Foods that can not be eaten with gallstone disease. What not to eat with gallstone disease. Simple diet rules for gallstone disease

Gallstone disease (calculous cholecystitis, cholelithiasis) is characterized by the formation of stones in the gallbladder and ducts and inflammation of their mucous membranes. According to statistics, the risk of such a disease in women is much higher than in men.

However, in men, stones (calculi) in the gallbladder are also quite common. Doctors say that every tenth man suffers from this disease. Stones can be cholesterol (the most common type), calcareous, pigment and combined types.

The period of the asymptomatic course of this disease can be very long, when the stones in the gallbladder reach a large size, discomfort begins to appear.

The main reasons for the appearance of stones are chronic infectious diseases, poor nutrition, changes in the structure of bile in women under the influence of hormonal levels, and genetic predisposition.

GSD is often accompanied by disturbances in the digestive tract (for example, nausea, constipation and loose stools, bitterness in the mouth). Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the gallbladder can cause an increase in body temperature. Large stones in the gallbladder cause pain in the right hypochondrium. Calculous cholecystitis leads to the appearance of yellowness of the skin and sclera of the eyes (in case of blockage of bile ducts by stones).

An attack can be triggered by stress, hypothermia, physical exertion. Symptoms worsen 2-4 hours after eating fried, smoked or fatty foods, as well as foods with hot peppers, vinegar and other seasonings.

Possible complications of calculous cholecystitis:

transition to chronic and acute pancreatitis;
bilious peritonitis;
gangrene of the gallbladder;

Treatment Methods

The diet for cholelithiasis gives excellent results and often avoids surgical intervention. With medical and surgical treatment, a diet is also necessary.

Drug therapy often consists of the following means:

Antispasmodics reduce pain in stomach cramps.
Antibiotics are prescribed if there is a bacterial infection.
Hepatoprotectors protect the liver from damage caused by congested bile.

In case of ineffective conservative treatment or an acute attack of gallstone disease, surgical methods are used to remove the gallbladder. The basis of dietary nutrition is table number 5 according to Pevzner.

Nutrition for cholelithiasis is a fundamental factor for recovery, regardless of the stage of the process. To reduce the likelihood of an attack, it is necessary to exclude prohibited foods from the daily diet. A sample menu should be recommended by a doctor.

How to eat with gallstone disease

With such a disease, dietary restrictions must be adhered to throughout life. The diet varies depending on the stage of the disease. During an exacerbation, many dishes that can be eaten during remission are excluded.

Basic nutrition rules

All dishes must be boiled or steamed. Fried and smoked are completely excluded. With an exacerbation of the disease, only grated dishes can be consumed. It is important to eat often, but in small portions (5-6 times a day). Don't eat right before bed. Doctors recommend not to rush while eating, to chew food thoroughly.

What products are allowed?

Meat. You can eat chicken, rabbit and lean beef. Low-fat river fish are also allowed. Sausages, fatty pork and smoked meats are banned. In the acute period of the disease, broths and meat are completely excluded.
Eggs. With calculous cholecystitis, eggs can only be eaten boiled. Steamed protein omelettes can also be included in the diet.
Fats. Preference should be given to fats of vegetable origin. Butter is permissible only during the period of remission in a limited amount.
Flour products. The diet includes biscuit cookies and rye flour bread. Muffins, fried pies and white flour bread must be abstained from.
Cereals and pasta. You can eat almost any cereal. Under the ban are pasta made from flour of the highest grade.
Soups. The first dishes are cooked on vegetable broths. Pork broth soups are strictly prohibited.
Dairy products. You can eat low-fat cottage cheese, kefir, milk. From salty and smoked cheeses, fatty milk should be abandoned.
Fruits and vegetables. Doctors in the period of remission are allowed to eat almost all fruits and vegetables. The exceptions are parsley, spinach, sorrel, unripe and sour fruits.
The drinks. It is necessary to consume at least 2 liters of water per day. You can drink tea, compotes, juices. Alcohol, coffee and carbonated drinks should not be consumed.
When cooking, do not use pepper, vinegar, mustard.

Honey for calculous cholecystitis

With this disease, honey can be used as sweets, but in limited quantities. The healing properties of honey have long been known - it contains a large amount of useful substances. But, it should be borne in mind that allergic reactions to it are a fairly common phenomenon.

Traditional medicine offers several recipes for honey treatment:

Honey with warm water (taken 2-3 times a day).
As a choleretic agent, an infusion of herbs (clover, hops, valerian) with honey is used.
Traditional healers recommend black radish juice mixed with honey as a prophylaxis, as well as for the treatment of cholecystitis, pancreatitis and other diseases. It is necessary to mix a glass of radish juice and honey and take 1 tablespoon several times a day.

Before using any folk remedy, it makes sense to consult a doctor.

Can you drink coffee?

Coffee (especially an instant drink) can trigger an attack.

If a person has a whole "bouquet" of diseases (cholecystitis, chronic pancreatitis, disruption of the liver, intestines and other organs), it is advisable to completely refuse coffee.

