Summary: Guidelines for conducting a tactical-special lesson with a march. General provisions. Basics of the march and field guards Combined movement of troops
The organization of the march includes:
1. Decision making;
2. Setting goals;
3. Organization of interaction, comprehensive support and management;
4. March planning.
1. Having received the task for the march, the commander of the air defense unit, when clarifying the task and assessing the situation: studies the route of movement on the map, its length and patency, the conditions for the march; possible actions of an air enemy; places and times of halts, as well as places, times and procedures for refueling equipment, meals for personnel and replenishment of supplies of material resources spent during the march; evaluates the marching capabilities of the unit, determines the permissible speed of movement; evaluates the nature of the terrain, the conditions of protection and camouflage on the route, in the areas of halts, rest and concentration, determines the procedure for reconnaissance and control on the march.
In the decision to march, the commander of the air defense unit determines:
Building a marching order;
The speed of movement along the sections of the route and the distance between cars;
The need for expulsion of the reconnaissance group, its composition and tasks;
The procedure for conducting reconnaissance and repelling enemy air strikes;
Organization of security and self-defense;
Comprehensive support measures during the march;
The order of communication and control on the march.
2. Tasks for departments puts the commander personally by issuing a combat order.
When making a march over a long distance, the task is set for one daily transition. For each subsequent transition, tasks are set in recreation areas.
In order to march the unit commander indicates (Article 210):
2. Position and tasks of neighbors and interacting subdivisions.
3. The concept of actions of the covered units and their own unit.
4. Battery task, route of movement, place in the marching order of the unit, area of concentration, time of arrival in it and what actions to be prepared for, possible areas for deployment in battle formation, starting point, control points and the time of their passage, places and times of halts.
5. After the word “I order”, the tasks of the units (platoons, crews, squads), the place in the marching column, the speed of movement and the distance between the vehicles, the procedure for conducting reconnaissance of an air enemy and issuing data about him, maintaining communication and receiving alerts, firing at march, possible starting positions on halts and on the route.
6. Places and procedure for refueling equipment with fuel during the march, and in anticipation of entering the battle, in addition, the consumption of missiles, ammunition and fuel, the procedure for their replenishment, an irreducible supply.
7. Time of readiness, control and notification signals, own place and deputy.
Combat vehicle commander , having received an order to march, brings it to the personnel, indicating at the same time: the task of the platoon; route of movement; order of construction of the column; distance between cars and speed of movement; the procedure for meeting the enemy and repulsing attacks by his means of air attack; measures to protect against high-precision and incendiary weapons; the procedure for using night vision and camouflage devices; degree of readiness; control signals, alerts and the order of actions on them.
Combat vehicle commander checks the knowledge of the personnel of the received task, signals, the procedure for actions on them and appoints an observer for the air and ground enemy, checks the condition of the equipment, its refueling and reports to the commander on the readiness for the task.
3. The interaction of forces and means on the march in anticipation of a meeting battle, it is organized by the regiment commander by issuing instructions. They usually define: the procedure for repelling an air enemy, interaction with neighbors and the means of a senior commander; actions in overcoming contamination zones, areas of destruction and flooding; actions when the enemy uses nuclear, chemical, high-precision and incendiary weapons; the procedure for interacting with the EA.
The head of the calculation is obliged communicate to the personnel the signals of interaction and the procedure for acting on them.
4. Organization of comprehensive support.
Reconnaissance of traffic routes organized before the start of the march in order to determine the condition of roads, bridges and crossings; detection of barriers, zones of contamination, areas of destruction, fires and floods and ways to bypass them; establishing the nature of the terrain in the halt areas. For these purposes, reconnaissance groups are sent in advance.
For visual reconnaissance observers are appointed for the air and ground enemy, who are located in places with the best view of the airspace and terrain.
radar reconnaissance assigned combat vehicles are in motion. When a target is detected, the commander of the combat vehicle determines the parameters of its movement and reports to the battery commander.
Radiation, chemical and biological reconnaissance conducted by the calculation of PU-12 (UBKP) from which an observer is appointed.
Protecting troops from weapons of mass destruction organized in order to reduce the degree of its impact on the unit during the march, while maintaining its combat readiness and ensuring timely arrival in the designated area.
This is achieved: maintaining distances between cars; preventing the accumulation of units in front of the starting line, at halts, when overcoming gorges, water barriers, passes and in recreation areas; skillful use of means of collective and individual protection; timely notification of the unit about RCB contamination.
Organizing the protection of troops from high-precision weapons the commander can indicate: on which sections of the route to concentrate the main efforts; measures aimed at reducing the effectiveness of reconnaissance and the accuracy of targeting weapons of the WTO, at hiding troops during the march and at halts.
When organizing electronic warfare it is necessary to provide for: measures for the ER from homing weapons and means of electronic suppression, measures to counter the technical means of reconnaissance of the enemy.
Disguise on the march organized in order to hide from the enemy the movement of troops.
When organizing disguise usually indicated: the main camouflage measures, the volume, timing and procedure for their implementation both during the march and at halts. When troops move at night, a light camouflage regime should be established, and measures should also be provided for hiding troops from observation by means of radar and infrared reconnaissance.
March engineering support includes: engineering reconnaissance of traffic routes; equipping areas for halts, rest and concentration of troops, ensuring that subunits overcome obstacles, areas of destruction, fires and natural barriers.
When organizing chemical supply it is necessary to provide for: obtaining data on the results of detecting nuclear explosions, continuous conduct of NBC reconnaissance in the area of halts, rest and on traffic routes; carrying out partial special processing; camouflage with fumes and aerosols.
Technical support of the march organized in accordance with the decision of the regiment commander and his instructions for technical support. In preparation for the route, the following activities are carried out: preparation of armored and automotive equipment; restoration of broken machines; preparation of technical support means; provision of missiles and ammunition; means to increase the cross-country ability of vehicles.
In the course of the march, the state of armament of military and other equipment and their maintenance should be carried out at halts, in areas of rest and concentration.
When organizing logistics the commander indicates: the size and timing of the creation of stocks of material resources; fuel consumption rates; the procedure for refueling equipment during the march, the procedure for evacuating the wounded and sick.
In preparation for the march, all military stocks of materiel are replenished to the established norms and measures are taken to increase the cruising range of vehicles by installing additional containers on them.
Management organization. The air defense unit is controlled by the BKP. The unit commander is obliged to indicate: the place of the BKP in the column; the procedure for maintaining communication with subordinate, interacting forces and with the senior commander, the procedure for protecting the BKP; to bring to the personnel the means of communication, the main and spare frequencies, the procedure for switching to them, the call signs of officials, the modes of operation of radio communications.
The operation of radio stations before a collision with the enemy is prohibited. Radio communication is organized to receive alert data and send short signals.
4. March planning carried out on the basis of the decision of the regiment commander. It consists in carrying out the calculation of the march and the development of documents (combat order for the march).
Completion of the march.
March anti-aircraft missile battery starts from the moment you pass the starting point. When making a march, one should bypass (if possible) large settlements or overcome them along straight streets, avoiding the accumulation of equipment.
Destroyed sections of roads and blockages are bypassed.
When attacked by an air enemy BM and anti-aircraft squad are transferred to readiness (No. 1) to repel his attacks and destroy him with fire on the move or from a short stop. Fire on an air target is opened at the command of the battery commander.
Small arms fire on air targets, if possible, in volley on command. On the signal of RCB infection the personnel puts on personal protective equipment (only gas masks in the BM), closes hatches, blinds, turns on the means of SKZ. The battery continues to move. During a nuclear explosion explosion - stop the car, turn off the engine, close hatches and blinds.
If it is impossible to bypass the infection zone, overcome them at maximum speed and increased distances using protective equipment. Partial special processing carried out after leaving the zones of infection, and in case of infection with OM - immediately. Full special processing is carried out, as a rule, in recreation areas or upon arrival in a designated area. Special Treatment Areas ( RSO ) and the organization of work in it is determined by the senior boss.
When attacked by a ground enemy (RDG - reconnaissance and sabotage groups) during the march, increase the speed and distance between the vehicles. If this is not possible, the drivers take the equipment to the shelter, the rest of the personnel repel the attack with small arms fire (AK, PM, RPG, RG).
On halts the construction of the column is not violated. The personnel get out of the vehicles only at the command of the commanders and are located to the right of the road. Observers, crews on duty and radiotelephone operators of the BKP remain in the vehicles.
On duty BM occupy the joint venture. Organized reconnaissance of an air enemy, RCB reconnaissance and security.
Calculations (drivers) conduct a control inspection, if necessary, refuel. In recreation areas, the battery, depending on the situation, can be deployed in battle formation.
When driving through a railroad crossing the commander puts up a traffic controller and 2 observers (at a distance of 1000 m from the crossing on both sides of it), appoints a tractor on duty (the engine is running, the towing cable is unwound) and personally passes the convoy.
Each car passes the crossing in low gear (shifting at the crossing is prohibited).
When preparing a march in winter, the commander must: provide personnel with means against frostbite; check the serviceability of heating and heating systems of machines; check the readiness of combat vehicles for operations at low temperatures (the presence of coolant A-40 (60) (antifreeze), the serviceability of heating observation devices, windshields, etc.) and equipping them with means to increase patency.
ORGANIZATION OF TRANSPORTATION OF TROOPS BY RAILWAY TRANSPORT.
The air defense troops are transported by rail, sea (river) transport or a combined method. In some cases, the transportation of parts over long distances can be carried out by air.
