Self-development 

Problematic questions on the poem by Anna Snegina. Poems by S.A. Yesenin "Anna Snegina" and "The Black Man" are two contrasting poetic reflections of the same era: ideological pathos, genre specificity, figurative system. Mother of Anna Snegina

Lesson topic:Analysis of Sergei Yesenin's poem "Anna Snegina".

The purpose of the lesson: to show that "Anna Snegina" is one of the outstanding works of Russian literature; teach analysis. works;

show the nationality of S.A. Yesenin's creativity.

Methodical methods: lecture with elements of conversation; analytical reading.

Let's take a look at everything we've seen

What happened, what happened in the country,

And forgive where we were bitterly offended

Through someone else's fault and ours.

During the classes.

I. Introduction by the teacher. Message about the topic and purpose of the lesson. (slides 2, 3)

II. DZ check. (test, slides 4, 5)

IV. Vocabulary work. (slide 6)

V. Introduction.

1. The word of the teacher.

The poem "Anna Snegina" was completed by Yesenin in January 1925. In this poem, all the main themes of Yesenin's lyrics are intertwined: homeland, love, "Russia is leaving" and "Soviet Russia". The poet himself defined his work as a lyric-epic poem. He considered it the best work of all written earlier.

2. Student's message.

The main part of the poem reproduces the events of 1917 on the Ryazan land. The fifth chapter contains a sketch of rural post-revolutionary Russia - the action in the poem ends in 1923. The poem is autobiographical, based on memories of youthful love. But the personal fate of the hero is comprehended in connection with the fate of the people. In the image of the hero - the poet Sergei - we guess Yesenin himself. The prototype of Anna is L.I. Kashina, who, however, did not leave Russia. In 1917, she gave her house in Konstantinov to the peasants, she herself lived in the estate on the White Yar on the Oka. Yesenin was there. In 1918 she moved to Moscow and worked as a typist. Yesenin met with her in Moscow. But the prototype and the artistic image are different things, and worse. the image is always richer.

3. The word of the teacher. (slides 7, 8, 9)

The events in the poem are given in sketches, and it is not the events themselves that are important to us, but the attitude of the author towards them. Yesenin's poem is both about time and about what remains unchanged at all times. The plot of the poem is the story of the unfulfilled fate of the heroes against the backdrop of a bloody and uncompromising class struggle. In the course of the analysis, we will follow how the leading motive of the poem develops, which is closely connected with the main themes: the theme of the condemnation of the war and the theme of the peasantry. Lyric epic poem. At the core lyrical plan of the poem lies the fate of the main characters - Anna Snegina and the Poet. At the core epic plan - the theme of the condemnation of the war and the theme of the peasantry.

VI. Analytical conversation.

Which character's speech opens the poem? What is he talking about? (The poem begins with the story of a driver who takes a hero returning from the war to his native places. From his words we learn the “sad news” about what is happening in the rear: the inhabitants of the once rich village of Radova are at enmity with their neighbors - poor and thieving Kriushans. This enmity led to a scandal and the murder of the headman and to the gradual ruin of Radov:

Since then we have been in trouble.

The reins rolled down from happiness.

Almost three years in a row

We have either a case or a fire.)

- What is common between the lyrical hero and the author? Can they be identified? (Although the lyrical hero bears the name Sergei Yesenin, he cannot be fully identified with the author. The hero, in the recent past a peasant in the village of Radova, and now a famous poet who deserted from Kerensky's army and has now returned to his native places, of course, has much in common with the author and, first of all, in the structure of thoughts, in moods, in relation to the events and people described.)

WAR THEME.

- What is your attitude to the war? (Military operations are not described; the horrors and absurdity, the inhumanity of war are shown through the attitude of the lyrical hero towards it. The word "deserter" usually causes dislike, it's almost a traitor) Why does the hero almost proudly say about himself: “I showed another courage - I was the first deserter in the country”?)

- Why does the hero arbitrarily return from the war?(To fight "for someone else's interest", to shoot at another person, at a "brother" - this is not heroism. Losing a human appearance: "The war has eaten away my whole soul" is not heroism. "They live quietly in the rear, and" scoundrels and parasites "drive people to the front to die - also not heroism. In this situation, what the lyrical hero did was really courage, he deserted. He returns from the war in the summer of 1917.)

STUDENT MESSAGE,

- One of the main themes of the poem is the condemnation of the imperialist and fratricidal civil war. It is bad in the village at this time:

We are restless now.

Everything blossomed with sweat.

Continuous peasant wars -

They fight village against village.

These peasant wars are symbolic. They are the prototype of a great fratricidal war, a national tragedy, from which, according to the miller's wife, "Raseya" almost "disappeared". The author himself condemns the war, who is not afraid to call himself "the country's first deserter." Refusal to participate in the bloody massacre is not a pose, but a deep, hard-won conviction.

FINDINGS. THESIS RECORDING. (slide 10)

THE THEME OF PEASANTRY.

- How does the lyrical hero see the past?(Three years have passed since the hero left his native place, and much seems to him distant, changed. He looks with different eyes: “The aged wattle fence is so sweet to my flashing eyes”, “overgrown garden”, lilac. These cute signs recreate the image " girls in a white cape" and evoke a bitter thought:

We all loved during these years,

But they didn't love us enough.)