Vegetables and fruits for gallstones

Many vegetables and fruits, such as strawberries, traditional medicine recommends even for medicinal purposes. Healers claim that strawberry juice drunk on an empty stomach (4-6 tablespoons) can cure stones in the gallbladder. In addition, strawberries help lower cholesterol levels. Melons, avocados, watermelons, apples, bananas are also allowed. All sour fruits must be excluded.

Healthy vegetables include beets, ripe tomatoes, zucchini, pumpkin, potatoes. Cabbage should be used with caution, give preference to the product in baked and boiled form. Sour tomatoes should not be eaten. Some doctors advise when cooking to remove the skin from the tomato and use only the pulp.

The reasons for the development of gallstone disease are called poor nutrition, metabolic disorders, infection, bile stasis, and genetic predisposition. When these factors interact, the physicochemical characteristics of bile change, it becomes lithogenic (capable of forming stones).

Stones are formed due to the fact that there are not enough bile acids that retain cholesterol, as a result, cholesterol precipitates and calculus formation begins. Undissolved cholesterol joins the formed stone and the calculus gradually increases (by 1-4 mm per year). When the stone moves, the patient feels pain.

Nutrition is important in the development of pathology (lack of a meal schedule, high energy value of dishes, eating food with "bad" cholesterol), so the diet during exacerbation of cholelithiasis is an important component of therapy. Therapeutic nutrition accelerates the recovery of impaired functions of the hepatobiliary system.

If during the study stones were found in the gallbladder, then the patient should refuse to eat food, which includes “bad” cholesterol, a lot of fats and carbohydrates, and you also need to adhere to the meal schedule. In the early stages of the disease, a therapeutic diet can completely correct the physicochemical parameters of bile and prevent the growth of calculi, and medicines can dissolve stones.

Even if the disease is running, then adhering to a diet can minimize the risk of a stone entering the ducts (biliary colic). In case of violation of the functions of the hepatobiliary system, a dietary table N o 5 and its variations are prescribed. What kind of diet will be recommended for cholelithiasis (GSD) depends on the stage of the disease and the composition of the stones.

Cholesterol stones, as a rule, appear in people who overeat, consume a lot of animal fats, in particular, fatty meats, eggs, caviar. Foods high in cholesterol, spicy and fatty foods should be excluded from the diet, the use of vegetable oils is limited (but not excluded), since they have choleretic properties and can exacerbate cholelithiasis.

For gallstone disease, dietary recommendations are as follows:

limit the intake of fats to 70–80 g (of which 75% should be of animal origin) and carbohydrates to 350–400 g;
eat a lot of vegetables and fruits, as it is necessary to increase the amount of dietary fiber in the diet;
add foods rich in magnesium salts to the diet;
use alkaline mineral waters ("Borjomi", "Polyana Kvasova", "Essentuki") so that the cholesterol in the bile is in dissolved form;
adhere to fractional nutrition (eat every 3 hours in small portions so that bile is released evenly);
exclude alcohol;
if there is obesity, then it is necessary to adhere to a hypocaloric diet, since weight loss improves the functions of all body systems;
to eliminate the lithogenicity of bile, it is necessary to take chenodeoxycholic and ursodeoxycholic acid for a long time.

At the initial stage of the development of the disease, there are no restrictions on the use of any products, but it is recommended to eat food at regular intervals in order to stimulate the separation of the liver secretion and the contraction of the gallbladder.

During the period of remission, a moderate sparing of the hepatobiliary system is required, therefore, a dietary table N o 5 is prescribed. This therapeutic diet replenishes the physiological needs of the body in chemical elements, therefore it can be recommended for a long period of time. A patient can consume no more than 2400-2600 kcal per day. The diet should be limited to 80 g of protein, 80 g of fat and 400 g of carbohydrates, salt should not exceed 10 g.

All dishes are cooked in a double boiler or boiled

In case of illness, it is necessary to ensure that there is a regular moderate outflow of bile, which means that you need to adhere to fractional nutrition, avoid foods that stimulate bile secretion, as well as containing cholesterol.

What foods are allowed and prohibited for calculous cholecystitis

products containing fiber. The most fiber-rich vegetables (cabbage, green peas, asparagus, carrots, corn, pumpkin), fruits (bananas, peaches, pears, apples), dried fruits (prunes, dried apricots, dates), nuts (almonds, cashews), cereals (buckwheat , oatmeal, white rice), bran, legumes;
salads dressed with unrefined vegetable oil (olive, sunflower, linseed). Oil promotes bile secretion and prevents the development of fatty hepatosis;
dairy products. Kefir, fermented baked milk, curdled milk help to increase the pH of the liver secretion;
cereals with a high content of magnesium (buckwheat, millet, barley, oats). They improve the work of the cardiovascular, endocrine, digestive systems, help to absorb B vitamins, which are necessary for the liver to work. Magnesium improves the condition of blood vessels and blood flow, therefore, prevents vasospasm. A lot of magnesium in sesame, bran, cocoa, halva, soy, pistachios, seeds;
protein products (low-fat varieties of fish, cottage cheese, chicken protein) and vegetable oil, since they contribute to the synthesis of endogenous bile acids, which do not allow cholesterol to crystallize;
foods rich in vitamin A (milk, cottage cheese, cream, sour cream, butter). Retinol normalizes metabolism in the body, strengthens the immune system, accelerates tissue regeneration;
products with lecithin (butter, sour cream, cream). They prevent the crystallization of cholesterol;
free liquid at least 2 liters. It prevents stagnation of bile and affects its consistency.

