Unified State Exam sample for the dorm. Theory in social science. Algorithm for completing the task

Secondary general education

Line UMK G. A. Bordovsky. Social Studies (10-11)

Social science

Unified State Examination in Social Studies: reviewing assignments with the teacher

My students, graduates of 2017, who successfully passed the Unified State Exam in social studies, claim that the recommendation to read the entire text of the work before starting assignments has a good effect when completing the work. When reading the work, emotional stress is relieved, brain activity is directed to analyzing the materials, and the graduate is involved in productive cognitive activity, leading to high scores for completing the work.

As materials for work, we use the version of the Unified State Exam in Social Studies 2017 (early period), published by FIPI in the spring of 2017.

Part 1

Task No. 1

Write down the word missing in the table.

Factors of production and factor income

When completing task No. 1, you need to carefully look at the title of the table. In our case, the table is called “Factors of production and factor income.” One of the factors of production is indicated: entrepreneurship (entrepreneurial abilities) and its factor income is indicated: profit. Knowledge of the main factors of production: land, labor, capital (physical and monetary), entrepreneurial abilities of information is inextricably linked with knowledge of factor income as income that the owner receives from the use or application of factors of production. Labor - wages, land - rent, capital - interest, entrepreneurial abilities, information - profit. The table shows factor income - rent, which means that in the first column we can safely enter such a factor of production as Earth. The correct answer is earth. When preparing, it is important for the student to know the complete characteristics of all factors of production.

Task No. 2

In the row below, find a concept that is generalizing for all other concepts presented. Write it down word (phrase).

State form, form of government, unitary state, federation, republic.

Answer: ___________________________.

In task No. 2, it is always necessary to clearly define the generic concept (in the question it sounds like a generalizing concept). Our version presents: the form of the state, how device political organization of society (it is important to remember that this is also a certain set of characteristics by which we determine the method of organization and structure of the state); form of government, which is determined by the composition of the highest bodies of state power and the order of their formation, as well as by their interaction with the population of the state; a unitary state, which refers to one of the forms of state-territorial structure, like a federation; A republic is one of the forms of government. I always strongly recommend that my students, in a rough draft, immediately when they begin completing assignments related to the topic “Politics,” draw a diagram:

This is important because a typical mistake that graduates make when conducting test exams is associated with mixing concepts. And when the diagram is before your eyes, it will be more difficult to make a mistake.

Accordingly, based on the diagram, it becomes clear that the generic (generalizing concept for all others here will be the form of the state, i.e. its versatile characteristics presented in the answer options. The remaining concepts reflect these or other elements. For example, the form of government is given as part forms of state and republic, as one of the types of government.

Correct answer: form of state.

Task No. 3

Below is a list of characteristics. All of them, with the exception of two, belong to the elite culture.

complexity of the forms used;
the desire of the authors to implement their own ideas;
entertaining character;
strongly commercial orientation;
spiritual aristocracy;
Requires special training to understand.

Find two characteristics that “fall out” from the general series and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.

When completing task No. 3, we pay attention to the concept in question. In this case, this is “elite culture” and we are asked about the characteristics of this concept. Elite culture is discussed in the topic “The spiritual sphere of social life.” The generic concept is “Culture”. In our case, the question is in the plane of varieties of culture (material, spiritual; folk, mass, elite). The assignment presents the features of elite culture: the complexity of the forms used, the authors’ desire to embody their own ideas, spiritual aristocracy, the requirement of special training for understanding. Well, really, are we all ready to perceive Schnittke’s musical works and analyze Kafka’s highly intellectual literary works? What can you say about Rodin's sculptures? It is clear that this culture is designed for a narrow circle of consumers prepared to perceive complex works. Elite culture does not seek commercial gain; self-expression and the search for new forms in art are important for authors.

Two characteristics that remain outside our attention: entertaining nature and a pronounced commercial orientation are the most important characteristics of mass culture. Therefore, in this case we will mark them as correct. Because in the task we are asked to remove unnecessary characteristics.

Task No. 4

Choose the correct judgments about society and social institutions and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.

Society is a constantly developing dynamic system.
Social progress is characterized by degradation, a return to outdated structures and relationships.
In a broad sense, society is understood as a part of the world separated from nature, but connected with it, including ways of interaction and forms of unification of people.
Social institutions perform the function of human socialization.
Society is a closed system that does not interact with the external environment.

Answer: ___________________________.

In task No. 4 we must discover judgments about society and public institutions. Here you cannot do without knowledge of the concepts: “society” in the broad and narrow senses; society as a system; “social institution”, as a historically established stable form of organizing joint activities of people, and knowledge of the types of social institutions in the main spheres of social life.

The first judgment characterizes society as a dynamic developing system - this judgment is correct, since it is an axiom in the course of social science.

The second judgment is incorrect, since progress, which is one of the directions of social development, is characterized by the development of society from lower to higher. And the judgment indicates: degradation, a return to already outdated structures and relationships, which are qualitative characteristics of another direction of social development - regression.

The third judgment almost completely reproduces the concept of “society” in a broad sense, and therefore is correct. What is missing there is “consisting of individuals with consciousness and will.”

The fourth proposition is correct. During socialization, a person learns the experience of previous generations. We know that social institutions establish certain patterns of behavior for people. This is best confirmed by such a social institution as the family, which belongs to the social subsystem of society.

The fifth proposition is incorrect. Society is a dynamic, open, self-developing system. It is almost impossible to apply the concept of a “closed system” that does not interact with the external environment to society. No special evidence is needed here. It is enough to recall the concept of society in the broad sense of “a part of the material world isolated from nature, but closely connected with it.”

Thus, the correct judgments will be: 1, 3, 4.

Thematic planning in social studies

Task No. 5

Establish a correspondence between the characteristics and types (forms) of activity: for each element given in the first column, select the corresponding element from the second column.

Task No. 5 relates to the topic “Activities”. Types (forms of activity) are considered: play, learning, work, communication. To complete this task, it is enough to know the characteristics of each type (form of activity). The imaginary setting is a characteristic of the game (A 4), focus on achieving a practically useful result - to work (a person creates certain objects that satisfy needs) (B 2). Focus on acquiring new knowledge and skills – towards learning (AT 3). And not a single type (form) of activity is complete without communication. Therefore, the remaining two characteristics: the process of establishing and developing contacts between people and the focus on information exchange reflect the essence of communication (G 1, D 1). You just need to remember that in the process of communication people exchange not only information, but also emotions, influencing each other.

Despite the apparent ease of tasks, it is important to take your time and conduct an internal dialogue with yourself. Answer the question: why the chosen answer is correct, based on knowledge of concepts.

Task No. 6

Students conducted a study of the motives for educational activities of primary schoolchildren. Find in the list below the methods they used that correspond to the empirical level of scientific knowledge. Write it down numbers, under which they are indicated.

description of observed phenomena
putting forward and justifying hypotheses
explanation of existing relationships
direct observation of individual facts and phenomena
fixation of generalizations in the form of laws
obtaining quantitative data about the object being studied

Answer: ___________________________.

In task No. 6 they ask about the empirical level of scientific knowledge and its methods. We immediately mentally turn to the generic concept - “science”, recall the structure of scientific knowledge, including levels: empirical and theoretical, and classify the methods related to each level. We remember that empirical methods include: observation, description, measurement, classification, systematization, i.e. with their help, it is possible to identify specific properties of the objects being studied, in contrast to the theoretical level, aimed at identifying general trends, laws, etc.

This is how we found the correct answers: 1, 4, 6

Task No. 7

Choose the correct judgments about economic systems and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.

Private property is the basis of a command (planned) economy.
In a traditional economy, the main economic issues are resolved by central government agencies.
The main subjects of market relations are economically independent participants in economic life.
The incentive for enterprises to operate in a market system is profit.
Signs of a market economy include free pricing.

Answer: ___________________________.

Task No. 7 aims us at knowing the characteristics of economic systems as a way of organizing the economic life of society. Knowledge of the distinctive features of traditional, command (planned) or command-administrative, market and mixed economic systems is the basic knowledge of a graduate seeking to get a high score in the exam.