Here begins the main motive of the poem.

-What are the moods of the poet's countrymen?(People are alarmed by the events that have come to their villages: “Solid peasant wars”, and the reason is “anarchy. They drove out the king ...”. We learn about the “cobbler, fighter, rude man” Pron Ogloblin, an embittered drunkard, murderer of the headman. It turns out that “Now there are thousands of them / I’m rotten to create in freedom.” And as a terrible result: “Raseya is gone, gone.

-What are the concerns of men? (Firstly, this is the age-old question about the land: “Say: / Will the peasants go away / Without redemption of the arable land of the masters?”. The second question is about the war: “Why, then, at the front / Are we destroying ourselves and others?” The third question: "Tell me / Who is Lenin?".

Why does the hero answer: "He is you"?(This aphorism about Lenin, the leader of the people, is significant. Here the hero rises to genuine historicism in showing revolutionary events. Peasant workers, especially the rural poor, warmly greet Soviet power and follow Lenin, because they heard that he was fighting for something to forever free the peasants from the oppression of the landlords and give them "without redemption the arable land of the masters").

-What prompted the hero to turn to Lenin?(Faith, maybemore precisely -desire to believe in a brighter future)

-What kind of peasants appear before us?(Pron is a traditional Russian rebel, the embodiment of the Pugachev principle. Labutya, his brother, is an opportunist and parasite.)

- Is there a positive type of peasant in the poem?(Of course there is. This miller is the embodiment of kindness, humanity, closeness to nature. All this makes the miller one of the main characters of the poem.)

MESSAGE.

- The fate of the main characters of the poem is closely connected with the revolutionary events: the landowner Anna Snegina, whose entire farmstead was taken away by the peasants during the revolution; poor peasant Ogloblin Pron, fighting for the power of the Soviets; the old miller and his wife; the narrator of the poet, involved in the revolutionary storm in "peasant affairs". Yesenin's attitude to his heroes is imbued with concern for their fate. Unlike the first works, which glorify the transformed peasant Russia as a whole, in Anna Snegina he does not idealize the Russian peasantry.

MESSAGE.

Yesenin foresees the tragedy of the peasantry of 1929-1933, observing and experiencing the origins of this tragedy. Yesenin is worried that the Russian peasant is ceasing to be a master and worker on his land, that he is looking for an easy life, striving for profit at any cost. For Yesenin, the main thing is the moral qualities of people. Revolutionary freedom poisoned the peasants with permissiveness, awakened moral vices in them.

FINDINGS. THESIS RECORDING. (slide 11)

-Now let's turn to our heroes and see how the leading motive of the poem develops.

POEM'S KEYMOTIN ("WE ALL LOVE IN THESE YEARS...")

- How are the feelings of the heroes, Anna and Sergey, shown when they meet?(The dialogue of the characters goes on two levels: obvious and implicit (ch. 3). There is an ordinary polite conversation between people who are almost strangers to each other. But separate remarks, gestures show that the feelings of the characters are alive. (READ) ).

The leitmotif of the poem already sounds optimistic. (“There is something beautiful in summer, / And with summer, beautiful in us”)

- What is the reason for the discord in the relationship of the characters?(Pron Ogloblin decided to take away the land from the Snegins, and for negotiations he took an “important”, as he considered a person, a resident of the capital. They arrived at the wrong time: it turned out that the news of the death of Anna’s husband had just arrived. In grief, she throws an accusation to Sergei: “You are a pitiful and low coward. / He died ... / And you are here ... ". The heroes did not see each other all summer).

MESSAGE.

The poem "Anna Snegina" is lyric-epic. Its main theme is personal, but epic events are revealed through the fate of the heroes. The title itself suggests that Anna is the central image of the poem. The name of the heroine sounds especially poetic and ambiguous. This name has full sonority, beauty of alliteration, richness of associations. Snegina - a symbol of the purity of white snow, echoes the spring color of bird cherry, this name is a symbol of lost youth. There are associations with Yesenin's images: a girl in white, a thin birch, a snowy bird cherry.

The lyrical plot of the poem - the story of the heroes' failed love - is barely outlined, it develops as a series of fragments. The failed romance of the characters takes place against the backdrop of a bloody and uncompromising class war. The relationship of the characters is romantic, unclear, and the feelings are intuitive. The revolution led the heroes to part, the heroine ended up in exile - in England, from where she writes a letter to the hero of the poem. The revolution does not have heroes the memory of love. The fact that Anna ended up far from Soviet Russia is a sad pattern, a tragedy for many Russian people of that time. And Yesenin's merit is that he was the first to show this.

-How is the new power depicted in the poem?(October 1917, the hero meets in the village. He learns about the coup from Pron, who “almost died of joy”, “Now we all once - and kvass! / Without any ransom since the summer / We take arable land and forests. " Pron's dream to seize the land from the Snegins came true, backed up by the new government: "There are now Soviets in Russia / And Lenin is the senior commissar." Soviet power is portrayed ironically, even sarcastically. The first loafers and drunkards climbed into power, like Pron's brother Labuti, who coward”, “Such people are always in mind./They don’t live like corns on their hands./ And here he is, of course, in the Council”).