A magnesium diet is recommended if cholelithiasis provokes constipation or there are stagnant processes in the gallbladder

At the heart of medical nutrition with a high content of magnesium is the dietary table No. 5, to which the consumption of a large amount of food rich in magnesium is additionally prescribed. The trace element stimulates bile secretion, enhances the motor activity of the gallbladder and intestines, which accelerates the excretion of cholesterol.

A magnesium diet is contraindicated for inflammation in the tissues of the stomach and intestines, in which fermentation is increased and diarrhea occurs, and it cannot be observed during an exacerbation.

In diseases of the liver and gallbladder, it is required to limit the use of:

products containing essential oils (citrus fruits, garlic, onions, parsley, dill, celery);
dishes with a high content of extractive substances (broth, cabbage-based decoction, crust formed during roasting meat, tea);
rich, puff, shortcrust pastry;
fatty meat and offal that contain a lot of cholesterol, as well as all fried foods;
alcohol;
easily digestible carbohydrates (jam, sugar, confectionery, sweets, honey).

With cholelithiasis, biliary colic is likely, which can be triggered by negative emotions, the use of fatty foods, spices, spicy seasonings, so you need to follow the diet and eat only permitted foods.

Nutrition during an exacerbation of the disease

If the disease has worsened, then a more strict diet is required, which must be followed until the disappearance of clinical manifestations (pain, nausea, vomiting, stool disorders). The diet for cholelithiasis during the period of exacerbation on the first day recommends giving up food in order to provide functional rest to the inflamed gallbladder. It is allowed to drink weak tea, rosehip broth, juices diluted in equal proportions with water.

48-72 hours after the onset of the exacerbation, the patient is transferred to the N o 5B diet, which provides mechanical and chemical sparing. According to the recommendations, the patient should limit the intake of carbohydrates to 200 g and protein to 80 g. Salt should not be added to dishes and they should be served pureed (it is better to cook meat souffle, mucous soups, mashed potatoes).

The treatment table is prescribed taking into account concomitant diseases and the stage of pathology

You need to eat in small portions at least 5 times a day. The daily diet should not exceed 1600 kcal. You need to drink about 2-2.5 liters of free fluid per day. With an exacerbation of gallstone disease, the first five days, the diet should consist of the following dishes:

slimy soups made from oatmeal, rice or semolina prepared without adding oil;
liquid pureed cereals (rice, oatmeal). Porridge can be cooked in milk;
jelly, vegetable juices and compotes (fruits must be grated);
low-fat cottage cheese;
boiled fish and meat;
crackers or yesterday's wheat bread.

The diet is not complete, so you can’t stick to it for a long time. On the 5th-8th day after the onset of the exacerbation, the patient is transferred to the dietary table N o 5A, which is recommended until the onset of remission. Diet N o 5A with an exacerbation of gallstone disease allows you to use:

stewed and boiled vegetables;
porridge cooked in water;
pasta;
milk soups and soups with vegetable broth, borscht;
milk, cottage cheese, low-fat sour cream;
lean meat and fish (stewed or boiled);
marshmallow, honey, marmalade, marshmallows;
non-acidic berries and fruits;
greens (with the exception of spinach and sorrel);
juices from pomegranate, blueberry, quince, bird cherry;
salads with vegetable oil (oil after heat treatment should not be consumed);
weak tea, coffee with milk.

After the disease subsides, the patient should again adhere to the basic diet N o 5

It is impossible to eat fatty meats and fish, dishes with seasonings and spices, fresh pastries, cakes, muffins, chocolate, vegetables with coarse fiber (white cabbage, radish, radish) and essential oils (garlic, fresh onions), pies, caviar, offal.

In cholelithiasis, pathological processes affect not only the liver and gallbladder, but also other organs of the digestive system, especially the stomach, intestines, pancreas, therefore, therapeutic nutrition is recommended taking into account the secondary disease. So, with the development of pancreatitis, the N o 5P diet is shown, which involves an even greater restriction of fats and carbohydrates and is designed to stimulate the pancreas.

Unlike the diet prescribed for cholelithiasis, it limits the intake of dietary fiber. Depending on the concomitant disease, a dietary table N o 5A or N o 5B may be prescribed. Both diets involve the exclusion from the diet of "bad" cholesterol, dietary fiber, essential oils or extractives, and do not recommend eating foods that promote fermentation processes.

These tables require everything to be consumed in a pureed or chopped form, and vegetables and fruits, meat and fish must be cooked (boiled or baked). Diets differ in calorie content and proportion of proteins, fats and carbohydrates.

If gallstone disease is not amenable to conservative treatment, then gallbladder removal is prescribed.

