Project on ecology in elementary grades "Green world". Creative projects of students on ecology

Purpose: to expand the field of knowledge of the surrounding natural world of our area. Tasks: -To educate the ecological culture of junior schoolchildren; -Expand the field of knowledge about the environmental problems of the native land and draw the attention of the younger generation to them. -Develop the ability to work with the information received: process, classify and present it.

Here is ecology - a buzzword, Previously, nature did not know this, Banks, bottles were not thrown into the bushes, Waste and oil were not poured into the river. Our planet is still alive, But without protection, it will die! If you want the world to be green, Don't cut down the birches and maples!

Research apron Forests of Zelenograd - affect the entire ecosystem of the city. Properties of the forest: health, recreation for people. A source of diverse raw materials (berries, mushrooms, wood) The influence of the forest on all types of the biosphere (people, animals, plants) Types of forests: coniferous, birch, pine, aspen, spruce forests Function of the forest: the main source of oxygen, it regulates water and soil balance

Once upon a time There was a picturesque pond, where the locals liked to relax, on the banks of which rare birds of our area (lapwings) nested, now it is gone, because. the banks are littered with garbage, it is not cleaned, the pond has turned into a large dirty puddle. The same story happened with the river in the village of Kamenka.

Riddle I'm in a bright red beret, In a gray satin jacket, I'm a friend of all the trees, And everyone calls me ... beetles a day Where have the woodpeckers, the orderlies of the forest, gone?

Survey among the population We conducted a survey of 50 people of different ages. The question was: Who and when saw and heard woodpeckers in wildlife. People aged 40 and older are well acquainted with this bird, they know what it looks like. People from 27 to 40 years old met her less often and some people did not meet woodpeckers in the forest. But the lowest percentage of respondents was among elementary school students, more than half of the children had never seen or heard the sound of woodpeckers. The number of woodpeckers has decreased and this also affected the spread of pest beetles.

We see that the birds can no longer fully cope with this problem. Therefore, man comes to the aid of nature. Only cutting down diseased trees can stop the mass spread of these beetles. We learned that 6,500 trees were cut down this year, and 4,500 were planted, of which many seedlings did not take root. This means that more trees are cut down than planted.

17 Conclusions: 1. Learned to collect, classify and analyze the information received, as well as present the product of their work. 2. As a result of our work, we came to the understanding that nothing in nature is superfluous and everything is interconnected; 3. We want to involve as many people as possible in solving the environmental problems of our region;

Relevance of the topic: Planet Earth is our common home, every person living in it should treat it carefully and carefully, preserving all its values and wealth.
Material Description: I bring to your attention the final lesson that completes the cycle of environmental conversations. At this lesson, the children were offered a choice: testing or an environmental project. It was proposed to work on an environmental project in groups, and the topics of the project were chosen by the children on their own from the options offered. Tests can be taken on paper or online. The material is designed for students in grades 5-7, it can also be useful to teachers, parents and educators.
Recommendations: The conversation is accompanied by a presentation (multimedia accompaniment), which allows you to more fully experience the degree of danger from pollution of our Home-Earth and pollution of water bodies. Environmental projects are defended in the class and evaluated by the children according to the proposed grading table.
Target: To consolidate and test children's knowledge about the types of environmental problems and how to solve them.
Arouse the desire of schoolchildren to protect nature, give an orientation to the implementation of some measures for nature protection.
Tasks:
- develop and protect an environmental project
- answer test questions. Description: children are invited to answer 4 tests in paper form or online.

Test number 1. Topic: “Ecology. The first global problem

1. Ecology is:
A) The science of human impact on the environment;
B) The science that studies the structure, functions and development of living organisms in an ecosystem;
C) The science of the influence of the environment on a person;
D) Science of rational use of natural resources;
D) The science that studies living organisms in nature.
Give one correct answer.
2. The word "ecology" comes from:
A) Greek words b) German words
C) English words d) Portuguese words
Write down your answers ov.
3. What does the word "ecology" mean
4. What is the difference between modern packaging and the one that was used 10-15 years ago?
5. What are the causes of garbage.
6. What does the word "inert" mean
7. Name the number of garbage per inhabitant of the planet per year.(average)
8. How is garbage classified according to the degree of danger to the environment? Which class is the most dangerous?
9. Name the main conditional categories into which garbage is divided.
10. What are the ways of waste disposal?
11. Name the pros and cons of one disposal method(any choice).
12. What is the most rational way? Why?
13. What is special waste? How are they destroyed?
14. Name the terms of natural decomposition of garbage.
15. Waste recycling options.

Test number 2. Topic: “Ecology. The second global problem

Give multiple correct answers.
1. What are the main environmental issues:
A) air pollution;
B) Pollution of the World Ocean;
C) Soil pollution;
D) Extermination of flora and fauna;
D) melting ice.
E) Creation of the "red book"
Give one correct answer.
2. Pollution of rivers leads to:
A) death of eggs
B) The death of frogs, crayfish
B) the death of algae
D) the death of all living things
Write down your answer.
3. What are the water quality classes of river pollution?
4. Water pollution is produced (by what)?
5. Where do pesticides in water come from?
6. Give an example of "heavy metals"
7. Where are the 10 dirtiest rivers?
8. What causes thermal water pollution?
9. Causes of electromagnetic pollution of water.
10. What do you know about radioactive radiation?
11. Write what we can do to conserve the Earth's water resources.
12. Give an example of the consequences of water pollution by oil and oil products.

Test number 3. Topic: “Ecology. The Third Global Problem"

Give multiple correct answers.
1.Air pollution is:
a. this is the introduction of substances alien to its composition into the atmospheric air
b. change in the ratio of gases in the air
c. physical, chemical, biological substances
Dirty air
2. Diseases caused by high levels of harmful substances in the air we breathe:
a. headache
b. nausea
c. skin irritation
asthma
e. tumor
e. joint sprain
Give your answer.
3. What types of air pollution do you know?
4. Name the sources of natural air pollution.
Give one correct answer.
5. Causes of dust storms:
but. drought
b. deforestation
river flood
d. gravity of the moon
Give your answer.
6. Name the artificial sources of air pollution.
Give one correct answer.
7. What gas is released into the atmosphere during the combustion of fuel?
a. carbon monoxide (CO2)
b. oxygen (O2)
v.nitrogen (N2)
d. nitric acid (HNO3)
Give your answer.
8. What is Smog. What is its harm to the inhabitants of the metropolis.
9. What causes ozone depletion?
10. What does radioactive contamination lead to?
11. Why is the greenhouse effect dangerous?
Give one correct answer.
12. How many days can a person live without water?
a.7
b.1
v.30
d.5
13. Ways to preserve the atmosphere.(At least 5)

Test number 4. Topic: “Ecology. Outcome"

Final test.
Give one correct answer.
1. Environmental pollution is understood as:
a. introduction of new, uncharacteristic physical, chemical and biological components into the environment
b. the introduction of new, uncharacteristic physical, chemical and biological components into the environment, as well as the excess of the natural level of these components
c. exceeding the natural level of natural and anthropogenic components of the environment
d.growth of anthropogenic impact on natural ecosystems
2. Air pollution in Russia is primarily caused by:
a. chemical industry
b.thermal power engineering
c. agriculture
oil production and petrochemistry
3. The most dangerous soil pollution is caused by:
a. household waste
b.agricultural waste
c. heavy metals
sewage
4. The greatest pollution of land waters is caused by:
a. flushing of fertilizers and pesticides from the fields
b.domestic and industrial wastewater
c. solid waste pollution
dumping
5. The greatest pollution of the waters of the World Ocean is caused by:
a.dumping
b. acid rain
c. agricultural waste
oil and oil products
6. Pollution found around industrial plants is called:
a.local
b.regional
c.global
d.sanitary protection
7. Chemical pollution does not include:
a. heavy metal pollution
b. the entry of pesticides into water bodies
c. soil pollution with solid household waste
d. increase in the concentration of freons in the atmosphere
8. Pollution of the environment with solid household waste can be attributed to:
a. physical pollution
b.biological contamination
c.mechanical pollution
physical and chemical pollution
9. Deforestation leads to:
but. increasing species diversity of birds;
b. increase in species diversity of mammals;
in. reduction of evaporation;
d. violation of the oxygen regime
10. Lack of drinking water is caused primarily by:
but. greenhouse effect;
b. a decrease in the volume of groundwater;
in. water pollution;
soil salinization.
11. The greenhouse effect occurs as a result of accumulation in the atmosphere:
but. carbon monoxide;
b. carbon dioxide;
in. nitrogen dioxide;
d. sulfur oxides.
12. From hard ultraviolet radiation, living organisms protect:
but. water vapor;
b. clouds;
in. ozone layer;
g. nitrogen.
13. The most common diseases that occur as a result of environmental degradation are:
but. diseases of the musculoskeletal system;
b. infectious diseases;
in. cardiovascular and oncological diseases;
d. diseases of the digestive tract.
14. What is the name of the source of the emergence of new alleles when the genetic structure of a population changes?
but. mutation;
b. migration;
in. genetic drift;
d. non-random crossing.
15. How many minutes can a person live without air?
but. thirty
in. five
b. one
d. 10
16. Main product of consumption?
but. water
b. food
g. air
in. bread

Ecological project.

