The project reserved places of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Coursework: Reserves of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Central Siberian State Natural Biosphere Reserve
Over the past 4 centuries, more than 150 species of animals have become extinct on the planet, half of which have disappeared in the last 50 years. Every year there are fewer and fewer corners of nature that are not touched by mankind. Every year the Red Book, its lists, are replenished with new animals and plants.
Russia is the only country in the world where the reserve is not only a territory protected by the state, but also a scientific institution.
The goals of state natural reserves are the preservation and study of natural phenomena and processes, the protection of certain species of flora and fauna.
7 large reserves have been formed, with their own goals, features, flora and fauna, sometimes inherent only to them.
It is the largest reserve not only in Russia itself, but also in Eurasia as a whole. It is located on the Taimyr Peninsula and on the islands of the Taimyr Autonomous Okrug. It was created to protect birds during migration in the North Atlantic direction. Its total area is 4169222 hectares, together with the sea area.
In the reserve you can find 16 species of mammals, 4 of which are marine. There are such species of waterfowl as the small swan, four varieties of ducks and geese. About 80% of all black geese, and in particular, their molting and nesting places, are taken under protection here. Their main concentrations are on the islands of the Kara Sea, both in colonies and in pairs.
State Biosphere Reserve "Sayanno-Shushensky".
This reserve is located in the center of the Western Sayan, in the vastness of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, and more precisely in the Shushensky and Ermakovsky districts. The main purpose of the reserve is to protect the sable, which is the most valuable fur-bearing animal. Another feature of the reserve can be considered the study of the influence of the Sayano-Shushenskoye reservoir on ecosystems.
It is located south of the Taimyr Peninsula and has an area of over 250 thousand square kilometers. In the open spaces of the reserve, you can see such rare plants as the spotted slipper, Asian bathing suit, motley poppy, holly, long-horned dandelion, etc. The Puttorana plateau is home to large breeding grounds for the gyrfalcon and white-tailed eagle in Siberia. Putorana snow sheep live in the center of the plateau. Also here you can meet a lot of wolves, wolverines and bears, whose role in local biocenoses is very large.
Reserve Stolby.
Not far from the southwestern border of the Krasnoyarsk Reserve, on the banks of the Yenisei, is the Stolby Reserve. Its area is 47154 hectares. It was organized to protect the beautiful rocky massif Stolby. Its flora is diverse and includes about 750 vascular plants and over 250 species of mosses. Also on the territory of the reserve there are over 291 species of vertebrates. A huge number of plants presented here are inscribed in the Red Book of Russia. The main attraction is the rocks, some of which are open to everyone, and some are located in the depths of the reserve. In the Bazaikha Valley, adjacent to the city, there are a number of slopes for skiers.
It is located in the northern part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, on the Taimyr Peninsula. With an area of 1781928 hectares, it includes 4 parts, and a branch in the Laptev Sea, with an area of 37018 hectares. The status of a biosphere reserve was awarded to it by UNESCO in 1995. In the reserve you can find 432 species of vascular plants, 220 varieties of mosses and 266 different lichens. The fauna of the reserve, which is quite rare, is small, and includes only 23 species. Despite this, 3 of them are specially protected mammals. Lemmings are among them. The most common predator of the reserve can be considered such an animal as the arctic fox.
In the Tunguska depression, there is another important reserve of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, which has a swampy area. The main part of the fauna is taiga species. There are more than 30 different species of fish in the reserve and adjacent territories. The wolverine and the brown bear make up the majority of the predators in this area. In the river valleys it is possible to meet a fox. You can also meet here 3 species of ungulates. 