After the operation, a diet of N o 5Sch or N o 5G is indicated. With the treatment table No. 5Sh, the intensity of bile secretion decreases, and with the diet No. o 5G, the bile separation increases due to the introduction of complete proteins and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The diet during exacerbation of gallstone disease provides sparing of the digestive system and relieves the burden on the gallbladder, thereby reducing the severity of the pain syndrome and improving the condition of the inflamed organ.

Dietary nutrition should be followed for a long time, since eating heavy foods (fatty, fried, spicy) can lead to an exacerbation of the disease and the movement of stones. In addition to a therapeutic diet, patients are prescribed long-term drug therapy, which contributes to the dissolution of cholesterol stones, but if the patient does not begin to adhere to a healthy diet, then there is a high probability of the formation of new stones.

Gallstone disease is associated with the formation of salts, and then stones in the gallbladder and ducts. The disease lasts for years, is accompanied by attacks of biliary colic during exacerbations, but may be asymptomatic. It often occurs in overweight people who avoid movements and sports hobbies.

A diet for cholelithiasis is included in the mandatory general complex of therapeutic measures. It is designed to slow down the formation of stones, protect the digestive organs from disorders that have arisen.

Nutrition for cholelithiasis during an acute attack and during remission is somewhat different in terms of a set of products. The daily menu is based on the model of table number 5, recommended for patients with diseases of the liver, gallbladder, pancreas.

General Diet Requirements #5

The organization of therapeutic nutrition will require compliance with certain rules and sacrifices (in terms of cooking methods).

Categorical prohibitions of diet No. 5

The diet for cholelithiasis provides tasty and nutritious food, despite the ban: fatty meat and fish dishes, fried meat and vegetable products, canned food, sausages, lard, saturated broths, fatty dairy products, cream confectionery, pastries, vegetables, having essential oils (garlic, onion, radish, spinach, sorrel), mushrooms in all forms, marinades and pickles, hot sauces, mayonnaise, strong coffee and tea, carbonated drinks and alcohol. Diet number 5 does not allow the use of chocolate, legumes.

Sugar, honey, grapes, pasta are limited on the menu for obese people.

Lean meats can be boiled, baked or steamed. Suitable chicken, veal, beef (duck is considered too fatty). The preparation of meatballs, meatballs, omelettes is welcome.

In case of cholelithiasis, cereals (buckwheat, oatmeal, millet) are recommended, except for rice and semolina. Dairy products are only fat-free (cottage cheese, kefir). No more than one egg per day (some authors exclude yolks because of their high cholesterol content, others write that they contain high-density lipoproteins, they are even useful). Vegetable hodgepodges, salads, seasoned with vegetable oil (linseed, milk thistle, olive oil). Dried fruit compote, rosehip decoction.

Bread can be used both rye and wheat, but dried, dry biscuits.

For overweight people, it is suggested in diet 5 to replace sugar with xylitol or sorbitol.

In the menu for proper nutrition, patients with cholelithiasis can include stewed fruits, fresh juices diluted in half, vermicelli, fresh tomatoes are allowed.

Nutrition during an exacerbation

During the period of exacerbation of cholelithiasis, diet No. 5a is recommended. It is not too different from No. 5, but provides only chopped dishes, pureed vegetables, scrambled eggs, jelly, liquid cereals on the water. This is necessary to maximize the facilitation of the digestive system. With cholelithiasis, the entire process of digestion of food is disrupted, and other organs suffer.

Diet 5a lasts no more than three weeks. Then they move to table number 5.

The rules in nutrition for cholelithiasis must be observed along with drug therapy.

The essence of the diet for gallstone disease

Allowed and prohibited foods The diet for patients with gallstone disease completely excludes from the diet:

fresh white bread;
sweet dough;
fried pies;
sausages, smoked meats;
meat broths;
parsley, sorrel, spinach, unripe fruits with a sour taste;
fatty meat and dairy products alcohol, coffee, carbonated drinks.

black rye bread;
white crackers;
butter;
chicken eggs;
meat or fish of low-fat varieties (rabbit, chicken, beef, river fish);
rice, buckwheat, semolina, millet, oatmeal;
fruit compotes, kissels, mousses, puddings, tea.

To prepare soups, you should use not meat, but vegetable broth, since a decoction of meat can provoke a contraction of the gallbladder and the movement of stones, which is fraught with blockage of the ducts. Patients with cholelithiasis should minimize the intake of pasta. In vegetables and fruits, the diet almost does not imply restrictions. Dairy products are useful for gallstones, but they should be defatted.

Cook food for the patient in vegetable oil, excluding animal fats. With cholelithiasis, it is allowed to add a little butter to soup or porridge, it is easily absorbed by the stomach. The patient is allowed to eat boiled eggs, but do not abuse them (3-4 pieces per week).

The diet allows you to drink freshly squeezed juices, fruit compotes, weak tea. With gallstone disease and other diseases of the gallbladder, give up alcoholic beverages, coffee, carbonated water. A properly formulated diet will be the best prevention of the development of the disease.

