Developed countries of Latin America. Latin America. The composition and geographical position of Latin America. The most dangerous countries in Latin America

On no map or globe will you find a mainland or continent called Latin America. Latin America includes the former colonies of Spain and Portugal. America consists of 20 countries that stretch from Mexico to the extreme point of Argentina and speak Spanish.

The territory of Latin America is 15% of the total area of the globe. The largest countries of their area and location are written below. What countries are among the largest in size in the unknown, distant and so mysterious Latin America. The land where the Mayan and Aztec tribes lived - the greatest warriors and scientists of our planet.

The country is located in the northern part of South America. Neighbors with three states of the mainland, and is also washed by the endless waters of the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. According to legend, the country owes its name to the navigator Amerigo Vespucci, who reminded the dwellings of local residents of Venice and called them Venezuela, and then they began to call the whole country like that. Nowadays, 28,459,085 people live in the country. The country is divided into 23 states, and the area of the state is 916,445 km². According to this indicator, Venezuela ranks 32nd in the ranking of the largest countries in the world and 7th in its region.

The full name of this Latin American country is the Plurinational State of Bolivia. The state is located in the central part of South America. Due to its geographical location, Bolivia has many neighbors and borders Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Chile and Peru, but does not have direct access to the sea. Bolivia is a mountainous country on its territory, the world-famous Andes mountains stretch. The state is divided into 9 departments, in which 10,461,053 Bolivians live. The area of Bolivia is 1,098,580 km² and therefore it ranks 6th in Latin America and 27th worldwide.

The Republic of Colombia is the correct name for this South American state located in the northwest of the mainland. The country got its name in honor of the great Portuguese navigator Christopher Columbus. Colombia borders five countries and also has access to the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. Only two states of South America have access to the two world oceans, the Atlantic and the Pacific, and Colombia is one of them.

The country does not lack water also because many rivers flow through it, including the Amazon. Colombia is divided into departments, of which there are 32 in the country, plus the capital district, which has a special status. The population of the country is 45,745,783 people, and the area of the state 1,141,748 km², making it the fifth largest country in Latin America and 25th in the world.

The Republic of Peru is a country located in the northern part of South America. Peru neighbors Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Bolivia and Chile, and is washed by the Pacific Ocean. On the territory of modern Peru, the settlement of the Indians lived in the 10th century BC. Also, the ancestors of modern Peruvians were the great Inca warriors of South America, who built the majestic Inca empire that lasted about 300 years. There are many rivers and lakes flowing in the country, including the world-famous Lake Titicaca. Since 2002, the administrative division of the country has been transformed from departments to regions, and the country is now divided into 25 regions. The territory of Peru is 1,285,220 km² and according to this indicator, the country ranks 19th in the world. And there are 30 million 475144 descendants of the Incas living in the country.

The United Mexican States opens the top three largest countries in Latin America by area, this is the full name of Mexico. Mexico borders the United States, Belize and Guatemala, and also has access to two bays - the Caribbean and Mexico, and the waters of the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. On the lands of modern Mexico, the Aztec and Maya tribes lived, who were hundreds of years ahead of all mankind in development and disappeared from the face of the earth unexpectedly and in an unknown direction. The administrative division of Mexico consists of 31 states and one federal district. The territory of the country is 1,972,550 km² and this is the 13th indicator in the world and the third in Latin America. 120,286,655 people live in the country.

The Argentine Republic is located in the southeast of the South American continent. The country has five neighbors: Chile, Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil and Uruguay, and is also bordered by the Atlantic Ocean. Like all countries of the continent, Argentina developed under the influence of first the Spaniards, and then the British. Argentina still has strained relations with Great Britain because of the Falkland Islands, which are claimed by both states. In the vast territory of Argentina, you can find a variety of landscapes and climates. Rivers, lakes, mountains, deserts, volcanoes and caves coexist in the country. Argentina consists of 23 provinces and one autonomous region. The population of the state is 42 million 610 thousand people. The territory of the state is 2,780,400 square kilometers and this is the eighth indicator in the world and the second in Latin America.

In the first place in a kind of ranking of the largest countries in Latin America is Brazil. The area of the country is 8,514,877 km² and according to this indicator, it ranks fifth in the world, second only to such geographic and economic giants as Russia, Canada, China and the United States.