So, let's try. Private property is a prerequisite for the existence of a market model of an economic system. We are told in judgment that it is a command economy. This is not true, also because in a command economy state ownership dominates, and the main issues of the economy are decided by the central authorities. This means that the second judgment is also incorrect. The third judgment is correct, since in a market economy each owner has the right to freely and independently dispose of his factors of production.

The fourth and fifth judgments are also correct, since in a market economy the freedom of economic activity of individual entities is aimed at making a profit in a competitive environment and market mechanisms determine the price.

Right answers: 3, 4, 5.

Task No. 8

Establish a correspondence between the examples and types of taxes and fees in the Russian Federation (in accordance with the Tax Code of the Russian Federation): for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Task No. 8 is related to the graduate’s financial literacy, namely knowledge of the types of taxes and fees in the Russian Federation. The assignment defines the levels of taxes collected: federal, regional and local. When performing this task, it is important to clearly distinguish between types of taxes by level:

Thus, in our task we again use the empirical ranking method: A 3, B 3, C 1, D 3, D 2.

Authors: Vorontsov A.V., Koroleva G.E., Naumov S.A.
The textbook covers the most important topics of the social science course: economics, politics and law. In accordance with modern scientific ideas, the authors reveal the features of the operation of the market mechanism and the role of the state in the economy, the fundamentals of political science, the functioning of the state and the development of democracy, the principles of law, the foundations of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation, the rights and freedoms of man and citizen.

Task No. 9

Company Y is a wedding dress sewing studio. Find in the list below examples of variable costs of firm Y in the short run and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.

costs of repaying interest on a previously taken loan
costs for the purchase of fabrics, threads, accessories
costs of paying piecework wages to employees
rent for studio premises
payment for consumed electricity
insurance premiums

Answer: ___________________________.

Completing task No. 9 requires knowledge of the topic “Company” and its key concepts: revenue, costs and profit. The assignment should clearly state the firm's variable costs in the short run, as opposed to fixed costs.

To complete a task without error, you also need to remember that variable costs change when production volume changes.

The company's credit histories will always relate to fixed costs, so the first option is not correct. But the purchase of fabrics, threads, and accessories refers to consumables, which means they are variable costs, as are the payment of piecework wages to workers, in contrast to salaries, which are the company’s fixed costs. Rent and insurance premiums are fixed costs for any company. Here's the payment consumed electricity (depending on the volume of work of the company) will be a variable cost.

Right answers: 2, 3, 5 .

Social science. Grade 11. A basic level of. Textbook.
Authors: Nikitin A.F., Gribanova G.I., Martyanov D.S.
The textbook is included in the educational and methodological complex in social studies for grade 11 (basic level). Corresponds to the Federal State Educational Standard for secondary (complete) general education, included in the Federal List. The textbook examines the most important issues of economics and law. The methodological apparatus of the textbook includes the headings “Thinking, comparing, drawing conclusions”, “Testing our knowledge”, “Researching, designing, discussing, arguing”.

The figure shows the change in the supply of chairs in the corresponding market: supply line S moved to a new position - S 1 . (P – price; Q – quantity.)

Which of the following factors could cause this change? Write it down numbers, under which they are indicated.

increase in the cost of materials for upholstery of chairs
increase in wages for workers at enterprises producing chairs
reducing the cost of materials for chair frames
reduction of taxes levied on furniture manufacturers
increase in electricity tariffs for furniture manufacturers

Answer: ___________________________.

Task number 10 requires a very careful reading of the question. It is necessary to understand what is being asked about: a change in the quantity of demand or the quantity of supply? In this case, the supply of chairs in the relevant market has changed. By observing the change in the supply curve, we can say that supply has decreased. When completing the task, you need to remember that changes in supply are affected by the cost of factors of production, technology, state tax policy, government support, price expectations, competition, etc.

Therefore, the first answer - an increase in the cost of materials for upholstering chairs will precisely contribute to a decrease in the supply of this product on the market. The answer is correct. An increase in wages for workers increases the cost of such a factor of production as labor, but at the same time reduces the supply of this product on the market. The answer is correct. The third option should lead to an increase in supply, since a decrease in the cost of raw materials leads to an increase in the supply of goods on the market (in our case, a decrease in the cost of material for the frame). The answer is not correct. Tax cuts will also increase supply. The answer is not correct. But an increase in electricity tariffs for furniture manufacturers will increase variable costs and reduce supply. So, an increase in the price of consumables, electricity tariffs, and wages for workers will force the company to either reduce production volumes or increase the cost of goods, which will lead to a decrease in supply on the market.

Right answers: 1, 2, 5 .

Task No. 11

Choose the correct statements about social stratification and social mobility and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.

Horizontal mobility involves moving to a social group located at a different level of the social hierarchy.
One of the criteria for differentiating social groups is income.
Personal qualities of a person act as a criterion for the social stratification of modern society.
Sociologists distinguish between individual and collective mobility.
One of the criteria for the social stratification of society is the amount of power.

Answer: ___________________________.

In completing task No. 11, we proceed from knowledge of the concepts of “social stratification” and “social mobility”, criteria for social stratification, types of social mobility.

Horizontal mobility involves moving from one social group to another, located at the same level of the social ladder. Therefore, the first judgment is not correct. Differentiation (separation) of social groups in society occurs according to many criteria, one of which is income. And also the amount of power, education, prestige of the profession. The second and fifth judgments are correct, unlike the third. A person's personal qualities are not a criterion for social stratification. The fourth proposition is correct, since sociologists do distinguish between individual and collective mobility. For example, under the influence of the events of the 1917 revolution, the position of social groups shifted.

Right answers: 2, 4, 5.

During sociological surveys of adult residents of countries Z and Y, they were asked the question: “Which direction of the state’s youth policy do you consider the most important?”

The survey results (as a percentage of the number of respondents) are shown in the diagram.

Find in the list below the conclusions that can be drawn from the diagram and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.

The share of those who note the importance of ensuring access to decision-making in the economy, public life, and politics is smaller in country Z than in country Y.
Equal shares of respondents in each country consider it necessary to carry out educational work.
In country Z, the opinion about the importance of ensuring access to decision-making in the economy, public life, and politics is less popular than the opinion about the importance of conducting educational work.
In country Y, equal shares of respondents note the creation of conditions for self-expression, self-realization of young people and carrying out educational work with them as the most important areas.
The share of those who consider the provision of social support most important is greater in country Z than in country Y.

Answer: ___________________________.

When completing task No. 12, you need to carefully read the terms of the sociological survey. In this case, the most important directions of the youth policy of the two countries were clarified. The chart shows data from these countries. Before reading the judgments presented, you should carefully study the diagram yourself. In each country, the leading position was taken by the answer “providing social support.” Further, in country Z, the position “conducting educational work” was in second place, and the minimum position was occupied by the judgment “ensuring access to decision-making...”. In country Y, equally minimal positions were occupied by the judgments “ensuring access to decision-making...” and “creating conditions for self-expression.” After we have independently tried to analyze statistical materials, we try to analyze judgments.

The first judgment is correct, since the chart data demonstrates this position. The second judgment is not correct, since in country Z there are more people who consider “carrying out educational work” important compared to country Y.

The third judgment is correct, and we saw this during our own analysis of the diagram.

The fourth judgment is also correct; we also determined this during the analysis of the diagram and marked these positions as minimally identical.

The fifth proposition is not correct, this is clearly visible in the diagram. The indicators indicate the opposite result.

Right answers: 1, 3, 4.

Task No. 13

Choose the correct judgments about the state and its functions and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.

Environmental requirements established by the state form the basis of the country's environmental security.
The fundamental feature of any type of state is the implementation in it of the principle of separation of powers.
The state has a monopoly right to legally use coercion through law enforcement and security forces.
The external functions of the state include determining the general direction of the state's economic policy in accordance with the achieved level of economic development.
The state creates a regulatory and organizational basis for the effective and high-quality activities of government bodies.

Answer: ___________________________.

When completing task No. 13, it is important to remember the concept of “state”, its main features, external and internal functions. The first judgment directs us to such a feature of the state as the exclusive right for lawmaking. Therefore, the proposition “environmental requirements established by the state ( lawmaking), form the basis of the environmental security of countries” is correct. The second judgment is not correct, because the principle of separation of powers is implemented in a democratic state, and, therefore, this feature is not fundamental for any type of state.