Stages of the disease

There are three stages in the course of gallstone disease.

Chemical. At this time, there is a violation of the production of normal bile by the gallbladder. As a result, a large amount of cholesterol and a small amount of phospholipids and bile acids appear in its composition. If the disease is not detected at this stage and appropriate treatment methods are not adopted, including diet, then solid flakes and crystals form from pathogenic bile. These processes can last for many years, stones begin to form and the second stage begins.

Stone carrying (asymptomatic or latent). This period is characterized by stagnation of bile and active stone formation, most often occurring against the background of inflammation of the gallbladder mucosa and inflammation of its walls. During the studies, “silent” stones are diagnosed. The duration of this stage can be 11 years, when a person does not feel obvious anxiety.

Calculous (clinical) or the period when the formed stones manifest themselves in the form of pain symptoms (pain in the right hypochondrium, hepatic colic) and feelings of malaise (bitterness in the mouth, belching, flatulence, bloating, etc.). The course of the disease at this stage can be different - acute, prolonged with periodic exacerbations, sluggish. It all depends on the size of the stones and their location. But in any case, it cannot be ignored.

Along with medical methods (drug therapy, surgery), a diet is recommended to alleviate the condition and prevent complications and for the general treatment of gallstone disease.

Therapeutic nutrition for gallstone disease

Nutrition for gallstone disease has a number of features. The most important thing is to accustom yourself to eat fractionally. It is recommended to eat small meals (handful size) 5-6 times a day. Such a diet will contribute to a good outflow of bile, it will not stagnate in the gallbladder and form new stones. Patients with gallstone disease need to chew their food thoroughly.

Make sure your stomach is empty before going to bed, eat your last meal at least 2 hours before bedtime. Completely replace fried and spicy dishes with boiled, stewed or baked. When following a diet, try not to spice dishes with hot spices - hot pepper, horseradish, mustard. Pickled and smoked snacks are a dangerous food for patients with gallstone disease. Cook soups and main dishes without adding fried onions, carrots, flour. When frying, vegetables form fatty acids that negatively affect the mucous membranes. To prevent an aggravation of the disease, do not eat very hot and very cold food.

Only the correct composition of bile can prevent further stone formation and the development of gallstone disease. And for its normalization, it is extremely important for the patient to eat foods with a high content of proteins - meat, dairy products, eggs. If desired, add cottage cheese, mild hard cheese, lean meat, river fish, buckwheat, millet, oatmeal, soybeans, seaweed, squid, mushrooms to your diet. Fats are the basis, material for the structure of living cells of the liver, endocrine glands, and nerve cells. But you can not, while dieting, take too much fat.

If the required ratio is violated in cholelithiasis, the balance of bile acids and cholesterol collapses, so stones form. Feel free to eat vegetable oils (sunflower, olive) and milk fats (sour cream, butter), but not more than 30-50 g per day. Carbohydrates also play a big role in the body. It is useful for a patient with gallstone disease to eat yesterday's white bread or crackers slightly dried in the oven. Also, sugar and honey should be present in the diet - the main sources of glucose, and the body also builds its cells from it. 75 g of sugar per day added to compote or tea will not harm a person suffering from gallbladder disease.

Menu for a week of diet No. 5 with an exacerbation

In the event of an exacerbation of gallstone disease and pancreatitis, a person feels severe pain attacks, so the patient is recommended to completely refuse food for three days in order to give the pancreas and gallbladder a rest. These days, doctors are only allowed to drink liquids. It is easy to starve in such diseases, the body itself regulates recovery processes, so a person does not experience a feeling of hunger. After the condition of the digestive organs improves, the patient with cholelithiasis is transferred to diet No. 5, but with some restrictions. Meat and broths should be completely removed from the diet.

After a few days, when the condition improves, the patient will again eat meat, but it must be ground in a blender. It is also necessary to grind porridge. For the prevention of gallstone disease, it is recommended to spend fasting days 1 day a week. Food for diet number 5 should be light, low-calorie, without bread. Give preference to cereals, vegetable, fruit dishes.

Therapeutic diet No. 5 is used for symptoms of gallstone disease, pancreatitis and cholecystitis. For breakfast, patients are offered semolina, oatmeal, buckwheat porridge with milk, boiled meat or fish, tea or rosehip broth. Throughout the week, meals alternate. Variety in the diet of a patient with cholelithiasis is made by meat salads, pates, herring, curd soufflé, protein omelettes.

Between breakfast and lunch, there is always a second breakfast - an intermediate meal of light food. Fresh fruits, cottage cheese pudding, vegetable salad, cottage cheese are suitable for it. The lunch menu of a patient with gallstone disease includes several dishes. For the first - vegetable soup or vegetarian borscht, milk soup, lean pickle. For the second diet, it is planned: meat beef stroganoff, boiled lean meat, pilaf, meatballs, as well as a side dish - boiled potatoes or mashed potatoes, carrot cutlets, stewed zucchini, grated boiled beets.