Brazil stretches across almost the entire territory of South America and borders on all countries of the mainland except Ecuador and Chile, and is also washed by the Atlantic Ocean. The main river arteries of all of Latin America pass through the country: the Amazon, Parana, Uruguay and dozens of large and not very rivers. The country is also famous for its many caves, most of which have not yet been explored by mankind. Brazil is divided into states and districts, with a total of 26 states and one federal district. The population of the state is 201 million people and this is also the fifth figure in the world.

Which consists of two continents, South and North America, and a number of adjacent islands. It was discovered on October 12, 1492 during the expedition of Christopher Columbus, who actually intended to find a sea route to India and China. Most of the local population speaks languages of the Indo-European family. So, in North America they speak mainly English, in Mexico and South America - in Spanish, in Brazil - in Portuguese, and in Canada - in French.

Territorial division

The countries of the Americas are grouped as follows:

Latin America: countries and capitals

This region is located between the USA and Antarctica, on its territory there are 33 states and 13 colonies. The area of the region covers about 15% of the entire land area of the planet. The very term "Latin" in the name of this part of America is explained simply. The languages spoken by the inhabitants of this region are derived from Latin.

Latin American countries are divided into the following categories:

Latin America includes Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, etc. The capital of Brazil is the city of Brasilia. Every year the state is visited by a huge number of tourists. Sunny Brazil attracts with both classical architectural monuments and beautiful parks and waterfalls. Argentina is another colorful country, its capital is Buenos Aires. It is famous for its miles of sunny beaches and friendly people. And finally, Mexico, with its capital in the city of Mexico City, is widely known throughout the world for its cuisine.

Central American countries

This region is located between South and North America. The countries of this region, which were listed above, although they do not stand out in economic terms, still play an important role in the political arena of this part of the world. This is mainly because important transport arteries connecting the two continents pass through them.

The countries of America, North and South, are connected by the Panama Canal. Despite the relative economic stability of the states and their geopolitical advantages, the level of development of even the largest cities remains unsatisfactory. This is due to the constant outflow of the population to the United States and South America in search of a better life (although the opposite is also true - people leave precisely from disorder, wanting to improve their lives).

Most of the states of Central America have access to the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. This helps to maintain a constant influx of tourists wishing to soak up the beaches. Only two states have access to just one of the oceans, these are El Salvador and Belize.

United States of America

The United States remains the most developed state in this part of the world (and from a variety of points of view). High economic indicators have contributed to the fact that people from all over the world have been flocking here for several centuries. It would be rational to tell the most interesting things about the USA:

Output

The countries of America differ in their geographical features, political situation, religion and much more. But each of them is special and remarkable in its own way. Most Americas play an important role in the political arena, while the less developed ones are a constant source of labor.

Territory, borders, position.

Latin America is the region of the Western Hemisphere located between the United States and Antarctica. It includes Mexico, the countries of Central and South America and the island states of the Caribbean (or West Indies). Most of the population of Latin America speaks Spanish and Portuguese (Brazil) languages belonging to the group of Romanesque or Latin languages. Hence the name of the region - Latin America.

All Latin American countries are former colonies of European countries (mainly Spain and Portugal).

The area of the region is 21 million square meters. km, population - 500 million people.

All Latin American countries, with the exception of Bolivia and Paraguay, either have access to the oceans and seas (Atlantic and Pacific Oceans), or are islands. The EGL of Latin America is also determined by the fact that it is located in relative proximity to the United States, but far from other major regions.

Political map of the region.

Within Latin America there are 33 sovereign states and several dependent territories. All independent countries, either republics or states within the British-led Commonwealth (Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Grenada, Dominica, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago , Jamaica). Unitary states predominate. The exception is Brazil, Venezuela, Mexico, Argentina, which have a federal form of administrative-territorial structure.