You can start the conversation by showing the video. It is possible to launch a video to the song of the Earthlings group "Forgive the Earth!"

The epigraph to the lesson can take the words
"To live in this green world
good in winter and summer.
Life flies like a moth
a motley animal runs
A bird whirls in the clouds,
nimble runs like a marten.
Life is everywhere, life is all around.
Man is nature's friend!"
In today's world, environmental issues come to the fore. We have managed to sort out only a small fraction of environmental problems. In conclusion of our environmental conversations, I would like to invite you to develop an environmental product (let's call it a project), in which you will talk about one of the environmental problems and its solution.
To begin with, let's recall the problems with which we are already familiar.
They call the children.
You can publish a wall newspaper as an ecological product, draw a comic, come up with an ecological fairy tale, a crossword puzzle, a calendar .. The choice is yours, what will seem interesting to your group, that project is carried out by your group.
Project work in progress according to plan:
1. Define the problem.
2. Identify the cause.
3. Put forward a solution to this problem.
The plan can be supplemented with your suggestions.
The projects will be evaluated by a jury selected by you from the students of the class according to the following criteria:
1.Originality
2. Compliance with the task
3.Product protection
4. Answers to the questions posed
5. The work of all group members
I wish you creative success.

Options for design assignments:

Project task 1
Learn about waste paper. Complete the task: design a poster for the residents of the village of Vakhtan about the dangers of burning paper and calling for collecting waste paper for recycling
waste paper
Material: paper, sometimes impregnated with wax and covered with various paints.
Damage to nature: The paper itself does not cause damage. Cellulose, which is part of paper, is a natural material. However, the ink on the paper can release toxic substances.
Harm to humans: paint can release toxic substances when decomposed.
Decomposition routes: used as food by some microorganisms.
End product of decomposition: humus, bodies of various organisms, carbon dioxide and water.
Decomposition time: 2-3 years.

Products formed during neutralization: carbon dioxide, water, ash.
It is strictly forbidden to burn paper in the presence of food, as dioxins may form.

Project assignment 2
Read up on food waste. Complete the task: draw up a memo for residents of the village of Chastye on ways to neutralize food waste.
Food waste
Damage to nature: practically does not cause. Used for nutrition by various organisms.
Harm to humans: rotting food waste is a breeding ground for germs. During decay, foul-smelling and poisonous substances are released in high concentrations.
Ways of decomposition: are used in food by various microorganisms.
The end product of decomposition: the bodies of organisms, carbon dioxide and water.
Decomposition time: 1-2 weeks.
Recycling method (at any scale): composting.
The least dangerous disposal method (on a small scale): composting.
Products formed during neutralization: humus.
It is strictly forbidden to throw into fire, as dioxins can be formed.

Project assignment 3
Learn about fabrics. Complete the task: design a poster for the residents of the village. Frequent, calling to find a new use for unnecessary things.
Fabric products
Fabrics are synthetic (melt when heated) and natural (charred when heated). Everything written below refers to natural fabrics.
Damage to nature: do not cause. Cellulose, which is part of paper, is a natural material.
Decomposition routes: used as food by some organisms.
End product of decomposition: humus, body of organisms, carbon dioxide, water.
Decomposition time: 2-3 years.
Recycling method (on a large scale): processing into wrapping paper.
Recycling method (on a small scale): composting.
The least dangerous method of disposal (on a small scale): incineration under conditions that ensure complete combustion.
Products formed during neutralization: carbon dioxide, water, ash

Project assignment 4
Learn about plastics. Complete the task: draw up a memo for residents of the village of Frequent about the dangers of burning plastic products.
Plastic products of unknown composition
Damage to nature: interfere with gas exchange in soils and water bodies. Can be swallowed by animals, resulting in death. They can release substances that are toxic to many organisms.
Human hazard: May release toxic substances when decomposed.

Decomposition time: depends on the plastic, usually about 100 years, maybe more.
Recycling methods: depends on the plastic (usually remelting). For many plastics, there are no ways to recycle (due to the difficulty of identifying a particular plastic).

Products resulting from neutralization: carbon dioxide, water, nitrogen, ammonia, hydrogen chloride, sulfuric acid, toxic organochlorine compounds.
It is strictly forbidden to burn these materials, as this can form huge amounts of dioxins.

Project assignment 5
Learn about packaging material. Complete the task: design a poster for the residents of the village. Frequent, calling not to scatter the packaging material.
Food packaging
Material: paper and various types of plastics, including chlorine-containing ones. Sometimes aluminum foil.
Damage to nature: can be swallowed by large animals, which causes the death of the latter.
Ways of decomposition: slowly oxidized by atmospheric oxygen. Very slowly destroyed by the action of sunlight. Sometimes used in food by some microorganisms.
Decomposition time: depends on the product. Usually - tens of years, maybe more.
Recycling method (on a large scale): usually does not exist (due to the difficulty of separating into components)
The least dangerous method of disposal (on any scale): burial.
Decontamination products: dependent on plastics. Usually carbon dioxide, water, hydrogen chloride, poisonous organochlorines.
It is strictly forbidden to burn these materials, as dioxins may be formed.

Project assignment 6
Study the material about tin cans. Complete the task: draw up a memo for residents of the village of Chastye about the proper disposal of cans.
Cans
Material: galvanized or tin plated iron.
Damage to nature: Zinc, tin and iron compounds are poisonous to many organisms. The sharp edges of the cans injure animals.
Harm to humans: toxic substances are released during decomposition.
Decomposition pathways: very slowly oxidized by oxygen. Very slowly destroyed by the action of sunlight.
End product of decomposition: carbon dioxide, water and hydrogen chloride.
Decomposition time: on earth and in fresh water - several hundred years, in salt water - several decades.
Recycling methods (in large quantities): None (due to technological difficulties).
The least dangerous method of neutralization (on any scale): removal to a landfill.
Products resulting from neutralization: carbon dioxide, water, hydrogen chloride, toxic organochlorine compounds.
It is strictly forbidden to burn these materials, as this produces huge amounts of dioxins.
Children's projects.

Municipal educational institution

"Kuvshinovskaya secondary school No. 2"

Teaching and research environmental project

Ecology of school space

Project type: creative, research

Project Hypothesis : conducting environmental monitoring, analysis of their results, environmental educationall participants in the educational process will contribute to the preservation of their health, improve learning conditions.

Objective of the project: maintaining the health of students, creating favorable conditions for learning.

Tasks:

Educational

expand and deepen students' knowledge about the role of nature in human life;

to acquaint students with the diversity, living conditions of indoor plants, their importance for human health.

developing:

develop the ability to analyze, reason, prove one's opinion;

educational:

to ensure the interconnection of educational and educational processes;

to cultivate a caring attitude towards indoor plants, a sense of belonging, personal responsibility for what is happening around.

to form research skills, the ability to work with various types of information sources;

develop the ability to analyze, select, classify the information received;

develop the ability to creatively apply the acquired knowledge

Predicted results:

The student will know:

the names of indoor plants and the living conditions of these plants at home;

rules for the care of indoor plants;

the effects of natural factors (light, heat, moisture, soil composition) on the vital activity of indoor plants;

The student will be able to:

work with additional literature;

observe and care for indoor plants;

work in a group;

formalize the results of their activities according to the plan.

The student will develop:

curiosity;

independence;

tolerance;

organization.

Formulation of the problem :

Insufficient or incorrect gardening of school classrooms contributes to the creation of unfavorable conditions for learning.