On the third day, a patient with gallstone disease is given fruit compote or jelly, strawberry jelly. Between lunch and dinner, there is always an intermediate meal - an afternoon snack. Usually it is something light: crackers with sugar, biscuits, fruit, tea. For dinner, according to the diet, vegetable cutlets, apple charlotte, boiled fish, mashed potatoes, fruit pilaf, carrot and apple zrazy, steam chicken cutlets are prepared. If 2 hours before bedtime, a patient with cholelithiasis feels hungry, he can drink a glass of kefir or yogurt.

Diet number 5 for gallstone disease

In official medical practice, a special diet No. 5 has been developed, which recommends the following approaches when organizing a nutrition system for people suffering from cholelithiasis:

reducing the amount of food high in cholesterol in the diet in order to prevent the process of stone formation (most gallstones consist of cholesterol);
fractional meals in small portions 5-6 times a day;
eating warm foods that help liquefy bile;
it is undesirable to eat cold and hot food;
the daily rate of drinking water should be equal to 2 liters;
weekly fasting days on cucumbers, kefir, apples, cottage cheese.

Useful products for this disease are:

cottage cheese, kefir, cheese, which contain both proteins and calcium necessary for the body, and also contribute to the creation of a more alkaline bile environment, which prevents an increase in its viscosity and density;
for the normal production of bile acids, lean fish and meat, egg white, olive and other vegetable oils are useful;
to reduce the processes of crystallization of bile, it is necessary to consume foods high in vitamins of groups A, B, C. (berries, vegetables, fruits);
foods rich in magnesium - cereals from oatmeal, millet, buckwheat and barley groats, dried fruits;
to increase intestinal motility and prevent constipation, prunes, beets and foods high in vegetable fiber should be consumed;
vegetarian soups;
it is useful to drink mineral water ("Esentuki No. 17").

The prohibited products are:

fatty meat and fish, lard, animal fats and products based on them (butter), fat-based sauces (mayonnaise, etc.), egg yolk;
fried foods, smoked meats, meat and other canned food, meat and fish broths, mushroom soups are excluded from the diet;
sweet flour products;
berries and fruits of sour varieties;
cocoa and products based on it (chocolate, creams, etc.), coffee;
alcohol;
hot spices, vinegar-based marinades, hot seasonings;
sour and carbonated drinks.

Menu for gallstone disease

Diet number 5 for cholelithiasis offers the following sample menu:

for breakfast - cottage cheese pudding 130 g, oatmeal with olive oil 150 g, a glass of tea with milk;
for an afternoon snack - a sweet apple;
for lunch - a serving of vegetarian soup, stewed vegetables (preferably carrots) in olive oil 150 g with a piece of boiled meat 70 g, 200 g of rosehip broth;
for an afternoon snack - 200 g of rosehip broth with lean crackers or bread;
for dinner - a side dish of boiled potatoes 150 g, a piece of boiled fish 100 g and vegetable cutlets from cabbage and carrots with vegetable oil, tea;
2 hours before bedtime - a glass of kefir.

Such a course is carried out for a long time for 1.5-2 years. Dishes and ingredients can be changed, following the basic recommendations of the diet.

Diet for exacerbation of gallstone disease

In cases where exacerbations of the disease occur, diet No. 5a is used. Its duration is 1.5-2 weeks. After that, they switch to a long-term diet number 5.

for the 1st breakfast - 150 g of semolina porridge, egg white omelet 100 g, 200 g of tea with milk;
for the 2nd breakfast - buckwheat porridge in olive oil c150 g with steamed meat cutlets 100-120 g, a piece of white stale bread, tea;
for lunch - half a serving of vegetarian soup based on rice and vegetables, boiled chicken fillet 100 g, buckwheat porridge with vegetable oil 150 g, jelly dessert based on milk 100 g;
for dinner - a side dish of mashed potatoes 150 g, a piece of boiled fish 100 g, tea with milk;
2 hours before bedtime, you can drink a glass of kefir.

Careful adherence to the diet during gallstone disease effectively helps to reduce the risk of surgery, and also helps to stop the pathological process of stone formation.

Magnesium diet for exacerbation of ZhBK

Patients suffering from cholelithiasis often experience bouts of colic in the right hypochondrium due to spasms of the gallbladder and poor patency of the bile ducts. They are recommended a magnesium diet based on food rich in magnesium (buckwheat, barley, millet and oatmeal, various types of nuts, seaweed, peas, beans). This element has the ability to relieve spasms and remove inflammation. Vegetable fiber contained in such products improves intestinal motility

During an exacerbation of gallstone disease or after surgery on the gallbladder, the patient is not allowed to eat anything for the first two days, only to drink warm liquid in small portions in the form of diluted juices, sweet tea or rosehip broth. The maximum daily volume of liquid is 3 glasses.

Two days later, the diet of a patient with gallstone disease is expanded by adding pureed food - cereal soups, cereals. As a dessert, fruit jelly, mousse or jelly are allowed. If the food is perceived positively by the body, after a few days fish, lean meat, low-fat cottage cheese are added.