The third proposition, “the state has the monopoly right to legally use coercion through the forces of law enforcement and security agencies,” essentially takes us to the most important feature of the state – the monopoly legal right to coercion. The fourth judgment is erroneous, since it reflects the most important internal function of the state “determining the general direction of the state’s economic policy.” The fifth judgment combines two features of the state: lawmaking and the system of bodies and mechanisms for exercising public power (we are talking about government bodies). We read: “the state creates normative And organizational basis for efficient and high-quality activities government agencies.

Right answers: 1, 3, 5 .

Task No. 14

Establish a correspondence between the issues and the subjects of state power of the Russian Federation, to whose jurisdiction these issues relate: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

To correctly complete task No. 14, you must have a good knowledge of the basics of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation and the functionality of all branches of government in the Russian Federation. First, you need to carefully look at which subjects of state power of the Russian Federation are indicated in the task. In our case, they are not named directly, but the levels are indicated: only the federal center and jointly the federal center and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Knowledge of the principles of the federal structure of the Russian Federation will come to the rescue. Remember that in a federation the principle of the integrity of the state, the unity of state power, and the division of powers is realized, which is what we are asked about. Previously, we saw the separation of powers when completing a task about taxes. You need to remember what is within the exclusive competence of federal bodies: all issues of international relations, defense and security, judicial system, federal property, etc.

The first competence – issues of ownership, use and disposal of land, subsoil, water and other natural resources are under joint jurisdiction A 2. Those. This is an issue on which the center and the subjects share responsibility in solving problems. Thus, it would be correct to include “implementation of measures to combat disasters” under the same position. AT 2. Federal funds for regional development implement the fundamentals of federal policy and federal programs, therefore B 1. Positions G and D fall within the exclusive competence of federal bodies, therefore G 1, D 1.

Task No. 15

In the democratic state Z, during the reform of the electoral system for parliamentary elections, a transition was made from a proportional electoral system to a majoritarian one.

Which of the following remained unchanged during this electoral reform? Write down the relevant numbers.

free and voluntary participation of citizens in elections
granting the right to vote to citizens over 18 years of age, regardless of nationality, gender, professional affiliation, level of education, income
secret voting procedure
voting in single-member constituencies
dependence of the number of deputy mandates received by a party on the number of votes
possibility of nominating independent non-party candidates

Answer: ___________________________.

Question No. 15 is related to the electoral process. Despite the fact that at the beginning of the question they explain to us the reform, during which there was a transition from a proportional electoral system to a majoritarian one. The essence of the question is not so much about the types of electoral systems and their reform, but about elections in general(topic “Political participation”). We need to remember the basic principles of elections in a democratic state: direct participation of citizens, universal, equal, direct suffrage, secret ballot, voluntary participation.

Accordingly, the first judgment is correct. The second judgment refers us to the principle of equality in suffrage, therefore it is also true. The third judgment is correct; one of the principles is also presented - secret voting.

The fourth judgment goes beyond the question: which of the following remained unchanged during this electoral reform? Voting in single-mandate constituencies sends us to the organization of the electoral process under a majoritarian system, as opposed to a proportional system, where the state acts as a single electoral district. This means that this judgment reflects a change in the electoral process. The answer is not correct in our case. The dependence of the number of deputy mandates received by a party on the number of votes also applies to the proportional electoral system, which is not true for our question. The sixth option also reflects the majoritarian electoral model.

Correct answer: 1, 2, 3 .

Task No. 16

Which of the following applies to the political rights (freedoms) of a citizen of the Russian Federation? Write it down numbers, under which they are indicated.

holding meetings and rallies
appeal to government agencies
payment of legally established taxes and fees
defense of the Fatherland
participation in the management of state affairs through their representatives

Answer: ___________________________.

Question No. 16 again takes us back to the basics of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation. Rights and freedoms of man and citizen. It is important to know four groups of rights and freedoms: personal (civil), political, socio-economic, cultural. Our assignment asks about political rights, which ensure the participation of citizens in the exercise of political power. Therefore, holding meetings and rallies is correct, appealing to government bodies is correct, participation in managing the affairs of the state through one’s representatives is correct. Payment of taxes and fees, protection of the Fatherland are among the constitutional responsibilities of a citizen, as well as compliance with the Constitution and laws of the Russian Federation, concern for the preservation of historical and cultural heritage, care for children and disabled parents.

Right answers: 1, 2, 5 .

Task No. 17

Choose the correct judgments about family law in the Russian Federation and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.

Family law regulates property and personal non-property relations between family members.
The marriage is suspended due to the civil registry office declaring one of the spouses dead.
Marriage takes place at the civil registry office (registry office).
The legal regime for the property of spouses is established only by a marriage contract.
Parents are required to provide maintenance for their minor children.

Answer: ___________________________.

Analyzing the materials of assignment No. 17, we highlight the basic concepts and norms related to family law. The first judgment will be correct, since it refers us to Article 2 of the Family Code. The key institution of family law is marriage concluded in the civil registry office (judgment 3), which gives rise to mutual rights and obligations of the spouses. The second judgment confuses us a little; it is known that in connection with the death of one of the spouses, the second spouse needs to come to the registry office to obtain a certificate about his death, and as a consequence of this, dissolution of marriage. Our assignment states: the marriage is suspended due to the civil registry office declaring one of the spouses dead. The answer is not correct. The fourth and fifth options take us to the property rights and responsibilities of spouses. The fifth option is correct, since the wording is at the intersection of constitutional obligations and family law norms: parents are obliged to provide maintenance to their minor children. But the fourth option is erroneous because of its wording: the legal regime of the spouses’ property is established only marriage contract. This is not true because Not only a marriage contract, and also the norms of family law, i.e. The legal regime of the spouses' property is regulated by family law and established by the marriage contract.

Right answers: 1, 3, 5 .

Task No. 18

Establish a correspondence between the examples and measures of legal liability in the Russian Federation: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Task No. 18 relates to legal liability. When completing the task, it is important to remember the types of legal liability: criminal, administrative, civil and disciplinary. A reprimand is a disciplinary sanction - A 2. A warning refers to a type of administrative penalty - B 3. Dismissal on appropriate grounds (for example, absenteeism, a single gross violation of labor duties, repeated failure by an employee to fulfill labor duties, etc.) – AT 2. Remark – disciplinary action, G 2. Imprisonment - criminal liability for committing a crime - D 1.

Task No. 19

Joint Stock Company “Sweet Charm” produces confectionery products. Find in the list the features that distinguish a joint stock company from other organizational and legal forms of enterprises. Write it down numbers, under which they are indicated.

division of the company's authorized capital into equal parts, each of which is represented by a security
mandatory conclusion of an employment contract with employees
obligation of employees to comply with labor discipline
distribution of profits between employees in accordance with their labor participation
bearing the risk of losses within the value of the securities owned by the participant
payment of dividends to owners at the end of the year

Answer: ___________________________.

To complete task No. 19, it is necessary to distinguish between the organizational and legal forms of enterprises. In our case, highlight the distinctive features of a joint stock company. We remember that joint stock companies, like limited liability companies, are classified as business entities. These are commercial organizations, i.e. the purpose of their activity is to make a profit. The authorized capital is divided into a certain number of shares. Participants can be citizens, legal entities and public legal entities. Therefore, answer option 1 – “dividing the authorized capital of the company into equal parts, each of which is represented by a security” will be correct. It is known that shareholders are not liable for the obligations of a joint-stock company, but bear the risk of losses from the company’s activities within the limits of the value of their shares. Therefore, option 5 – “bearing the risk of losses within the value of the securities owned by the participant” (share – security) will be correct, as well as answer 6 – “payment of dividends to the owners at the end of the year.” Judgments 2 and 3 – “mandatory conclusion of an employment contract with employees”, “obligation of employees to observe labor discipline” refer to general provisions of Labor Law. But “distribution of profits among workers in accordance with their labor participation” is a characteristic of such an organizational and legal form of an enterprise as a “production cooperative” (artel).