This reserve extends on the western part of the plateau of Central Siberia, as well as in the Yenisei valley and a small part of Podkamennaya Tunguska. The main purpose of the construction of the reserve is to study and preserve the water and terrestrial natural places of the middle taiga Siberia. Its area is located on 972017 hectares. The fauna of the reserve includes 34 species of freshwater fish. 
protected area- These are special areas of territories where endangered species of flora and fauna grow and live. The entire area of this territory retains its original habitat: soil, relief, water bodies, natural landscape. This is a monitored and protected area where you can not hunt and have picnics with fires. Any activity: deforestation, planting of cultivated plants, fishing, etc. is prohibited here. Often, it is not possible and impossible to move around on your own in nature reserves, but there are separate territories in which it is allowed to pass and admire the wildlife. In order to do something like this, it is necessary to obtain permission from the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation or the management of the protected area. Our country is rich in beautiful untouched natural places, one of which is the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
The Great Arctic Reserve, which is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory
The protected area was founded in 1993 and is the leader in Eurasia among protected natural areas. The area of the territory is 2,007,069 thousand hectares. The reserve includes part of the Taimyr Peninsula, nearby wild islands, sea spaces, bays, rivers and bays in this area. The protected area is divided into 35 contours.
It is a reserve of two natural sides: the arctic deserts, as well as the arctic tundra, in which most of the permafrost is from 0.200 to 0.900 km. Nine months The large Arctic stretch of nature is covered with snow, which falls in October and completely thaws only in June.
Over 162 species of higher wild plants grow here, 89 species of mosses, fifteen species of fungi, among which there is a white-skinned fibrous, seventy species of lichens. The fauna is also diverse, but it lags behind the flora in terms of species.
Putoransky Reserve Krasnodar Territory
The area of the Putoransky Reserve is 1,887,000 hectares, it is located in the polar region of the Krasnodar Territory, in the northwestern part of the Central Siberian Plateau, south of the Taimyr Peninsula. The territory of the reserve is named after the Putorano Plateau. It was created to preserve the beauty of nature in its natural form. The bighorn sheep recorded in the Red Book of the Russian Federation lives here. Also, these places are known for the most incredibly large population of reindeer. The reserve is listed as a natural monument of the UNESCO World Heritage, thanks to the richest and most beautiful combination of taiga, arctic desert, mountain range, forest tundra, virgin lakes, rivers and waterfalls in one place. 
Protected area Pillars of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
The area is relatively small, 47.2 thousand hectares, the reserve was created at the request of Krasnoyarsk residents, who wished to preserve pillars - rocks of an unusual shape.
The pillars are allowed to be visited by tourist teams. It is allowed to spend time among the indescribable beauty of wild nature, and even go rock climbing. Clean air, beautiful surroundings offer excellent communication and new acquaintances. This type of tourism even got a name - "stolbism". In this reserve, in the thicket of the forest, there are also "Wild Pillars", to which access is prohibited.
The protected area is also rich in various species of animals, birds and plants, some of which are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. Someone will certainly be lucky to see the rarest birds and mammals in the wild natural environment. 
The Krasnoyarsk Territory is rich in reserves, there are eight of them:
- Central Siberian Reserve;
- Pillars;
- Putorana State Nature Reserve;
- National Park "Shushensky Bor";
- Krasnoyarsk Big Arctic Reserve;
- Taimyr protected area;
- Biosphere Reserve "Sayano-Shushensky" on a state basis;
- Tunguska reserve.
The Krasnoyarsk Territory is unusual and beautiful, rich in natural resources, flora and fauna. In the reserves of this region, nature has retained its virgin beauty. Everyone should visit these luxurious untouched places at least once in their life.
The Great Arctic Reserve has a total area of 4,169,222 ha, including 980,934 ha of marine waters. Due to its cluster structure, it covers an area of 1000 km from west to east and 500 km from north to south. The reserve consists of seven sections (they, in turn, include 34 separate clusters): Dixon-Sibiryakovsky, the islands of the Kara Sea, Pyasinsky, Middendorf Bay, the Nordensheld archipelago, lower Taimyr, the Chelyuskin Peninsula. The reserve is subordinated to the federal reserve "Severozemelsky" with an area of 421,701 hectares and the reserve of regional significance "Brekhovskie Islands" with an area of 288,487 hectares.
Of the representatives of the flora of higher plants, 162 species belonging to 28 families were noted in the reserve. According to the number of species, cereals, cabbage, cloves, saxifrage and sedge are distinguished. Among the flowering plants, a colorful, brightly flowering species stands out - the cushion poppy. 15 species of fungi have been identified, lichens are widely distributed here - 70 species.
A comparison of the flora indicates that an important botanical-geographical boundary between the western and eastern Siberian flora passes between Sibiryakov Island and Meduza Bay. This is one of the manifestations of the Yenisei biogeographic boundary - the largest meridional boundary of this kind in the Palearctic.