Transportation of troops by railway transport is carried out military echelons .
military echelon a military unit (subdivision), a team or a batch of military and other equipment organized for transportation in one train is called. To each military echelon the planning authorities of military communications for the entire period of transportation are assigned a number, which, as a rule, does not change until it arrives at the point of unloading, including when reloading from one mode of transport to another. However, several echelons can be transported together in one train. In the latter case, each of them retains its organization and the number assigned to it.
military train a train is considered to have 20 or more wagons (in two-axle terms) occupied by military units, teams or military cargo. military train is formed in such a way that covered wagons with people and functioning kitchens are located in the middle part of the train, and platforms and gondola cars with military and other equipment are in the head and tail parts.
In order to reduce the time for organizing transportation, units (subdivisions) should have ready-made options for calculations, which should be updated as the situation changes.
The initial data for calculations are:
The combat and strength of the transported troops, the mass of equipment and cargo;
Norms for placing people, equipment and cargo on rolling stock;
Permissible length and mass of a train with a military echelon.
Calculations are made in the following sequence:
1. Clarification of data on the number of personnel, the number of military and other vehicles, weapons, weight and volume of property and cargo;
2. On the basis of the current norms, the need for wagons is determined (marine, covered, platforms).
The length of the train is calculated in conditional wagons. A four-axle gondola car with a length of 14 meters was taken as a conditional car.
The following coefficients are used to convert rolling stock into conditional wagons:
four-axle platform or covered wagon 1.05
four-axle passenger car 1.75
six-axle gondola car 1.18
When calculating the flight level, it is necessary to take into account the conservation constant combat readiness and organizational integrity of transported units, their ability to load and unload on their own, make a march, and, if necessary, conduct military operations after unloading. Based on these requirements, units in their regular organization are assigned to the echelon.
The number of echelons for the transportation of an anti-aircraft missile regiment depends on its staffing level and the established length and weight of the train on a given route, for example, an anti-aircraft missile regiment armed with a 9k33 air defense missile system (9k331 air defense missile system) with a military echelon length of:
60 conditional wagons are transported by 5 echelons,
75 conditional wagons are transported by 6 echelons,
90 conditional wagons are transported by 8 echelons,
Prior to loading, the unit is in waiting area , and after unloading goes to collection area (Appendix No. 1).
Waiting and collection areas, based on terrain conditions, are assigned in 3-5 km from the place of loading and unloading.
In the area of waiting (gathering), an air defense unit can be deployed to starting positions. The time spent in the waiting area is used to prepare for loading and subsequent actions (transferring the BM to the transport position, preparing fastening material, trenching tools, studying security measures and functional duties of calculation numbers during loading, etc.)
The holding area may not be assigned if the area in which the unit is located is closer 10 km from the place of loading.
Having received an order for transportation by rail, the unit commander: gives an order to prepare personnel and equipment for transportation; specifies the calculation for the transportation of personnel, weapons and equipment, missiles and ammunition; draws up a loading plan; sets the order of loading; its start and end time; determines the procedure for moving units to the place of loading; conducts reconnaissance of the waiting area, advance routes and sets advance tasks.
Upon receipt of the order for transportation, the unit commander specifies the procedure for moving out and loading.
In the order for transportation (Article 239), the unit commander indicates:
1. Brief information about the enemy.
2. The task of the regiment.
3. Task of the battery, military echelon number, loading station, waiting area and routes of advance to it, start and end times of loading.
4. Concept for transportation: distribution of units, personnel, weapons and equipment, missiles, ammunition, materiel; sequence and order of loading; order of duty, opening and firing; the number of observers and places for observation, the composition of the daily order and loading and unloading teams.
5. After the word order : tasks to subordinates
Places for accommodating personnel, weapons and equipment, priority and order of loading;
A place in the battery marching column when moving out of the holding area and the procedure after unloading; tasks and team readiness time;
From whom in what composition to appoint a daily outfit and the procedure for its preparation.
6. Ready time for moving out of the holding area and for loading.
7. Location of the command post, officials of the military echelon, senior wagons, their place, control and warning signals.
The head of the calculation (battery commander) is obliged to:
Prepare equipment, weapons and property for loading;
Instruct personnel on security measures;
To check the knowledge of the personnel of the rules for loading, placing and securing equipment, its unloading, the rules of conduct for personnel during transportation.
To monitor the air enemy and the adjacent terrain, an observation post is set up in the military echelon, which also includes an observer for the radiation, chemical and biological situation.
On the way, the head of the military echelon receives data on the air and NBC situation from the military commandants of the railway sections.
To cover the military echelons, anti-aircraft gunners are deployed on the platforms in readiness to fire.
Notification of an air enemy, RCB contamination is carried out by signals set by the head of the echelon. On a warning signal about an air enemy, the train usually continues to move, anti-aircraft gunners are transferred to readiness No. 1.
To control units in the echelon, wired communications are organized.
Communication is established with the head of the echelon, military personnel, on-duty anti-aircraft weapons, the head of the guard and the locomotive.
On the way, the unit must always be ready to unload in an unprepared place and march to the destination.
Upon arrival at the station, the units are quickly unloaded and go to the assembly area or to the indicated position.
Translation of the BM into the transport position for transportation by rail. safety requirements for loading and transportation by railway transport
Vehicles are prepared before loading. The pressure in the tire chambers, the tension of the tracks are checked, and other measures are taken according to the operating instructions.
Machines that do not fit into the dimensions of 01-T (when transported by Russian railways or 02-T when transported by railways of Western European countries) must be transferred to the transport position.
This work is carried out before the arrival of cars on the rolling stock or after arrival, depending on the nature of the work performed.
The head of the calculation is responsible for bringing the combat vehicle to a state of readiness for loading. When performing preparatory work, open blocks, waveguides and other elements of the equipment should be protected from atmospheric precipitation.
Before loading BM 9A 331, you must:
1. Move the APU to the stowed position.
2. Remove the radio antenna pins.
3. Transfer the television optical head (TOG) to the transport position, for which unscrew the 4 bolts of the TOG, turn the TOG by 90 degrees and fix it with bolts.
4. Transfer the autonomous capture channel to the transport position, for which:
Disconnect 2 waveguides;
Unfasten the AKZ and rotate 180 degrees, then put the bolts in place;
Silence the waveguide flanges.
5. Cover BM.
6. After installing the BM on the platform, set the lever of the body position control system (SRPC) to the “min” position. In this case, the clearance will decrease by 9 cm relative to the nominal value.
CHAPTER FOUR
Methodology for teaching driving military vehicles
Learning objectives:
1. Develop driving skills in various traffic conditions.
2. Give practice in independently carrying out work to prepare the car for the trip.
General instructions
Each task of the driving training program is divided into separate exercises, which are developed by the educational institution DOSAAF of Russia and approved by its head.
Driving training is carried out by the master of industrial training individually with each trainee in accordance with the schedule of the order of driving training (on a simulator and a training vehicle). Classes are held at the training track (field for training driving) and on training routes approved by the educational institution DOSAAF of Russia and agreed with the district administration and the leadership of the traffic police.
1. Fundamentals of extreme car driving.
General provisions
In the lessons on the basics of extreme driving, the leader must have a plan for conducting the lesson, which provides for the title of the topic, goals, training questions, calculation of training time, summary, as well as the actions of the leader and trainees.
Classes are held in an individual or group way by practicing exercises in a certain sequence.
For conducting classes on the basics of extreme driving in winter, ice-covered areas are equipped according to one of the options in accordance with Appendix 4.
There are other variants of platforms with a slippery surface that are convenient for an educational institution, ensuring the implementation of the elements provided for by the additional training program.
In the summer, areas with wet ground, wetlands, wet meadows, etc. can be selected to gain practice in driving a car in conditions of poor adhesion to the ground. as well as areas providing aquaplaning. In the absence of such, classes can be carried out on any difficult terrain (sand, field, forest, clay and other roads with deep ruts, stubble, plowing, forest edges, ditches, ravines).
Guidelines
Education basics of extreme driving in winter (summer) operating conditions of trucks, you should start with a simpler exercise - acceleration and braking (in summer - on a wet road, in winter - on an icy road).
The leader of the lesson for the initial study of the basics of extreme driving can use auto simulators that are able to simulate the basic modes of driving a car. In the future, classes are held on the site.
The basic principle of training is the repeated repetition of the driver's action (simulation), the development of a dynamic stereotype on this basis.
Training begins with the development of the skill of high-speed taxiing, which is necessary for intensive maneuvers, on turns and when the vehicle is pulled out of a skid.
First of all, the leader must explain to the cadets how to properly keep their hands on the steering wheel, how to properly rotate the steering wheel when taxiing.
When driving in a straight line, the driver holds the steering wheel with both hands. The hands are placed on the steering wheel symmetrically, the position of the hands is at 10 and 2 in accordance with the watch dial. The grip is closed, i.e. thumbs bend around the rim from the inside - such a grip is the most reliable.
1.Left the hand turns the steering wheel to the 2 o'clock position, and the right hand intercepts to the 10 o'clock position.
2. Right the hand continues to turn the steering wheel to the right in a clockwise direction, and the left hand intercepts and takes up the position at 10 o'clock.
3-4. Left hand turns the steering wheel to the right,
then right the hand after the interception continues its rotation
to the right, returning to its original position.
5. Right hand turns the steering wheel to the left
10 o'clock, and the left one intercepts at the 2 o'clock position. 
6-7-8. Left, right, and then again the left hand continues to rotate the steering wheel to the left, taking its original position.
Training cadets to drive a car in winter conditions on a slippery road must begin on a specially prepared site with a simple exercise: starting off, driving straight at speed
35-45 km / h and braking.
To avoid wheel spin, the car should start moving on slippery surfaces in second or even third gear smoothly, with a gradual increase in speed. You can reduce slip by shifting up or applying the parking brake to the rear wheels.