Right answers: 1, 5, 6 .

Task No. 20

Read the text below, in which a number of words are missing. Select from the list provided the words that need to be inserted in place of the gaps.

“A person who actively masters and purposefully transforms nature, society and himself is _________(A). This is a person with his own socially formed and individually expressed qualities: _________ (B), emotional-volitional, moral, etc. Their formation is due to the fact that the individual, together with other people _________ (B), learns and changes the world and himself. The process of this cognition in the course of assimilation and reproduction of social experience is at the same time a process of _________ (D).

Personality is defined as a special form of existence and development of social connections, a person’s relationship to the world and with the world, to himself and with himself. It is characterized by _________(D) to develop, expand the scope of its activities and is open to all influences of social life, to all experience. This is a person who has his own position in life, who shows independence of thought, and bears _________ (E) for his choice.”

The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word can only be used one once.

Select one word after another, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words in the list than you will need to fill in the blanks.

List of terms:

activity
intellectual
duty
everyday
responsibility
socialization
personality
pursuit
communication

The table below shows the letters representing the missing words. Write down the number of the word you chose in the table under each letter.

When completing task No. 20, I recommend that you first try to read the text and independently substitute words that, in your opinion, are suitable in meaning. This is how a semantic understanding of the content of the text is achieved. And when you read it again, select words from those on the list. You will have a situation of success when the words you selected coincide with those proposed from the list. So, we try to read, inserting words that are close in meaning, then select from those available in the task.

“A person who actively masters and purposefully transforms nature, society and himself is personality (A)(personality is a set of socially significant properties and qualities of a person. Where a personality is formed - in society. What a personality does is transform the world and himself). This is a person with his own socially formed and individually expressed qualities: intellectual (B), emotional-volitional, moral, etc. (in this case, socially significant qualities are listed). Their formation is due to the fact that the individual, together with other people, activities (B) cognizes and changes the world and himself (one of the definitions of activity is the conscious activity of a person, through which a person changes the world around him and changes himself; the process of human interaction with the world around him). The process of this cognition in the course of assimilation and reproduction of social experience is at the same time a process socialization (G).

Personality is defined as a special form of existence and development of social connections, a person’s relationship to the world and with the world, to himself and with himself. It is characterized desire (D) develop, expand the scope of its activities and is open to all the influences of social life, all experiences (again explained through the process of socialization, which lasts throughout a person’s life). This is a person who has his own position in life, who shows independence of thought, carries responsibility (E) for your choice (freedom and responsibility in human life).”

Part 2

Read the text and complete tasks 21–24.

In a broad sense, underemployment is a situation in which the work performed does not require the full use of the individual’s qualifications and professional training, does not meet his expectations and does not allow him to receive the salary that he could have had performing that work (and in that volume) , which I could claim...

Cyclical unemployment is associated with fluctuations in labor demand. A recession is a cyclical decline in business activity that causes people to lose their jobs until demand picks up again and business activity picks up. Seasonal unemployment occurs due to seasonal fluctuations in the demand for labor. It affects those involved in fishing, construction and agriculture. Those who change jobs and those who are not currently employed due to moving from one place to another are called functional (frictional) unemployed. Functional (frictional) unemployment is considered, although inevitable, but still an acceptable consequence of a healthy economy. It can be assumed that even with full employment, wage earners will move from place to place.

The structurally unemployed experience difficulties in obtaining work due to insufficient or becoming insufficient qualifications, discrimination based on gender, ethnicity, age or disability. Even during periods of high employment levels, unemployment remains disproportionately high among the structurally unemployed.

Unemployment is not just a lack of work... Although unemployment can be a creative, will-mobilizing experience, most people who go through it report experiencing despair, powerlessness and confusion, especially if they have been out of work for longer than a few weeks. For most people, hired work is the main, and often the only, means of meeting their material needs for food, clothing, and a roof over their heads. Research shows that those who do not like their jobs still prefer to keep it even when given the opportunity to live on other incomes. Although working conditions can cause adverse consequences, lack of work leads to no less problems: increased stress, family conflicts, and addiction to alcohol and drugs.

(K.H. Brier)

When starting to complete tasks on texts 21-24, you should initially read the text very carefully and highlight the main semantic fragments of the text. Work through the text with a pen to ensure maximum absorption of the content. I do not recommend that my students immediately read the question and randomly, during a quick reading, look for answers. Typically, this practice leads to incorrect answers and lower scores on the exam.

Task No. 21

How does the text indicate the effect of a recession on cyclical unemployment? What sectors of the economy, according to the author, are affected by seasonal unemployment? (Indicate all industries mentioned in the text.) How does the author explain the inevitability of functional (frictional) unemployment?

Answer: “A recession is a cyclical decline in business activity that causes people to lose their jobs until demand picks up again and business activity picks up.” Those. labor demand fluctuates.

Task No. 22

It is also better to complete task No. 22 in parts.

Answer: “underemployment is a situation in which the work performed does not require the full use of the individual’s qualifications and professional training, does not meet his expectations and does not allow him to receive the salary that he could have had performing that work (and in that volume) , which I could claim..."

Hypothesize why some workers accept underemployment (make two hypotheses). When completing this assignment, I recommend that students write each guess on a new line.

In our case, we can model the answer using the text. We do not provide examples because this is not specified in the assignment.

Answer: workers agree to part-time work because it is important for a person to feel significant and needed. Even part-time work gives a person a sense of stability, relieves social tension, and gives the opportunity to participate in public life.

Workers agree to part-time work because in a crisis, even such work can be the only source of income for their families, protection from social upheavals, and allows them to maintain their way of life.

Task No. 23

The author notes that “even during periods of high employment levels, disproportionately high unemployment remains among the structurally unemployed.” Using social science knowledge, explain the reason for this level of unemployment among these categories of citizens. Name any two measures to prevent discrimination against the categories of citizens indicated by the author, provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The author tells us the reasons for high unemployment among the structural unemployed: insufficient or insufficient qualifications, discrimination based on gender, ethnicity, age or disability. But the task also requires the use of social science knowledge. We recall that from the social studies course we know that structural unemployment is associated with the inability to employ people in certain professions and the discrepancy between supply and demand in the labor market.

Answer: A high level of structural unemployment, even during periods of high employment in the country, is usually associated with changes in production technologies and scientific and technological progress. Those. people of certain professions are no longer in demand in the labor market (examples are not required in the task, only an explanation of the problem).

Name any two measures to prevent discrimination against the categories of citizens indicated by the author, provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation. In this case, we are asked to turn to the norms of the Labor Law of the Russian Federation, since it regulates relations in the field of hired labor.

Answer: The Labor Code of the Russian Federation contains prohibitions on discrimination:

citizens of the Russian Federation have equal opportunities for employees to be promoted at work, taking into account labor productivity, qualifications and work experience in their specialty, as well as for training and additional professional education;
Restrictions on labor rights or receipt of advantages are prohibited depending on gender, race, skin color, nationality, language, origin, property, family, social and official status, age, place of residence, attitude to religion, beliefs, membership or non-membership of public associations or any social groups, as well as from other circumstances not related to the employee’s business qualities.

The guarantee of non-discrimination of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation provides for the right of a person who considers himself discriminated against in the sphere of labor to apply to the court for the restoration of violated rights, compensation for material damage and compensation for moral damage.

Task No. 24

Why, according to the author, does unemployment cause a state of despair and confusion in a person? Using social science knowledge and facts of social life, make two assumptions about how the mobilizing effect of the unemployed state on a person is manifested.

Using social science knowledge and facts of social life, make two assumptions about how the mobilizing effect of the unemployed state on a person is manifested (in this case, we must give examples, because the question says “facts of social life”).

Unemployment provides an incentive for retraining if the profession is in little demand in the labor market. A break in employment for retraining and improving the level of education. Citizen N, after registering with the Employment Center, was sent for vocational training as an electric and gas welder.
Unemployment provides an opportunity for self-employment. For example, after dismissal from his main job when an enterprise in Moscow was closed, citizen N moved to the Moscow region, submitted documents to the Moscow Employment Center, where he received advice on opening a farm, assistance in drawing up a business plan and one-time financial assistance.