Design :

formation of groups, distribution of tasks, definition of tasks.

Search for information:

study of reference, popular science literature, conducting

monitorings.

intermediate product: consultations, preparation of presentations, preparation of speeches.

Project presentation.

School ecology - this is an activity in the space of school life, consistent with human nature.

School is the place where children spend most of their time, and therefore it must meet certain requirements. If we talk about the ecology of the school, then the main requirement here is the preservation of health.

What are the benefits of indoor plants, and whether they are only beneficial, or do they bloom within the walls of our school solely for beauty.

Taking into account the trend of a sharp decline in the population, the problem of creating and maintaining a healthy society is put forward. This increases the responsibility of the education system not only for the spiritual, but also for the physical development of the new generation, strengthening the health of students, familiarizing them with the value of a healthy lifestyle. The state of health of children, adolescents and young people causes reasonable concern for the whole society as a whole. In this regard, such a direction of work as health protection and the introduction of health-saving teaching technologies becomes the most important for the school and all participants in the educational process.

Indoor plants came to us from distant countries. Decorating our interior, they invite us to escape from the routine whirlwind. The most amazing of them take us on trips, making us forget about the banal everyday life.

Choosing "green friends", we focus on our own aesthetic taste, listen to the advice of relatives and friends. As a rule, everything is limited to this, but in vain, because plants have a number of wonderful properties, the existence of which we do not even suspect! By settling in our house, "green lodgers" contribute tosound absorption, humidify the air, saturate it with oxygen and purify it from harmful impurities. Special biogenic substances secreted by plants increase efficiency, normalize sleep, increase human adaptive abilities

"Green friends" bring harmony and tranquility into our lives, next to them we feel a surge of energy and at the same time relax. When choosing plants, many of us do not think about what effect they will have on our health, both physical and psychological. Plants act on us with their aroma, the color of leaves and flowers, and the shape of the crown.

Indoor plants are an obligatory component of the school office. They decorate the room and create comfort. Plants perform various functions, have an aesthetic, psychological impact, improve the air environment. In recent years, another important function of plants has become more and more clear - cleaning the environment from various pollutants. Like a filter, they purify the air from dust and harmful gases.

Plants with volatile properties: increase the amount of oxygen, increase the content of negative light ions. They have a positive effect on respiratory processes, reduce blood pressure, increase muscle strength and endurance: tachycardia and arrhythmia decrease; serve as a means of prevention in dystonia and hypertension. - Reduce by 70-80% the number of microorganisms in the air.

Conifers - cryptomeria, cypress, Olsandr cypress, laurel, fortunella, prickly pear cactus. Citrus cactus - prickly pear - reduces the number of mold fungi by 6-7 times, has healing properties (heals wounds). Euphorbia, citrus. With microbes (staphylococcus) "cope" Cissus Hibiscus, cissus, ficus, akalifa, aglaonema. For a therapeutic effect, it is necessary to place one copy of plants per 1 m3 of the room.

Plants that can relieve stress. If possible, it is a good idea to arrange a relaxation room in the school. It is best to plant in it: pelargonium, oregano, myrtle, lemon balm medicinal fragrant geranium (take into account the tendency to an allergic reaction) Plants purify the air not only from bacteria, but also from dust. More than 300 species have such properties. In addition, another 160 species are intended for open ground. These are mainly coniferous plant species. In addition to dust retention, some of them are also capable of absorbing sound, it is useful to plant them in school yards located near roads, and this is important due to the increasing number of vehicles. The air environment contains toxins emanating from synthetic materials used in finishing work.

As part of the program of continuous environmental education and upbringing, it is possible to implement an independent project to study the species composition of indoor plants in the school. This work is accessible and interesting to students.

The purpose of the project is to determine the name of each plant, its family, homeland from reference books; study of the ecological and medicinal functions of plants; landscaping of school classrooms.

The project is intended for students in grades 5-9. Depending on the age of the students, the project "Indoor plants at school" can be divided into several stages, each of which includes both theoretical and practical parts.

5-6 grades

- The study of the species composition of indoor plants in the classrooms of the school.

- School gardening group.

- Messages at biology lessons.

7th grade

- Creation of the map "Map of the world on the window sills of the school (class)".

-"Traveling with Houseplants"

8-9 grades

- The study of the ecological and medicinal functions of plants.

- Landscaping of school classrooms, taking into account the air-thermal conditions of detention.

- Speech at the ecological scientific-practical conference.

The work on determining the species composition of plants was divided into two stages.

At the first stage ( 5th grade ) students identify and describe the plants of the base cabinet. For these purposes, special reference literature is used. The most successful in this regard is Hession's reference book "All about indoor plants" (M .: Kladez, 1996).

At the second stage ( 6th grade ), working in groups, students determine and describe the species composition of indoor plants in the classrooms of the school. It should be noted that work in groups, where students jointly perform tasks, contributes to the improvement of communication skills, better assimilation of knowledge and intellectual development of children.

Data on the species composition of plants are placed in a cool corner or on a separate stand. In addition, a plate is placed in a container with plants, where the name, species, and homeland of the plant are indicated. You can also hold a meeting of the school's gardeners, at which they can give recommendations on working with reference books, indicate which plants, depending on the exposure of windows, it is advisable to grow in a particular office. Also important is the connection between the experimental activity of students and the educational process, which is established through the subjects of the natural cycle. So, for example, in the 6th grade biology course, students study the morphology of plants, and the knowledge about plants gained in the process of working on the project not only serves as a good addition, but can also be applied in the geography course, in particular, when studying continents. On the basis of knowledge about the species composition of indoor plants of the school, a map of the vegetation of the world is created, on which the homeland of each plant is indicated.

In this case, theleading education. To prepare such a lesson, the children work through a fairly large amount of literature, both reference and scientific, offered by the teacher or found on their own. Such lessons are undoubtedly more interesting both for the children preparing the material and for the whole class as a whole.

Working on a vegetation map, students learn that the homeland of most of the school's indoor plants is the humid forests of America and Africa, since the humidity and temperature conditions in the school's classrooms are quite consistent with the natural conditions of this natural zone (the ecological state of the school's classrooms is monitored under the guidance of a chemistry teacher). For students, it becomes obvious that in central Russia at the latitude of Moscow, these plants require certain conditions of detention. This applies to moderate watering in winter and abundant in summer, shading plants in the hot season and highlighting in the cold, “wintering” for cacti, etc. The results of the work can be presented in the form of mini abstracts or shown on a stand in the classroom.

The final stage of the second stage project is the presentation of the results of research and practical work. For students in grades 5-7, this is best done in the form of a holiday "Traveling with indoor plants." Leading students, using a world vegetation map, talk about the living conditions of plants found in school.

For students in grades 8-9, the study of the ecological and medicinal functions of plants is of particular interest. From reference and popular scientific literature, we learned that the school has plants that determine the sanitary condition of the air in the classrooms, i.e. acting as bioindicators. These include tradescantia, begonia, asparagus, violet. In addition, there are detoxifying plants in the classrooms that can neutralize toxic substances in the air. These are tufted chlorophytum, common myrtle, fern, geranium, Chinese hibiscus, coleus, royal begonia, dracaena, ivy, dieffenbachia, succulent cacti.

As part of the school's greening program, students selected plants for each classroom, taking into account environmental factors.

In addition, we have been working to identify plants with medicinal properties. At school, these plants include: agave, aloe, aspidistra, aucuba, hibiscus, zephyranthes, kalanchoe, saxifrage, passionflower, pelargonium, ivy, sanseviera, thuja, fatsia, ficuses. We presented the results in the form of a catalog "Medicinal plants at school", indicating the species composition, the use of plants at home, and pharmacological properties. For each plant of the healer, an annotation of the therapeutic effect, methods of application has been compiled.

results students presented their project work at the school scientific and practical conference, which was attended by representatives of all classes of middle and high schools. Thus, the achievements of individual groups of schoolchildren become known to almost the entire school and can be claimed by everyone.

The most interesting works were presented at the ecological scientific-practical conference.

I have an idea creating an office of indoor plants. The idea of its creation appeared because the school collected a large number of indoor plants.

Indoor plants are used in the classroom and in extracurricular activities as a demonstration and handout, when conducting observations and setting up simple experiments. Living objects should be unpretentious in maintenance and care. Sanitary and hygienic requirements, lighting standards, safety precautions must be observed. Plants that do not cause allergic reactions are selected.