There are 16 species of mammals in the reserve (wolves, arctic foxes, polar bears, wolverines, musk oxen, reindeer, lemmings, etc.), of which 4 species are marine animals (walruses, beluga whales, etc.).
Waterfowl are one of the main objects of protection in the reserve. Four species of geese, a small swan and four species of ducks nest here. The Great Arctic Reserve took under protection the nesting and molting sites of 80% of all black geese of the nominative subspecies wintering in Western Europe. In the lower reaches of the Lower Taimyr River, there are the largest molting aggregations of the non-breeding part of the population of this subspecies, numbering up to 50,000 birds in the early 1990s. The main breeding concentrations of the black goose are located on the islands of the Kara Sea, where they nest in scattered colonies and single pairs.
State Natural Biosphere Reserve "Sayano-Shushensky" is located in the center of the Western Sayan and the Altai-Sayan mountainous country, on the territory of the Shushensky and Ermakovsky districts of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The history of the creation of the reserve is connected with the need to preserve the sable as the most valuable fur-bearing animal. The impact of the Sayano-Shushenskoye reservoir on natural ecosystems is also being studied in the reserve. During the existence of the reserve, its area has increased twice and now it is 390,368 hectares. The reserve has a Museum of Nature.
Putoransky State Nature Reserve.
The Putorana Plateau lies to the south of the Taimyr Peninsula, occupying most of the vast rectangle formed by the Yenisei, Kheta, Kotui and Nizhnyaya Tunguska rivers and stretching for about 650 km both from north to south and from west to east. The area of the plateau is more than 250 thousand square meters. km.
The preliminary list of higher plants of the reserve includes 398 species (61% of the flora of the plateau). On the territory of the reserve there are rare plant species: Rhodiola rosea, spotted slipper, white-haired poppy, Asian bathing suit; Putorana endemics - Sambuca grains, late marigold, motley poppy and Putoran holly; endemic of the Putorana and Byrranga mountains - eared fescue; endemics of the north of Siberia - long-nosed rush, Taimyr ostrich and long-horned dandelion.
In faunistic terms, the Putorana mountain system is less clearly separated from the surrounding plains than it is floristically. Only one subspecies belongs to the endemics of this country - the Putorana snow sheep. In general, the fauna of terrestrial vertebrates is characterized by a combination of tundra, taiga, and widespread mountain species. The Putorana Plateau is the northern limit of distribution in Central Siberia of the column, sable, lynx, elk, northern pika, flying squirrel, squirrel, forest lemming, goshawk, common and stone capercaillie, hazel grouse, common and deaf cuckoo, hawk owl, bearded and long-tailed owl, woodpeckers , many species of waders and passerines. Putorana is the main breeding area for the gyrfalcon and white-tailed eagle in the north of Central Siberia. In the southeastern part of the plateau, the baby curlew nests, and the main part of the population of the Putoran snow sheep lives in the central part. There are numerous wolf, wolverine, bear, which play an important role in local biocenoses.
Reserve Stolby.
The reserve is located on the right bank of the Yenisei near the southwestern outskirts of Krasnoyarsk. The reserve was organized to protect the natural complexes of the picturesque rocky massif of the Stolby tract. The area of the reserve is 47,154 hectares.
The flora of the reserve includes about 740 vascular plants and 260 moss species. Fir taiga prevails, typical of the middle mountains of the Eastern Sayan Mountains.
290 species of vertebrates have been identified on the territory of the reserve. The fauna has a pronounced taiga appearance (forest voles, sable, musk deer, hazel grouse, etc.) with the inclusion of forest-steppe species (Siberian roe deer, steppe polecat, long-tailed ground squirrel, etc.).
Among the plants listed in the Red Book of Russia are bulbous calypso, real and large-flowered slippers, May palmate root, hood flower nest, helmet-bearing orchid, pinnate feather grass; among birds - osprey, golden eagle, saker falcon, peregrine falcon, etc.
The main attraction of the reserve are the rocks. The common name for all rocks is "Pillars", although all rocks and even some stones have their own names. There are directly "Pillars" - rocks open to tourists, and "Wild Pillars" - rocks located in the depths of the reserve, access to which is limited.