Task No. 25

What meaning do social scientists give to the concept of “art”? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, compose two sentences: one sentence containing information about the types of art, and one sentence revealing the essence of the educational function of art.

Task No. 25 can be successfully completed only if you know the basic concepts of the course. Art is a form of culture that reflects the surrounding reality in artistic images. An artistic image can be expressed in different types of art: music, painting, architecture, sculpture, literature. Works of art have a great influence on the formation of a person’s personality.

Task No. 26

Name and illustrate with examples any three main responsibilities of an employer enshrined in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

In task No. 26, it is necessary to name and illustrate examples of any three main responsibilities of the employer enshrined in the Labor Code:

Ensure safety and working conditions in accordance with labor protection standards. At enterprise N, in order to improve the working conditions of workers, training sessions were held on injury prevention,
Pay wages in full on time. For delaying payment of wages, the management of enterprise Y was held accountable in the form of being forced to pay employees interest in addition to their wages.
Implement compulsory social insurance for employees. In the employment contract signed by citizen N with the company, a clause on compulsory social insurance of citizen N was included in the section of the employer’s responsibilities.

Task No. 27

A new political party was registered in State Z. It has central governing bodies and regional branches. The party proclaims as its basic principles traditionalism, stability, order, as well as the priority of the interests of the state, nation, and society over the interests of the individual. During the elections, the political party received the required number of votes and received seats in parliament. Determine the type of political party depending on its ideological affiliation. Give the fact that allowed you to draw this conclusion. Name any two other types of parties distinguished by this criterion, and briefly describe any one of them.

the party is registered;
central government bodies and regional branches (a sign indicating a mass party);
basic principles: traditionalism, stability, order, as well as the priority of the interests of the state, nation, society over the interests of the individual (a sign indicating ideological affiliation - conservative);
entered parliament after the elections (participates in government - a sign indicating the ruling party);

Now the questions: Determine the type of political party depending on its ideological affiliation.

Answer: Conservative Party.

Give the fact that allowed you to draw this conclusion.

Answer: Because it defends the principles of tradition and stability of development (traditionalism, stability, order, as well as the priority of the interests of the state, nation, society over the interests of the individual).

Name any two other types of parties distinguished by this criterion, and briefly describe any one of them.

Answer: According to their ideological orientation, liberal and socialist parties can be distinguished. Signs of the liberal party: inalienability of natural human rights, their priority over the interests of society and the state, political pluralism, free market economy.

Task No. 28

You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic “Types of families.” Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.

To write a plan for any social science topic, you must clearly understand the structure of studying the topic. Essentially, this task tests students' understanding of the structure of the topic. Therefore, writing a plan depends on the quality of assimilation of the topic material and understanding of its structure. In this case, the topic of the plan is “Types of families.”

The concept of family as a small group based on marriage or consanguinity.
Family functions (may not be indicated in this version of the plan)
Types of families according to the nature of relationships between members:

Traditional (patriarchal family), its features:
A) cohabitation of several generations;
B) male supremacy;
C) economic dependence of family members on men;
D) strict distribution of responsibilities
Partner (democratic) family:
A) nuclearity;
B) decision-making by all family members;
C) women’s economic independence;
D) fair distribution of household responsibilities

Types of families in relation to raising children:

Authoritarian;
Democratic;
Liberal (permissive)
Modern trends in family development

Task 29

Select one from the statements proposed below, reveal its meaning in the form of a mini-essay, indicating, if necessary, different aspects of the problem posed by the author (the topic raised).

When expressing your thoughts about the raised problem (designated topic), when arguing your point of view, use knowledge received while studying a social studies course, corresponding concepts, and data public life and one's own life experience.

(Give at least two examples from different sources for factual argumentation.)

29.1. Philosophy. “The privilege of fish, rats and wolves is to live by the law of supply and demand; the law of human life is justice.” (D. Ruskin)

29.2. Economy. “The types of businesses are different, but the business as a system remains the same regardless of its scale and structure, products, technologies and markets.” (P. Drucker)

29.3. Sociology, social psychology. “We need schools that not only teach, which is extremely important, that’s the most important thing, but schools that nurture the individual.” (V.V. Putin)

29.4. Political science. “The supreme power is worthy of veneration only insofar as it is the means of securing human rights.” (A. Custine)

29.5. Jurisprudence. “Protection of rights is a duty to society. He who defends his own right defends the right in general.” (R. Iering)

Exercise 29. 3. “We need schools that not only teach, which is extremely important, that’s the most important thing, but schools that nurture the individual.” (V.V. Putin)

When writing an essay, first of all, it is necessary to clearly understand the sphere of society to which the chosen topic relates. You should carefully read the proposed topics, analyze your “baggage of knowledge”, understand which of the topics you have clearer theoretical ideas on, which of the topics you can give the best examples that reveal the content of the topic.

In this case, we chose a topic from the section sociology, social psychology. We understand that the problem of the modern school and education system immediately arises. The eternal question: the tasks of education, training and education, what is more important? The issue of socialization is also touched upon - “schools that educate the individual.” I note that we cannot go into the concept of the topic of the spiritual sphere of society here, because we are writing an essay from another section. So, let's try to write.

What social order should the school fulfill - to give students only a high level of education? Or fulfill an equally important mission – personal development?

As is known from the course of social studies, education is a way of personality development through people’s acquisition of knowledge, acquisition of skills and abilities, development of creative abilities through a system of social institutions, the most important of which is school.

When we talk about a school as an institution that provides education, we understand that we are talking about a social institution that has a number of elements: these are educational standards and programs, operating principles, which include a network of educational institutions and governing bodies.

To improve the quality of education, the state is taking a number of measures: lengthening the duration of training, increasing the requirements for the level of qualifications of teachers, using the variability of educational programs, building individual educational trajectories for students, equipping schools with modern equipment, and introducing new forms of final certification.

As a result, we see school graduates demonstrating high scores on the Unified State Examination, which gives them the opportunity to take budget places in leading universities in the capital. According to the results of international studies presented by the Higher School of Economics, in which 49 countries took part, Russian primary school students occupy leading positions in the world in reading, mathematics and science. And also 8th grade math. According to researchers, this result was achieved thanks to the introduction of new educational standards and a unified state certification system.

But are educational results enough for society and individuals? The author of the quote clearly points us to the most important component of the educational process: the education of a person’s personality.

Based on the functions of education: economic, social and cultural, it becomes clear that it is in the cultural function - the use of previously accumulated culture for the purpose of educating a person and developing his creative abilities - that this problem manifests itself.

In addition to lessons, grades, exams, there is also a school life rich in events: class hours, school festivals, hikes, joint trips with classmates around Russia and to other countries.

In all this, the student learns to interact with other people, demonstrates his abilities and talents. It is in this atmosphere that the social function of education is realized. Through the socialization of the individual, the assimilation of social norms, statuses and roles.

As an example, we can cite our favorite film from childhood, “Eccentric from 5 B,” which vividly demonstrates how the school community and class shape Bori’s personality. How he learns responsibility when he is assigned as a 1st grade counselor.

Thus, V.V. In his statement, Putin once again emphasized the importance of society and school understanding the inseparability of the two most important processes associated with the socialization of the individual – education and upbringing.”

In addition to the main disciplines, schoolchildren can take additional ones, which they choose independently, and the results of which will be necessary for them for further admission. Social studies is one of these subjects.

In 2018, the social studies exam will not change structurally; the block with the test part will still be excluded.

The number of retake attempts has been increased to 3. This option is suitable for those students who have not achieved the passing number of points or are not satisfied with the exam results. This change is due to the need to create a more acceptable psychological atmosphere.

An important change in the project will be that now schoolchildren will speak more during the exam rather than write. A similar innovation will affect the humanities, in particular social studies. Time to take social studies test will be 235 minutes.

Very important changes await students regarding violations during the Unified State Examination. If the examinee is found to have things that are not allowed in the exam, then he gets the opportunity to retake it only the next year.

As for violations by teachers, a fine of from 20 to 40 thousand rubles.