		Political system	Territory.
Antilles	Willemstad	Possession of the Netherlands
Argentina (Argentine Republic)	Buenos Aires	Republic
Antigua and Barbuda	St. John's
Aruba	Oranjestad	Possession of the Netherlands
Bahamas (Commonwealth of the Bahamas)		Monarchy within the Commonwealth
Barbados	bridgetown
	Belmopan	Monarchy within the Commonwealth
Bermuda	Hamilton	UK possession
Bolivia (Republic of Bolivia)		Republic
Brazil (Federative Republic of Brazil)	Brasilia	Republic
Venezuela (Republic of Venezuela)		Republic
Virgin (British Isles)		UK possession
Virgin Islands (US)	Charlotte Amalie	US possession
Haiti (Republic of Haiti)	Port-au-Prince	Republic
Guyana (Cooperative Republic of Guyana)	Georgetown	Republic within the Commonwealth
Guadeloupe
Guatemala (Republic of Guatemala)	Guatemala	Republic
Guiana		"Overseas Department" of France
Honduras (Republic of Honduras)	Tigucigalpa	Republic
	St. George's	Republic within the Commonwealth
Dominica (Republic of Dominica)		Republic within the Commonwealth
Dominican Republic	Santo Dominga	Republic
Cayman islands	Georgetown	UK possession
Colombia (Republic of Colombia)		Republic
Costa Rica		Republic
Cuba (Republic of Cuba)		Republic
Martinique	fort de france	"Overseas Department" of France
Mexico (United Mexican States)		Republic
Nicaragua		Republic
Panama (Republic of Panama)		Republic
Paraguay	Asuncion	Republic
Peru (Republic of Peru)		Republic
Puerto Rico (Commonwealth of Puerto Rico)		US possession
Salvador	San Salvador	Republic
Suriname (Republic of Suriname)	Paramaribo	Republic
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Kingstown	Republic within the Commonwealth
Saint Lucia		Monarchy within the Commonwealth
Saint Kitts and Nevis		Monarchy within the Commonwealth
Trinidad and Tabago	Port of Spain	Republic within the Commonwealth
Uruguay (Oriental Republic of Uruguay)	Montevideo	Republic
	Santiago	Republic
Ecuador (Republic of Ecuador)		Republic
	kingston	Republic

Note:

Form of government (state system): KM - constitutional monarchy;

Form of territorial structure: U - unitary state; F - federation;

The countries of the region are very diverse in area. They can be roughly divided into 4 groups:

very large (Brazil);

large and medium (Mexico and most countries in South America);

relatively small (countries of Central America and Cuba);

very small (the islands of the West Indies).

All Latin American countries are developing countries. In terms of the pace and level of economic development achieved, they occupy an intermediate position in the developing world - they surpass the developing countries of Africa in this respect and are inferior to the countries of Asia. Argentina, Brazil and Mexico, which are among the key countries of the developing world, have achieved the greatest success in economic development. They account for 2/3 of industrial production in Latin America and the same amount of regional GDP. The most developed countries in the region also include Chile, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru. Haiti is a subset of the least developed countries.

Within their region, Latin American countries have created several economic integration groupings, the largest of which is the South American Common Market of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay (MERCOSUR), concentrating 45% of the population, 50% of total GDP and 33% of Latin America's foreign trade.

Population of Latin America

Exceptionally difficult ethnic sos population of Latin America. It was formed under the influence of three components:

1. Indian tribes and peoples who inhabited the territory before the arrival of the colonists (Aztecs and Mayans in Mexico, Incas in the Central Andes, etc.). The indigenous Indian population today is about 15%.

2. European settlers, primarily from Spain and Portugal (Creoles). Whites in the region currently make up about 25%.

3. Africans are slaves. To date, blacks in Latin America, about 10%.

About half of the population of Latin America are descendants of mixed marriages: mestizos, mulattoes. Therefore, almost all Latin American nations have a complex ethnic background. In Mexico and the countries of Central America, mestizos are predominant, in Haiti, Jamaica, the Lesser Antilles - blacks, in most of the Andean countries Indians or mestizos predominate, in Uruguay, Chile and Costa Rica - Hispanic Creoles, in Brazil half of the "whites", and half are blacks and mulattoes.

The colonization of America had a significant impact on the formation religious composition region. The vast majority of Hispanics profess Catholicism, which has long been implanted as the only official religion.

Three main features characterize the distribution of the population of Latin America:

1. Latin America is one of the least populated regions in the world. The average population density is only 25 people per 1 sq. km. km.

2. The uneven distribution of the population is much more pronounced than in other regions. Along with densely populated areas (the island states of the Caribbean, the Atlantic coast of Brazil, most metropolitan areas, etc.), vast expanses are almost deserted.

3. In no other region of the world has the population mastered the plateau to such an extent and does not rise so high into the mountains.

By indicators urbanization Latin America resembles economically advanced rather than developing countries, although its pace has slowed down recently. Most (76%) of the population is concentrated in cities. At the same time, there is an increasing concentration of the population in large cities, the number of which has exceeded 200, and in cities with “millionaires” (there are about 40 of them). A special Latin American type of city has developed here, bearing some signs of European cities (the presence of a central square, on which the town hall, cathedral, and administrative buildings are located). Streets usually diverge from the square at right angles, forming a "chess grid". In recent decades, modern buildings have been superimposed on such a grid.