- What events take place before the hero's next visit to his native place?(Six years pass: “Severe, terrible years!” Goods taken from the landlords did not bring happiness to the peasants: why would the “grimy rabble” need “pianos” and “gramophone” to play “Tambov foxtrot for cows”?The grain grower's lot is gone »).

-Where does the hero learn about the events in Kriush?(He learns about the events from the miller’s letter: Pron was shot by the Denikovites, Labutya escaped - “he climbed into the straw”, and then he cried for a long time: “I should have a red order / for my courage to wear”, and now the civil war has subsided, “the storm has gone into calm down").

-And again our hero is in the village. What impression did Anna's letter make on him?(The hero receives a letter with a "London seal". The letter contains no word of reproach, no complaint, no regret about the lost estate, only bright nostalgia.READ .Sergey remains cold and almost cynical: “A letter is like a letter./For no reason. / I wouldn’t write such things for real.”)

How does the leitmotif of the poem change in its final part?(Here the “second plan”, the deep one, comes through. The hero does not seem to be touched by the letter, as if he is doing everything as before, but he sees everything differently.READ. What changed? “In the old way” was replaced by “still”, the “aged” wattle fence became “hunched”.)

MESSAGE.

The poet - the hero of the poem - constantly emphasizes that his soul is already largely closed to better feelings and wonderful impulses: "Nothing has broken into my soul, / Nothing has embarrassed me." And only in the finale a chord sounds - a memory of the most beautiful and forever, forever lost. Parting with Anna in the lyrical context of the poem is parting from youth, parting from the most pure and holy that a person has at the dawn of life. But - the main thing in the poem - all human beautiful, bright and holy lives in the hero, remains with him forever as a memory, as a "living life":

I walk through the overgrown garden,

The face touches the lilac.

So sweet to my flashing eyes

Hunched wattle.

Once at that gate over there

I was sixteen years old

And a girl in a white cape

She told me kindly: “No!”

Far away, they were cute! ..

That image in me has not faded away.

We all loved during these years,

But that means

They loved us too.

RECORDING THE DEVELOPMENT SCHEME OF THE LEITMOTION (slide 12)

VII. Final word from the teacher. Return to epigraph.

- "Distant. cute "images made the soul rejuvenate, but also regret the departed irrevocably. At the end of the poem, only one word has changed, but the meaning has changed significantly. Nature, homeland, spring, love - these words are one row. And the person who forgives is right. (Reading the epigraph)

VIII. Lesson summary and homework.

Briefly:

In 1925, the poem "Anna Snegina" was written. It reflected the impressions of trips to his native village Konstantinovo in 1917-1918.

In Anna Snegina, epic, lyrical and dramatic elements are combined into a single whole. The epic theme is given in the poem in realistic traditions. The action of the poem takes place against a wide socio-historical background: revolution, civil war, stratification of the village, dispossession, lynching, the death of noble nests, the emigration of the Russian intelligentsia abroad. In the field of view of the author are national disasters - pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary ("peasant wars", class hatred, Denikin raids, exorbitant taxes), people's destinies (Radovtsy, to whom "happiness is given", and Kriushans, who have one plow and "a pair of hackneyed nags ”), folk characters (Pron Ogloblin, Ogloblin Labutya, miller, miller’s woman and others).

The lyrical beginning - the failed love of the heroes - is determined by these epic events. Anna Snegina - noblewoman, aristocrat. Sergei is a peasant son. Both differently, but equally well know the life of Russia and selflessly love her. They are both class enemies and people connected by spiritual kinship, they are both Russians. Their romance takes place against the background of revolutionary cataclysms and social upheavals, which ultimately determines the parting of the characters. Anna leaves for London, having survived all the blows of fate (the ruin of the estate, peasant retribution, the death of her husband, a break with Sergei), but in a foreign land she retains tenderness for the hero and love for Russia. Sergei, swirling in a revolutionary whirlpool, lives with the problems of today, and the “girl in a white cape” becomes just a dear memory for him.

However, the drama of the situation is not limited to the fact that the revolution destroyed the personal happiness of the heroes, it fundamentally undermined the traditional way of life that had been developing for centuries throughout Russian life. Morally crippled, the village is dying, strong economic Radovites and poor Kriushans are fighting among themselves, the long-awaited freedom turns into permissiveness: murders, lynching, the dominance of "villains ... dashing". A new type of leader appears in the village:

Bulldyzhnik, fighter, rude.

He is always angry at everyone

Drunk for weeks in the morning.

The perspicacious Yesenin bitterly stated in Anna Snegina what his blue dream of another land and another country in the state of the Bolsheviks had turned into.

Source: Schoolchildren's Handbook: Grades 5-11. — M.: AST-PRESS, 2000

More:

The problematics of the poem "Anna Snegina" is inextricably linked with the semantic volume that Yesenin's lyrics carry. One of the central aspects of the problems of his poetry as a whole is determined by the solution of the question of the relationship between the private time of the individual and the historical time of national life. Does a person have a certain sovereignty in relation to history, can he oppose the destructive and pernicious influence of the historical process (if he perceives it that way) with his right to remain a private person, rejecting the encroachments of historical time on his personal life and destiny?

