemy got out of hiding and met us with the fire of hand weapons. And if the artillery continues to fire, but the adversaries carry fire deep into the defense, then, following 200 m from shell explosions (the fragments do not take us, they do not reach), we reached the distance of a grenade throw to the enemy.

Hence the conclusion: in wars like the Chechen ones, dushmans will strive to get closer to the enemy closer than 200 m. This means that the main weapons are manual, automatic, grenade launcher, machine gun.

Again, there is a need for training and coordination of actions. At school, in physical education classes, they used to be taught to throw a grenade at a distance. But the standard fuse of the UZRGM is 3.5 - 4.2 seconds before the explosion. Throw a simulator at the target (tennis ball, a jar of condensed milk - the choice is great), and a friend will record the time with a stopwatch. Learn to throw accurately at a distance of 25 - 30 meters maximum. From a place, without a run, it is impossible to throw a grenade further. Someone may throw a blank away, but a combat grenade will explode in a section of 20 to 30m. so practice throwing a grenade using the bounce on the ground, practice for a grenade explosion in the air - very good for hitting the enemy in the window from above. Finally, grenades are pocket artillery. Organize your fire bar. Offensive grenades are practically safe further than 25 meters from the explosion. Such a technique must be carefully worked out, but it is worth it.

Finally, I want to give a case from life, told to me by an eyewitness.

During the war in Afghanistan, a platoon of our soldiers was ambushed at the exit from the village. The armored personnel carriers were set on fire and several people were wounded. Our retreated to the village. Drawn into a long street fenced with duvals (deaf clay fences), the soldiers carried the wounded on themselves. A large gang of 150-200 bayonets was advancing across the fields in dashes. Forces are unequal. It was necessary to gain a foothold somewhere and wait for help. Suddenly, a 14.5 mm DShK "spoke" from the window of a 2-storey building. The distance is just over 100m. yes, he will sew an armored personnel carrier at such a distance, not like a bulletproof vest.

Gotta lay down.

But in 2-3 minutes the gang will be here. You can’t jump over duvals in bulletproof vests, they are taller than human height. Yes, and again the wounded ...

The platoon commander made the only correct decision: the 1st squad with the wounded forward 20 meters running - march! 2nd and 3rd squad on machine gun fire!

So, in dashes, with concentrated fire, 10 machine guns, covering each other, approached the distance of a grenade throw and suppressed a machine gun.

When the gang broke into the street, they were met with fire from the same DShK, taking up all-round defense in this house. But no one was allowed to come close.

One of the grenade launchers (RPG-7) was wounded. They forgot about the other, but he himself did not show psychological stability in this battle.

Dushman had even less stability. The impact of bullets on the shield of the machine gun did not give him the opportunity to take the right sight.

Military business is work, very hard and thankless work. But without mastering this virgin land, you will perish.

The record was made based on the results and observations from classes during a business trip to the Belgorod region. First of all, for myself, so as not to forget.

"Want to play around with the AK a little?.. Not a problem, but for God's sake - be careful... and wear gloves."- The thought that was spinning in my head after one of the training sessions.

BELT:
Even a regular two-point belt can be operated normally and used effectively.
The first thing to do immediately is to dissolve the belt to the maximum length. It would be nice if the carabiner on the belt was not very rigid, so that it could be detached from the front swivel with bare hands without mats and groans. This allows you to quickly move the belt from a two-point position to a one-point position and vice versa.
Definitely correct, or rather, there is no convenient way to wear a belt. Each has its pros and cons.

Two-point fastening, wearing around the neck:
+ The weight of the assault rifle is more evenly transferred to the body, especially if you move the belt a little further on the scruff and shoulders.
+ Allows you to quickly move the machine to the "behind your back" position, which frees your hands as much as possible, the machine does not dangle in the working area. It just takes a little ingenuity.
- With some methods of recharging, the belt gets in the way, because. runs along the receiver.
- Hanging on the chest makes it difficult to access the equipment, when it is placed on the chest.
- Still, it takes more time to free your hands for any manipulations - once you release the machine, it will hang right in front of your nose and interfere.
= This way of wearing is most convenient for long patrols and moving in open areas, in natural landscapes. The main thing is to at least hold the machine all the time, and when jumping, press it to yourself with your hand (if you need to swing the second one), otherwise the receiver cover will boldly kiss your chin and teeth.