Places visited by tourists can be divided into three regions.
Funpark "Bobrovy Log", a chairlift that starts in the valley of the Bazaikha River, runs along the ski slope and ends at the top of the ridge, from where a magnificent panorama of the reserve and many rocks opens. In the immediate vicinity is the Takmak rock complex, the largest in the reserve.
Rock "Feathers" "Central Pillars" - an area 7 km from the border of the reserve, which can be reached by public transport, covering an area of about 5 by 10 km. Here are unique rocks of their kind: Grandfather, Feathers, Lion Gates, Pillars from I to IV and many others. The most popular passages to the top of the cliff have their own names "Blue Coils", "Chimney".
The "Chinese Wall" is located in the valley of the Bazaikha River, at the foot of Takmak. In addition to the "Chinese Wall" itself, the Yermak rock and a group of small rocks "Sparrows" - Tsypa, Zhaba, etc., are located in this area.
In the part of the reserve immediately adjacent to the city, in the Bazaikha valley, there are several ski slopes. The main ones are Beaver Log and Kashtak.
Taimyr Biosphere Reserve- Created February 23, 1979. One of the largest nature reserves in Russia, located in the north of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, on the Taimyr Peninsula. The Taimyr Nature Reserve has a cluster character and consists of 4 sections. The area is 1,781,928 ha, the branch includes 37,018 ha of the offshore area of the Laptev Sea. In 1995, by decision of the UNESCO MAB, the Taimyr Reserve received the status of a biosphere reserve. The entire territory of the reserve is located in the zone of continuous permafrost.
The Taimyr Peninsula, on which the reserve is located, is the most northerly continental part of the land in the world. Therefore, the organizers of the reserve sought to cover the greatest variety of zonal natural landscapes - arctic, typical and southern tundra, as well as pre-tundra light forests (forest tundra) by the territory. 430 species of higher vascular plants, 222 species of mosses and 265 species of lichens grow on the territory of the reserve. The fauna of the Taimyr Reserve cannot be called rich - it has only 23 species, of which more than half are rare or episodic in the reserve. However, for these latitudes it is completely typical. 3 species of mammals are specially protected. One of the smallest, but very important animals are lemmings - Siberian and hoofed. A fairly common inhabitant of the reserve is the white hare. The most common predator is the arctic fox. Another predator of the reserve is the wolf. The most common representative of mustelids in the reserve is the ermine. Another representative of the mustelids, the wolverine, is extremely rare, and it is still not even clear whether it breeds in the reserve. One of the unique features of the reserve is the northernmost forests in the world. There are no specially equipped tourist routes, it is necessary to agree on a case-by-case basis. Scientific and educational tourism is possible (observation of birds, other objects of fauna), but it should be borne in mind that the dates and even places of interesting phenomena - the mass passage of birds, migration of deer, musk oxen - may vary depending on the natural conditions of the year, so it may be required adjustment of the tour program. Sports tourism is also possible, two routes are described for this purpose. 21 species of mammals have been recorded in the reserve (not counting some pinnipeds and cetaceans swimming in the waters of the Arctic area), 110 species of birds, 74 of which have been proven to nest, and more than 15 species of fish are found in rivers and lakes. The animal world of mountain landscapes is rather poor. There are few wintering species: lemmings, snowy owl, occasionally reindeer, arctic foxes, musk oxen stay in the mountains in winter. In the summer, snow bunting and wheatear are numerous in the mountains, and crunch and sandpiper - rubythroat are found only here. Turnstone is much more common in the mountains than on the plains, where it is noted only in the tundra adjacent to the mountains. The herring gull in the mountains abruptly changes nesting stations and settles in colonies on impregnable remnants of rocks, mostly limestone. Of the birds of prey, the upland buzzard (Rough-legged Rough-legged Buzzard) and the peregrine falcon are common, arranging nests on hard-to-reach rock ledges. There is a gyrfalcon. There are many hares in the mountains, an ermine settles in the stone ruins of the lower belt, and a wolverine is found. The number of lemmings in the mountains is lower than in the plains. More common are the ungulate lemmings, traces of which can be found quite high; Siberian lemming prefers to settle in swamps and meadows of hollows. The number of arctic fox in the mountains is much lower than on the plains - this is due to the lack of convenient places for burrowing. Arctic fox burrows are common only in intermountain basins, especially on sandy-loamy ancient sea terraces. In general, the animal world is richer in the basins than in the mountains themselves; sometimes real oases of life come across here. Mountain river valleys are natural migration corridors for wild reindeer; in the eastern part of the reserve ("Bikada") in the intermountain basins in the summer there are large groups of musk oxen, and in the west one can meet single males. Hares are found everywhere in hollows, especially along wide valleys of streams with willows and meadows. There is unconfirmed information about entering the valley of the river. Fadyukuda brown bear.