In general, social studies is a fairly popular subject among graduates, since it is what is required in a number of prestigious universities.

Structure of Unified State Exam 2019 tasks in social studies

Structure of the Unified State Exam in Social Studies 2019 will be presented in two types of thematic tasks. The types differ in complexity and type of answers. A general description of the task structure is given below:

The first category includes questions that require one-word answers.
The second includes questions that require a detailed answer.
The last task is an essay on one of the proposed topics.

Essay in the Unified State Exam in Social Studies 2019

The most difficult task in the Unified State Exam in social studies is considered to be an essay. For correctly completing this task, the student can receive from three to five points. The most important thing when completing this task is to correctly structure the content of the text, and also try to avoid typical mistakes.

When writing this task, it is important to reveal the meaning of the selected statement. If the meaning is not revealed or is revealed incorrectly, then the answer is already assessed at zero points.

It is very important to provide the right arguments to support your arguments. If the student supported his arguments with actual examples, then he will definitely receive a good score for completing the task.

In order to cope with such a task, you need to remember essay plan:

The selected quote is provided.
The problem voiced by the author is determined and its relevance is justified.
The meaning of the quote is revealed.
Voice your own point of view.
Arguments of a theoretical nature are presented.
Theoretical arguments are supported by practical examples.
A conclusion is drawn up.

If you strictly adhere to such a plan, then all the requirements for writing an essay will be met and the grade for the essay will be high.

Categories of those taking the Unified State Exam in social studies

Some citizens cannot take the Unified State Exam. This is stipulated by Rosobrnadzor. The following persons are allowed to take the test:

Those who took the Unified State Exam in previous years, however, did not receive the required result.
Students who want to improve their results.
Schoolchildren who failed the test or earned a negative grade in a number of disciplines.

How to become a participant in the Unified State Exam 2019?

To get to the Unified State Exam, you will need to make an application at the place where the test is organized. The application contains a list of disciplines in which the exam will be held. Such documents can be submitted to the school reception office, to the municipal authority of the education where the Unified State Exam will be held, to the admissions committees of universities.

The deadline for submitting an application for children who want to pass the Unified State Exam early is: until February 1, and for those students who want to take the exam later – until December 1.

Early completion of the Unified State Examination in social studies in 2019

In social studies, it is necessary for those students who cannot pass the test in a timely manner. There are various reasons, ranging from conscription into the army, the Olympics and even ordinary relocation.

In such a situation, the exam is taken ahead of schedule and the undoubted advantage is that the student will not miss the established deadlines, will be able to pass the Unified State Exam and then submit documents to the university. There are also disadvantages to the early Unified State Examination. It is very difficult to prepare for the exam without interrupting your studies. Naturally, hasty preparation will not bring good results.

Additional information about the Unified State Exam 2019

You are allowed to bring a gel or capillary black pen and a passport to the Unified State Examination in Social Studies. The order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation outlines a list of subjects and aids that are allowed to be used on the Unified State Exam. In social studies, it is not allowed to use reference books, manuals, and collections.

According to this order, you cannot bring cell phones, tablets, or other electronic computing devices to social studies. It is prohibited to use methodological and reference aids that are not permitted during the exam.

If a student brings something similar to the Unified State Exam or commits actions that can be qualified as an attempt to cheat, he will be removed from the exam and a note about this will be made on the Unified State Exam answer form. A student will only be allowed to retake in a year.

The passing grade in social studies in 2017 was 42 points, there are no plans to change it in 2018. A point conversion scale is used for calculation.

If the exam rules are violated by the organizers, for example, less time is provided, then the examinee has the right to file an appeal. A complaint for this reason must be filed on the same day, after leaving the classroom.

Also, a similar right arises when the examinee does not agree with the total amount of points he earned. In such cases, the protest is filed within two working days from the moment of familiarization with the results of the Unified State Exam. You can also challenge the results if a technical failure occurred during the Unified State Examination examination.

If there were no violations on the part of the applicant, the organizers give the student the opportunity to retake the exam. If there were any violations, the student will be denied the complaint.

After the results are calculated and verified, the graduate receives a certificate of the established form, which indicates the results in all subjects, with the exception of those for which a sufficient number of points were not scored.

This certificate is required when submitting documents to universities and is valid for 4 years.

How to prepare for the 2019 Unified State Exam in social studies

To pass the Unified State Exam well, of course, you need to prepare. The preparation specification may vary. You can take online practice tests on the subject. It will also help a lot in preparation. demo version of the FIPI Unified State Exam in social studies 2019. And some will use regular textbooks.

Such benefits include the following:

If a student uses online tests to prepare for the Unified State Exam in social studies, then he can easily pass them using a computer and the Internet. The advantage of such preparation is that there is no need to attend any additional classes or lectures, just go to the official website and take the exam online. This type of preparation also has disadvantages; the student will not know the theory, but only single answers, which is unlikely to allow him to write an essay.

You can also use a service such as demo version of the Unified State Exam in social studies 2019. These are materials from previous exams posted on the FIPI website.

A very good way to prepare is to use demonstration materials. KIM Codifier Based on such materials, the same one was used that was used to compile the main tasks for the Unified State Exam. The use of such materials will help students become familiar with the procedure for passing the Unified State Exam, the basic rules, and also form a list of topics that need additional preparation.

It is very important for both children and their parents to remember that there is no need to be afraid of taking the Unified State Exam. To avoid unnecessary psychological stress and trauma, the teenager himself needs to correctly set goals and maintain a healthy diet and sleep, and parents try to create that comfortable microclimate that a teenager needs so much in a stressful situation, which, in essence, is the Unified State Exam.

Statistics for passing the Unified State Exam in social studies for past years

The share of participants who did not receive the minimum score in 2018 decreased by 3.8% compared to the previous year and amounted to 13.8%. The number of students who received the maximum score is up to 142, in 2016 there were only 59.

Exam Schedule

The early stage of passing the Unified State Exam in social studies in 2019 is being specified.

The main stage of passing the Unified State Exam in social studies in 2019 is being specified.

Russian language and mathematics. According to data from past years, almost half of graduates (49%) pass social studies. And this is not surprising, since the Unified State Exam in social studies is required for admission to all humanities specialties.

In essence, the subject of “social studies” includes information on various aspects of social life, studied within the framework of an entire class of humanities: economics, law, philosophy, sociology, political science and, to some extent, history.

The version of the KIM Unified State Exam in social studies has undergone minor changes. The developers revised the difficulty of tasks No. 28 and 29, which is why the maximum primary score for the entire test increased from 62 to 64.

Unified State Examination

Last year, in order to pass the Unified State Exam in social studies with at least a C, it was enough to score 19 primary points. They were given, for example, by correctly completing the first 13 tasks of the test.

It is not yet known exactly what will happen in 2019: we need to wait for the official order from Rosobrnadzor on the correspondence of the primary and test scores. Most likely it will appear in December. Considering that the maximum primary score has increased from 62 to 64, it is very likely that the minimum score may change slightly.

In the meantime, you can focus on these tables:

Structure of the Unified State Exam

In 2019, the Unified State Exam test in social studies consists of two parts, including 29 tasks.

Part 1: 20 tasks (No. 1–20) with a short answer (choose the correct answer from those proposed, establish a correspondence between the elements of two sets, insert the missing word in the text);
Part 2: 9 tasks (No. 21-29) with a detailed answer (answers to questions, mini-essays).

Preparation for the Unified State Exam

Pass Unified State Exam tests online for free without registration and SMS. The presented tests are identical in complexity and structure to the actual exams conducted in the corresponding years.

Download demo versions of the Unified State Exam in social studies, which will allow you to better prepare for the exam and pass it easier. All proposed tests have been developed and approved for preparation for the Unified State Exam by the Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements (FIPI). All official versions of the Unified State Exam are developed in the same FIPI.

The tasks you will see most likely will not appear on the exam, but there will be tasks similar to the demo ones on the same topic.