Such a problem is predetermined by two objects of the image, each of which corresponds to two storylines that develop in parallel in the poem. On the one hand, this is a private plot that tells about the history of the relationship between the lyrical hero and Anna Snegina, telling about failed love. On the other hand, it is closely intertwined with a concrete historical plot, addressed to the events of the revolution and the civil war, which capture the life of the peasants, the inhabitants of the village and the farm, on which Yesenin's hero takes refuge from the whirlwinds of historical time, and himself. Historical discord captures the life of every person without exception and destroys the relationship of love that was outlined in a private plot.

The exposition of the national-historical plot is the story of the driver, which opens the poem, about the sudden enmity between the two villages: Radovo and Kriushi. In a terrible fight for the forest between the peasants of two villages, the prologue of the civil war is seen, when the seeds of anger grow among people belonging to the same culture, one nation, speaking the same language: “They are in axes, we are the same. / From the ringing and gnashing of steel / A shiver rolled through the body. Why, after this fight, life in the once rich village of Radovo falls into decay for no apparent reason? As the driver explains this situation: “Since then, we have been in trouble. / The reins rolled down from happiness. / Almost three years in a row / We have either a case or a fire?

The charioteer's story, which serves as a prologue to the national-historical plot of the poem, is replaced by an exposition of a private plot connected with the fate of the lyrical hero, with the choice he makes when he deserts from the front of the imperialist war. What is the reason for such an act? Is he motivated by the cowardice of the lyrical hero, the desire to save his life, or does he reveal a firm position in life, an unwillingness to participate in the insane and destructive historical circumstances of the imperialist war, the goals of which are unknown and alien to the lyrical hero?

Desertion is a conscious choice of a hero who does not want to be a participant in a senseless and alien to the interests of the peoples of the massacre: “The war has eaten away my soul. / For someone else's interest / I shot at my close body / And climbed on my brother with my chest. The February Revolution of 1917, when “Kerensky was caliphed over the country on a white horse,” did not change either the historical situation itself or the attitude of the lyrical hero to the war and his participation in it:

But still I did not take the sword ...

Under the roar and roar of mortars

I showed another courage -

Was the first deserter in the country.

Show that such a choice is not easy for the lyrical hero, that he always returns to his act, finds more and more emotional justifications: “No, no! / I won't go forever. / For the fact that some kind of scum / Throws a crippled soldier / A nickel or a dime into the mud. Find other examples of similar self-justification.

Thus, the two storylines of the analyzed poem “Anna Snegina” by Yesenin also correspond to two expositions, the correlation of which forms the problems of the poem: is it possible, in the conditions of the historical reality of the 20th century, to hide from the ferocious and destructive hurricanes of wars and revolutions, national discord, the prologue of which sounds in the story drivers, in his private world, in a shelter, on a miller's farm, where is the lyrical hero going? Can it happen that the historical wind will pass by and not affect? Actually, the attempt to find such a shelter turns out to be the plot of the poem.

However, such attempts reveal their complete illusory nature. The internal discord of the peasant world with itself, the image of which is given in the enmity of the villages of Radovo and Kriushi, is becoming more and more obvious, involving more and more people. Refer to the hero's conversation with the old woman, the miller's wife. Show how she perceives the current state of the peasant world, what new facets her story adds to the history of the enmity between the Radovites and the Kriushans. Where does she see the reason for the discord between people?

The old woman puts the story of the enmity between the two villages (“The Radovites are beaten by the Kriushans, / That the Radovians are beaten by the Kriushans”) in a broader national-historical context.

The first meeting with Anna Snegina forces the author to turn to the plot of a meeting, traditional for love lyrics, after many years of two people who once loved each other, later divorced by fate and time. Remember which poems by Pushkin, Tyutchev, Fet, Blok are addressed to a similar plot. This meeting makes it possible for Anna Snegina and the lyrical hero to return to their former emotional state again, to overcome the time of separation and the twists of fate that separated them: “And in my heart at least there is no former, / Strangely, I was full / The influx of sixteen years.”

The private plot of the relationship between Anna Snegina and the lyrical hero develops in parallel with another storyline, the basis of which is the story of the friendship of the lyrical hero with Pron Ogloblin. It is these relations that show the nature of the historical process taking place in the Russian countryside, developing before the eyes of the poet and requiring his direct participation. Pron Ogloblin is just the hero who forces you to leave the shelter at the mill, does not allow you to sit out in the hayloft with the miller, in every possible way shows the lyrical hero his need for the peasant world.

The culmination of the poem, connecting the two storylines, is the moment when the lyrical hero appears together with Pron on the Snegin estate, when Ogloblin, the spokesman for the interests of the peasantry, demands land from the landowner: “Give, they say, your land / Without any redemption from us.” The lyrical hero turns out to be together with the peasant leader. When a direct class conflict arises, he, no longer able to ignore the challenge of history, makes a choice and takes the side of the peasantry. The development of the plot reveals the impossibility of hiding from historical time, from class contradictions in the countryside, being on the side, having sat out on a farm with a miller. If he was able to desert from the front of the German war, choosing the life of a private person, then the hero cannot leave the peasant environment with which he is genetically connected: to stay on the sidelines would mean a betrayal of the village. So the choice is made: standing next to Pron, the lyrical hero loses his newfound love for Anna Snegina.