Tunguska Reserve is located in the part of the Siberian platform, called the Tunguska depression, or syneclise. The modern terrain is a low plateau, composed of loose Quaternary deposits from the surface and dissected by deeply incised river valleys into separate, sometimes resembling ridges, elongated flat interfluves. The area is heavily swamped. Separate outcrops of trap bodies rise in the form of cone-shaped hills or mesas with a relative height of 100-300 m. y. m. The second highest peak - Mount Farrington - is located near the site of the Tunguska disaster. Its absolute height is 522 m. The chain of hills between the Kimchu and Khushma rivers is cut by the hanging valley of the Churgim stream, which forms a spectacular waterfall 10 m high.
The vegetation cover of the region is formed by forests, swampy shrub communities and woodlands, swamps, meadows, groupings of rubble slopes and kurumniks, and aquatic vegetation. Forests occupy about 70% of the area of the reserve. Mixed larch-pine and birch-pine-larch forest stands predominate with a well-defined shrub layer and poorly developed grass cover.
The fauna of the reserve is not particularly diverse and is mainly represented by widespread taiga species typical of the middle taiga subzone of Central Siberia. Currently, 145 species of birds have been recorded for the territory. According to preliminary data, more than 30 species of fish are found in the reserve and the adjacent part of Podkamennaya Tunguska. Of the order of carnivores for the territory of the reserve, the most characteristic are sable, brown bear, wolverine. Few wolves. In the valleys of larger rivers, the fox is found. Ermine is not numerous, weasel is rare. For the reserve, one meeting of traces of an otter is also known (on the Khushma River in February 1996) and an American mink (at the mouth of the Ukakitkon River in November 1997). Three species of ungulates are found in the reserve: elk is relatively common, wild reindeer of the taiga subspecies more rare, musk deer is very rare in the southern part of the reserve.
Central Siberian State Natural Biosphere Reserve located on the western outskirts of the central part of the Central Siberian Plateau and in the valley of the middle reaches of the Yenisei, and also captures a small section of the Podkamennaya Tunguska valley ("Tunguska Pillars"). The main goal of organizing the reserve is to preserve and study the very diverse terrestrial and aquatic natural complexes of the middle taiga Siberia from its central part, the landscapes of the floodplain and the Yenisei valley, the river itself and its tributaries. This is the only nature reserve in Russia where both banks of one of the great rivers of Eurasia are protected at a considerable distance (60 km). The area of the reserve is 972,017 hectares.
46 species of mammals are registered on the territory of the reserve. Over 500 vascular plants are found on its territory. The fauna of the reserve includes 34 species of freshwater fish.
Shushensky Bor National Park located on the territory of the Shushensky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, on the right bank of the Yenisei. It consists of two sections - a flat one in the Minusinsk Basin and a mountainous one on the northern macroslope of the Western Sayan. The purpose of creation is the protection and organization of recreational use of the southern taiga forest and mountain forest ecosystems of the Western Sayan and numerous historical and archaeological sites. The area of the park is 39,173 hectares.
The northern part of the park is represented by a flat forest-meadow-steppe landscape. It is characterized by pine forests on sand dunes, the so-called ribbon forests, interdune depressions with pine-birch forests, and lake-marsh complexes. The southern part of the park is part of the Western Sayan mountain system and includes mountain-taiga landscapes typical of the northern slope of the Western Sayan and the northern part of the Eastern Sayan with a pronounced vertical zonality.