When selecting plants in the office, it is possible to take into account their use in the classroom and in extracurricular activities, given their role in the design of the office. Plants are placed on racks, mounted in piers or on stands. Two or three large plants create a unique interior.

Work in the mode of project activity becomes a source of creating the necessary equipment for the office. It is necessary to highlight those tasks in which students can take part. Creative in its essence, including research, search, problem situations, project activities fill the life of each office with interesting things.

Analyzing the available resources and opportunities for children, we gave preference to the following types of project activities:

research

applied

informational

Research the project requires a certain work algorithm:

Identification and formulation of the problem;
- formulation of the hypothesis;
- setting goals and objectives;
- action planning;
- data collection, their analysis and synthesis, comparison with known information;
- preparation and writing of the project, its effectiveness;
- defense, presentation of the project.

Applied the project from the very beginning clearly indicates the result of the activities of its participants.

Informational the project is aimed at analyzing and summarizing, for a wide audience, any information.

"Ecology and phytodesign of the school office"

Target: get acquainted with the laws of arranging indoor plants, with the profession of a flower grower-decorator.

Tasks:

1. Study the species composition of indoor plants in the office

2. Establish which indoor plants are most popular in landscaping school premises

3. What requirements are taken into account when breeding plants at school.

Methods:

Observation

Experiment

Practical work

Expected results: acquisition of knowledge, flowers in the school office

We decided to equip our school office and do phytodesign of the office:

Plant it so that it is aesthetically pleasing, comfortable for work; and the conditions for keeping plants were observed.

Using the literature on indoor floriculture, we found that plants belonging to 5 groups are used in indoor landscaping:

Group 1 - decorative and deciduous (palms, ferns, dracaena)

Group 2 - flowering (begonias, cacti, roses)

Group 3 - hanging (chlorophytum, tradescantia)

Group 4 - curly or clinging (ivy, monstera, asparagus)

Group 5 - bulbous or tuberous (cyclomen, gloxinia)

In schools, it is best to grow simple, undemanding plants (Tradescantia, Chlorophytum), blooming easily and profusely, for which care is available to children. Plants that cause irritation of the skin and mucous membranes or have bright fruits are completely excluded.

To make people's lives more beautiful and cleaner, we use plants. But you also need to take care of the flowers. Before breeding plants, you need to find out the basic requirements of each of them for

Humidity

illumination

Temperature

Plants need light for normal development. According to the requirement for illumination, all plants can be divided into three groups:

1 group - photophilous

2 group - shade-loving

Group 3 - shade-tolerant

Of no small importance for the development of plants is the air temperature in the room, especially in winter.

Sufficient moisture is necessary for the normal development of plants.

In addition, in the offices it is necessary to increase the number of medicinal indoor plants, such as aloe, kalanchoe. These plants increase immunity, have bactericidal properties. Chlorophytum is the most popular plant in the school. It is said about him: the worse the air for us, the better for him. For landscaping, we recommend light-loving and shade-tolerant plants.

When compiling compositions, the following rules and methods for placing plants should be taken into account. There are several basic techniques for placing indoor plants indoors.

1. A free-standing plant can be evergreen or flowering.

A well-composed composition of several plants pleases the eye and turns the room into an oasis, where beauty and comfort reign, where the harmony of nature and man reigns.

2.Very effective in the interior are climbing plants suspended in a specially made planter.

3. Very beautiful small gardens on the rocks

4. Groups of plants planted together are very effective.

Flowers ennoble our lives, caress the eyes, give people joy, soften morals, bring peace and relaxation. Giving flowers means expressing feelings of love, respect, location, respect. (See presentation).

Additional information on career guidance.

The creation of green interiors is a special area of architecture that requires versatile knowledge and great artistic taste. Therefore, a florist-decorator is working on the creation of the most complex modern projects.

Florist - decorator - an indispensable consultant who will give advice on indoor floriculture in various rooms, in a large and small apartment, in a study room, in a large hall, in recreation. At the same time, he will take into account the influence of plants on human health. In addition, he can make a bouquet or flower arrangement. People of this profession know how to make bouquets not only from fresh flowers, but also from dry or artificial ones. Flower growers work in greenhouses, greenhouses, nurseries and in the open field, in experimental plots, in parks, squares. Flower growers-decorators reveal the beauty of nature to man. Flower growers implement landscaping projects. They participate in the planning of green spaces, make ridges, loosen the soil, and apply fertilizers. To maintain a clear pattern of flower beds and lawns, they are trimmed, thinned, cut off faded inflorescences, and fragile plants are tied to pegs. It is better to choose this profession for people who love nature and have a good aesthetic taste. Aesthetically designed parks, squares, sidewalks are pleasing to the eye and create a festive mood for people. In addition, green spaces play a hygienic and protective role, delay the spread of dust, mitigate noise, and help restore the normal composition of the surrounding air.

Nature is rich in amazing colors. We will definitely meet them at our school.

Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Tatarstan

State Autonomous Vocational Educational Institution

"Elabuga Polytechnic College"

"Environmental culture"

Yelabuga, 2015

Table of contents:

Introduction ……………………………………………………………2

Main part ………………………………………………..…..3

The Constitution of the Russian Federation on environmental protection……..……….….4

Environmental education……………………………….….…….4

Theoretical knowledge of ecological culture…………...….5

The main components of ecological culture………….…….6

Practical aspects of ecological culture…………….…..7

Ways of formation of ecological culture in an educational institution:

A) Questioning …………………………………………….……9

B) Action "Feed the birds" ………………………………….…10

C) Action "Protection of spruce" …………………………………………....11

D) Action “ Let's clean up the city "………………………………………eleven

D) Essay competition …………………………………………….11

E) Drawing competition ……………………………………………...12

G) Competition of own poems ………...13

H) Booklet contest ……………………………………………..13

I) tour ……………………………………………………..19

Fragments of research work:

A) Determining the state of atmospheric air ………......14

B) Determination of water hardness at home ……..17

Output ……………………………………………………….......20

Conclusion ………………………………………………….....20

The practical significance of the work carried out………….……20

Bibliographic list……………..…………………......21

Applications……………………………………………….……22

Introduction

In recent years, man has begun to exert a significant influence on the environment. The development of industry, an increase in the number of cars and deforestation lead to an increase in the consumption of non-renewable or slowly renewable resources, pollution of the atmosphere and hydrosphere, and the development of the greenhouse effect. If people do not now begin to take care of nature, they will destroy not only her, but also themselves. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to educate the ecological culture of a person from an early age.

Goals:

Expansion and enrichment of knowledge that contributes to the development of the ecological culture of students;

Development of various forms of organization of environmental education, education and enlightenment of the younger generation;

Creation of conditions for the formation of an ecological culture, the main feature of which is a responsible attitude towards nature.

Tasks:

To cultivate a caring attitude towards the environment, curiosity, kindness, observation of wildlife;

To promote the desire of students to help and protect nature;

To give systematic knowledge about the world around us, to teach how to apply knowledge in practice.

Methods and techniques:

observation;

collection of information;

work with literature;

processing the collected information;

excursions;

elements of research work.

Relevance.

Our task is to educate a caring, decent, emotional person who loves the place (regardless of its location) where he was born, not forgetting to love all living things; gently and carefully treat the world around us, develop the ecological culture of our pupils.

Forms of work:

Conversation, both with students and with their parents at parent meetings on the formation of environmental culture, environmental education;

Conducting a survey of students on the subject of their environmental culture;

Production of booklets and feeders;

Opening of the canteen on the Maidan "Bird's Paradise"

Holding competitions;

Promotions

Main part.

The well-being of man depends on his properly constructed relationship with nature. And respect for nature should become the norm of human behavior. Therefore, the goal of my work on environmental education, environmental culture: the use of effective forms and methods of teaching to develop students' knowledge, skills and abilities that contribute to active actions to protect the environment, the formation of environmental culture.

The Constitution of the Russian Federation (Article 42) stipulates:

everyone has the right to:

favorable environment;

reliable information about her condition;

for compensation for damage caused to his health or property by an environmental offense.

The state must bear full responsibility for the condition and safety of the country's natural resources and habitat.

Unfortunately,

this task is not yet fulfilled by the state.

The state of the environment in Russia is characterized as an ecological crisis!