In recent decades, there has been an active process of formation in Latin America urban agglomerations. Four of them are among the largest in the world: Greater Mexico City (1/5 of the country's population), Greater Buenos Aires (1/3 of the country's population), Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro.

Latin America is also characterized by "false urbanization". In slum areas ("poverty belts") sometimes live up to 50% of the city's population.

Natural resource potential of Latin America.

The natural resources of the region are rich and varied, favorable for both agriculture and industrial development.

Latin America is rich in minerals: it accounts for about 18% of oil reserves, 30% of ferrous and alloying metals, 25% of non-ferrous metals, 55% of rare and trace elements.

Geography of distribution of mineral resources of Latin America

Mineral resources	Accommodation in the region
	Venezuela (about 47%) - the basin of Lake Maracaibo; Mexico (about 45%) - shelf of the Gulf of Mexico; Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Trinidad and Tabago.
Natural gas	Venezuela (about 28%) - Lake Maracaibo basin; Mexico (about 22%) - shelf of the Gulf of Mexico; Argentina, Trinidad and Tabago, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador.
Coal	Brazil (about 30%) - the state of Rio Grande do Sul, the state of Santa Catarina; Colombia (about 23%) - the departments of Guajira, Boyac and others; Venezuela (about 12%) - the state of Anzoategui and others; Argentina (about 10%) - the province of Santa Cruz and others; Chile, Mexico.
Iron ores	Brazil (about 80%) - the Serra dos Caratas, Ita Bira field; Peru, Venezuela, Chile, Mexico.
manganese ores	Brazil (about 50%) - the Serra do Naviu deposit and others; Mexico, Bolivia, Chile.
molybdenum ores	Chile (about 55%) - confined to copper ore deposits; Mexico, Peru, Panama, Colombia, Argentina, Brazil.
	Brazil (about 35%) - the Trombetas deposit, etc.; Guyana (ca. 6%)
copper ores	Chile (about 67%) - Chuquicamata, El Abra, etc. Peru (about 10%) - Tokepala, Cuahone, etc. Panama, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Colombia.
Lead-zinc ores	Mexico (about 50%) - the San Francisco field; Peru (about 25%) - Cerro de Pasco field; Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina, Venezuela, Honduras.
Tin ores	Bolivia (about 55%) - Llallagua field; Brazil (approx. 44%) - state of Rondonia
Precious metal ores (gold, platinum)	Mexico (ca. 40%); Peru (about 25%); Brazil etc.

The richness and diversity of the mineral resources of Latin America can be explained by the peculiarities of the geological structure of the territory. Deposits of ores of ferrous, nonferrous and rare metals are associated with the crystalline basement of the South American Platform and the folded belt of the Cordillera and Andes. Fields of oil and natural gas are associated with marginal and intermountain troughs.

In terms of water resources, Latin America ranks first among the major regions of the world. The Amazon, Orinoco, Parana rivers are among the largest in the world.

The great wealth of Latin America is its forests, which occupy more than 1/2 of the territory of this region.

The natural conditions of Latin America are generally favorable for the development of agriculture. Most of its territory is occupied by lowlands (La Platskaya, Amazonian and Orinocskaya) and plateaus (Guiana, Brazilian, Patagonian plateau), convenient for agricultural use. Due to its geographical position (almost the entire territory of the region is located in tropical and subtropical latitudes), Latin America receives a large amount of heat and sunlight. Areas with a sharp lack of moisture occupy a relatively small area (the south of Argentina, northern Chile, the Pacific coast of Peru, the northern regions of the Mexican Highlands), the predominant red-brown, black earth, black and brown soils, combined with an abundance of heat and moisture, can produce high yields of many valuable tropical and subtropical crops.

Vast areas of savannas and subtropical steppes (Argentina, Uruguay) can be used for pastures. The main difficulties for agricultural activity are created by significant forest cover and waterlogging of lowland areas (especially the Amazonian lowland).

General characteristics of the economy of Latin America.

Yielding to Asia and Africa in terms of territory and population, Latin America is ahead in terms of the level of industrialization of production. In contrast to these regions of the world, the leading role in the economy here has recently shifted to the manufacturing industry. Both the basic branches of the manufacturing industry (ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, oil refining) and the avant-garde industries (electronics, electrical engineering, automotive, shipbuilding, aircraft building, machine tool building) are developing here.

However, the mining industry continues to play a prominent role in the economy. In the structure of the cost of production, 80% falls on fuel (mainly oil and gas) and about 20% on mining raw materials.