More than 254 species of terrestrial vertebrates have been recorded in the park: 45 species of mammals, more than 200 species of birds, 5 reptiles, 4 species of amphibians. The predominant species of mammals are: hare, squirrel, bear, fox, sable, red deer, roe deer, musk deer, elk, wild boar. There are also wolf, lynx, wolverine, weasel, ermine, steppe polecat, American mink, otter.
Nature Park "Ergaki" located in the central part of the Western Sayan in the south of the Ermakovsky district (Krasnoyarsk Territory), 150 km south of Minusinsk. The park was created on April 4, 2005 as a specially protected natural area of regional significance. According to the ecological and recreational value of natural areas, the park is divided into three zones with different protection regimes: a special protection zone (25% of the area, 54,200 hectares) - an area where any type of human activity is prohibited, including hunting and tourism; recreational and tourist zone (73% of the territory, 157,220 ha) - designed for ecological, sports (mountaineering, winter sports) tourism and development of traditional types of nature management; economic zone (2% of the territory, 5580 ha), which is located in the center of the park and is intended for development with tourism facilities. The main problems of the park are wild uncontrolled tourism, unauthorized construction of tourist facilities on its territory, poaching and illegal forest management.
Each mountain peak in the Ergaki Nature Park has a unique shape and no less interesting names, for example: Bird, Camel, Dragon Tooth, Parabola. All this suggests that when visiting the park you can find a great variety of mountain forms. The highest mountains of the park are the peak in the Aradansky mountain range (2466 m) and the Zvezdny peak (2265 m) in the central part of the Ergaki ridge. The place of pilgrimage for all creative people and connoisseurs of beauty is the Pass of Artists. From here a wide panorama of the central part of the Ergaki mountain range, the valley of the Left Taigish river opens.
The visiting card of the natural park "Ergaki" - "Sleeping Sayan". This is a chain of mountain peaks resembling a lying giant with arms folded across his chest. An unforgettable view of the "Sleeping Sayan" opens from the highway that crosses the natural park. According to one legend, the "Sleeping Sayan" is the eternal guardian of the taiga, the protector of the forest and its inhabitants. According to legend, in the old days there lived a simple and fair man named Sayan, who loved and protected the taiga. He understood the language of animals and birds, protected all living things. He was unusually strong and had no equal among people, therefore, when he died, the gods decided to turn his body into stone and allowed him to guard "Ergaki" for the next generations of people. Many years have passed since then, a lot of water has flowed under the bridge, but the Sayan is still guarding the taiga. He is the eternal stone guardian.
No less amazing than the "Sleeping Sayan" is the "Hanging Stone". This is a huge stone weighing 10 tons and a volume of 30 cubic meters, which is located on the top of one of the peaks and looms menacingly over the abyss.
Sanctuaries are parts of a territory or water area where certain species of animals, plants or part of a natural complex (landscape) are protected for a number of years or constantly, in certain seasons or all year round. The economic use of other natural resources is permitted in such a form that does not cause damage to the protected object or complex.
By status, they are divided into reserves of federal and regional significance, by profile - into complex (landscape), intended for the conservation and restoration of natural complexes (natural landscapes); biological (zoological, botanical), intended for the conservation and restoration of rare and endangered species of plants and animals, as well as valuable species in economic, scientific and cultural terms; paleontological, intended for the conservation of fossil objects; hydrological (swamp, lake, river, marine), designed to preserve and restore valuable water bodies and ecological systems, and geological.
Currently, there is one complex ecological and ethnographic reserve of republican significance "Eloguysky" and 21 nature reserves of regional significance on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, on a total area of 1824.12 thousand hectares.
State Ecological and Ethnographic Preserve of Republican Significance "Eloguysky" with an area of 747.6 thousand hectares is located on the territory of the Turukhansky district in the northern part of the Sym-Dubchesky mid-taiga upland in the basin of the river. Elogui.
This reserve was created without a time limit in order to protect the ecosystems of the middle taiga, maintain the ecological balance in the basin of the river. Yelogui, to preserve the cultural heritage and habitat of the indigenous peoples of the North. It is an integral part of the biosphere range of the Central Siberian Reserve and is subordinate to it.