The development of the love conflict also ends because Snegina, shocked by the death of her husband, an officer at the front, throws a terrible accusation in the face of the poet: “They killed ... They killed Borya ... / Leave it! /Go away! /You are a miserable and low coward. /He died... /And you are here...»

The plot, characters, problems of S. Yesenin's poem "Anna Snegina"

Yesenin Sergey Alexandrovich - the great Russian poet. He argued that the feeling of the homeland is the main thing in his work. Yesenin carried this feeling through his entire short, but surprisingly bright and eventful life. Almost all poems, as well as Yesenin's poems, are imbued with a sense of the homeland.

The poem "Anna Snegina" to a certain extent summed up the creative path of the poet. Yesenin believed that she was the best of all that he wrote.

The poem is distinguished by a striking fusion of epic and lyrical beginnings. Her lyrical hero is given in development .. He is characterized by thoughtfulness, responsiveness.

The historical events depicted in the poem are socially rich and significant. The author conveys his view on them.

The hero of the poem goes to visit the Radov suburbs, and the driver tells him along the way about life in the village.

In the first stanza, a picture is drawn of the prosperous, strong village of Radova, in which there are "two hundred yards," he said. Radovskie places "are rich in forest and water, there are pastures, there are fields." Peasant yards there are covered with iron. It is good to live in Radov.

The neighboring village of Kriushi looks in contrast against the background of Radov. Life there is bad, one plow for everyone and a couple of “hackneyed nags”. Poverty and deprivation force the Kriushans to steal firewood from the neighboring forest. Dramatic events unfold when the Radovites find them at the crime scene. The fratricidal fight ends with the death of the foreman, and ten men go to hard labor in Siberia. This fight turns into a severe retribution for the Radovites:

Since then, we have been in trouble.

The reins rolled down from happiness.

Almost three years in a row

We have either a case, or a fire.

The story of the hero about the years of the war is full of spiritual fatigue. She ate his whole soul to him. The meaning of the war is not clear to the hero, he does not see his interest in it. Violence against the "brother" disgusts him. The hero decides to turn off this path and devote himself to poetry.

In the poem, the image of Kerensky arises, under whose command the hero also does not want to fight. He considers people like Kerensky scoundrels and parasites and prefers not to serve them, but "to be the first deserter in the country."

In the image of the driver who brought the hero to Radovo, the poet draws a bright, original character. He is cunning, grasping, he will not miss his own.

Warm feelings are evoked in the hero by a meeting with his native places, where he has not been for almost four years and where he came for a year. The intoxicating smell of the hayloft, the charm of an overgrown garden, the scent of lilacs.... All this evokes memories of youth in the hero:

Once at that gate over there

I was sixteen years old

And a girl in a white cape

She told me kindly: “No!”

The image of the beloved did not fade away in the heart of the hero. But not only memories of first love flash in the heart of the hero. The charm of his native places excites in him philosophical reflections about war and peace, about man and history, about the place of the individual in the whirlwind of large-scale events:

I think:

How beautiful

Earth

And there is a person on it.

And how many unfortunates with the war

Freaks now and cripples!

And how many are buried in the pits!

And how many more will be buried!

In the hero's imagination, the image of a crippled soldier arises, who is not needed by anyone and who gave his youth and health for someone else's interest. The new reality of rural life is disappointing: “continuous peasant wars”, anarchy, robbers on the roads.

A special place in the poem is occupied by the image of Pron Ogloblin. The miller's wife presents him as "a cobbler, a fighter, a rude person", always embittered at everyone and drunk for weeks, quick to reprisal. “There are now thousands of them,” she says. Joylessly meet other happy sheep new life:

Raseya is gone, the breadwinner Rus is gone... The hero enters into a conversation with the peasants who want to hear his opinion about what is happening in the country. They trust the visiting famous poet:

You are your own, peasant, ours,

Boasting fame is not very

And you can't sell your heart.

Scenes describing the hero's relationship with Anna Snegina are filled with special lyricism. Joyful excitement is caused by the news of the arrival of Sergei from Anna: "Ah, mommy, it's him!"

The hero was once in love with Snegina. She is surprised by his present:

Writer...

Well-known bump...

Anna comes to visit the sick hero. A lot has changed since their breakup.

I became an important lady

And you are a famous poet.

Quiet sadness from the fact that not to return the past sounds in the speech of Snegina, who was forced to forget about Sergei by a young officer. The faded feelings in the soul of the heroes flare up with renewed vigor.

I don't know why I touched

Her gloves and shawl.

Luna laughed like a clown.

And in the heart, though there is no former,

In a strange way I was filled with the Influx of sixteen years. We parted with her at dawn. We did not pass the author's narration of the scene of the dispossession of the landowners.

Hey you!

Cockroach brat!

All Snegina! ..