Before driving, the front wheels of the car must be aligned. Even a slight angle of rotation can slow down the car and provoke slipping.
When driving in a forward direction, do not make sudden movements with the steering wheel to prevent the machine from entering a skid. To reduce speed and keep the car from skidding, you must press the brake pedal repeatedly. It is required to stop the car in a certain place at the stop mark.
It is important to bring the methods of emergency braking to the cadets.
When learning the methods of braking, the leader of the lesson should teach the cadets engine braking, which plays an important role in terms of safety:
firstly, this exclusion of the possibility of blocking the wheels during engine braking is especially valuable on slippery roads;
secondly, engine braking is strongly recommended on long descents, when prolonged braking with the foot brake can lead to overheating of the brakes and their failure.
It is important to note what exactly to help, because braking in gear is much more reliable than braking in neutral or with the clutch disengaged. When the gear is engaged, double braking is obtained - both by the engine and the foot brake, which is very effective.
By pressing the gas, the cadet causes the engine to increase the speed, when the gas is released, the engine slows down and slows down the car. This is engine braking. This process is very convenient because often allows you to drive a car with only one pedal - the gas pedal. Add gas - acceleration, release - braking.
When downshifting engine braking, the driver can add gas each time before releasing the clutch, which will achieve maximum smoothness, or release the clutch without adding gas, which will give a greater intensity of deceleration.
Lessons on safe cornering in high-speed mode(demolition, side sliding, skidding) and emergency maneuvering must be carried out on a specially equipped site in compliance with safety measures.
Teaching cadets how to safely pass turns on a slippery road must begin with an explanation that at any rounding of the road, the car begins to experience the action of a lateral force that tends to move it in the direction opposite to the turn.
However, even a small excess of speed is enough to upset the balance of forces, and the car slipped sideways on the turn, increasing the radius of the trajectory of movement. The correct choice of speed is the basis of safe cornering. It is necessary to slow down and shift to a lower gear in advance, before entering the turn, when the steered wheels have not yet been turned. Braking, disengaging the clutch and shifting gears, sharply increasing the fuel supply on a turn is dangerous.
When consolidating the skills of safe cornering, the cadet, performing the exercise, should in no case capture the lane of oncoming traffic, otherwise a head-on collision may occur. At the entrance to the turn and exit from it, the car must be at the outer edge of the lane. 
In order for the skid to become controlled, the cadet must perform a series of actions. First of all, it is necessary to sharply increase the fuel supply on the turning arc, and after the skid has already begun, stop its supply, while stabilizing the car by turning the steering wheel in the direction of the skid.
The development of skills can begin with intermediate control - braking on a turn. If corner entry speed is too high or braking is applied too hard while steering wheels are turned, the vehicle can easily miss the maneuver and skid straight or skid. With the help of this exercise, in addition to mastering the method of braking in a turn, you can learn to feel the moment the skid begins.
Driving in a skid can be practiced with the help of a "snake" on a smooth slippery surface. Therefore, the safest and surest way to prevent the occurrence of critical situations is the utmost attention when driving on the roads and the mandatory observance of the requirements of road signs.
This exercise must be repeated several times until it is completely and confidently completed.
First, it is recommended to accelerate the car and shift to 2nd gear, then artificially, by means of a sharp turn of the steering wheel and increasing the fuel supply, cause the rear axle to skid, then stabilize the car’s movement with the help of steering and throttling and immediately shift the skid in the opposite direction.
Passing a turn in a controlled skid
After a firm mastery of the skills of stabilizing the movement of the car and controlling the skid, the speed of this exercise is increased to 40-50 km / h.
After receiving the initial skills in high-speed taxiing and driving a car with a controlled skid, it is advisable to give practice in an emergency detour of obstacles.
emergency detour This is a maneuver performed in order to avoid collision with an obstacle.
It should be remembered that in such cases the detour distance is almost always less than the braking distance. You must be prepared for a possible skid of the rear axle and stabilize the direction of movement by steering ahead in the direction of the skid.
Such a decision requires exceptional self-control from the cadet, since most drivers in this situation unconsciously press the brake pedal, instead of making a detour.
When driving around, it is necessary to carry out an energetic pendulum movement of the steering wheel while not releasing the gas pedal. 
Manipulating the steering wheel when driving around:
1-starting position;
2- leading turn of the steering wheel;
3-return to the original lane;
4-transition to rectilinear motion.
2. Fundamentals of marching training.
General provisions
The main objectives of additional training on the basics of march training are:
1. Teach cadets:
in a short time to prepare cars and make long marches in difficult conditions;
quickly navigate and confidently drive a car over rough and difficult terrain at the highest possible speeds, at different times of the year and in any weather;
overcome obstacles, limited and rut passages, barriers, areas of radioactive contamination, water barriers, railway crossings.
carry out special processing of equipment after overcoming contaminated areas.
2. Improve the practical skills of cadets in:
driving cars in a convoy at high speeds;
use of means of increasing the cross-country ability of vehicles;
carrying out maintenance work on machines, detecting and eliminating operational malfunctions;
3. To form and develop in cadets:
stability of attention, speed of reaction;
the ability to withstand great neuropsychic stress and physical stress.
4. Educate cadets:
discipline, composure and organization in work;
love for the car being studied, confidence in its high qualities;
a sense of duty and personal responsibility for the fulfillment of the tasks set for the period of the march.
Training in the basics of march training is carried out in two stages with the development of issues of operation, maintenance of vehicles and elements of combined arms training.
At the first stage under the guidance of teachers, cadets study formation (column) control signals, requirements for march discipline, the procedure for a military driver to act under direct enemy influence, the procedure for overcoming infection sites and conducting partial special processing, security measures during the march and the procedure for providing first aid.
Subsequently, under the guidance of masters of industrial driving training, they develop driving skills in a column on roads and rough terrain (in the amount of 50 km) as part of one group (shift) of 4-5 people, depending on the provision of educational institutions with automotive equipment. The column is headed and led by a senior master, or a master of industrial driving training appointed by the head of an educational institution. In this case, specially trained teachers may also be involved in conducting classes on certain issues of combined arms training and first aid.
At the same time, in the classroom at a slow pace, the elements are used to work out the issues of stretching the column, gaining speed and passing the starting point (regulation points) at the set time. At equipped training sites along the route, or near an educational institution or in a park, less complex tasks are practiced: overcoming climbs and descents, mine-explosive obstacles along a track passage, passing railway crossings and turning around to move in the opposite direction.
Subsequently, the average movement speeds and the complexity of the tasks being worked out increase. Cadets improve their driving skills in a convoy with a change in speed and distance between cars, work out the tasks of driving through populated areas, the actions of a driver in case of a technical malfunction of a car, overcoming swampy and difficult areas using regular and improvised means of increasing patency, as well as overcoming water barriers to wade .
March- organized movement of units in columns along roads and columns in order to reach the designated area or to the specified line at the specified time, in full force and in readiness to perform a combat mission. As a rule, the march is carried out at night or in other conditions of limited visibility. In the course of hostilities and in the rear of friendly troops, it can be carried out during the day. The squad makes a march in a platoon column in an infantry fighting vehicle, and sometimes on foot(by ski). When units make a march on infantry fighting vehicles(armored personnel carriers), tanks as part of a common column - average speed both day and night should be 25-30 km/h, - on cars when moving as part of a separate automobile column - 30-40 km/h. When driving on foot- average speed can be 4-5 km/h, - by ski - 5-7 km/h. On the march distance between cars(tanks) can be 25-50 m. This distance ensures traffic safety. When driving on dusty roads, in ice, on roads with steep ascents and descents, as well as when driving at high speeds, the distances between cars increase and can be up to 100 m. When the column stops, the distances between cars are reduced up to 10 m. This space is quite enough to build a compartment behind the car after disembarking, as well as for the exit (entry) of individual cars from the column. In order to organize the march and timely exit to the specified area (line), the following are assigned: - route of movement; - starting point; - control points; - halts and day (night) rest. Driving route- this is a pre-planned route for units to pass through certain points in the terrain. starting point- this is a conditional point established by the senior commander according to clearly visible landmarks on the ground or on the map, from which the subunits begin to carry out the assigned task. Regulation points assigned to control the speed of the column. They are appointed after 3-4 hours movement. Halts are appointed for the rest of the personnel, eating, checking the condition of weapons, military and other equipment and their maintenance during the march. On a halt drivers stop cars on the right side of the road no closer than 10 m one from the other or at distances set by the commander. At the command of the squad leader, the personnel get out of the car and settle down to rest to the right of the road. The observer, the machine gunner on duty (gunner) remain in the vehicle. The driver-mechanic performs a control inspection of the vehicle and, if necessary, together with the soldiers assigned to help him, eliminates the identified malfunctions. Fire weapons assigned to combat an air enemy are in readiness to fire. At the end of each daily transition is assigned day (night) rest. For this, an area is selected with conditions favorable for protection against nuclear weapons and camouflage of troops, as well as with a sufficient number of water sources. In this area, the squad leaves the road, is located in the place designated by the commander of the division. Shelter is equipped for equipment, and a gap is torn off for personnel; observation, direct guarding, maintenance and refueling of equipment are organized; personnel are given hot meals and rest.
26. Squad in marching guards. Tasks of marching guards. The order of actions of the patrol squad during the march. The sequence and content of the work of the squad leader after receiving the task of acting as a patrol squad.