Latin America is one of the oldest oil and gas producing regions in the world. Mexico, Venezuela and Ecuador stand out in terms of production and export of oil and natural gas.

Latin America is a prominent world producer and exporter of non-ferrous metal ores: bauxite (Brazil Jamaica, Suriname, Guyana stand out), copper (Chile, Peru, Mexico), lead-zinc (Peru, Mexico), tin (Bolivia) and mercury (Mexico) ores

Latin American countries are also of great importance in the world production and export of iron and manganese (Brazil, Venezuela), uranium (Brazil, Argentina) ores, native sulfur (Mexico), and potash and sodium nitrate (Chile).

The main manufacturing industries - mechanical engineering and the chemical industry - are essentially developed in three countries - Brazil, Mexico and Argentina. The Big Three account for 4/5 of the manufacturing industry. Most of the rest of the countries do not have mechanical engineering and chemical industries.

Mechanical engineering specializes in automotive, shipbuilding, aircraft building, production of electrical household appliances and machines (sewing and washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners), etc. The main areas of the chemical industry are petrochemistry, pharmaceutical and perfume industries.

The oil refining industry is represented by its enterprises in all oil-producing countries (Mexico, Venezuela, Ecuador, etc.). The world's largest (in terms of capacity) oil refineries have been created on the islands of the Caribbean Sea (Virginia, Bahamas, Curacao, Trinidad, Aruba, etc.).

Non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy is developing in close contact with the mining industry. Copper smelting enterprises are located in Mexico, Peru, Chile, lead and zinc - in Mexico and Peru, tin - in Bolivia, aluminum - in Brazil, steel - in Brazil, Venezuela, Mexico and Argentina.

The role of the textile and food industries is great. The leading branches of the textile industry are the production of cotton (Brazil), woolen (Argentina and Uruguay) and synthetic (Mexico) fabrics, food - sugar, canning, meat-packing, fish processing. The largest producer of cane sugar in the region and in the world is Brazil.

Agriculture The region is represented by two completely different sectors:

The first sector is a highly commercial, predominantly plantation economy, which in many countries has acquired the character of a monoculture: (bananas - Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Honduras, Panama; sugar - Cuba, etc.).

The second sector is consumer small-scale agriculture, not at all affected by the "green revolution"

The leading branch of agriculture in Latin America is crop production. The exceptions are Argentina and Uruguay, where the main industry is animal husbandry. At present, Latin American crop production is characterized by monoculture (3/4 of the value of all production falls on 10 products).

The leading role is played by cereals, which are widely used in subtropical countries (Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, Mexico). The main crops of Latin America are wheat, rice, and corn. The largest producer and exporter of wheat and corn in the region is Argentina.

The main producers and exporters of cotton are Brazil, Paraguay, Mexico, sugar cane - Brazil, Mexico, Cuba, Jamaica, coffee - Brazil and Colombia, cocoa beans - Brazil, Ecuador, Dominican Republic.

The leading branches of animal husbandry are cattle breeding (mainly for meat), sheep breeding (for wool and meat and wool), and pig breeding. In terms of the size of the livestock of cattle and sheep, Argentina and Uruguay stand out, pigs - Brazil and Mexico.

In the mountainous regions of Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador, llamas are bred. Fishing is of world importance (Chile and Peru stand out).

Transport.

Latin America accounts for 10% of the world's railway network, 7% of roads, 33% of inland waterways, 4% of air passenger traffic, and 8% of the world's merchant fleet tonnage.

The decisive role in domestic transportation belongs to motor transport, which began to develop actively only from the 60s of the 20th century. The most important highways are the Pan-American and Trans-Amazon Highways.

The share of rail transport, despite the large length of railways, is declining. The technical equipment of this type of transport remains low. Many old railway lines are closed.

Water transport is most developed in Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, and Uruguay.

Maritime transport dominates in external transportation. 2/5 of maritime traffic falls on Brazil.

Recently, as a result of the development of the oil refining industry, pipeline transport has been rapidly developing in the region.

The territorial structure of the economy of Latin American countries largely retains colonial features. The "economic capital" (usually a seaport) usually forms the main focus of the entire territory. Many areas with a specialization in the extraction of minerals and fuels, or plantations are located inland. The railway network, which has a tree structure, connects these areas with a "growth point" (seaport). The rest of the territory remains underdeveloped.