The main area of the reserve is occupied by larch-cedar and larch-cedar-spruce middle taiga forests, dark coniferous taiga and pine forests are less common. The fauna is typical for the middle taiga and is represented by such species as sable, squirrel, Siberian weasel, wolf, elk, capercaillie, hazel grouse and others. The fauna includes 350 species of vertebrates. In this territory, there are species listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation - peregrine falcon, osprey, golden eagle, white-tailed eagle and gyrfalcon.
State reserves of regional significance occupy an area of 1076.52 thousand hectares, located in the territories of 25 administrative districts of the region in various natural and climatic zones (Table 2).
The first reserves in the Krasnoyarsk Territory were organized more than 30 years ago; in 1963, by decision of the Krasnoyarsk Territory Executive Committee, 18 reserves of regional significance were established for a period of 10 years, mainly in lands where beavers and Barguzin sables were released; 11 of them are still active today. The last reserve "Bolshaya Pashkina" was organized in July 2001 in the Shushensky district in order to preserve highly productive cedar forests, unique for the region, as well as rare and relic species of plants and animals associated with them.
The state natural reserves "Arga", "Solgonsky ridge" and "Sisimsky" are complex in profile, the rest are zoological.
Most of the reserves are aimed at the conservation, restoration and reproduction of valuable hunting and commercial species of wild animals along with their habitat. The Bolshemurtinsky, Talsko-Garevsky, and Krasnoturansky Bor nature reserves are engaged in the protection of Siberian roe deer in places of mass concentrations on migration and wintering routes, as well as upland game.
Priority objects of protection in the Ubeysko-Salbinsky, Khabyksky, Kebezhsky, Bolshe-Kemchugsky, Malo-Kemchugsky, Kemsky, Makovsky, Bolshe-Kassky nature reserves are the acclimatized beaver, as well as other species of near-water animals (otter, mink).
The territories of many reserves are inhabited by animals listed in the Red Books of the Russian Federation, for example, peregrine falcon (Bolshe-Kemchugsky, Malo-Kemchugsky and Prichulymsky reserves), osprey (Ubeysko-Salbinsky, Taybinsky, B-Kemchugsky and Sisimsky reserves), white-tailed eagle (reserves "Arga" and Berezovsky), Saker Falcon (B-Kemchugsky, Sisimsky). Black stork sightings have been recorded in the Arga, Solgonsky Kryazh, Prichulymsky and Taybinsky nature reserves; there is reliable information about the stay during the nesting period of the common crane in the Taibinsky and Bolshemurtinsky reserves.
In the Krasnoturansky Bor reserve there is a colony of gray herons, unique for the region, numbering about 100 nesting pairs.
By 2005, it is planned to organize 45 new state nature reserves of regional significance with a total area of 2087.92 thousand hectares.
A complete list of state nature reserves of regional significance operating in the Krasnoyarsk Territory is given in Table 2.
Table 2 - State natural reserves of regional significance
|
Name of protected area |
Year of creation |
Area, thousand ha |
Administrative position of protected areas (districts) |
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|
Achinsky, Bogotolsky Nazarovsky |
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|
birch oak forest |
Nazarovsky, Uzhursky, Sharypovsky |
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|
Berezovsky |
Sharypovsky |
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|
B-Kassky |
Yenisei |
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|
B-Kemchugsky |
Kozulsky, Emelyanovsky |
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|
B-Murtinsky |
Bolshemurtinsky |
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|
Kandatsky |
Tyukhtetsky, B-Uluysky, Birilyussky |
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|
Kebezhsky |
Ermakovsky, Karatuzsky |
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|
Kazachinsky, Pirovsky |
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|
Krasnoturansky Bor |
Krasnoturansky |
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|
Makovsky |
Yenisei, Birilyussky |
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|
Malo-Kemchugsky |
Emelyanovsky, B-Murtinsky |
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|
prichulymsky |
Achinsky, Bogotolsky |
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|
Sisimsky |
Kuraginskiy |
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|
Solgon Ridge |
Uzhursky, Nazarovsky, Balakhtinsky |
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|
Taybinsky |
Irbeysky |
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|
Talsko-Garevsky |
Sukhobuzimsky |
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Turukhansky |
Turukhansky |
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Ubeysko-Salbinsky |
Novoselovsky, Krasnoturansky |
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Khabyksky |
Idrinsky |
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Bolshaya Pashkina |
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