R-time and kvass!

Give, they say, your land

Without any ransom from us! -

summons kriushan Pron Ogloblin.

This day turns into a double tragedy for Snegina. She receives news of her husband's death, and in bitter despair throws harsh reproaches in the face of the hero:

You are a pathetic and low coward.

He died... And you are here...

The Kriushani joyfully greet the revolution:

With great happiness!

The expected time has come!

Happy excitement embraces the hero himself. The image of Pron's brother, Labuti, is interesting. He is a "praise-bishka and a devilish coward", an incorrigible chatterbox drunkard. Labutya knows how to adapt to any authority. Having fought for the tsar, he is the first to go to describe Snegin's house.

The poet does not ignore the harsh twenties. There is a merciless civil war going on. Kriushi is visited by Denikin himself with his detachment. They shoot Ogloblin Pron. His brother Labutya is true to himself. He climbed into the straw at a dangerous moment, and then spoke with boastfulness around the village:

I would like a red order

For my courage to wear ...

Drawing the fate of Anna, the poet speaks of emigration - on Snegina's letter, the London seal. Her letter is full of homesickness, of which only memories remain.

The poem "Anna Onegin" is imbued with deep thoughts of the poet about the fate of the Motherland. It became one of the first major works about the peasantry and the intelligentsia in Soviet literature and caused numerous controversies.

"Anna Snegina" is an autobiographical poem by Sergei Yesenin, completed by him before his death - by the end of January 1925. It is not only the fruit of the author's rethinking of the October Revolution and its consequences for the people, but also a demonstration of the poet's attitude to revolutionary events. He not only evaluates, but also experiences them from the position of an artist and a small person who has become a hostage of circumstances.

Russia in the first half of the twentieth century remained a country with a low level of literacy, which soon underwent significant changes. As a result of a series of revolutionary uprisings, the first political parties arose, thus, the people became a full participant in public life. In addition, global upheavals influenced the development of the fatherland: in 1914-1918. The Russian Empire was involved in the First World War, and from 1918-1921, it was torn apart by civil war. Therefore, the era during which the poem was written is already called the era of the "Soviet Republic". Yesenin showed this turning point in history on the example of the fate of a little man - himself in a lyrical image. The drama of the era is reflected even in the size of the verse: the three-foot amphibrach, which Nekrasov loved so much and used as a universal form for his accusatory civil lyrics. This meter corresponds more to the epic than to the light poems of Sergei Alexandrovich.

The action takes place on the Ryazan land during the spring from 1917 to 1923. The author shows the real space, describes the real Russian area: "The village, therefore, our Radovo ...". The use of toponyms in the book is not accidental. They are important for creating a metaphorical space. Radovo is a literary prototype of Konstantinovo, the place where Sergei Alexandrovich was born and raised. A specific artistic space not only "binds" the depicted world to certain topographic realities, but also actively influences the essence of the depicted. And the village of Kriusha also (Yesenin calls Kriushi in the poem) really exists in the Klepikovskiy district of the Ryazan region, which is located next to the Rybnovsky district, where the village of Konstantinovo is located.

"Anna Snegina" was written by S. Yesenin during his 2nd trip to the Caucasus in 1924-1925. This was the most intense creative period of the poet, when he wrote easily as never before. And he wrote this voluminous work in one gulp, the work brought him genuine joy. The result is an autobiographical lyrical epic poem. It contains the originality of the book, as it contains two types of literature at once: epic and lyric. Historical events are the epic beginning; the hero's love is lyrical.

What is the poem about?

Yesenin's work consists of 5 chapters, each of which reveals a certain stage in the life of the country. Composition in the poem "Anna Snegina" - cyclical: it begins and ends with the arrival of Sergei in his native village.

Yesenin, first of all, set priorities for himself: with what is he on the way? Analyzing the situation that has developed under the influence of social cataclysms, he chooses for himself the good old past, where there was no such frantic enmity between relatives and close people. Thus, the main idea of ​​the work "Anna Snegina" is that the poet does not find a place for a person in the new aggressive and cruel reality. The struggle has poisoned minds and souls, brother goes against brother, and life is measured by the force of pressure or blow. Whatever ideals were behind this transformation, they are not worth it - this is the verdict of the author of post-revolutionary Russia. In the poem, the discord between the official party ideology and the philosophy of the creator was clearly indicated, and this discrepancy was never forgiven for Sergei Alexandrovich.

However, the author did not find himself in the emigrant share either. Showing disregard for Anna's letter, he marks the abyss between them, because he cannot accept her moral choice. Yesenin loves his homeland and cannot leave it, especially in this state. Snegina left forever, as the past goes away, and for Russia the disappearance of the nobility is a historical fact. Let the poet seem to new people a relic of the past with his snotty humanism, but he will remain in his native land alone with his nostalgia for yesterday, to which he is so devoted. This self-sacrifice expresses the idea of ​​the poem "Anna Snegina", and in the image of a girl in a white cape, peaceful patriarchal Russia, with which he is still in love, appears in the mind's eye of the narrator.