The main areas of work on the formation of environmental culture:

Theoretical knowledge;

Practical knowledge;

Experiment as a fragment of research work.

Ecological education.

The solution of environmental and social problems of society is possible under the condition of a new type of ecological culture. » It is in our days that the greening of the entire system of education and upbringing is required. The purpose of this transformation is the penetration of modern environmental ideas and values into all spheres of society. Only through the greening of all public life can humanity be saved from an ecological catastrophe (N.M. Mamedov)"

In the process of research activities, students strengthen and form their character, develop a sense of mutual assistance and collectivism. Research activities based on computer technology help to diversify educational activities, increase the motivation of students to independently study the subject.

Theoretical knowledge of ecological culture.

Ecological culture is a system of knowledge, skills, values, orientation of a person in the field of science, art, as well as active work to preserve and improve the environment.

This is the result of the pedagogical process, the purpose of which is to form in students a conscious attitude towards interaction with nature, a set of ecological meanings about the essence of interaction with nature, skills and practical skills for rational use of nature.

A thorough study of environmental problems indicates that a person should not only protect nature, but use it wisely. Man protects, preserves nature for himself, but also protects from himself.

From this it is clear that the cause of environmental crises lies not in nature itself, but in consciousness, behavior, and human activity.

Therefore, at present, when forming an ecological culture, it is important to include the following aspects in it:

ecological ethics - the doctrine of the moral relationship between nature and man, which is based on the acceptance of nature as a partner, the equality of all living things and the restriction of human needs and rights.

The task of environmental ethics: the destruction of the consumer attitude to nature, based on the position that man is the master of nature. The rights of nature are a form of a fair relation of man to nature. Man must protect and recognize the rights of nature. The main principles of environmental ethics that must be observed:

Do no harm;

Respect for the rights of nature;

Compensation for damage;

Not interference.

Moral philosophy is a field of thought, the subject of which is not only morality, and its theory is ethics as a very distant subject, but also normative and descriptive ethics or morality.

Ecological imperative (“the limit of permissible human activity, which he has no right to cross under any circumstances”).

Ecological culture is a set of requirements and norms that apply to environmental activities, a person's willingness to follow these requirements and norms.

The structure of culture is made up of the unity of culture, attitudes towards nature, culture, attitudes towards society and other people. Only if these three components are observed, it is possible to talk about ecological culture, which indicates the interaction of a person with the environment.

Ecological culture is a system of knowledge, skills, values, orientations of a person in the field of science, art, as well as active work to preserve and improve the environment.

This is the result of the pedagogical process, which has as its goal the formation in the student of a conscious attitude to interaction with nature, the totality of interaction with nature, the ability and practical skills of reasonable nature management.

The main components of the ecological culture of the individual are:

Human knowledge about nature, its interrelationships, ways to preserve and assist the natural environment; - interest in nature, in living and non-living components, in the problem of its protection;

Feelings moral and aesthetic;

Positive diverse activities aimed at preserving and enhancing nature, decent behavior in the human environment;

Motives that determine the actions of children in nature (cognitive, sanitary and hygienic, aesthetic, etc.)

Humanity is inextricably linked with nature. Now the issues of its interaction with a person have grown into a global environmental crisis, which includes:

Biosphere pollution;

Changing the physical, chemical, biological qualities of our planet;

Changing ecosystems and deteriorating human health.

If people do not now begin to take care of nature, they will destroy not only her, but also themselves. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to educate the ecological culture of a person from an early age, starting from kindergarten, school, and later other educational institutions.

Practical aspects of ecological culture.

The interaction of culture and nature is carried out by man. How a person was brought up, such will be his attitude towards nature.

If from an early age a feeling of kindness, tenderness is laid in a child; love reigns in the house, according to the principle “Love your neighbor as yourself”, warmth of relations, mutual understanding, the ability to understand each other even in the most difficult and contradictory situations, then in such families children grow up sensitive and attentive not only in relation to each other, but also in relation to the nature around us.

And the task of the teacher is to develop these positive qualities of character and direct them in the right direction. Such a student, with the support of a teacher, will not be indifferent, indifferent, careless, will not be able to pass by someone else's pain, past a person who needs protection, support; which will always stop a person breaking a twig, a recently planted tree, although it can be much weaker in strength.

It is easier to work with such students and it is easier to teach them decency and nobility in relation to nature.

But to call things by their proper names, such situations are much rarer. Most often, families are dissatisfied with each other, anger, snobbery, distrust, lies, envy, and sometimes even hatred. And the baby, being brought up in such a family, absorbs the same qualities and vices. Having come to our educational institution, years later, he will fall into the category of “difficult teenagers” and we, teachers, have a lot of painstaking work to “pick up the key” to such a student, to let him believe in himself, involving in various activities, including number of ecological character.

The reality around us - nature - is alive. She immediately responds to our introduction. How we treat her is how she responds to us.

Therefore, I want to say loudly: “People stop! Change your attitude towards each other! Enough to engage in money-grubbing, greed, but rather try to help someone completely disinterestedly, just like that, from a pure heart. Go out into nature regularly, take care of the clearing where you are relaxing, do not forget to take out the garbage, put out the fire, listen to birdsong, and do not turn on the music at the highest volume; because in the forest, on the lawn, our own life and to reckon with our smaller brothers is our duty, our direct duty!

And her Majesty Nature, seeing our careful attitude towards her, will stop presenting us with various environmental disasters. How I want to believe it! Hope always dies last!

At the Elabuga Polytechnic College, environmental education is taken seriously: students try to take part in all environmental events, showing interest in ecology

The dissemination of theoretical environmental knowledge in the college is primarily associated with the study of the subject "Ecological foundations of nature management", both in the classroom and after school hours, compiling and solving puzzles and crossword puzzles.

The dissemination of practical environmental knowledge is confirmed by the regular holding of subject weeks, which include promotions and competitions.

In order to find out the attitude towards the ecology and cleanliness of the city, check the presence of an ecological culture among students. the students of our college were divided into groups: some of them made up the questions of the questionnaire, it turned out 20 questions; and others - there were 240 of them - were invited to take part in the survey, only on one condition that they answer honestly.

A) Questioning. (Attachment 1)

Answer options: "yes", "no".

1. Do you throw garbage in the bin?

2. Do you participate in garbage collection voluntarily?

3. Do you consider Elabuga a clean city?

4. Will you throw away a bottle that is in the middle of the road/sidewalk in the bin?

5. Do you think it's rude to throw trash out of windows?

6. Do you think plastic bottles are bad for the environment?

7. Have you gone out of school to collect trash?

8. Do you rarely use the car?

9. Would you give up cars and switch to a bicycle?

10. Do you consider it necessary to have sorting bins
(glass, flammable substances, plastic)?

11. Do you check exhaust gases at the technical inspection?

12. Do you think that car exhaust fumes harm people and the environment?

13. Do you think that factories should be located away from cities?

14. Do you plant trees?

15. Do you grow plants at home?

16. Do you walk in the park?

17. Should we increase the number of parks and trees?

18. Do you participate in environmental movements?

19. Do you litter on public transport?

20. Do the reagents work well?

According to the results of the survey, it can be seen that the issue of environmental culture is not at the proper level for everyone and we have to work on its development.

“God gave us birds so that we can see every day what beauty is. But we rarely look at the sky and forget about beauty and freedom.” (Confucius)

B) The action "Feed the birds".(Annex 2)

Caring for "our smaller brothers" leaves no one indifferent

Making feeders with your own hands and hanging them (competition)

Permanent feeding of birds, bird canteen - "Bird Paradise".

Distribution of leaflets in districts 4 and 12

Conversations with kindergarten children

Execution of drawings (competition)

book exhibition

C) Action "Protection of spruce"

In it, students make mock-ups of badges that they want to live. Kornilova Natalia 021 "Technology of catering products" shows her personal attitude:

« Have pity on the Christmas trees, let them grow

After all, they are beauties, they give us air!

An ax rose above her to cut her down,

Think about how she wants to live too! » (Appendix 3)

D) Action "Let's clean the city"

It is very difficult to get people to do anything. If they sometimes can’t clean their yard, then what to say about others. But it is important to convince, try, look for solutions: by your own example, constantly take part in subbotniks under the motto: “It’s clean not where they clean, but where they don’t litter!” (Annex 4)

D) Essay competition.

In the essay competition on the topic "Protect Nature", students express their position in relation to nature and their native land.