Many countries in the region are implementing regional policies aimed at mitigating territorial disparities. For example, in Mexico there is a shift of productive forces to the north to the US border, in Venezuela - to the east, to the rich resource region of Guayana, in Brazil - to the West, to the Amazon, in Argentina - to the south, to Patagonia.

Sub-regions of Latin America

Latin America is divided into several sub-regions:

1. Middle America includes Mexico, Central America and the West Indies. The countries of this region have great differences in economic terms. On the one hand, Mexico, whose economy is based on the extraction and processing of oil, and on the other, the countries of Central America and the West Indies, known for the development of the plantation economy.

2. Andean countries (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile). For these countries, the extractive industry is of particular importance. In agricultural production, this region is characterized by the cultivation of coffee, sugarcane and cotton.

3. Countries of the La Plata Basin (Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina). This region is characterized by internal differences in the economic development of countries. Argentina is the most developed country with a developed manufacturing industry, while Uruguay and especially Paraguay lag behind in development and are characterized by an agrarian direction of the economy.

4. Countries such as Guiana, Suriname, Guyana . The basis of the economy of Guyana and Suriname is the bauxite mining industry and the production of alumina. Agriculture does not meet the needs of these countries. The main crops are rice, bananas, sugarcane, citrus fruits. Guiana is an economically backward agricultural country. Its economy is based on agriculture and the meat processing industry. The main crop is sugar cane. Fishing is developed (fishing for shrimp).

5. Brazil is a separate sub-region of Latin America. This is one of the largest countries in the world in size. It ranks fifth in terms of population (155 million people). Brazil is one of the key countries in the developing world, its leader. The country has large reserves of minerals (50 types of mineral raw materials), forest and agro-climatic resources.

In the industry of Brazil, a significant role belongs to mechanical engineering, petrochemistry, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy. The country stands out for its large-scale production of automobiles, aircraft, ships, mini and microcomputers, fertilizers, synthetic fibers, rubber, plastics, explosives, cotton fabrics, footwear, etc.

Important positions in industry are occupied by foreign capital, which controls most of the country's production.

Brazil's main trading partners are the US, Japan, UK, Switzerland and Argentina.

Brazil is a country with a pronounced oceanic type of economic location (90% of its population and production are located in a band of 300-500 km on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean).

Brazil occupies a leading position in the production of agricultural products. The main branch of agriculture is crop production, which has an export orientation. More than 30% of the cultivated area is devoted to five main crops: coffee, cocoa beans, cotton, sugarcane, soybeans. Corn, rice, wheat are grown from grain crops, which are used to meet the country's domestic needs (in addition, up to 60% of wheat is imported).

Livestock has a predominantly meat profile (Brazil accounts for 10% of the world beef trade).

It is a collection of countries located in territories that were previously dependent on European metropolises. These countries occupy part of South and North America, as well as the isthmus between them. Latin America is an amazing land of mysterious civilizations such as the Aztecs and Mayans, as well as brave caballeros, sultry beauties, unique traditions and cultures. The Romance languages (Spanish and French) are used as official languages.

Countries and capitals of Latin America

Below are the countries and capitals of Latin America, as well as their brief description.