Units on the march are guarded by marching guards. For direct protection, as well as for inspecting the area from the head (side) marching outpost (head patrol) in the direction of movement, and from the main forces of the battalion (fixed side outpost) towards the threatened flanks (to threatened directions), a patrol squad may be sent for removal, providing observation of him and supporting him with fire. Its task is to warn the guarded unit from a surprise attack by the enemy. This removal may be 400-1200 m and is explained by the fact that the range of actual fire of the KPVT machine gun on the armored personnel carrier is 2000 m, the PKT is 1000 m, the tank gun is 2500 m, the gun mounted on the BMP is 1300 m. At this distance, in conditions of normal visibility, it will be provided visual communication (i.e., receiving signals and the ability to support it with fire). It should be noted that when moving in the forest, on sharply rough terrain, the distance of the patrol squad will be significantly reduced. The task of the sentinel squad is set by the commander of the platoon or company from which it is sent. When setting a task for a squad, information about the enemy is usually indicated and where a meeting with him is possible, the task of the squad, the route and speed of movement, the presence of friendly troops in front, the procedure for meeting with the enemy, and warning, control and interaction signals. The commander of a sentinel squad assigned to a marching guard is obliged to study the route of movement, the places of a probable meeting with the enemy on the map (diagram), and determine the order of movement and actions of the squad when meeting with him; establish the order of observation of the terrain and the enemy, as well as the commander's signals and the order of the report, and then issue a combat order. In the combat order, the squad leader indicates:- information about the enemy; - the task of the guarded subdivision; - the task of the separation, the route and speed of movement, the order of observation, reporting on what was seen and actions when meeting with the enemy; - warning signals, control, interaction and the procedure for actions on them; - the time of readiness for the march and the deputy. After issuing a combat order, the squad leader checks the readiness of weapons and military equipment for the performance of a combat mission and reports to the company (platoon) commander about the readiness of the squad.
The movement begins at the command of the platoon commander. Before meeting with the enemy, the squad moves non-stop and in such a way as not to delay the movement of the column of the guarded unit. Stops during the movement are made only at the command of the commander of the guarded unit. During the movement, the personnel carefully observes the terrain and local objects in order to timely detect the enemy. As soon as the enemy is detected, the squad leader immediately gives the set signal about this, indicates to the driver-mechanic (driver) a sheltered place to stop the car, gives the squad a command to dismount, indicates targets to the gunner-operator, machine gunner and grenade thrower. When the enemy enters the zone of actual fire, the squad suddenly opens fire, thereby ensuring the deployment and entry into battle of the guarded subunit. In the event that a patrol squad, making a march in a closed area and at night, is suddenly fired upon by the enemy, it immediately dismounts and enters the battle. For direct protection when moving on foot, the commander of the sentinel squad sends sentinels. On the way, the sentinels inspect the terrain and local objects, paying attention to all the signs by which the enemy can be detected. Open places sentinel squad passes quickly. Not finding the enemy, the sentinels give the signal "The path is clear." The commander of the patrol squad duplicates this signal to the commander who sent the patrol squad and continues to carry out the task.
27. Methods of tactical training. Development of a plan for the implementation of TSZ and preparation for its implementation.
Tactical combat exercises play an important role in the tactical training of the squad and require from its commander great theoretical knowledge, high methodological skill and special responsibility for the preparation of classes. In the course of combat training, the following training sequence was developed classes: personal training of the squad leader, clarification of the initial data; reconnaissance and development of a lesson plan; training of personnel of the department, material part and educational material and technical base. The preparation of the squad leader for the lesson is carried out at demonstrative and instructor-methodical classes, briefings, but self-training remains the main method. Preparing for the lesson, the sergeant, under the guidance of the platoon commander, understands the company's schedule of classes. initial data: topic and educational issues, standards and time being worked out, as well as the consumption of motor resources and simulation tools. Then he studies the relevant sections and articles of the Combat Manual of the Ground Forces (platoon, squad, tank), the provisions of the Methodology for tactical training of a motorized rifle squad and platoon, and the Collection of standards for combat training. Clarifying the content of a particular educational issue, the squad leader specifies what techniques and methods of action will be practiced in the lesson and in what sequence. The squad leader conducts the lesson in approximately the following sequence: In the initial position, he announces to the department the first educational question and the procedure for its development. Then he recalls the techniques and actions to be worked out, brings the tactical situation to the trainees and proceeds to practice the first technique. If, in preparation for the lesson, familiarization with the techniques being worked out was not carried out, then the squad leader shows the new technique as a whole and its first element being worked out, and if the personnel were familiarized with the technique earlier, then the leader of the lesson only explains the procedure for practicing it by elements and proceeds to training . After completing all study questions, the squad leader, if there is time, conducts a comprehensive training with personnel on the implementation of techniques and methods of action on all educational issues, and then debriefing, which is the final part of the lesson. In the analysis of the squad leader indicates the topic of the lesson, learning goals and to what extent they were achieved during the lesson; analyzes the actions of soldiers during the development of each training issue
General provisions
A march is an organized movement of units and units on standard vehicles (infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers, tanks, cars) or on foot (on skis) in columns along roads and column tracks. Units must always be ready to march long distances in the face of the threat of the enemy using weapons of mass destruction, the impact of his aviation, airborne assaults and reconnaissance and sabotage groups, radioactive, chemical and bacteriological contamination, destruction of roads and crossings. A march can be made in anticipation of a meeting with the enemy or without the threat of a collision with him, as a rule, at night or in other conditions of limited visibility.
Under any conditions, the units making the march must arrive in the specified area in a timely manner and in full combat readiness. A march made on foot requires great physical and moral-psychological stress from the personnel of the units. When making a march on infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers, tanks and cars, the driver-mechanics (drivers) receive the greatest load.
Motorized rifle units most often march on infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers and cars. The duration of the march can reach several days. The value of the daily transition depends on the road patency, terrain, average speed and physical capabilities of the drivers of combat and transport vehicles, their ability to withstand the stress of the march, while maintaining full combat readiness, and other conditions. The march on foot (on skis) is carried out by subunits over short distances at an average speed of 4-5 (5-7) km/h.
The distance between units and vehicles on the march can be 25-50 m. When driving on dusty roads, in icy conditions, on roads with steep ascents, descents and turns, as well as when driving at high speeds, the distance between vehicles increases. V
For the timely start of the march, the units are assigned a starting line (point). In order to ensure the organization of the movement of units and to be able to regulate the speed of movement of the columns and thus achieve their timely arrival in the specified area, control lines (points) are assigned.
In order to preserve the forces of personnel, check the condition of the materiel, maintain and refuel vehicles during the march, halts are assigned, and when marching over long distances (more than one daily transition), in addition, day (night) rest. If the march is made on foot, halts are appointed for a duration of 10 minutes every 50 minutes of movement. A halt lasting up to two hours is appointed at the beginning of the second half of the journey. Day (night) rest is usually appointed after the day (night) transition.
Preparation of personnel and equipment of a platoon (squad) for the march
A motorized rifle platoon (squad) usually marches on an infantry fighting vehicle, an armored personnel carrier, a car, and for short distances on foot or on skis.
The preparation of personnel and equipment for the march begins with the receipt of an order for the march. The platoon commander gives the combat order for the march to the entire platoon. In the order, he indicates information about the enemy, the task of the platoon, the route of movement, the formation of the column, the distance between the vehicles, the speed of movement; organization of air defense; the time of readiness for the march and the deputy. When organizing interaction, the order of observation, the places of a possible meeting with the enemy and the procedure for actions when meeting with him, during an air raid, and the use of incendiary weapons by the enemy are determined; alert, control and interaction signals.
The squad leader, having organized the preparation of the personnel and the vehicle for the march, checks the knowledge of the soldiers of the received task, warning signals, control, interaction and the procedure for acting on them, appoints an observer. Then he, having checked the performance of the work by the driver (driver) and the gunner-operator (gunner) and making sure that the BMP (BTR) and personnel are ready for the march, reports to the platoon commander.
The order of the march
The time of passage by a platoon (squad) of the starting line (point) is considered the beginning of its march. On the march, order is observed and continuous monitoring of the commander's signals, the terrain, the vehicles ahead and behind, and the air enemy is carried out. Observers report everything they see to their commander.
Traffic is on the right side of the road. Its left side remains free for oncoming traffic. At night, vehicles move using night vision devices and blackout devices.
In case of a forced stop, the cars are taken to the right side of the road. After the malfunction is eliminated, they are attached to the passing column. Cars take their place in the column of their unit at the next halt. Overtaking columns in motion is prohibited.
On a warning signal about an air enemy, the platoon (squad) continues to move. The hatches of the BMP (BTR) are closed, and the personnel put their gas masks in the “ready” position. Fire weapons intended for firing at low-flying aircraft are put on alert. In this case, the BMP (BTR) hatch does not close. An air enemy attack is reflected by fire at the command of the commander.
On warning signals of radioactive, chemical or bacteriological contamination, the personnel of the platoon (squad) put on respirators (gas masks) and continue to move. A platoon (squad) overcomes infection zones at maximum speed. At the same time, hatches, loopholes and blinds are closed in the BMP (BTR). After leaving the infection zone, usually on a halt, a partial special treatment is carried out.
When the enemy uses incendiary weapons in the BMP (APC), hatches and blinds are closed. After leaving the fire area, the platoon (department) organizes the extinguishing of fires on vehicles and provides assistance to the victims.
At a halt, the formation of columns of units is not violated. Cars stop on the right side of the road at a set distance, but not closer than 10 m from one another. The personnel of the platoon (squad), at the command of the commander, get out of the car and settle down to rest to the right of the road. Observers and machine gunners on duty remain in the vehicles. Fire weapons designed to repel an air enemy are in readiness to fire. At the halt, cars are inspected and faults are eliminated.