Criticism

For the first time, fragments from the work "Anna Snegina" were published in 1925 in the magazine "City and Village", but the full-scale publication was only at the end of spring of this year in the newspaper "Bakinskiy Rabochiy". Yesenin himself put the book very highly and spoke of it like this: "In my opinion, this is the best thing that I wrote." This is confirmed in his memoirs by the poet V. F. Nasedkin: “To his literary friends, he most willingly read this poem then. It was evident that he liked it more than other poems.

Critics were afraid to cover such an eloquent reproach to the new government. Many avoided speaking about the new book in print, or responded with indifference. But the average reader, judging by the circulation of the newspaper, the poem aroused genuine interest.

According to the newspaper "Izvestia" dated March 14, 1925, number 60, we can establish that at the meeting of a group of writers called "Pass" in the Herzen House, the first public reading of the poem "Anna Snegina" took place. The reaction of the listeners was negative or indifferent; during the emotional declaration of the poet, they were silent and showed no interest in any way. Some even tried to call the author to discuss the work, but he sharply rejected such requests and left the hall in frustrated feelings. He asked only Alexander Konstantinovich Voronsky (literary critic, editor of the Krasnaya Nov magazine) for an opinion on the work. “Yes, I like her,” he replied, maybe that's why the book is dedicated to him. Voronsky was a prominent member of the party, but fought for the freedom of art from state ideology. For this he was shot under Stalin.

Of course, Nekrasov's straightforwardness, simplicity of style and ornate content, so uncharacteristic of Yesenin, caused Soviet critics to assume that the poet had "written his name". They preferred to evaluate only the form and style of the scandalous work "Anna Snegina", without going into details in the form of details and images. A modern publicist, Alexander Tenenbaum, ironically remarks that "Sergey was condemned by critics, whose names have already been completely erased today."

There is a certain theory that the Chikists understood the anti-government subtext of the poem and dealt with Yesenin, staging the suicide of a creative person driven to despair. A phrase that is interpreted by some people as a praise to Lenin: “Tell me, Who is Lenin? I quietly answered: He is you, ”in fact, it means that the leader of the peoples is the leader of bandits and drunkards, like Pron Ogloblin, and a coward-turner, like his brother. After all, the poet does not praise the revolutionaries at all, but exposes them in a caricatured form.

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"Anna Snegina", according to researchers of the poet's work, is Yesenin's most mature work both artistically and in depth of historical thinking. According to the genre, "Anna Snegina" is a poem, its genre originality is in the combination of lyrical and epic narration.

The plot-forming story is the story of the difficult relationship between the lyrical hero, the poet, to whom Yesenin gave his name - Sergey, and Anna Snegina. Once, in their youth, they were in love with each other, and the hero-narrator keeps a sad and bright memory of this:

Once at that gate over there
I was sixteen years old
And a girl in a white cape
She told me kindly: “No!”.
Far away, they were cute.
That image in me has not faded away ...
We all loved during these years,
But they didn't love us enough. (one)

This memory is, as it were, an exposition of the poem. The plot starts when in the summer of 1917 the protagonist arrives at his native place and meets Anna again: she visits him during his illness. Both of them have changed, as Anna points out:

I became an important lady
And you are a famous poet. (3)

Love does not wake up in the hero again, but he is pleased to remember the past:

And at least there is no past in the heart.
I was strangely full
The rush of sixteen years. (3)

The climax comes in the scene when Anna receives news from the front about the death of her husband, an officer, and, beside herself with grief, reproaches the poet for cowardice. The hero in this scene behaves very dignified: he does not argue, does not make excuses, he simply leaves Anna's house. The second climax and at the same time the denouement is the last explanation of the characters. One evening, the miller brings Anna and her mother, a local landowner, to his house, as the peasants seized the master's farm and drove the two women out into the street. Anna asks for forgiveness from Sergei for her hurtful words expressed at the last meeting (she could not control her behavior when she learned about her husband's death), and suddenly admits that in her youth, when she said to the future poet: “No!” She loved him. She, like Sergey, remembers all her life about her half-childish, but such poetic love:

It was in my childhood...
Another... Not an autumn dawn...
We sat together...
We are sixteen years old. (4)

After that, the heroes part forever: Anna leaves, and the poet does not stop her, does not even ask about her plans for the future. He himself too

Quickly rushed off to St. Petersburg
Dispel sadness and sleep. (4)

The epilogue in the love story is Anna's letter from London, in which she talks about her distant homeland and her love:

My path is clear...
But you are still nice to me
Like home and like spring. (5)

The image of the heroine created in the poem is attractive not only due to external beauty - "slender face" (3), "beautiful and sensual mouth" (4), swan hands (4), but also spiritual charm. She visits a sick hero, asks for forgiveness for the offense, she does not complain about her fate when she is expelled from her home. Her letter from England proves that we are not a spoiled, capricious lady, but a smart and strong woman who endures her misfortunes with dignity: after all, she lost her husband, her father's house, her homeland. In emigration, she thinks of Russia without malice, fondly recalls Radov's favorite neighborhoods:

Now I'm away from you...
It's April in Russia now.
And blue veil
Covered with birch and spruce. (5)