Excerpts from essayIplace) Balobanova Olga. 481 specialty "Chemical technology of inorganic substances"

“... Once in despair, wandering along the street of my native village, I, tired of the sun, decided to go into a small forest, which is three hundred meters from me. There, besides birches, other trees grow, as well as various shrubs, herbs and flowers. I felt like a happy person in this small forest. She lay down on the grass, hugged her, clung to the ground and did not feel how she fell asleep.

I was awakened by the chirping of restless sparrows, who also hid from the heat in this amazing corner of nature. I turned my face up and there, high above the treetops, a small piece of the sky was looking at me. I lay for a long time, my head was visited by beautiful thoughts about my recent acquaintance with an interesting person. I did not want to leave so much, light clouds looked at me from the sky, and it seemed to me that they were smiling and calling me to follow them. And I thought how much charm the forest has, how affectionate and friendly it is!”

Excerpts from essayIIa place).

Fatykhova Guzel491 specialty "Technology of mechanical engineering"

« … The forest is one of the most important ecosystems that makes our life better, because the forest is the lungs of the planet.

Nowadays, little attention is paid to forests, although parks and protected areas are being created. A very large part of the forest is cut down, a large number of trees are destroyed due to fires. All this is due to the negligence of people. People do not appreciate what they have, only when they lose will they begin to appreciate it; appreciate nature for what it is…”

E) Our students take part in a drawing competition, where they show their attitude to nature.

Drawing competitions - Volkov Alexander 291, specialty "Technology of mechanical engineering" - ( I place) (Appendix 5)

G) Making booklets reminds us of behavior in nature.

Booklet competition.

Booklet competition - Mikhail Kreshchenov. 481 "Chemical technology of inorganic substances" ( I place) (Appendix 6)

H) Self-composed poetry competition

The competition of poems of one's own composition does not leave anyone indifferent, it makes one think about the meaning of life. Ilyasova Anastasia became the winner of this competition - she writes sensually and penetratingly.

Author: Ermakov Pavel Alexandrovich. –051a, specialty “Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles” (Ia place)

Take care of nature guys

Take care of forests and fields,

Take care of spring water

After all, this is sacred land.

Let's save all the lakes, trees,

For them to be eternal

To be like in the past

The trees were not alone.

Blue and clear skies

To be above them always -

Save nature guys

After all, there is only one nature.

People trample and spoil nature,

Burning and cutting forests

Create a protected area

Our land will be saved.

For the formation of skills in research activities, the development of logical literacy, cognitive abilities of students, a certain work is carried out.

Plan for the construction of research work:

Preliminary stage: determining what you need to know about the environmental problem under study. Clarification of local environmental problems.

Determination of the purpose of the study and ways to solve it.

Research stage: studying the state of the environment or the proposed problem in practice, conducting field research, surveys, working with additional literature. Then planning an experiment based on theoretical knowledge and practical skills and conducting an experiment.

Analysis of work and dissemination of the results of experience.

The study of the state of atmospheric air in the area of the college, Lenin Square, the clinic "Elaza".

Purpose of the study:

Improving the research activities of the younger generation, aimed at studying the nature of the native land and assessing its ecological state;

Study of the area more favorable in terms of environmental indicators.

Research objectives:

To study articles, literature on the topic under study;

To study the state of atmospheric air in various regions and the adverse impact on human health;

Analyze where the air is cleaner and why.

Research methods:

Observation;

Study of literature;

Experiment.

Subject of study

Air.

Completing of the work

We chose 3 places in the city for measurements (college area; Lenin Square; polyclinic area)

We counted the number of vehicles, subdividing it into 4 main types (“cars”, “gazelles”, “buses”, “trucks”), on a section 60 meters long, in a time of 20 minutes. (N)

Calculate the number of vehicles of each type in 1 hour. (N 1 =N*(60/ t))

Calculate the distance traveled in 1 hour by each type.(L=S*N 1 )

Calculate the amount of fuel burned on this selected section of the path.(Q=L*V)

V-specific fuel consumption:

Cars: 0.12 l/km

Gazelle: 0.17 l/km

Bus: 0.42 l/km

Freight: 0.33 l/km

The volume of exhaust gases was calculated. (approximately 16 liters of exhaust per 1 liter of fuel)

We calculated the amount of harmful substances emitted by vehicles, based on the obtained data on the volume of exhaust, and based on table 1.

We entered all the results of calculations in tables, separately for each region.

Calculation example .

College area.

Cars:N = 76

Time:t= 20 min.

Section length:S= 60 m.

Transport per hour:N 1 = N*(60/ t)

N 1 = 76*(60/20)= 228

Distance traveled in 1 hour:L= S* N 1

L\u003d 60 * 228 \u003d 13680 m \u003d 13.68 km.

The amount of fuel burned:Q= L* V ( Vfor cars = 0.12 l/km)

Q\u003d 13.68 * 0.12 \u003d 1.6416 l

Exhaust volume: for 1 liter of fuel burned, there are approximately 16 liters of exhaust.

1.6416*16= 26.2656 l

The minimum and maximum amount of harmful substances, based on the percentage data from the table. #1:

CO 2 min. \u003d 26.2656 * 0 \u003d 0 l

CO 2 max=26.2656*0.16= 4.202496 l

Soot max.=0.04*(26.2656*0.001)=0.001050624 gr.

likewise for other substances.

We fill in the table. We build graphs of the state of atmospheric air in microdistricts. (Annex 7)

Output:

As you can see from the graph, the college area was the cleanest.

And the most polluted is the area of Lenin Square.

Do not pollute the environment and preserve the few parks and green spaces in the area of residence, plant new young trees.

Spend as much time as possible outdoors, and moderately (20 minutes a day) use the Internet, only when preparing homework.

Participate in planting more trees to keep the area healthy and clean.

A person cannot do without water, the water in our region is quite hard and you can show how to determine hardness at home.

Determination of water hardness at home

This method was described in his book by I. Sheremetiev. This method is based on the fact that laundry soap, like any other, is difficult to dilute in hard water. And only when the soap binds the excess of calcium and magnesium salts, soap suds appear.

To determine the hardness of water, you need to weigh one gram of laundry soap, grind it and dissolve it carefully so that foam does not form in a small amount of hot distilled water. Distilled water can be bought at auto shops. It is used to add to the battery when the electrolyte concentration increases.

Next, pour the soap solution into a cylindrical glass and add distilled water to a level of 6 centimeters if the soap is 60% or to a level of 7 centimeters if the soap is 72%. The percentage of soap content is indicated on the bar. Now, each centimeter of the level of the soap solution contains an amount of soap capable of binding hardness salts, the amount of which corresponds to 1 mg / l in 1 liter of water. Next, pour half a liter of test water into a liter jar. And continuously stirring, little by little we add our soapy solution from a glass to a jar with the water under study. At first, only gray flakes will appear on the surface. Then multi-colored soap bubbles will appear. The appearance of a stable white soapy foam indicates that all hardness salts in the studied water are bound. Now we look at our glass and determine how many centimeters of the solution we had to pour from the glass into the water under study. Each centimeter has bound in half a liter of water the amount of salts corresponding to 2 mg/l. Thus, if you had to pour 4 centimeters of soap solution into the water before the appearance of foam, then the hardness of the water under study is 8 mg / l.

If you poured all the soap solution into the water, and no foam appeared, this means that the hardness of the test water is more than 12 mg / l. In this case, the test water is diluted with distilled water twice. And we analyze again. Now the resulting stiffness result will need to be multiplied by two. The resulting value will correspond to the hardness of the water under study.

With a certain experience, the error of the method is about 1 - 2 mg / l. Which is perfectly acceptable for our purposes. Given the simplicity and accessibility of the method, it certainly deserves attention.

The experiment was also carried out by me, having examined the water at home, I found that the hardness of the water in my house is 12 ml / l at a rate of 6-7 mg / l - the water is quite hard.

1 . I took a piece of laundry soap weighing 1 gram.

2 .Heated distilled water, crumbled a bar of soap into hot water

3 .Poured hot distilled water into a cylindrical glass.

4 .Added distilled water to a level of 6 cm

5 .I took a liter jar and poured half a liter of test water into it

6 .Slowly stirring the water in a liter jar, slowly poured in the soap solution.