In the area of day (night) rest, the platoon (squad) leaves the road and settles down in the indicated place along the movement route, using the terrain for camouflage and shelter. Here. the platoon (squad) commander organizes the maintenance of vehicles, the provision of hot food and rest for personnel, and, if necessary, the drying of uniforms and shoes.
A platoon (squad) makes a march on foot along the road or along the side of the road. In addition, each soldier occupies I build a certain place, observing the established distance and interval. With the permission of the commander, you can go freely, and in the summer, unbutton your collar, cuffs and periodically remove your headgear. In motion, it is necessary to strictly observe the drinking regimen. In winter, with severe frost and a headwind, the soldiers in front are replaced after 20-30 minutes. On a warning signal about an air enemy, a platoon (squad) occupies the nearest shelter and, at the command of the commander, destroys air targets with small arms fire. At a halt, shortcomings in fitting equipment are eliminated and the serviceability of shoes is checked.
Platoon (squad) in field guard
A motorized rifle platoon on the march can be assigned to the head (side, rear) marching outpost with the task of preventing the guarded column from a sudden attack by the enemy, the penetration of his ground reconnaissance and providing it with favorable conditions for entering battle.
For direct protection, as well as for the purpose of inspecting the area, a patrol squad may be sent forward from the outpost to a distance that provides observation of it and fire support. When moving on foot, sentinels are sent to directly guard the patrol squad. In a marching outpost (patrol squad), observation of the ground and air enemy is organized and an observer is appointed to receive signals from the patrol squad (patrol).
The commander of a platoon assigned to a marching outpost, before starting to move, issues a combat order to all personnel of the platoon, in which he indicates information about the enemy; the task of the platoon, the route of movement, the construction of the column, the distance between the vehicles, the speed of movement, the starting point and the time of its passage; sentinel squad, its task and removal; organization of air defense; time of readiness for movement and deputy. Having given the order, the platoon commander organizes interaction - the order of observation, the places of a possible meeting with the enemy and the actions of the platoon when meeting with him, the actions of the platoon during an air raid, according to warning, control and interaction signals.
The leader of the sentinel squad appoints observers and tasks the sentinels if they are sent out. Then he, having checked the readiness of the BMP (APC) and personnel to perform a combat mission, reports to the platoon commander.
A marching outpost (patrol squad) begins to move at the signal of the commander of the guarded unit and moves at a set speed.
The platoon commander is at the head of the column and, using established signals, reports to the commander who sent the marching outpost about obstacles, contaminated areas and about meeting with the enemy.
On the way of movement, the patrol squad (sentinels) inspects the terrain and local objects, paying attention to all signs by which the enemy can be detected. Not finding the enemy, the sentinel squad (sentinels) gives the signal "The path is clear" and continues to carry out the task. The patrol squad (sentinel) inspects the terrain and local objects in the same sequence as when conducting reconnaissance.
Destroyed bridges, mined and contaminated areas on the route of movement marching outpost and patrol squad (sentinel) bypass. The direction of the bypass is indicated by pointers.
Having met small groups of the enemy, the marching outpost (patrol squad), as a rule, destroys them and continues to carry out the task. When meeting with an enemy superior in strength, the marching outpost operates depending on the situation. She can destroy the enemy with sudden fire from a vantage point and a decisive attack. If a marching outpost cannot destroy the enemy on its own, it stubbornly holds its position and ensures the deployment and entry into battle of the guarded subunit.
During halts, the marching outpost occupies an advantageous position and continues to guard the stopped unit. The patrol squad also stops and continues to monitor. At the same time, the outpost and the sentinel squad are located secretly, in readiness to repel an enemy attack.
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Topic number 7: "Movement and location on the site of units and units"
Lesson No. 1: "The basics of the march by a motorized rifle unit (unit)"
1. Methods of movement of troops, march, conditions for the march
2. Requirements for the march
3. Marching opportunities, the order of the march
4. Marching order of a motorized rifle (tank) battalion on the march
5. Marching order of the SME (tp) on the march, marching guard
1. Methods of movement of troops, march, conditions for the march
March - organized movement of troops in columns along roads and column routes in order to arrive at a designated area or at a specified line at a specified time, in full force and in readiness to carry out a combat mission.
It represents the movement of troops in columns on their own - on standard equipment (tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers, cars) or on foot (on skis in winter) along roads and columns.
Ways to move troops :
1. Movement on your own ;
2. Transportation on heavy road trains is a new way to move troops. In this way, those units that are armed with heavy armored, engineering and other equipment with a small power reserve and low speed are transported on heavy trailers, or trailers. As the technical equipment of the troops increases, transportation on heavy road trains finds a wider application, especially when moving troops at a considerable distance from the line of contact between the parties;
3. Transportation by rail , it allows you to save the strength of personnel, protect weapons and equipment from wear and tear, save motor resources and fuel; provides a high speed of movement of troops, regardless of the time of year and the physical condition of the personnel at the beginning of the movement; the speed of transportation practically does not depend on meteorological conditions;
Transportation of troops by rail
4. Transportation by water (sea, river) transport, allows you to save the forces of personnel, equipment from wear and tear, save motor resources and move troops at a speed of at least - 25--30 km / h, giving the greater effect, the greater the distance over which the transportation is carried out;
5. Transportation by air less than rail and water transport, it is subject to the effects of weapons of mass destruction, ensures the rapid transfer of troops over considerable distances, in any direction and to areas practically inaccessible to other modes of transport, through vast zones of contamination, areas of destruction, fires and floods;
6. Combined movement.
When making a march, tanks, self-propelled artillery and other tracked vehicles, as well as weapons and military equipment with a small power reserve and low speeds, can be transported by truck tractors with cargo semi-trailers (trailers).
Combined movement is is such a movement of troops from one area to another or to a specified line, in which different methods of movement are combined. In some cases, troops can use different methods of movement simultaneously, in others, the methods of movement alternate, successively change. In this case, all or only some modes of transport can be used.
With the combined movement of troops, the positive aspects of each type of transport are used to the maximum. However, if different modes of movement are combined, then the organizational integrity of military formations is violated, and this complicates their comprehensive support, control and maintenance of constant combat readiness. When alternating modes of movement, the combat readiness of troops can be adversely affected by their repeated loading and unloading from different vehicles.
Combined troop movement
March conditions.
The march can be made in anticipation of going into battle or beyond the threat of a collision with the enemy. The march is carried out covertly, as a rule, at night or in other conditions of limited visibility, and in the course of hostilities and in the deep rear of friendly troops - during the day.
Start of the march the moment of passing the starting line by the head of the column of the main forces is considered. The march ends with the arrival of troops in designated area or with their access to the specified line. The march may end even before reaching the intended goal, if it becomes necessary to defeat a large enemy grouping that has come out in the way of troop movement.
The march can be made to the front, along the front, from the front to the rear .
March in anticipation of entry into the battle takes place near the line of combat contact of the parties and is usually limited to the framework of a daily transition. Only in some cases, as a rule, when troops are regrouping or maneuvering along the front, can such a march be longer than a day's march. It is performed with one, less often with two halts, and with a small depth of conduct and without a halt. After the march, the troops will be concentrated in a designated area or deployed at a specified line to go over to the offensive, meet engagements, or engage in defense.
When making a march out of danger of collisionWithadversary combat with a ground enemy is ruled out, but the troops must be constantly ready to conduct a tense struggle against his means of air attack. Such a march is carried out mainly in the deep rear of one's troops, usually lasting several days, but sometimes limited to a daily march. Having completed the march, the troops concentrate in a designated area or deploy at a specified line for advance preparation for battle.
The movement of troops on their own over a distance of more than one daily march is marching a long distance .
Long distance march depth may be hundreds or even thousands of kilometers. The march is made with two or three halts at each daily march, day or night rest at the end of the daily march and, if necessary, with a daily rest after several marches. When advancing from the depths of the country to the area of combat operations, troops can move most of the time without the threat of a collision with the enemy, and on the last day's march - in anticipation of entering into battle.
In modern conditions, such a march with various goals is becoming widespread, especially in connection with a sharp increase in the spatial scope and dynamism of the conduct of hostilities, as well as in connection with the increase in the enemy's ability to disrupt the transport of troops by rail and water.
In the course of movement, troops can be exposed to tactical, and when approaching the front, army aviation. Enemy fighter-bombers, even in difficult meteorological conditions, are capable of delivering bombing strikes against moving troops, using rocket and cannon weapons, and incendiaries. Combat helicopters, using ATGMs, NURs, incendiary mixtures and mines, can strike at convoys and vehicles with troops, mine the terrain and water area, and land reconnaissance and combat units on the path of the movement of troops. This requires reliable cover for troops from enemy air strikes, strict observance of camouflage and discipline during the march and transportation.
Railway stations, ports, piers, airfields, road structures, as well as troops on the march and during transportation may be subjected to enemy nuclear and chemical strikes, suffer losses, certain sections of traffic routes and railways, bridges and tunnels may be destroyed, vast zones may be formed radioactive and areas of chemical contamination, fires, flood zones. This will cause a temporary stop of the troops making the march, it will take time to restore their combat readiness, prepare passages in the barriers and destruction. Troops will have to wait for high levels of radiation to subside or, unloading in unprepared places, bypass the destroyed or heavily contaminated area on their own, and then load onto vehicles. Therefore, the troops must be in constant readiness to eliminate the consequences of nuclear and chemical strikes, and the movement is comprehensively ensured: in addition to the main alternate and rokadny routes of movement, the nature of the actions of the troops is foreseen in advance in the event of a sudden interruption or cessation of movement.