General Unified State Examination figures

Year	Minimum Unified State Examination score	Average score	Number of participants	Failed, %	Qty 100 points	Duration- Exam length, min.
2009	39
2010	39	56,38	444 219	3,9	34	210
2011	39	57,11	280 254	3,9	23	210
2012	39	55,2	478 561	5,3	86	210
2013	39	56,23	471 011	5,3	94	210
2014	39	55,4				235
2015	42	53,3				235
2016	42					235
2017	42					235
2018

The Unified State Examination in social studies is very popular among schoolchildren. The exam is considered easy: no calculations are required, no time-consuming calculations are required. This ease is deceptive, and passing the exam can be difficult for two reasons. Firstly, the social studies course consists of several sections that are only conditionally related to each other, so structuring the acquired knowledge can be difficult. Secondly, during the test you will have to quickly switch between different sections, which will require composure and the ability to concentrate.

Item Features

Social science is a discipline that includes a complex of sciences that are somehow related to society. These are sociology, psychology, social philosophy, history, history, cultural studies, political science, economics, jurisprudence, ethics, etc.

The training course is divided into several topics:

Human and society
Right
Policy
Economy
Social relations

You will be asked questions on all of these topics in the exam. Coping with assignments without preparation will be very difficult even for those who received good grades in social studies classes from fifth to eleventh grade. It is necessary to refresh your knowledge, remember definitions, systematize what you have learned. This requires studying theory in social science.

Exam

Each exam ticket contains four types of tasks:

with the need to choose one or more correct answers;
to identify the structural elements of concepts;
knowledge of terminology, definition of concepts;
to establish the correspondence of positions.

20 tasks require a short answer, 9 require a detailed answer. Graduates will also have to write an essay. When passing an exam, it is impossible to do without knowledge of theory.

Preparation for the Unified State Exam in Social Studies

During the preparation process, you will have to learn many terms and definitions by heart. You shouldn’t just mechanically cram the wording, facts, events, names proposed in the textbook. Try to understand the essence, and then it will be easier for you to remember the material.
Write everything you need to memorize in a special notebook.
Start with tasks that seem easy to you. You shouldn’t skip them - even if you are confident in yourself, it won’t hurt to brush up on your knowledge.
After that, move on to more complex topics. Study the theory, repeat the definitions several times, and then begin practical exercises. Finally, again make sure you remember the terminology exactly.
When doing practice tests, practice reading the questions carefully. Practice shows that misunderstanding of questions is one of the common causes of errors.
Experienced tutors recommend starting your preparation in December-January by studying economics. This section is small in volume.
After that, you should take on the most difficult thing - law. Practice shows that it is this section of social studies that causes the greatest difficulties for graduates. Spend more time studying law.
Social relations, man and society are relatively simple sections. You can tackle them last.
Ideally, theory studies should be completed in April. After this, give yourself a short rest and do the repetition. Make sure you remember all the wording and definitions, and can repeat all legal acts by heart.

Part C tasks:

Article 80.

Article 81.

Article 86.

Article 87.

C9.1 Philosophy

C9.2 Social psychology

C9.3 Economics

C9.4 Sociology

C9.5 Political Science

C9.6 Jurisprudence

Part C

Extract from the Family Code of the Russian Federation

Article 80.
1. Parents are obliged to support their minor children. The procedure and form for providing maintenance to minor children are determined by the parents independently.
Article 81.

2. The size of these shares may be reduced or increased by the court, taking into account the financial or family status of the parties and other noteworthy circumstances.
Article 86.
1. In the absence of an agreement and in the presence of exceptional circumstances (serious illness, injury to minor children or disabled adult children in need, the need to pay for outside care for them and other circumstances), each of the parents may be called by the court to participate in bearing additional expenses caused by these circumstances .
The procedure for the participation of parents in incurring additional expenses and the amount of these expenses are determined by the court based on the financial and marital status of the parents and children and other noteworthy interests of the parties in a fixed sum of money payable monthly.
2. The court has the right to oblige parents to participate both in the additional expenses actually incurred and in the additional expenses that need to be incurred in the future.
Article 87.
1. Able-bodied adult children are obliged to support and care for their disabled parents in need of help.
2. In the absence of an agreement on the payment of alimony, alimony for disabled parents in need of help is recovered from able-bodied adult children in court.
3. The amount of alimony collected from each of the children is determined by the court based on the financial and marital status of the parents and children and other noteworthy interests of the parties in a fixed sum of money payable monthly.

	Points
1) number of children;


OR The answer is incorrect.
Maximum score

	Points
1) serious illness of the child; 2) injury to children;
Three circumstances are correctly named.
Two circumstances are correctly named.
Only one circumstance is correctly named. OR The answer is incorrect.
Maximum score

	Points




OR The answer is incorrect.
Maximum score

	Points

Three explanations are given.
Two explanations are given.
One explanation has been given.
Wrong answer.
Maximum score

	Points



OR The answer is incorrect.
Maximum score

	Points




OR The answer is incorrect.
Maximum score

	Points
The correct answer must contain the following elements:


OR Only explanation given.
There is only one conclusion.
Maximum score

	Points
1) What is socialization?
The wording of the plan items is correct and reflects the content of the topic.
The structure of the response corresponds to a complex type plan. OR

Maximum score

Criteria for assessing the answer to task C9	Points

Preview:

Part C tasks:

Extract from the Family Code of the Russian Federation

Article 80.

Article 81.
1. In the absence of an agreement on the payment of alimony, alimony for minor children is collected by the court from their parents monthly in the amount of: for one child - one quarter, for two children - one third, for three or more children - half of the earnings and (or) other income of the parents .

Article 86.
1. In the absence of an agreement and in the presence of exceptional circumstances (serious illness, injury to minor children or disabled adult children in need, the need to pay for outside care for them and other circumstances), each of the parents may be called by the court to participate in bearing additional expenses caused by these circumstances .
The procedure for the participation of parents in incurring additional expenses and the amount of these expenses are determined by the court based on the financial and marital status of the parents and children and other noteworthy interests of the parties in a fixed sum of money payable monthly.

Article 87.
1. Able-bodied adult children are obliged to support and care for their disabled parents in need of help.
2. In the absence of an agreement on the payment of alimony, alimony for disabled parents in need of help is recovered from able-bodied adult children in court.
3. The amount of alimony collected from each of the children is determined by the court based on the financial and marital status of the parents and children and other noteworthy interests of the parties in a fixed sum of money payable monthly.

C1 Name any three circumstances established by law on which the amount of alimony for minor children, collected by the court in the absence of an agreement on the payment of alimony, depends.

C2 In the presence of which of the exceptional circumstances (in the absence of an agreement), according to the law, each of the parents can be ordered by the court to participate in bearing additional expenses for the maintenance of children?
List three exceptional circumstances.

C3 What aspects of the relationship between children and parents are regulated by each of the above articles of the Family Code? Based on your knowledge of the social science course, name any other aspect of relationships regulated by the Family Code.

C4 In some regions of Russia, local authorities apply moral measures, along with legal mechanisms, to citizens who evade paying alimony for the maintenance of minor children and disabled parents. Using knowledge from your social studies course, give three explanations for why moral enforcement might be effective in this case.

C5 What meaning do social scientists give to the concept of “political party”?
Using knowledge from your social studies course, write two sentences containing information about a political party.

C6 Give two manifestations of the inconsistency of social progress.
Illustrate each with an example.

C7 The graph below shows the ratio of average and minimum wages in country Z to the cost of living in 2002–2008. Draw conclusions about the relationship between a) the minimum wage and the cost of living; b) average salary with a living wage in 2002–2008. Explain why the current socio-economic situation in country Z is dangerous.

C8 You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic “Socialization of the individual.” Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

By completing task C9, you can demonstrate your knowledge and skills in the content that is more attractive to you. To this end, select only one of the statements below.

Choose one of the statements below and express your thoughts (your point of view, attitude) about the problem raised.
Provide the necessary arguments to justify your position.
When completing the task, use the knowledge gained from studying the social studies course, relevant concepts, as well as facts of social life and your own life experience.

C9.1 Philosophy

“Morality is not a list of actions and not a collection of rules that can be used like apothecary or culinary recipes” (D. Dewey).

C9.2 Social psychology
“Man is an actor and an accomplice in the general world process” (V.M. Bekhterev).

