Rivers and lakes of China. What are the two largest rivers in China? What are the two main rivers in China
Yangtze- the largest river in China, originates in the snow-capped mountains of Geladandong of the Tanggla mountain system, flows through 11 provinces, autonomous regions and cities of central subordination and flows into the East China Sea, its total length is 6300 km, it ranks 3rd in length in the world. The Yangtze has many tributaries, the main ones are: Yalongjiang, Minjiang, Jialingjiang, Hanjiang, Wujiang, Xiangjiang, Ganjiang, etc. The basin area is 1.8 million square meters. km, or 18.8% of the total area of China. Its total flow is 951.3 billion cubic meters, or 52% of the country's total flow. As the country's largest river, the Yangtze is an important shipping route for China. On the stretch of the Yangtze River from Fengjie County, Chongqing City to Yichang, Hubei Province, there is a 193 km long Sanxia Canyon. Construction of the well-known Sanxia hydroelectric complex began in 1994 and will be completed in 2009, which will be able to curb rare floods, and generate electricity per year will be 84.7 billion kWh. , the hydroelectric complex will also improve the fairway, ensure the provision of water for cities and towns in the middle and lower reaches of the river, for irrigation of field lands.
Huanghe- the second largest river in China, originates in the northern spurs of the Baiangla Mountains in Qinghai Province and flows through nine provinces and autonomous regions, flows into the Bohai Sea. The length of the Yellow River is 5464 km, its basin covers an area of more than 750 thousand square meters. km, the annual flow reaches 66.1 billion cubic meters. The number of its main tributaries is more than 40. The main ones are Fenhe and Weihe. The soil of the Loess Plateau, through which the Yellow River flows, contains a lot of calcium carbonate, which is very hard when dry, but when it rains, it instantly turns into a liquid, easily washed off with water. A large amount of silt and sand, along with water, enter the Yellow River, turning it into a river with the highest silt content in the world, as a result, the height of the Yellow River's channel rises by 10 cm annually. At present, many hydroelectric facilities have already been built in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, such , like Longyangxia, Lujiaxia, Qingtongxia. And in the middle reaches of the river, within the province of Henan, the Xiaoland hydroelectric complex is being built.
heilongjiang flows through the northern part of the country, the border river between China and Russia, its basin covers an area of more than 900 thousand square meters. km, the length of the river within China is 3420 km.
Songhuajiang: pool area - 557.18 thousand square meters. km, total length - 2308 km, annual flow - 76.2 billion cubic meters.
Liaohe: pool area - 228.96 thousand square meters. km, total length - 1390 km, annual flow - 14.8 billion cubic meters.
Zhujiang is the largest river in South China, the basin area is 453.69 thousand square meters. km, total length - 2214 km, annual flow - more than 333.8 billion cubic meters, in terms of water resources, it ranks second in China, second only to the Yangtze.
Huihe: basin area - 269.238 thousand square meters. km, total length - 1000 km, annual flow - 62.2 billion cubic meters.
Grand Canal Beijing - Hangzhou dug in the 5th century BC. e., leads from Beijing to Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. It pulls from north to south for 1800 km, flows through the cities of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang provinces, making it the earliest and longest artificial canal in the world.
In the II millennium BC. e., far to the east of the ancient civilizations of Asia Minor and India, a slave-owning society takes shape and the first slave-owning state arises in Northern China. This was of great importance for the history of the peoples who inhabited both China and other countries of the Far East. By this time, the most ancient traditions of the Chinese people, the beginnings of their hieroglyphic writing, the growth and spread of the influence of their high culture date back. Since that time, the centuries-old history of the great Chinese people originates.
Decomposition of the primitive communal system and the emergence of the Shang (Yin) state
The Russian name "China" was borrowed from the Central Asian peoples, who gave the country this name by the name of the Kitai (a people of Mongolian origin), who owned in the X-XII centuries. n. e. northern part of China. The Western European and Middle Eastern names of China go back to the word "Chin", the Tajik-Persian designation for the name of the country. This name comes from the name of the ancient Chinese kingdom of Qin, which extended its power to most of China in the 3rd century BC. BC e.
The Chinese themselves called their country differently, most often by the name of the reigning dynasties, for example: Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, etc. Since ancient times, the name “Zhong Guo” (“Middle State”) has also been common, which has survived until now. Another Chinese name for the country is "Hua" ("Flowering") or "Zhonghua" ("Middle Blooming"); now it is part of the name of the People's Republic of China.
Nature and population
According to geographical and economic features, modern China is usually divided into two parts: western and eastern. The territory of Western China is a vast plateau with such powerful mountain systems as the Himalayas, Kunlun and Tien Shan. The highest mountain ranges in the world, the Himalayas, which in some places have a height of more than 8 km above sea level, form a kind of barrier between China and India.
Eastern China does not have such powerful mountain systems as Western; a significant part of the territory here is made up of lowlands, coastal plains, mountains of medium height and plateaus adjoin them.
In Eastern China, natural conditions are more favorable than in Western China, the climate is much milder, vegetation is more diverse, etc. All these conditions contributed to the fact that it was in this part of China that the most ancient agricultural culture was born, the first centers of Chinese civilization appeared, earlier than in other parts of the country, a state arose.