2. Requirements for the march
Average movement speed of units on the march is determined by the ratio of the traveled (planned) path (distance of the daily transition) to the total time of movement, excluding the time for halts. It must correspond to road conditions, capabilities and technical condition of weapons and military equipment. The march is made with the maximum possible speed under the given conditions.
Movement can be carried out towards the front, along the front, or from the front to the rear. Regardless of the method and conditions of movement, the troops must carry it out in an organized manner, with observance of secrecy, at high rates and in a short time, arrive in the designated areas (at the indicated lines) in a timely manner, in full force and in readiness for the immediate performance of combat missions.
Distances between units and vehicles in a column can be 25--50 m. (less than 300 m), 100-150 m.
For timely and organized start and completion of the march the battalion assigned to the forward detachment is indicated the direction of action, the starting point and the time of its passage; a battalion operating in the vanguard or following as part of a column of the main forces of a brigade (regiment), as well as a company allocated to a marching outpost or following as part of the main forces of a battalion:
The route of movement;
starting point;
Regulation points on it and the time of their passage;
Places and times of halts;
Places of day (night) rest;
The line of a probable meeting with the enemy (if necessary).
Routes are chosen so that, if possible, they do not pass through large settlements, road junctions, gorges and near railway stations, ports, airports. In the interests of protecting troops from enemy high-precision weapons, routes can be chosen along the preserved power lines, through the forest, along the folds of the terrain, but at the same time, measures of protection against weapons of mass destruction must be provided. The average speed of movement is determined on the basis of taking into account the magnitude of the daily transition and the time spent directly on the movement.
Traffic routes must be selected on areas of the terrain hidden from enemy observation, to ensure the covert placement and movement of troops using the camouflage properties of the terrain and natural shelters. A procedure is established in advance for the use of optical, radar and light camouflage equipment during the march, and smoke weapons on the lines of a possible meeting with the enemy. Before the start of the march, it is necessary to check the state of camouflage of subunits and units and, before the columns reach the starting line, eliminate unmasking signs.
The starting line (point) is assigned to ensure the timely start of the march. It is chosen or specified by the commander at such a distance from the location area that ensures the extension of the battalion column and the achievement of the speed set for movement. At night, the starting line can be marked by light landmarks that are invisible to the enemy.
Limits of regulation (points) are assigned to achieve a planned movement of troops and control the speed of movement of columns. They are usually selected every 3--4 hours of movement, taking into account the location of the areas of halts and rest of the main forces. The commander marks the initial line and the lines of regulation according to clearly visible local objects, but outside such objects that can serve as landmarks for the enemy to strike with nuclear, chemical, high-precision weapons or aircraft against moving troops.
Recreation areas (halts) are appointed for meals and rest of personnel, maintenance, repair of weapons and military equipment, refueling of vehicles, replenishment of stocks of missiles, ammunition and other materiel. At the end of each daily transition, a day (night) rest is assigned. Rests are assigned through 3--4 hours movement duration up to 1 hour in the second half of the daily transition - one halt lasting up to 2 o'clock
Milestones, when overcoming which units can enter the battle , there will, as a rule, be water barriers, lines of a possible meeting with the enemy, mountain, lake, forest defiles and other narrowness in the troop movement lane. The commander determines the time for solving tasks for which interaction is organized, taking into account the time of the start of the march, the distance of these lines from the initial line, and the planned speed of movement of troops. movement troops railway tank
The ability of troops to march while maintaining a high degree of combat readiness is judged by their marching capabilities -- the average speed of movement and the magnitude of the daily transition.
Now the troops are fully motorized and mechanized, equipped with more advanced armored and automotive equipment. The level of technical reliability of vehicles has significantly increased, their speed and maneuverability have increased, and the cruising range without refueling has increased. They are able to overcome water barriers, zones of radioactive contamination, minefields, have effective night driving devices and reliable light-camouflage devices. All this, combined with an increase in the marching skills of troops, contributes to the growth of the marching capabilities of subunits and units, makes it possible to move at night at about the same speed as during the day, and makes the previous division of marches into normal and forced marches unnecessary. The troops are capable of moving under their own power over considerable distances, in any terrain, weather and time of day.
The average speed of movement of troops depends on the degree of influence of the enemy, the skill of driving columns by commanders, the level of training of drivers, the technical condition of vehicles, the composition of columns, the state of routes, weather and other factors. When a subunit performs an independent task, the speed of movement will be higher than when it moves as part of a unit. In the event of a nuclear and chemical attack, air strikes, massive use of high-precision weapons by the enemy, the presence of destruction on the routes, difficult sections, crossings, in adverse road and weather conditions, the speed of movement of troops decreases, sometimes quite significantly. Columns of wheeled vehicles move at a higher speed than armored or mixed columns.
In all cases, the troops must march at the maximum possible speed under the given conditions, especially quickly overcoming the overlooked sections of the routes in order to protect against enemy precision weapons.
3. Marching opportunities, the order of the march
The average movement speed is calculated regardless of when it takes place - day or night, and also without taking into account the time for halts. Since troops move at different speeds on different sections of the route, subunit commanders and personnel of the commandant's service must know the boundaries of the sectors within which one or another speed is maintained.
The diurnal transition will also have a different value under modern conditions. It depends on the task being performed, the average speed and duration of the movement of columns during the day. The duration of the movement is mainly due to the moral and physical capabilities of the drivers of the vehicles, their ability to withstand the high stress of the march, while maintaining combat readiness. After all, during the daily transition, driver-mechanics, for example, only have to move the control levers of gears and turning mechanisms at least 5000-6000 times; the daily total expenditure of the efforts of the driver is 150-200 tons.
Thanks to the growth of marching capabilities, modern subunits and units are able to move under their own power to any distance that is required in a combat situation, while maintaining full combat readiness, and immediately from the march or after a short preparation, begin combat missions.
4. Marching order of a motorized rifle (tank) battalion on the march
marching order in which the troops are marching, represents the formation of forces and means, specially created for movement in columns and due to the task, the plan for the upcoming actions, the number of routes and other conditions of the situation. Different requirements are imposed on the order of march of troops when making a march in anticipation of entering into battle and when marching without the threat of a collision with the enemy.
The order of march of troops when making a march in anticipation of entering into battle must ensure
The marching order of the troops consists of columns, the number of which depends mainly on the scale of the military formation and the number of routes. The unit marches in one column. The battalion assigned to the forward detachment, the vanguard, or following a separate route, advances, having a column of the main forces and a marching outpost.
The marching order of a unit or formation may include forward detachment, marching guards, movement support detachment, columns of the main forces and columns of technical support and rear units.
It is built taking into account the convenience of movement, the achievement of high speed of movement, the least strain on the forces of personnel and the preservation of weapons and equipment. Therefore, in this case, the forward detachment is not sent out, the composition and removal of marching guards from the front may be smaller, and guards to the flanks and to the rear, if the situation is favorable, may not be sent at all. The main forces are moved by a smaller number of columns, which therefore have greater depth. Units on tracked vehicles can form common columns and move along a separate route or behind units on wheeled vehicles. Movement support detachments are advanced in advance, and part of the rear units are sent in advance to the areas of halts, day (night, daily) rest.
In marching order depending on the scale of the military formation, up to five different elements can be created. Forces and means are distributed among the columns in such a way as to ensure the tactical independence of each column, the possibility of their rapid deployment and entry into battle, reliable cover for columns from enemy air strikes, and the possibility of maneuvering forces and means along the front and from depth.
forward detachment sent to preempt the enemy in capturing a favorable line and holding it until the approach of the main forces; it is also entrusted with the task of conducting reconnaissance. The forward detachment is sent out a few hours before the start of the advance of the main forces in such a way that its removal provides the commander with time to organize the battle and conduct maneuvers with forces and means; this takes into account the ability of the forward detachment independently, without the support of the main forces, to fight with superior enemy forces.
field guard organized from the front, threatened flanks and rear. From the front, the troops are guarded by vanguards, forward marching outposts, head patrols and patrol squads (tanks). Vanguards they are sent up to a reinforced battalion to such a distance that provides the commander with time to make a decision and bring tasks to the attention of the troops, and the main forces - to maneuver and deploy for battle. Head outpost sent out as part of a reinforced company, head patrol - as part of a platoon, a patrol squad (tank) is sent to remove visual communication. On the threatened flanks are sent side marching posts , and in especially dangerous areas they are set up or landed from helicopters fixed side rails , holding advantageous lines until the passage of guarded columns. Rear security is provided rear outposts 5 km.
Propulsion units units of the engineering troops are sent to each route to directly ensure the movement of troops along roads and column routes. It is advisable to include motorized rifle or tank units in their composition. In order to have more time to prepare the routes of movement, the movement support detachments usually begin to advance from the area where the troops are located behind the head marching outpost.
main forces the commander provides for the conduct of one or more columns, dissected along the front and depth. When dismembering the columns along the front, the commander, when choosing routes, proceeds from the fact that a distance must be maintained between adjacent, parallel moving columns during the entire march, excluding their simultaneous defeat by a nuclear strike. A distance is established between battalion columns following one after another, excluding their simultaneous failure in the event of an explosion of a medium-yield nuclear weapon.
At determining distances between columns the commander proceeds from the specific conditions of troop movement, taking into account the power of nuclear weapons used by the enemy, the nature of the terrain, the weather, and the degree of weakening by standard vehicles of the impact on personnel of the damaging factors of a nuclear explosion. Distances between cars are set equal 25--50 The commander usually advances tanks and infantry fighting vehicles in the head of the column, artillery closer to the head, distributes anti-aircraft weapons throughout the depth of the column, part of the artillery can advance between the main forces and marching guards, and anti-tank weapons and engineering units intended for installation mine-explosive barriers - in front of the main forces.