Single point attachment, shoulder strap:
+ The machine weighs compactly along the body, without interfering with any actions while standing.
+ The belt does not interfere with any manipulations with the machine gun and equipment, because located in the butt area.
+ You can quickly free your hands - just let go of the machine and be sure that it will not encroach on the integrity of your face during a sudden movement.
- The entire weight of the machine falls on one shoulder, which starts to whine after a couple of hours.
- AK-74 is not the shortest assault rifle, so even with an average height of 180 cm, the barrel strives to collect all the rubbish that grows from the ground and rolls on it.
- It is almost impossible to throw the machine gun behind your back in order to free up a working space for yourself - you bend down and it hangs down in front of your nose.
= The best option if the main position of the body is standing, if there are buildings around and there is little room for maneuver, if you need to quickly free your hands for any action (for a short time).

The worst thing that can come to mind is to wear a machine gun with a deflated belt hanging from two swivels. It will interfere with any manipulations with weapons, it will cling to vegetation and, in general, to everything that surrounds you. Of course, you can pull the belt on the butt and just carry the machine gun in your hands, but then you need to be ready to catch it from the bushes or ditch when you stumble on something at full speed and sprawl on the ground, or when you land from a hovering in a couple of meters above the ground, the helicopter will go a little off plan. The belt allows you to control the weapon and keep it always on you.

MANUFACTURING:
By and large, it doesn’t matter how to hold the machine gun - by the forearm or by the magazine. The second is more convenient for me, although it probably depends on the length of the arms. The advantage of this option is that during any manipulations with the store there is no need to move the left hand from the forearm to the store and back - the hand rests on it all the time anyway. Less body movements - it's easier to build muscle memory. But there is a caveat: when using an underbarrel grenade launcher with a machine gun, the center of gravity of the entire system shifts strongly forward and the grip on the magazine becomes uncomfortable - the front part becomes very inert. In this case, it is worth holding either the barrel of the grenade launcher or its handle, using it as a kind of front tactical handle.

The "classic" stance that is taught in the VS, when you stand sideways to the target, does not fit well with modern SIBZ. When wearing body armor 6B23, it is very problematic to securely rest the butt of the machine gun on the shoulder, although some succeed and are even so comfortable for them. Perhaps it depends on the physique. As an option, they use a trick: the front part of the bulletproof vest collar is turned inward, it is slightly relaxed in the shoulders so that the collar is wider and the butt rests on the bare shoulder under the bulletproof vest, as if tucking the butt under the bulletproof vest. In my opinion, these are all perversions. My choice is the frontal stance, the main thing is to get a clear hit of the butt on the shoulder of the bulletproof vest during manufacture and everything falls into place.

BALANCE:
Standard AK-74M without add. equipment has a center of gravity somewhere directly in front of the store or in its area when the store is equipped. Despite the fact that this is, in fact, a full-size assault rifle, its dimensions do not interfere with its normal operation both in the forest and in buildings. Yes - not short, but maneuverable and has an adequate weight. Not AKS-74U, of course, but these are different "weight categories". It would be interesting to try the AK-105 carbine, but there is no possibility. When installing both the 1P29 day sight and the 1PN93 night sight, the balance shifts absolutely non-critically. I think that when light-weight collimator sights, such as Aimpoint Micro T-1 and the like, are installed on a gas tube, the situation will not change.