C9.3 Economics

“In business and in sports, too many people are afraid of competition. As a result, people avoid striving for success if it requires hard work, training and self-sacrifice” (K. Rockne).

C9.4 Sociology

“The best laws are born from customs” (J. Joubert).

C9.5 Political Science

“I am not involved in politics. “You know, it’s the same as saying: “I don’t care about life”” (J. Renard).

C9.6 Jurisprudence

“The universal law is freedom that ends where the freedom of another begins” (V. Hugo).

Evaluation system for examination work in social studies

Part C

Extract from the Family Code of the Russian Federation

Article 80.
1. Parents are obliged to support their minor children. The procedure and form for providing maintenance to minor children are determined by the parents independently.
Article 81.
1. In the absence of an agreement on the payment of alimony, alimony for minor children is collected by the court from their parents monthly in the amount of: for one child - one quarter, for two children - one third, for three or more children - half of the earnings and (or) other income of the parents .

C1 Name any three circumstances established by law on which the amount of alimony for minor children, collected by the court in the absence of an agreement on the payment of alimony, depends.

	Points
The correct answer must name three circumstances established by law: 1) number of children; 2) financial situation of the parties; 3) marital status of the parties.
Three circumstances are correctly named.
Two circumstances are correctly named.
Only one circumstance is correctly named. OR The answer is incorrect.
Maximum score

	Points
The correct answer may include the following circumstances: 1) serious illness of the child; 2) injury to children; 3) the need to pay for outside care.
Three circumstances are correctly named.
Two circumstances are correctly named.
Only one circumstance is correctly named. OR The answer is incorrect.
Maximum score

	Points
The correct answer must contain the following elements: 1) the aspects of the relationship between children and parents that are regulated by each of the above articles are indicated, for example: – obligations of parents for the maintenance of minor children (Article 80); – the amount of alimony collected from minor children in court (Article 81); – participation of parents in additional expenses for children (Article 86); – obligations of adult children to support their parents (Article 87). 2) any other aspect regulated by the Family Code, for example: – conclusion and termination of marriage; – forms of raising children left without parental care, etc. Any other aspect of the relationship between parents and children, regulated by the Family Code, can be named.
The aspects of each of the four articles cited and any other aspect are correctly named.
Only three or four aspects are correctly named.
Two aspects are correctly named.
Only one aspect is correctly named. OR The answer is incorrect.
Maximum score

	Points
The correct answer may include the following explanations: 1) The attitude of society towards such actions is demonstrated; this helps to reinforce the moral standard that requires support from both parents for young children. 2) Such measures can affect the conscience of a citizen, perhaps he will become ashamed and he will reconsider his attitude towards fulfilling the responsibilities of supporting minor children and disabled parents. 3) Such measures can serve as a kind of warning to other defaulters and they, in order to avoid negative public opinion, will begin to fulfill their obligations. Other explanations may be given.
Three explanations are given.
Two explanations are given.
One explanation has been given.
Wrong answer.
Maximum score

	Points
The correct answer must contain the following elements: 1) the meaning of the concept, for example: “A political party is a voluntary and sustainable organization of like-minded people that expresses the political interests of a certain social stratum, linking their achievement with state power”; Another definition that is similar in meaning may be given. 2) two sentences containing information about the political party, for example: – “A political party has a program that determines its goal, strategy and tactics”; “Based on ideological grounds, liberal, conservative, socialist, communist, and nationalist political parties are distinguished.” Any other sentences that contain correct information about the political party can be made.
The meaning of the concept is revealed and two sentences are composed containing information about the corresponding social object.
The meaning of the concept is revealed and one sentence is compiled containing information about the corresponding social object. OR The meaning of the concept is not explicitly disclosed, but is presented in two composed sentences, indicating that the graduate knows the social science content of this concept.
When revealing the meaning of the concept, the sentences are not composed, i.e. does not demonstrate verifiable ability to use the concept in the correct context. OR The proposals were compiled without the use of social science knowledge. OR Social science knowledge in the composed sentences is not involved in the context of the concept under consideration. OR The meaning of the concept is not explicitly disclosed; one sentence is compiled containing information about the corresponding social object. OR The answer is incorrect.
Maximum score

	Points
The answer should indicate manifestations of the inconsistency of social progress and provide relevant examples, for example: 1) progress in some areas dooms other areas to stagnation (during the period of industrialization in the 30s of the twentieth century, the USSR made a huge breakthrough in the development of industry, but this was achieved by reducing the standard of living, primarily of the rural population); 2) the fruits of scientific progress can be used both for the benefit of society and create new threats to it (discoveries in the field of nuclear physics led to new achievements in the field of energy and the creation of nuclear weapons); 3) an obvious achievement today may result in negative consequences in the future (plowing virgin lands in the USSR initially led to an increase in grain harvest, and after a while soil erosion began) Other manifestations may be indicated and other examples given.
Two manifestations of the inconsistency of progress are indicated, and corresponding examples are given.
One manifestation of the inconsistency of progress is indicated, one or two example(s) are given. OR Two manifestations are indicated, one example is given.
Only one or two manifestations of the inconsistency of progress are indicated.
Only examples are given that do not illustrate the position. OR The answer is incorrect.
Maximum score

	Points
The correct answer must contain the following elements: 1) conclusions from the given data, for example: – Minimum wage in 2002–2008. was below the subsistence level, i.e. did not provide satisfaction of basic human needs. – Average salary in 2002–2008. slightly exceeded the subsistence level, i.e. made it possible to satisfy an extremely limited set of human needs. Other conclusions may be drawn. 2) explanation, for example: such a situation (poverty) slows down economic development and creates preconditions for social conflicts. Another explanation may be given.
Two valid conclusions are made and an explanation is given.
One valid conclusion is made and an explanation is given.
Only two valid conclusions have been made. OR Only explanation given.
There is only one conclusion. OR General considerations are given out of context
Maximum score

	Points
When analyzing the answer, the following are taken into account: – the correctness of the wording of the plan items in terms of their compliance with the given topic; – compliance of the structure of the proposed answer with a plan of a complex type. One of the options for a plan for covering this topic: 1) What is socialization? 2) Types of activities that influence the socialization of the individual. 3) Socialization throughout life a) from infancy to youth b) mastering new social roles in adulthood c) does socialization continue in old age? 4) Institutes (agents) of socialization: a) the importance of family in primary socialization; b) the role of education in the socialization of the individual; c) what experience do peers share; d) The media as agents of socialization. 5) The importance of socialization for the individual A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan is possible. They can be presented in nominal, question or mixed forms.

Individual points of the plan do not reflect the content of the topic. The structure of the response corresponds to a complex type plan. OR The wording of the plan items reflects the content of the topic. The structure of the answer does not fully correspond to the plan of a complex type (there is no specification of individual points)
The plan in terms of content and structure does not reveal the proposed topic.
Maximum score

Criteria for assessing the answer to task C9

Criteria for assessing the answer to task C9	Points
K1 - Revealing the meaning of the statement
The meaning of the statement is revealed OR the content of the answer gives an idea of its understanding
The meaning of the statement is not revealed, the content of the answer does not give an idea of its understanding.
K2 - Presentation and explanation of the graduate’s own position
The graduate’s own position is presented and explained.
The graduate’s own position is presented without explanation (simple agreement or disagreement with the judgment of the author of the statement). OR The graduate's own position is not presented.
K3 - Nature and level of judgments and arguments presented
Judgments and arguments are revealed based on theoretical principles, conclusions and factual material. During the discussion, various aspects of the problem are revealed.
When revealing several aspects of a problem (topic), judgments and arguments are presented based on theoretical principles and conclusions, but without using factual material. OR One aspect of the problem (topic) is revealed and an argument is given based on theoretical principles and factual material. OR When revealing several aspects of a problem (topic), judgments and arguments are given based on factual material, but without theoretical conclusions. OR Several aspects of the problem are revealed with a lack of theoretical or factual argumentation.
Several aspects of the problem (topic) are listed without argumentation. OR Only one aspect of the problem (topic) is touched upon, only factual or only theoretical argumentation is given.
Only one aspect of the problem (topic) is touched upon without argumentation. OR Arguments and judgments do not correspond to the thesis being substantiated