Depending on the situation, the commander can provide movement of technical support and rear units directly behind combat units or independent columns behind the main forces at a distance of several kilometers. At the same time, part of the medical and repair units, as well as part of the transport with fuel and ammunition can follow in the columns of the main forces.
For car columns at medium speed 30--40 km/h and duration of movement 10-12 hours per day the value of the daily the transition can reach several hundred kilometers. In adverse weather conditions, the value of the daily transition will be less.
The remaining 12-14 hours are spent on maintenance of weapons and equipment, rest of personnel, meals, pulling out columns from the location area, placement and camouflage of vehicles in the area of day (night, daily) rest or in the designated concentration area. Moreover, drivers need 5-6 hours of rest, otherwise they may violate traffic safety requirements while driving.
In modern conditions Because of the constant threat of enemy use of weapons of mass destruction and high-precision weapons, it becomes necessary to distribute officers, communications and transport to several simultaneously operating command posts. It is planned to move control posts along different routes at the head of the columns of the main forces, technical support units and rear. The procedure for restoring the disturbed command and control of troops is determined in advance. The procedure for maintaining communication on the march by mobile and signal means, the use of radio, radio relay and wire communications during movement and in the event of a collision with the enemy is established. Measures are being developed to ensure stable communications in the face of electronic suppression and the use of nuclear, chemical and high-precision weapons by the enemy.
Columns of divisions are formed in the location area and are pulled to the starting line in such a way as to pass it with the lead vehicles exactly at the appointed time, maintaining the specified speed. The column of each subsequent subunit passes with its head the initial line at the moment when the tail of the column in front moves away from it at a set distance. The timeliness of the start of the march is controlled by the commander and headquarters officers.
5. Marching order of the SME (tp) on the march, marching guard
Lines, places of halts and rest during the march.
During the march, strictly observe the speed of movement, distances, security measures, disguise, the established time for passing the control lines. With the onset of darkness, special attention is paid to observance of blackout. Cars in convoys move using night vision devices or blackout devices, and on a clear night - with the lights completely turned off (night vision devices turned off).
For column movement only the right side of the road is used, the left side is left free for oncoming traffic and overtaking of columns, which is carried out only with the permission of the senior commander. The overtaken column temporarily stops moving, stopping on the right side of the road. When driving at high speeds, on dusty roads, in ice, on roads with steep slopes, descents and turns, the distances between cars increase.
Settlements, crossings, passes and gorges troops pass non-stop, with the maximum possible speed, showing increased vigilance; armored objects move with closed hatches. When driving on bridges and railway crossings, measures are taken to ensure traffic safety, and when passing through tunnels, measures are taken to prevent their strong gas contamination. If there is a delay of troops in a narrow or difficult place of the route, the next columns stop in advance in a sheltered area; measures are immediately taken to eliminate the resulting congestion. During a long march, a temporary substitution of drivers and driver-mechanics is periodically performed.
Can't stop for a break in the locality; the stop should be made on the ground with open approaches. The lead vehicles of all battalion columns stop at the same time. Pull up one battalion column to another, disrupting the formation of columns of units and formations, reduce the distances established for the march between battalion and regimental columns, unless this is forced by considerations of the convenience of stopping the column (bridge, steep descent or ascent, etc.), not allowed. Cars stop on the right side of the road at established distances, no closer than 10 m from one another, so that a refueling, repair, oncoming or overtaking car can stand between them.
The personnel disembark from the vehicles and settle down to rest to the right of the road. Observers, duty crews of anti-aircraft weapons and radio operators remain in the cars. In the interests of protection against nuclear and high-precision weapons, the protective and masking properties of the terrain are used to the maximum; if there is time, the simplest shelters for weapons and military equipment are prepared. At the halts, a control inspection of weapons, military and other equipment and maintenance are carried out. On a halt lasting up to 2 h personnel are usually given hot meals. At the end of the halt, all vehicles simultaneously resume movement, gradually increasing speed and distance.
At the end of the daily transition troops at the appointed time stop for day (night) rest , and after several transitions (if necessary) - to daily rest . The duration of the stay of troops in the recreation area depends on the situation. Troops leave the roads, disperse and covertly position themselves, taking into account the requirements of protection against weapons of mass destruction, precision weapons and in such a manner that maintains combat readiness and quickly pulls columns to continue moving. Rest and meals for personnel are organized, maintenance and repair of damaged vehicles are carried out, the necessary reorganization of columns is carried out, and simple shelters are prepared for personnel and military equipment. Anti-aircraft weapons are deployed in positions. AT each subunit organizes direct protection, the marching protection of troops becomes sentry or is replaced by a newly assigned sentry .
During the march, combat support is constantly carried out . Reconnaissance of the enemy and the terrain is continuously conducted, its tasks are solved by reconnaissance detachments, separate reconnaissance, combat reconnaissance and reconnaissance (including officer) patrols, patrol squads (tanks), observers, engineering and chemical reconnaissance patrols, artillery reconnaissance subunits and other reconnaissance bodies. In accordance with the current situation, the tasks of protection against weapons of mass destruction and chemical support are being solved, and with the approach to the range of the enemy’s high-precision weapons, radar reconnaissance means are made ready to detect air attack means, visual monitoring of the air in subunits is enhanced, and a search for reconnaissance and signaling equipment is organized. enemy devices along the routes of movement and their destruction in the places of installation. The areas monitored by enemy radar reconnaissance are overcome at an increased speed. The distances between the companies of the dolita prevent the simultaneous failure of two subunits when the enemy is hit with high-precision weapons, but at the last halt these distances should be reduced in order to ensure the necessary speed of deployment of troops when entering battle from the march.
Movement is expedient along as many routes as possible, with the maximum use of the protective and camouflage properties of the terrain, taking into account the camouflage measures of the senior commander and the implementation of camouflage measures by the forces and means of subunits. On false routes prepared according to the plan of the senior commander, demonstrative actions are being carried out using nomadic mock-ups of military equipment.
On the march troops carry out measures for engineering support and commandant service , planned during the organization of the march, as well as activities, the need for which arises as a result of unforeseen changes in the situation. Helicopters are widely used to control from the air the observance of the discipline of the march by the troops, as well as to withdraw the columns that have lost their orientation to the routes of movement, to show the troops the ways to bypass the areas of destruction, fires and floods and to withdraw them to new directions due to changes in tasks. Helicopters are widely used.
In the course of a march, troops may be subjected to nuclear and air strikes, precision-guided weapons and incendiaries, and the enemy may carry out remote mining of terrain in the lane. The troops will fight enemy sabotage and reconnaissance groups, airborne assault forces, and airmobile subunits of the enemy, and even before reaching the designated area or to the indicated line, they will defeat the enemy group that has broken through from the flank or approached from the depths. This will require not only the timely implementation of combat support measures and the preservation of the combat capability of the troops, but also skillful actions to repel enemy strikes.
Air defense of troops during the march carried out taking into account the actions of the senior commander. In all divisions, on each machine, continuous monitoring of the air is carried out. When an air enemy appears, the troops are immediately notified of this by a set signal. Upon receipt of the signal, the illuminators of active (illuminated) night vision devices and all light sources on the machines are immediately turned off. The columns, as a rule, continue to move at an increased speed and with increased distances between cars. In case of severe damage to road structures and the impossibility of bypassing the destroyed sections, the movement of individual columns stops until the damage is repaired.
anti-aircraft weapons they destroy an air enemy and luminous aerial bombs with fire on the move or from short stops, usually deploying along routes, and after repelling a raid they continue to move. Air targets are fired from small arms by specially designated units. Sections of roads destroyed as a result of air strikes are bypassed along alternative or newly explored routes.
When an enemy inflicts a nuclear or chemical attack, massive use of high-precision weapons units and subunits that have retained their combat capability continue to move. Measures are being taken in columns that have been directly attacked to restore command and combat effectiveness of the personnel, eliminate the consequences of an enemy attack, block roads or find detours and mark passages and detours at night with luminous signs.
Helicopters are used to identify the state of traffic routes, detect contamination zones, blockages, areas of destruction, fires and floods, find directions to overcome or bypass them. Troops are bypassing areas where nuclear strikes have been inflicted or chemical weapons have been used. If it is impossible to bypass the formed zones of radioactive and chemical contamination, blockages, areas of destruction, fires and floods, they are overcome without changing the marching order on the move, in directions that ensure the least damage and contamination of personnel and military equipment; overcoming is carried out at maximum speed, at increased distances, using means of individual and collective protection.
If, by order of the senior commander, the column must wait for the decline in high levels of radiation, the troops disperse, take cover and mask. The affected personnel are evacuated to the nearest medical institutions, and damaged weapons, military and other equipment that cannot be repaired on their own are transferred to the repair and evacuation authorities.
Elimination of the consequences of the enemy's use of weapons of mass destruction must be carried out quickly and not delay the general movement of troops. Partial special treatment of personnel, weapons and equipment is carried out after leaving the zone of contamination, and in case of contamination with toxic substances - immediately. Complete special processing is carried out, as a rule, in the area of day (night, daily) rest or upon arrival in the designated area.
When the enemy uses incendiary weapons on the troops on the march, as well as when they are forced to overcome the fire area on the move measures are being taken to ensure the safety of personnel, the preservation of weapons, military and other equipment, the protective properties of equipment, as well as personal protective equipment, are used to the maximum. The columns are quickly removed from the fire area forward or to the windward side and stop. Fires are extinguished in armament and equipment, rescue operations and first aid are provided to personnel. After that, the columns continue to move, and the wounded and sick are evacuated to the nearest medical institutions or follow with their units.