7. Having poured all the soap solution into a liter jar, I found that the hardness of the water is 12 mg / l.

Output: the water of this sample is hard, at a rate of 7 mg / l, we got 12 mg / l, the water can be softened by boiling (Appendix 8)

Excursions are important, which contribute to the visual perception of what they see, including an excursion to the water canal. (Annex 9)

Conclusion.

Output:

The environmental problem is getting worse every year. The air we breathe, the water we drink, the soil are becoming more and more polluted every day.

According to our research, it can be seen that transport pollutes the air, the number of springs and wells is becoming smaller every year, and the number of landfills, on the contrary, is increasing.

To do this, we need to organize community work days more often, clean everything around from garbage, reduce the number of landfills and plant trees for landscaping.

Ways to solve environmental problems.

Transfer of the internal combustion engine to gaseous fuel;

The existing long-term experience of operating a car on propane - butane mixtures shows a huge environmental effect. In automobile emissions, the amount of carbon monoxide, heavy metals and hydrocarbons is sharply reduced;

To reduce the emissions of the entire car fleet, the emissions of each car should be reduced. Engine design needs to be improved.

Replace gasoline, diesel fuel with biofuel, which is more environmentally friendly and safer.

The practical significance of the environmental project:

The developed booklets can be used as propaganda material for the population and in social institutions, when working in children's educational institutions

The materials of this work can be used in the classroom in the institutions of NGOs and vocational schools on the subject "Ecological fundamentals of nature management", in particular, when studying the topic "Industrial enterprises and waste disposal", on the subject "Fundamentals of jurisprudence" when studying the section "Environmental Law", can be used as information material when conducting extracurricular activities on environmental education.

And also in the subject "Chemistry" when studying the topics "The most important classes of inorganic compounds", "Water", "Production of sulfuric acid", "Production of nitric acid", "Production of ammonia", "Industrial oil processing".

This work is of applied importance, where the elements of research work are promised to be carried out independently and will help teachers in the formation of environmental culture.

Thus, by forming an ecological culture among students, a general culture of the individual is formed, aimed at forming the norms of moral, humane behavior of people and a thrifty attitude towards the environment - a condition for the formation of an ecological culture - the effective implementation of professional activities.

Bibliographic list:

Aksenov I. We and our land. M .: Young Guard, 1986.

Alekseeva A. The earth is our home. Publisher: Young Guard, 1999

Akhatov A. Ecology. Encyclopedic Dictionary. Kazan, Tatar book publishing house, 1995

Big Medical Encyclopedia, M, 2001 Editor-in-Chief – Academician V.V. Petrovsky; volume #4, edition 3; publisher: "Soviet Encyclopedia" Moscow, 1976. Publisher: CJSC Media Service Company; editor Matte Black.

Mamedov N.M. "Theoretical foundations" of environmental education - M.-1995.

Ursul A.D. “The way to the noosphere. The concept of survival and sustainable development "- M.-1993.

Attachment 1.

Questioning.

The survey results are shown in the graph:

Appendix 2

Bird's Dining Room - "Bird's Paradise".

Appendix 3

spruce protection

Neretin Ilya. 631 "Welding production"

Take care of the trees!

We are our Christmas trees, we take care of them very much,

And sorry, we don't give them to anyone.

You, not knowing how much benefit they bring to us,

Chop them without sparing, you with your ax.

Understand these big words

And thinking later, cut this Christmas tree or No !!!

Appendix 4

Let's clean up the city!

Appendix 5

Drawing competition.

Volkov Alexander 291 "Technology of mechanical engineering" -Ia place

Niyaz Nigemov 231 "Welding production"

Shaidullova Alsu 221 "Technology of catering products"

Kharisova Reseda 481 "Chemical technology of inorganic substances"

Safiulin Rail 951a, "Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles"

Appendix 6

Booklet competition.

Kreshchenov Mikhail. 481 "Chemical technology of inorganic substances"

Let's save the forests!

Pines

Forget the disease, open the window, inhale

pine early morning moisture,

meaningfully silent about the important,

and other things - do not notice at all.

Perhaps these pines are high

not because the design of nature,

but because the sailing fleet

put, contrary to nature.

And in each - a silent dream,

say - "dream", and you will hear - "mast",

everything else means nothing more

than squirrel empty fuss.

Everything else is wet cut,

and the prospect of living with phantom pain,

and see how it crosses the field

road leaving the forest.

Andrey Medinsky

The forest is the main wealth of man. It is called the lungs of the planet, it gives people wood, mushrooms and berries, serves as a home for animals. The forest will disappear from the globe, animals and birds will disappear, and man himself will disappear. And these are not big words, this is true. Preserving the forest is an important task for each of us.

Appendix 7

Table No. 1

The content of harmful substances in exhaust gases.

Substances

Gasoline engines

Diesels

Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) , about.%

0,0-16,0

1,0-10,0

Carbon monoxide (CO) , about.%

0,1-5,0

0,01-0,5

Nitrogen oxides (NO), about.%

0,0-0,8

0,0002-0,5

hydrocarbons(CH), about.%

0,2-3,0

0,09-0,5

Aldehydes, vol.%

0,0-0,2

0,001-0,009

Soot, g/m 3

0,0-0,04

0,01-1,10

Benzpyrene g/m 3

10-20 10 −6

10x10 −6

College area.

amount of transport

section length

time

number of vehicles per hour

specific fuel consumption

burned fuel

cars:

min

228

13,68

0,12

l/km

1,6416

liters

gazelle:

3,24

0,17

l/km

0,5508

liters

bus:

0,36

0,42

l/km

0,1512

liters

cargo:

0,33

l/km

liters

CO2 ( l)

CO( l)

NO( l)

exhaust volume

min.

Max.

min.

Max.

min.

Max.

cars:

26,2656

liters

4,202496

0,0262656

1,31328

0,2101248

gazelle:

8,8128

liters

1,410048

0,0088128

0,44064

0,0705024

bus:

2,4192

liters

0,387072

0,0024192

0,12096

0,0193536

cargo:

liters

The content of harmful substances.

Lenin Square

The number of vehicles on the roads.

amount of transport

section length

time

number of vehicles per hour

total distance traveled in 1 hour

specific fuel consumption

burned fuel

cars:

228

min

684

41,04

0,12

l/km

4,9248

liters

gazelle:

102

6,12

0,17

l/km

1,0404

liters

bus:

0,72

0,42

l/km

0,3024

liters

cargo:

0,33

l/km

liters

CO2 ( l)

CO( l)

NO( l)

exhaust volume

min.

Max.

min.

Max.

min.

Max.

cars:

78,7968

liters

12,60749

0,0787968

3,93984

0,6303744

gazelle:

16,6464

liters

2,663424

0,0166464

0,83232

0,1331712

bus:

4,8384

liters

0,774144

0,0048384

0,24192

0,0387072

cargo:

liters

The content of harmful substances.

Polyclinic ELAZ.

Number of vehicles on the roads

amount of transport

section length

time

number of vehicles per hour

total distance traveled in 1 hour

specific fuel consumption

burned fuel

cars:

228

min

684

41,04

0,12

l/km

4,9248

liters

gazelle:

102

6,12

0,17

l/km

1,0404

liters

bus:

0,72

0,42

l/km

0,3024

liters

cargo:

0,33

l/km

liters

CO2 ( l)

CO( l)

NO( l)

exhaust volume

min.

Max.

min.

Max.

min.

Max.

cars:

78,7968

liters

12,60749

0,0787968

3,93984

0,6303744

gazelle:

16,6464

liters

2,663424

0,0166464

0,83232

0,1331712

bus:

4,8384

liters

0,774144

0,0048384

0,24192

0,0387072

cargo:

liters

The content of harmful substances.

Based on the results obtained, a graph was constructed, where the contamination of individual microdistricts is clearly visible.

Comparison of atmospheric air pollution in microdistricts of the city.

Appendix 8

How to determine the hardness of water at home:

3,4.

5,6.

Appendix 9

Excursion to the water canal

At the water utility, for cleaning and disinfecting water, they add to itAl2 (SO4)3

Polyacrymilin

Filtration of water from large particles

Filters where water is purified using quartz sand

Nowadays, the word "ecology" sounds quite often. This important and complex science attracts not only eminent scientists, but also novice researchers. In order to make a good project on the topic "Environmental Ecology", the child must master the skills of research work.