The most unpleasant thing begins when you install the GP-25 underbarrel grenade launcher on the machine. 1.5kg of steel on the barrel behind the forearm quickly brings the balance of an assault rifle closer to the balance of a single machine gun - the front of the machine gun becomes overweight. Maybe, of course, the hands are rather weak, but from a standing position, without emphasis, it becomes problematic to conduct aimed fire - the left hand gets tired quickly and the barrel starts to walk, so with the GP I got used to immediately being made for shooting from the knee. In this case, the hand on the grenade launcher rests with the elbow on the knee of the left leg and the "construction" turns out to be noticeably more stable.

ERGONOMICS:
Domestic weapons are generally not for the faint of heart, pregnant women and children, and its ergonomics are definitely not for the faint-hearted.

If you adhere to the idea that the right hand is always on the pistol grip, and all manipulations are done with the left, then you need to be ready to show all your "sleight of hand and no cheating." Fortunately, the location of the controls allows you to retract in this matter to the fullest.

Shutter cocking. Someone pulls on the bolt handle, passing his hand over the top of the machine over the receiver cover, someone from below - behind the magazine. The second option is more practical: firstly, there are fewer unnecessary hand movements, and secondly, which is no less important, the hand does not block the view, and with some skill this operation can be done without looking away from the direction of fire, thereby constantly observing the target.

Maybe, of course, I’m completely wrong, but if you need to always be ready to open fire from an AK, then the surest way is to send a cartridge into the chamber and not put the machine on the fuse at all. The question arises about security measures, especially if there are civilians around, and indeed - how to insure yourself against an accidental shot. The answer is simple: you need to be careful and use the contents of the head for its intended purpose. In general, one of the Delta Guy from the well-known film "Black Hawk Down" clearly showed how this can be achieved. Although someone will say that this is "not an option" and they will be right.

What is the problem?
Travis Haley in his video Pro Tip: Kalash Safety conveys the idea that even with the ergonomics of the AK, you can constantly operate the safety catch, keeping the machine gun ready to fire only immediately before the shot itself, which is undoubtedly a noble undertaking. But the AK wouldn't be an AK if it wasn't a Russian weapon. Your AK can be either a broken-down piece of steel that strives to sort itself out during shooting, or it can be tightly knocked down to such an extent that it will take considerable effort to remove it from the safety lock. Personally, I have the second option. Hayley deftly sets the safety to the "fire" position, but this technique may not work with every AK. What to do? Of course, you can remember, and it’s better not to forget, that the AK is a domestic model of weapons, and feel free to apply pliers and other plumbing tools to it and make it so that the translator himself will crawl away into a single fire, you just have to shake your machine gun, but I don’t fan of these methods. Better - tougher, my choice.

There are not many options left: either keep the machine gun off the safety, but without a cartridge in the chamber, or vice versa - send the cartridge and put the weapon on the safety. The first option is my choice. The bottom line is that cocking the bolt carrier is an order of magnitude easier and faster than switching the fuse through one position (do not forget that the AK-74M first fires automatically, and then a single one). It's hard to believe, but it's true - I checked it on purpose. I'm talking about the case when the fuse is tight, and this is not uncommon. Otherwise, the opposite is true.

If the situation is such that the machine is on the fuse and this is without options, then there is no point in keeping your right hand on the pistol grip. The hand should be slightly moved forward along the receiver, so that with the very first movement you can remove the weapon from the fuse, otherwise all subsequent manipulations (making, aiming, etc.) will be meaningless.

Regardless of anything and no matter what the circumstances - always wear gloves to class. Not necessarily some cool tactical ones - absolutely any, even inexpensive fleece ones from the nearest Splav store ... and even workers from the local market, will do. AK is replete with sharp edges and protrusions, so when developing skills "for speed", in order not to think about how not to chop your hands into small cabbage, it is extremely important to wear at least some kind of protective gloves. At one of the training sessions, I broke my left hand against the controls, so much so that it healed for another week, and during this time I could not train normally. The main thing is attentiveness and accuracy ... and gloves.

I made a short video during the course. All details in the description.

As far as possible, we need to work further in this direction, study and analyze.