Antigua and Barbuda is a small country in the Caribbean. The population of the country is more than 86.6 thousand inhabitants. The official language is English. The capital is the city of St. John's.
Argentina is the second largest state in Latin America. Its population is over 42.6 million inhabitants. The official language of Argentina is Spanish. The capital is the city of Buenos Aires.
Belize is a country located in the Caribbean. The population of the country is 308 thousand inhabitants. The official language is English. The capital is the city of Belmopan.
Bolivia is a state located in the center of South America. Its population is about 10.5 million inhabitants. The official languages are Spanish and Quechua. The capital is the city of Sucre.
Brazil is the largest country in Latin America. It occupies the territory of the central and eastern part of South America. Population - 201 million inhabitants. The official language is Portuguese. Capital -.
Venezuela is a country located in the north of South America. Its population is over 28.4 million inhabitants. The official language is Spanish. The capital is a city.
Haiti is one of the poorest Latin American countries, constantly suffering from natural disasters and coups. The population is about 9.9 million inhabitants. The official languages of Haiti are French, Creole and. The capital is the city of Port-au-Prince.
Guatemala is a state located in the central part of the Americas continent. The population is about 14.4 million inhabitants. Most of the inhabitants are mestizos and Indians. The official language is Spanish. The capital is the city of Guatemala.
Honduras is a country located in the central part of the Americas continent. It is washed and The population is more than 8.4 million inhabitants. The official language is Spanish. The capital is the city of Tegucigalpa.
The Dominican Republic is a country located in the east of the picturesque island of Haiti. The population is approximately 9.7 million inhabitants. The official language of the Dominican Republic is Spanish. The capital is a city.
Colombia is a country located in South America. The population is more than 45.7 million inhabitants. The official language is Spanish. The capital is a city.
Costa Rica is a small country located in the center of the Americas continent. Its population is over 4.2 million inhabitants. The official language is Spanish. The capital is the city of San Jose.
Cuba is an island nation located in the Caribbean. Its unofficial name is Liberty Island. The population is just over 1 million inhabitants. The official language of Cuba is Spanish. Capital -.
Mexico is a country located in the south of North America. Its population is 116.2 million inhabitants. The official language is Spanish. Capital -.
- a state located in the central part of the continent of America. The population is more than 6 million inhabitants. The official language of Nicaragua is Spanish. The capital is Managua.
Panama is a country located on the Isthmus of Panama. Its population is about 3.7 million inhabitants. The official language of Panama is Spanish. The capital is Panama.
Paraguay is a state in the center of South America. Its population is over 6.3 million inhabitants. The official languages of Paraguay are Spanish and Guarani. The capital is Asuncion.
Peru is a country in South America, located in its northwestern part. Its population is about 30.5 million inhabitants. The official languages of Peru are Spanish, and in some regions - Aymara, Quechua, etc. The capital is Lima.
El Salvador is a state located in the center of the Americas continent. Its population is 6.9 million inhabitants. The official language of El Salvador is Spanish. The capital is San Salvador.
Uruguay is a country in the southeastern part of South America. Its population is more than 3.3 million inhabitants. The official language is Spanish. The capital is Montevideo.
Chile is a country located in the southwest of South America. Its population is over 17.2 million inhabitants. The official language of Chile is Spanish. Capital -.
Ecuador is a country located in South America. Its population is more than 15.4 million inhabitants. The official language of Ecuador is Spanish. The capital is Quito.

In addition, Latin America includes the following territories: Puerto Rico (US territory) and the territories - French Guiana, Martinique, Guadeloupe, San Martin and San Barthelemy.

Sights of Latin America

Latin America is incredibly rich in interesting places. Here are 3 of the 7 new wonders of the world. All the sights of Latin America can be divided into natural and man-made objects, as well as cities and villages of ancient civilizations.

natural attractions

Ojos del Salado is the highest volcano on Earth (6887 m).
The Atacama Desert is the driest place on the planet, located in the west of South America.
The Andes is the longest mountain system in the world (9000 km).
- the highest waterfall in the world (979 m).
- the longest and most picturesque river of the Planet (6437 km).
c - the largest South American island, with an area of 47,992 sq. km. This virgin land is famous for its wild nature, beautiful scenery and harsh climatic conditions.
Waterfalls located on the border of Argentina and. They represent one of the most beautiful natural wonders of our Planet.

man-made attractions

The Maracanã Stadium in Brazil is one of the largest stadiums in the world, capable of accommodating up to 103,000 fans.
The statue of Christ the Redeemer is one of the 7 new wonders of the world. The statue is located on Mount Corcovado in Rio.
Geoglyphs of the Nasko plateau are a group of amazing images, lines and geometric shapes created by an unknown civilization.
Moai are the stone statues of Easter Island.

Cities and villages of ancient civilizations

Cusco (Peru) is the ancient capital of the Inca Empire and one of the oldest South American cities. The name of the city is translated from Quechua as "the navel of the world."
Machu Picchu (Peru) is one of the 7 new wonders of the world, known as the "city in the sky" or "the lost city of the Incas".
Teotihuacan (Mexico) - the famous "ghost town", which is the oldest settlement in the Western Hemisphere.
Umxal (Mexico) is the ancient center of the Maya civilization, located on the Yucatan Peninsula.
(83.6 cm), Brazil (1.11 m), Venezuela (80 cm), Guatemala (83.58 cm), Honduras (83.5 cm), Colombia (20 cm), Costa Rica (83.6 cm), Mexico (83.8 cm), (80 cm), Paraguay (86.7 cm), El Salvador (83.5 cm), Uruguay (85.9 cm), Chile (83.5 cm), (84 cm), Cuba (84.8 cm) and Argentina (86.7 cm).
Legua is a unit of length used in Guatemala (1 unit = 5.573 km), Honduras (4.2 km), Colombia (5 km), Cuba (4.24 km), Ecuador (5 km), Paraguay (4 .33 km), Peru (5.6 km), Uruguay (5.154 km), Chile (4.514 km), Brazil (6.66 km), Mexico (4.19 km) and Argentina (5.2 km).