Thus, the lyrical content of the poem is a love story of two good but unhappy people. At the same time, the hero understands his advantage over Anna: he lives in his homeland, his personal disorder is smoothed out by a completely conscious feeling of joy from the fact that he can come to his native village, see places familiar from childhood, communicate with friends and relatives. In other words, the problem of human happiness is solved in the poem in a broad social sense:

How beautiful
Earth
And there is a person on it. (2)

In the poem, the lyrical hero not only experiences love-remembrance, but also peers with interest at the events taking place around him, expresses his attitude towards them. The time described in the poem is the era of social upheavals: the First World War is on, two Russian revolutions of 1917 are taking place. Therefore, the content of the work can in no way be limited to a love story. In the poem, the relationship of the hero-narrator with the large social world is also important. The lyrical hero very emotionally expresses his assessment of the "world massacre" and deliberately deserts:

No no!
I won't go forever
Because some kind of scum
Throws to a crippled soldier
Pyatak or dime in the mud. (2)

The big social world is also the people. The hero willingly tells about his meetings with the peasants: they talk frankly about rural problems, the poet follows their fate with interest. Thus, the epic pictures of the life of the village are imbued with frank authorial sympathy (lyrical feeling) and show the direct participation of the protagonist in the village events.

The poem reflected the revolutionary mood of the peasantry, the class struggle in the countryside, which resulted in the elimination of landownership. Therefore, there are many realistically drawn characters in the work: a talkative driver who cunningly extorts an extra ruble from the hero-poet; a troublesome and resourceful miller, his businesslike wife; Pron Ogloblin and his brother Labutya; many unnamed men. Among the motley village crowd, the hero-narrator himself is shown: he is inseparable from the people, from the people's worries and hopes. No wonder, having arrived in the village, he immediately

I went to bow to the men,
Like an old friend and guest. (2)

The most vivid image of a peasant in the poem is, of course, the image of Pron Ogloblin, a poor man from the village of Kriushi. This is a decisive, courageous, courageous person who is not afraid to come to the landowner and demand land. Hearing that "There are now Soviets in Russia" (4), he immediately declares that he is organizing a commune in his village. When Denikin's men attacked Kriusha, he did not hide in the straw, like Labuta, and was killed as an active supporter of the Soviet regime. Pron in the poem curses with the last words, drinks, kills the foreman in a rage, the miller calls him “cobbler, fighter, rude” (2), but the hero-narrator sees the cordiality, strong character, desire to serve the people behind the outward rudeness of this peasant. The seriousness of Pron's personality is emphasized by comparing him with his brother Labutey, an empty braggart who, after the revolution, quickly joined the village council in order to do nothing, but live happily ever after.

The lyrical hero of the poem sympathizes with the "peasant truth" and considers Pron's actions fair, but something keeps him "above the fight." The poet remains an observer, not an active participant in events. Anna is a match for him. They both take the cruelty of their time hard and cannot come to terms with it. The lyrical hero considers necessary Bolshevik transformations in the countryside, but at the same time, with sadness and tenderness, he thinks about the village young lady, the daughter of the landowner, who left the revolution for England. He evaluates the people around him not from class positions, but from the point of view of kindness, responsiveness, decency, that is, from the point of view of universal moral criteria.

The compositional structure confirms the definition given at the beginning of the genre originality of the poem. Firstly, in Anna Snegina, the lyrical and epic narratives develop in parallel: they only occasionally touch, but do not collide. This contact is observed when the hero is in the midst of village life (for example, his conversation with the peasants about Lenin at a gathering). But there are very few such scenes in the poem.

Secondly, a feature of the poem is the ring composition, which emphasizes the paramount importance of the lyrical content in comparison with the epic (social). In the first and fifth chapters there are stanzas that almost completely coincide. They differ only in the last line: at first - “We all loved in these years, But we didn’t love us much”, at the end - “We all loved in these years, But, therefore, They loved us too.” This difference is significant: at the beginning of the poem, the hero bitterly recalls the refusal of a girl in a white cloak, and at the end, after a “unreasonable” (5) letter from England, he experiences “bright sadness”, because he knows that both in his distant youth and now he is loved.

So, in "Anna Snegina" two types of narration are combined, forming a complex unity. What is more important in a poem - epic or lyrics?

It is known that at first Yesenin intended to emphasize the epic content in the title of the poem - "Radovtsy", but in the end the author settled on the lyrical version of the title - "Anna Snegina", thereby emphasizing the paramount importance of the lyrical experiences of the characters in his work. In other words, the basis of the plot of the poem is not the development of events, but the feelings of the lyrical hero caused by these events, as well as communication with nature, memories of youth. The epic scenes in the poem are an important background for revealing the emotional experiences of the protagonist, although it should be recognized that the development of the lyrical plot is driven precisely by epic events: the two revolutions of 1917 changed the social situation in Russia and made the parting of the poet and Anna inevitable. A turning point in history casts a dramatic reflection on the love story of the characters.

The plot and compositional features of "Anna Snegina" are due to the genre originality of the work. The composition of the poem is a logically consistent montage of separate completed scenes that demonstrate the signs of historical time, the relationship of the characters, their inner experiences. The lyricism of the work is emphasized by the ring construction.