Relevance of research

After the introduction of educational standards of the second generation in kindergartens and schools, the participation of children in project and research work became an obligatory element of each curriculum. Involving the younger generation in such activities contributes to the formation of an active citizenship. on the topic "Ecology of my city" can be the beginning of a great creative work aimed at improving the quality of life in your hometown.

How to decide on a topic

The most difficult stage for children is the choice of material for conducting their own experiments and experiments.

That is why the topics of research projects in ecology are often suggested by the teacher-mentor. Since this science connects several areas at once, knowledge of mathematics, physics, economics, chemistry, biology, and social science is used in the works considered by children.

Work elements

Any project on the topic "Problems of the ecology of my city" involves setting goals, research objectives, hypotheses, and choosing a methodology. In order to evaluate the novelty of the created material, a hypothesis (assumption) of the work is put forward.

For example, a project on the theme "Ecology and Economics" involves the selection of effective means to improve the environmental situation. It is difficult to imagine high-quality material on this problem without mathematical calculations, so this topic is suitable for high school students.

The project on the topic "City Ecology" is available to elementary school students. It can be arranged in the form of a beautiful presentation using ICT for this.

The topics of projects on ecology chosen by schoolchildren should be of interest to the researchers themselves. Otherwise, it will be difficult to talk about a productive and high-quality experiment.

Examples

Consider the topics of projects on ecology that modern schoolchildren can use in their scientific research:

"Man and Environment".
"Effects of carbon dioxide on human health".
"An effective remedy for the prevention of colds."
"How much money the state loses because of bad ecology."
"The negative impact of loud music on the psyche of adolescents".

The topics of projects on ecology may be different, only a small list of them is given above. Before embarking on his own experiment, a young scientist, together with his mentor, formulates tasks and thinks out a work plan.

Depending on the theme of the project on ecology, a certain methodology for conducting experiments and experiments is selected. In addition to carrying out the work itself, it is important to pay attention to the design of its results.

Some topics of projects on ecology involve the creation of documentaries, computer presentations, so the author will need to possess modern digital equipment.

Human health

An interesting project on the topic "Ecology and Man" can be made on the basis of an anonymous sociological survey. For example, if you use a simple technique, you can determine the level of oral hygiene in schoolchildren. We offer a project on the topic "Ecology and Man", which a high school student can complete.

"Teeth are very important for normal human life and activity. With their help, mechanical processing of food takes place. This gives a person the opportunity to use food products of different density. If food that has not passed normal grinding enters the stomach, this will lead to serious diseases of the gastrointestinal intestinal tract.

Mankind has learned to take care of its physical health, to remain capable until old age. Thanks to a healthy lifestyle, the good development of medicine, people have become much more resilient and active.

Enamel is a natural factor that allows you to resist dental caries. Nature took care to protect a person from various "aggressors" and ensure the resistance of tooth tissues to the negative effects of chemical compounds of organic and inorganic origin. But do we take good care of our "white diamonds"?"

Purpose and tasks of the work

The goal is to assess the quality of brushing teeth in schoolchildren of different ages.

analyze the methodology for determining the hygiene index;
consider the main functions of different toothpastes;
determine the index of hygiene in schoolchildren of different ages;
analyze the results obtained;
draw conclusions from the results of the study, give some recommendations

Hypothesis of the experiment: the hygiene index is determined by the age of schoolchildren.

Theoretical part

An individual project on the topic "Ecology and Man" characterizes the features of tooth enamel. It is a solid mineral substance in which minor organic compounds are allowed. Tooth enamel has high mechanical strength. This material is resistant to organic acids. The low solubility explains the insignificant level of exchange interactions. Such properties give the enamel the ability to withstand significant temperature fluctuations. Exchange processes in enamel are explained by chemical and physical laws.

In the crystals of tooth enamel there is a special organic network that cements them. Due to such a special structure of the intercrystalline substance, the features of the crystal itself, osmotic and diffusion processes actively proceed in the enamel.

Approximately one percent of its composition is water. Together with mineral and organic substances, it forms lymph. With its systematic circulation, the permeability of the enamel is ensured, it becomes possible for organic and mineral salts to get inside.

Risk factors

With age, there is a decrease in metabolic processes and the permeability of tooth enamel. That is why the risk of caries increases significantly. Solid food and careful chewing strengthen the enamel, increase its strength and acid resistance.

In order to prevent serious troubles, it is important to strengthen tooth enamel and increase its resistance. Among the effective preventive measures that allow solving this problem, we note the use of a vitamin complex, the use of calcium salts. For example, the use of calcium carbonate and bicarbonate contributes to the formation of a protective shell.

Also, substances containing fluorine and other microelements are used as prophylactic agents.

Fluorine forms a strong bond with tooth enamel, which significantly reduces its solubility, gives it strength in relation to carbohydrates and various bacteria. Of course, before proceeding with the prevention, it is necessary to consult a dentist.

Toothpastes are hygienic, do not erase the hard tissues of the teeth, and do not become infected during storage. Pastes are good for cleaning teeth. They remove plaque and prevent the formation of tartar.

Proper care of your teeth, which is complemented by a healthy, balanced diet, a healthy lifestyle, will certainly bring positive results. This behavior is an excellent option for caries prevention. It should be noted that at present the production of tooth powders and pastes has increased significantly in the world.

The main dental diseases are still dental caries and periodontal disease. The word "caries" should be understood as a significant softening and violation of the hardness of the dental tissue, the appearance of a cavity.

As the main causes of caries, experts note the destruction of the enamel layer under the influence of aggressive substances.

The development of this disease of the teeth is the result of several factors at once: the action of microorganisms, malnutrition, instability of tooth enamel. Microorganisms that accumulate on the surface, in the process of hydrolysis of carbohydrates, form an acid that destroys teeth.

Prevention

The caries prevention program involves certain actions:

limiting sugar intake, especially between main meals;
high-quality oral care, due to which plaque is removed in a timely manner;
additional enrichment of the body with fluoride preparations in case of its insufficient content in drinking water and food.

Tooth enamel is a collection of inorganic compounds. From a chemical point of view, it can be considered as a representative of the apatite group. Among a hundred different natural compounds of apatite, fluorapatite is closer to tooth enamel. That is why it is so important that the body does not experience a lack of fluorine.

Fluorapatite is formed in tooth enamel only when fluoride preparations enter the body in the optimal amount. This guarantees the resistance of teeth to the appearance of caries. The first sign of the disease is the appearance of a chalky white or yellow spot on the surface of a healthy tooth. It appears as a result of the gradual dissolution of tooth enamel. At this stage of the carious process, pain sensations are completely absent or slightly expressed: there may be a slight sensitivity to sweet, sour or temperature stimuli (cold or hot).

The sensitivity is so small that it is usually ignored. Proper oral hygiene is an integral part of the complex of all preventive measures aimed at ensuring the reduction of dental and periodontal diseases.

Features of funds

Currently, manufacturers offer a wide range of different toothpastes. Their main components are abrasive (cleansing), gel-forming, as well as foam-forming substances, which significantly improve its taste. Abrasives allow you to polish and clean your teeth from plaque.

Laboratory studies have established that abrasive substances enter into chemical interaction with inorganic substances of tooth enamel. That is why, in addition to chalk, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate and aluminum oxide are added to toothpastes.

Often manufacturers try to use several components at once, which significantly improves the quality of the finished product.

Any abrasive compound has a certain degree of hardness, as well as certain chemical properties. It is on them that the mechanical strength, as well as resistance to the chemical components of the finished product, directly depends.

Foaming agents are often used in toothpastes. For example, it can be surface-active compounds. Like other chemical components, they can negatively affect the oral mucosa. The compounds used should not affect the taste parameters of the paste, its appearance, mechanical characteristics.

conclusions

After the experiment, the following conclusions were made:

A poor hygiene index indicates that children are not taking good care of their teeth.
The hypothesis posed at the beginning of the work was not confirmed. During the experiment, it was possible to find out that there is no direct relationship between oral hygiene and age.
Also, the quality of teeth cleaning can be affected by schoolchildren's lack of knowledge about the correct methods of brushing their teeth.

In order to avoid trouble with your teeth, we offer:

conduct special conversations for students about how important it is to take care of their teeth, how to do it correctly;
for oral care, it is necessary to use those toothpastes that the dentist will advise, based on the individual characteristics of the patient, and not advertised products.

The material presented above can be used as a biology project on the topic "Ecology and Man" when performing the practical task of the Olympiad.