It includes parts of North and South America. The list of Latin American countries consists of thirty-three states and thirteen colonies. The area of this region is 21 sq. million

Detailed map of Latin America

The development of all Latin American countries is different. They are inhabited by people of different nationalities, including Indians and Spaniards. Because of this, Latin American countries amaze with the variety of traditions and customs that are observed everywhere.

List of countries

List of countries in Latin America.

is one of the largest countries in the world. The country became famous for its love of football and an energetic dance called "tango". In Argentina, travelers are waiting for ancient monasteries, theaters and many kilometers of beaches of Buenos Aires.
Bolivia is a poor but safe country for tourists. To visit it, citizens of Russia and the population of the CIS countries will need a visa. On the territory of Bolivia there are six sites that are included in the UNESCO list.
Brazil is a country of carnivals and carelessness. It attracts millions of travelers from all over the world who want to relax under the scorching sun. .
In this video, watch how to apply for a visa to Brazil.
Venezuela is the country with the highest waterfall in the world. The state is rich in national parks and protected areas. It is recommended to go on a trip from December to March. At this time, ideal climatic conditions reign.
Haiti is a state that has become famous because of its poverty. Development in the country has practically stopped. However, the unique tradition and culture of the people of Haiti attract tourists from all over the world.
Guatemala is a small state in Latin America, which has a rich history. Volcanoes and untouched nature are what attracts travelers to this place.
Honduras is a state that continues the list of Latin American countries. It consists of islands located in the Caribbean Sea. The main problem of the state is crime.
famous for its beaches and gentle sea. The official language is Spanish. Tourists are expected by a friendly population. It is recommended to travel to the Dominican Republic from December to March.
Colombia is a state that Russians do not need a visa to visit. You are allowed to stay in the country for 90 days. The vast plains of the country and the Andes mountains will not leave indifferent any traveler.
- a state famous for its diverse and magnificent beaches. The country has all the conditions that are required for scuba diving and surfing.
A country that has Spanish as its official language. Despite this, almost all employees of hotels, restaurants and shops are fluent in English. The holiday season in Cuba lasts from November to April.
- a state for visiting which residents of Russia and Ukraine can obtain a visa in electronic form. This country is a real paradise for diving and surfing lovers.
Nicaragua is a country with great political and economic problems. Despite this, it is a charming place to travel. Picturesque nature and diverse landscapes are the main advantages of the state.
Panama is an interesting country in Latin America, in which the well-known resort called Bocas del Toro is located. Panama will appeal to lovers of ecotourism and hiking;
Paraguay is a country where you need to get vaccinated against yellow fever. Colonial architecture is what attracts many tourists.
Peru is a country that can be proud of its rich ecosystem. Citizens of Russia and Ukraine do not need a visa to visit the country. It is allowed to stay in Peru without a visa for 90 days.
El Salvador is a state that is practically not focused on tourism. This is due to the activity of local volcanoes and frequent earthquakes. In El Salvador, volunteer programs became more prevalent after the disaster in 2001.
Uruguay is one of the smallest countries in Latin America. It is located on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. Despite the constant flow of tourists, Uruguay is absolutely safe.
Ecuador is a country that is located not only on the mainland, but also on the Galapagos Islands. Russians and the population of the CIS countries do not need a visa to visit the country. The permitted period of stay is 90 days. Ecuador is one of the safest countries in the world.
Chile is a state for visiting which Russians do not need to apply for a visa. Lake Chungara and Miscanti are the main attractions.
Martinique is a state located on an island. The main attraction of the camp is nature - beaches and bays. There are all conditions for water sports or swimming.
Guadeloupe is a country that requires a visa to visit. The state consists of eight islands, in which there are many protected areas.
- a country rich in Spanish architecture and ancient fortresses located on the sea coast. Tourists are attracted by seasonal competitions in fishing and canoeing.
St. Barts is an island that strikes with its beauty. Mostly oligarchs of different nationalities, including Russians, live on its territory. High prices are the reason for the lack of huge masses of tourists.
Saint Martin is one of the small but inhabited islands in the world. Tourists are attracted by kilometers of beaches, blue and warm sea, all the conditions necessary for diving, fishing and water sports.

French Guiana location on the map