When sudden remote mining by the enemy of the terrain in the traffic lane troops, reconnaissance of mined areas is immediately organized and, if it is not possible to bypass them and continue moving in a given direction, the necessary forces and means are allocated to make passages in the formed barriers and pass military equipment and personnel through them. Passages in minefields on the routes of movement are made by traffic support units, barrier groups, as well as tanks equipped with mine sweeps. Each such tank clears two ruts along which motorized rifle units cross the minefield on foot. Tanks without trawls, infantry fighting vehicles, tractors and vehicles overcome minefields along passages not less than 6 m wide, made by undermining mines with specially prepared charges, by trawling a minefield with tanks equipped with mine trawls, or by hand.
Communication on the march carried out by mobile means, and in subdivisions, in addition, by established signals. Radios are for reception only. Restrictions on the use of radio equipment are removed when meeting with the enemy and when repelling enemy air strikes. march battle column
During the march, the movement of the column is controlled by the radio network of the commandant's service and by receiving messages at the commandant's (dispatcher's) posts (points). The battalion commander informs the head of the post (point) of the number of his column, information about the state of the passed section of the route, about the situation on it, about the lagging behind and out of order equipment of his unit and other units (units), receives orders and instructions received for him, information about the state of the next section of the route.
The closure can report to the battalion commander about stopped and out of order weapons and military equipment in short conditional messages.
Battalion (company) march preparation includes : its organization (decision-making, march calculation, setting combat missions, organization of fire, interaction, comprehensive support, control); preparation of command, headquarters of the battalion and units for the march; practical work in subdivisions (monitoring the fulfillment of assigned tasks and providing assistance) and other activities.
marching order , in which the troops make a march, is a formation of forces and means, specially created for movement in columns and due to the task, the plan of the upcoming actions, the number of routes and other conditions of the situation.
The battalion (company) makes a movement under its own power (march) or transported by rail (water) transport. A motorized rifle battalion (company), in addition, can be transported by air. The main mode of movement of the battalion (company) is the march.
Battalion (company) always have to be ready to movement over long distances under the threat of the enemy using weapons of mass destruction, high-precision weapons, remote mining systems, the impact of his aviation, airborne (airmobile) assault forces, sabotage and reconnaissance groups and irregular armed formations, radioactive, chemical and biological contamination, destruction of roads and crossings, as well as countering the movement of the civilian population.
Battalion (company) usually marches in the column of the main forces of the formation (unit, subdivision). In addition, a battalion on the march can be assigned to a forward detachment or vanguard, and a company to a head, lateral, lateral fixed or rear outpost.
The battalion (company) marches in one column. Distances between units and vehicles in a column can be 25--50 m . When driving in open areas in conditions of the threat of the use of high-precision weapons by the enemy, dusty roads and in other conditions of insufficient visibility (less than 300 m), in ice, on roads with steep ascents, descents and turns, as well as when driving at high speed, the distances between cars increase and can be 100-150 m.
For the timely and organized start and march of the battalion assigned to the forward detachment , the direction of action, the starting point and the time of its passage are indicated; battalion acting in the vanguard or following as part of the column of the main forces of the brigade (regiment), as well as a company allocated to a marching outpost or following as part of the main forces of the battalion , - route of movement, starting point, control points on it and the time of their passage, places and times of halts, day (night) rest. If necessary, the boundary of a probable meeting with the enemy is indicated.
marching order battalion (company) performing march in anticipation of meeting with the enemy , is built depending on the task received, the conditions of the situation, the availability of routes, the concept of upcoming actions, and the battle order being created. Marching order of troops when making a march in anticipation of entering into battle should provide carrying out a march at the appointed time, maintaining the combat readiness of troops when the enemy delivers nuclear strikes and is exposed to chemical and conventional weapons, including high-precision weapons, and their rapid deployment into battle formation.
marching order for the march beyond the threat of a collision with the enemy It is built taking into account the convenience of movement, the achievement of high speed, the least strain on the forces of personnel and the preservation of military equipment, as well as protection against weapons of mass destruction, high-precision weapons and camouflage, and enemy reconnaissance equipment. March order of the battalion marching as part of the main forces of the brigade (regiment), includes columns of the main forces, technical support units and rear.
The marching order of the battalion (company) assigned to the advance detachment or vanguard (marching outpost) , is built taking into account the rapid deployment of units in battle formation, their entry into battle and includes: a battalion - marching guards, a column of the main forces, technical support and rear units; companies - marching guards and a column of the main forces.
In anticipation of the entry into battle from a battalion operating in the forward detachment, vanguard or at the head of the column of the main forces of the brigade (regiment), reconnaissance patrol . If the reconnaissance patrol is not sent out, then the reconnaissance platoon or subunit intended for operations in the reconnaissance patrol makes a march at the head of the column of the main forces of the battalion, as a rule, behind the command and observation post.
Column of the main forces battalion (company), depending on the conditions of the situation, may have a different formation. A tank subunit attached to a motorized rifle battalion (company) usually follows at the head of the column, and a motorized rifle unit attached to a tank battalion (company) is distributed among tank companies (platoons) and follows the tanks in their march formations or is assigned to a march guard; regular and attached artillery, depending on the conditions of the situation, can march at the head of the column of the main forces of the battalion, behind the command and observation post, or follow the combat units of the battalion; the artillery unit attached to the company, as a rule, behind the combat units. The grenade launcher platoon usually follows the head company of the main forces of the battalion, and the anti-tank squad of the company follows at the head of the company column. The anti-tank unit of the battalion follows the head outpost or the head company of the main forces of the battalion. Most of the anti-aircraft weapons of an anti-aircraft unit marching in a battalion column follow closer to the head of the main body column, and some of them - with the head marching outpost.
Technical Support and Logistics Units, as a rule, they follow the column of the main body of the battalion. Depending on the conditions of the situation and the terrain, they can march along a separate route of movement.
By decision of the senior commander, they can be included in the column of technical support units and the rear of the brigade (regiment) and join the battalion on halts (in recreation areas). medical platoon
(Point) of the battalion usually follows with subunits of technical support and rear, and in anticipation of entering the battle - behind subunits intended for operations in the first echelon.
The battalion organizes the closing of the column, which includes evacuation and repair facilities, the forces and means of the medical service, vehicles with fuel and military equipment.
The battalion (company) commander, as a rule, follows at the head of the column, checking the route of movement on the map, controls the actions of the sent reconnaissance patrol, marching guards and maintains the established
march line. If there is a threat of an enemy attack from an ambush, the subunit commander may be in the depths of the column.
The deputy battalion commander usually follows with units intended for operations in the second echelon, or with the head outpost. The deputy battalion commander for logistics, as a rule, directs the movement of technical support and logistics units. The deputy battalion commander for weapons, as a rule, leads the closing of the battalion column. Deputy company commanders for armaments (company technicians) follow as part of the closure of the column or as part of their subunits.
The march order of troops consists of columns, the number of which depends mainly on the scale of the military formation and the number of routes. The unit marches in one column. The battalion, assigned to the forward detachment, vanguard, or following a separate route, advances, having a column of the main forces and a marching outpost. The marching order of a unit or formation may include a forward detachment, a marching guard, a movement support detachment, columns of the main forces and columns of technical support and rear units.
As forward detachments sent: from the regiment - a reinforced battalion (Appendix No. 1), from a division - a reinforced regiment, and when moving in a wide lane - several reinforced battalions, one from each of the head regiments. From the front, troops are guarded by vanguards in the composition of a battalion (regiment), forward marching outposts, head patrols and patrol squads (tanks), from threatened flanks by side detachments and side marching outposts, from the rear by rear marching outposts. The movement support detachment is sent as part of the engineering troops. The main forces follow one or more columns, divided by depth into echelons. Subunits and units of technical support and rear move directly behind combat subunits or independent columns behind the main forces at a distance of several kilometers.
Marching order of troops when making a march outside the threat of a collision with the enemy It is built taking into account the convenience of movement, the achievement of high speed of movement, the least strain on the forces of personnel and the preservation of weapons and equipment. Therefore, in this case, the forward detachment is not sent out, the composition and removal of marching guards from the front may be smaller, and guards to the flanks and to the rear, if the situation is favorable, may not be sent at all. The main forces are moved by a smaller number of columns, which therefore have greater depth. Units on tracked vehicles can form common columns and move along a separate route or behind units on wheeled vehicles. Propulsion units are advanced in advance, and part of the rear units are sent in advance to the areas of halts, day (night, daily) rest. forward detachment sent to preempt the enemy in capturing a favorable line and holding it until the approach of the main forces; it is also entrusted with the task of conducting reconnaissance. The advance detachment is sent a few hours before the start of the advance of the main forces With in such a way that its removal provides the commander with time to organize the battle and conduct maneuvers with forces and means; this takes into account the ability of the forward detachment independently, without the support of the main forces, to fight with superior enemy forces.
Camp guards are organized front, threatened flanks and rear. From the front, the troops are guarded by vanguards, forward marching outposts, head patrols and patrol squads (tanks). Vanguards are sent up to a reinforced battalion to such a distance that provides the commander with time to make a decision and bring tasks to the attention of the troops, and the main forces - to maneuver and deploy for battle. Head outpost sent out as part of a reinforced company, head watch -- as part of a platoon, a sentinel squad (tank) is sent to remove visual communication. Threatened flanks are expelled side marching posts , and in especially dangerous areas, stationary side outposts are set up or landed from helicopters, holding advantageous lines until the passage of guarded columns. Rear security is provided rear outposts , which usually include two or three tanks for towing and protecting lagging vehicles. Side and rear guards follow at a distance up to 5 km.
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