Dish recipes

Potato soup

Take 3 small potatoes, 2 medium onions, 1 carrot. Peel the vegetables, rinse, finely chop, pour 2 cups of water.
Cook for 20-30 minutes until done.
A few minutes before turning off, add 20 g of butter, a little salt, dill.
If cholelithiasis occurs without pronounced exacerbations, you can pre-fry the onions and carrots in vegetable oil until golden brown and add to the potatoes.

Carrot and potato puree

Take 4 small potatoes, peel, cut into small pieces, add water and cook until tender.
Wipe the resulting mass immediately, while hot.
After adding hot milk to it, beat until airy with a mixer.
One medium carrot also boil and wipe.
We combine the two resulting masses, add salt and boil, stirring, over low heat for 1 minute.

Light protein omelet

You need to take 2 chicken eggs, immediately separate the proteins from the yolks, add 120 g of milk to the proteins, a pinch of salt, if desired, chop the dill greens there.
Beat the resulting mixture well with a whisk or blender so that it becomes airy.
Pour the mass into a serving container and place in a double boiler. If there is no double boiler, the omelette is cooked in a water bath or in a thick cast-iron pan.

Sample menu for cholelithiasis

Breakfast: vinaigrette seasoned with sour cream, weakly brewed tea with milk, bread with butter, and soaked herring (no more than 20 g)
Second breakfast: boiled lean meat, a portion of crumbly buckwheat porridge and natural juice
Lunch: vegetable soup with sour cream, a piece of boiled fish with mashed potatoes, boiled carrots and sweet fruit compote
Afternoon snack: curdled milk
Dinner: casserole with pasta and cottage cheese, steamed cabbage cutlets and compote of sweet fruits and berries
Before going to bed (no later than 22.00): jelly from sweet fruits and berries

Modern research

After analyzing the dietary habits of more than 45,000 men, scientists have found that a Mediterranean diet based on seafood, fish, nuts and vegetable oils can minimize the risk of developing this disease in the stronger sex. Unfortunately, studies have not yet been able to prove the effectiveness of this diet for the female contingent. The fact is that the female body produces special hormones - they increase the risk of developing gallstone disease (8-10 times).

The diet for cholelithiasis introduces quite serious restrictions, but you should not ignore the strict requirements in any case - any violation of the diet can lead to unpleasant consequences.

Gallstone disease (GSD) is a common and dangerous disease. “Thank you” for it must be said to our lifestyle, dietary habits and neglect of our own health. As a rule, residents of economically developed countries are susceptible to it, and in the absence of adequate and effective treatment, the patient may suddenly develop acute cholecystitis or obstructive jaundice.

Treatment of cholelithiasis is long and depends on the size of the stones, their localization, the general condition of the patient and the timeliness of contacting a doctor. In some cases, conservative therapy turns out to be ineffective, and then one has to resort to surgical intervention with all the “bonuses” that are due in the form of complications, a long period of rehabilitation and a serious restriction in food.

There is little pleasant in this, and if you do not want to register in the gastroenterologist's office for a long time and become a regular customer in the pharmacy, you should take care of your own health. Once again, we will not call on the reader to give up bad habits, minimal observance of the daily regimen and a responsible attitude to medical recommendations, but we should understand the basic principles of proper nutrition. Believe me, it is better to give up certain products and lead a fulfilling life than to suffer from pain for years..

Rules for a healthy diet with cholelithiasis

Minimize your intake of foods high in cholesterol. Under the ban should be fatty meat and fish, animal fat and any offal from beef, pork and lamb (heart, liver, brains).
Drink as much liquid as possible. This stimulates the excretion of bile, reduces its concentration and helps relieve the liver. Healing mineral water (Truskavetskaya, Essentuki No. 17) has a beneficial effect on the body, but ordinary juices, tea with milk, compotes and fruit drinks are also suitable.
Do not forget that stool problems provoke the development of cholelithiasis, so be sure to include foods that stimulate bowel function in your diet. These are drinks based on sour milk, prunes, beets and honey. It is also recommended to consume vegetables and fruits containing coarse fiber.
Remember that excess weight affects the figure and most negatively affects cholesterol metabolism. Therefore, it is worth significantly reducing the consumption of easily digestible carbohydrates by including fasting days in the weekly schedule. Depending on personal preferences, they can be cucumber, oatmeal, kefir, cottage cheese or apple.
Eat foods rich in magnesium, as this helps to lower blood cholesterol levels and remove its excess from the body. The best way to achieve this is to eat more cereals (millet, oatmeal and barley), vegetables, fruits and legumes.
Instead of the traditional 3 meals a day, switch to a fractional meal. It is better to sit down at the dinner table 5-6 times a day and eat a little, than to absorb the entire daily portion at once, and then swallow painkillers.
Completely give up any alcoholic beverages, marinades, spicy and salty dishes, smoked meats, decoctions of mushrooms, fatty broths, sour berries and fruits, cocoa, chocolate and coffee.
The presence in the daily diet of the required amount of vegetable oils, vitamins and complete proteins is a necessary condition for a speedy recovery. This can be provided by lean meat, cottage cheese, sunflower and olive oil, as well as the regular intake of specially selected vitamin complexes.
Foods high in calcium prevent the formation of stones, shift the reaction of bile to the alkaline side and normalize metabolic processes in the body. Therefore, pay attention to sour-milk cuisine (cottage cheese, kefir, cheese, yogurt), as well as vegetables, berries and fruits.

The main task of the diet is the normalization of cholesterol metabolism, the exclusion from the diet of foods that contribute to the formation of stones and the overall improvement of the patient's quality of life. In many cases, this allows you to stop the symptoms and avoid radical surgery, but the decision on choosing the best treatment tactics is up to your doctor!

Diet number 5

Breakfast. Lean cottage cheese pudding (140 g), buckwheat porridge with vegetable oil (170 g), tea with milk (200 ml).
Lunch. 1-2 fresh non-sour apples.
Dinner. Vegetable oil soup (vegetarian, 500 ml), meat with milk sauce (boiled or steamed, 50 g), carrots stewed in olive oil (150 g), dried fruit compote (250 ml).
afternoon tea. Rosehip broth or compote (250 ml), lean croutons (25–30 g).
Dinner. Boiled low-fat fish seasoned with vegetable oil (85 g), carrot-cabbage cutlets (200-220 g), boiled potatoes (150-170 g, can be seasoned with dill or a little green onion), tea.
Second dinner. Kefir or fermented baked milk (180–200 ml).

During the day, you can also eat a maximum of 10 g of butter, 30 g of sugar and 300 g of wheat bread.

Diet No. 5A

Breakfast. Semolina porridge with low-fat milk (150–170 g), two-protein omelette (100 g), tea with milk (weak, 250 ml).
Lunch. Steamed meat cutlets (120–130 g), buckwheat porridge with vegetable oil (160 g), bread (2 slices), tea (250 ml).
Dinner. Rice soup with chopped vegetables (about 300 ml), thoroughly boiled chicken (130 g), pureed buckwheat porridge (140 g), milk jelly (110–120 g).
Dinner. Boiled fish (90 g). Mashed potatoes (160 g), tea with milk.

Such a diet is prescribed during the rehabilitation period for one and a half to two weeks, after which they switch to diet No. 5 and follow it for about 2 more years. If the patient is diagnosed with bile stasis or a weakening of the normal function of the gallbladder, it is recommended to adhere to a lipotropic-fat diet.

magnesium diet

It is prescribed when the patient's condition normalizes, if as a result of therapy insufficient bowel movement is detected. With an energy value of about 3000 kcal, it provides:

The required amount of proteins (100 g) and carbohydrates (450 g).
Reducing the amount of fat (80–90 g).
A fourfold increase in the volume of magnesium entering the body (approximately 1300 mg).
The necessary portion of vitamins (ascorbic acid, retinol, thiamine).

Dishes that should be on the daily menu

Dietary borscht based on bran decoction. Pour 40–50 g of bran into 450 ml of water, boil for 10–15 minutes and pass through a sieve. Add a little shredded cabbage, grated beets (50 g), browned white roots (20 g) and onions (10 g). Keep on fire for 10-15 minutes.
Oatmeal soup with vegetables. Prepare a decoction of bran (see the first recipe). Add chopped carrots (50 g), pumpkin and zucchini (30 g each), sautéed onions (10 g) to it. Boil for 5-10 minutes, then add finely chopped dill and parsley for flavor.
Rice soup with vegetables. You will need 20 g of rice, 30 g of carrots, 70 g of potatoes, 150 ml of milk, 5 g of butter, 10 g of sour cream and about 1/2 liter of water. Rinse the grits thoroughly, pour boiling water over and cook until tender, stirring constantly. We clean the vegetables and cut into slices, then cook in a small amount of water and pass through a sieve. In the resulting broth, add hot milk, pre-prepared vegetables and butter. If you really want, you can salt a little. Bring to a boil, and when serving, season the dish with sour cream.
Cereal meatballs with cottage cheese. Boil buckwheat porridge with milk (ratio 6:15), let it cool and add cottage cheese (30 g) first, and then one boiled egg. Mix well, mold the meatballs, breaded and lightly fry in butter. Before serving, you can add sour cream.
Cabbage apple cutlets. Stew chopped cabbage (150-200 g) until half cooked, add 40 g of peeled apples to the pan, mix everything and bring to readiness over low heat. Add 15–20 g of semolina and heat over low heat for another 10 minutes. When the cabbage has cooled down, add 1-2 eggs to it, mix well, fashion cutlets, bread them and bake in the oven.
Millet porridge with dried apricots. You will need 75 ml of water, 50 g of millet, 10 g of butter, 25 g of dried apricots and some sugar. Pour millet into a container with water and cook until half cooked. Add butter, dried apricots and sugar to the porridge. Boil in a water bath until fully cooked.
Meat pudding with semolina. We cook semolina (150–200 g) in water, season with a small amount of oil and cool. We pass the chicken fillet first through a meat grinder, and then through a sieve, add the previously obtained porridge, egg and milk to taste. Beat the mass well and cook in a form previously smeared with butter (45-50 minutes).