China has a significant river network, but all major rivers are located in the eastern part of the country. The main rivers of China flow from west to east. River valleys are the most fertile and most populated areas of the country. The ancient population of China was concentrated in the river valleys. The basin of the main river of Northern China - the Yellow River, whose length is more than 4 thousand km, was the center of the most ancient Chinese civilization. Huang He is a stormy river. It repeatedly changed its course, flooded vast expanses of land, bringing great disasters to the population. The largest river in China is the Yangtzejiang, which has a length of over 5 thousand km, its basin is Central China. The largest river in South China is the high-water Xijiang (about 2,000 km).
The bowels of China abound in minerals. Rivers, lakes and seas are rich in fish. In ancient times, vast areas in Katay were covered with forests.
The climate of the eastern part of China is very favorable for agriculture, since the hottest time of the year - summer accounts for the largest amount of precipitation, while autumn is warm and dry. The climate of the western part of China is notable for its considerable dryness, with long, cold winters and short, hot summers.
The population of China in ancient times was not homogeneous. The Chinese tribes proper, bearing, according to the indications of later literary sources, the names Xia, Shang, Zhou, etc., already in very early times occupied a significant part of Eastern, Northern and Northwestern China. In the south and south-west of the country, various tribes of the Sino-Tibetan group of languages \u200b\u200bthat were mainly related to the Chinese lived. The west, north and northeast of China were inhabited mainly by the tribes of the Turkic, Mongolian and Manchu-Tungus language groups.
The main areas of Chinese settlement in ancient times were the areas of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, as well as the plain adjacent to the Bohai (Zhili) Bay. Fertile alluvial (alluvial) soil, formed mainly from river silt, prevailed here. The fertile soil and temperate climate of the Great Chinese Plain contributed to the development of agriculture here among the ancient Chinese tribes.
In a less advantageous position were the ancient tribes who inhabited the region of loess soils, which occupy a vast area in northern and northwestern China. Loess, which is a deposit of mineral dust particles blown off the mountain heights by winter monsoons, contains nutrients (organic residues and easily soluble alkalis) that make it possible to do without fertilizers. But relatively little precipitation falls in the area of the loess plateau, so artificial irrigation is required here for the development of agriculture. Due to the conditions noted above, the tribes that inhabited the loess plateau in ancient times had less developed agriculture than in the area of the lower reaches of the Yellow River.
Decomposition of the primitive communal system
According to Chinese literary sources, it can be concluded that in China in the III millennium BC. e. maternal survivals. This can be seen from the fact that ancient sources, reporting on the origin of the first ancestors of the Shang, Zhou and Qin tribes, do not speak about their fathers, but only give the names of mothers, the kinship was then counted along the maternal line. It is known that under the maternal clan (matriarchy), sons could not inherit from their father, since they belonged to another clan, namely to the mother's clan. According to Sima Qian, the author of "Historical Notes" 1 ("Historical Notes" ("Shi Ji"), consisting of 130 chapters, is the first time in China's consolidated history of the country, covering the period from legendary antiquity to the 1st century BC Sima Qian (II-1 centuries BC), the author of this work, used sources available in his time and subsequently lost. times, the economic structure of the country (mainly the 2nd-1st centuries BC), cultural development, etc.), the legendary rulers Yao and Shun, before their death, chose their successors not from among their sons.
"Historical notes" bring to us memories of the period when there was a council of tribal elders. The leader of the tribe often consulted with him on the most important issues. Clan or tribal leaders, by decision of the council of elders, could be relieved of their duties. From the legends cited by literary sources, we can conclude that at the end of the 3rd millennium, the elective principle was replaced by hereditary law: tribal leaders were no longer elected, the hereditary power of the leader appears, passed from father to son. The family of the leader, isolated from the rest of the tribe, later became the bearer of royal power. But even under these conditions, the council of elders still exists, although its rights are limited, and its decisions become optional for the hereditary leaders of the tribe.
The data of archaeological excavations allow us to conclude that in the 2nd millennium, when bronze appeared in China, there was a decomposition of the primitive communal system and a gradual transition to a class, slave-owning society.
The sources do not make it possible to trace the entire process of the disintegration of the tribal system and the transition to a class society in China; they report only fragmentary data on this. According to them, we can conclude that slavery appears even in the bowels of the tribal society. Captives captured during wars between individual tribes and clans were used as labor force, turned into slaves. This process took place on the basis of the further development of the productive forces, the emergence of private ownership of the means of production and products of labor, on the basis of the growth of property inequality, and took place in a continuous struggle both within the tribes that inhabited China in ancient times, and between the tribes. Based on Chinese literary sources, it can be assumed that the struggle within the tribes was accompanied by the struggle of tribal elders against the leaders of the tribes.
By the end of the III millennium, as can be assumed on the basis of ancient legends, the Xia and Shan tribes played a decisive role in the territory of ancient China. Ultimately, the winner was the Shang tribe, whose name is associated with the creation of the first state in the history of China. About the tribe, science does not have reliable archaeological data. We can judge about it only according to some data of literary sources.
Creation of the State of Shang (Yin)
Judging by the legends preserved in ancient literary sources, the Shan tribe originally inhabited the Yishui River basin (the northwestern part of the current Hebei province). Then, as some modern Chinese researchers suggest, this tribe settled from the Yishui River basin in different directions: to the west - to the territory of modern Shanxi province, to the south - to Henan, to the southeast - to Shandong, to the northeast - along the coast Bohai Bay to the Liaodong Peninsula.
By the 18th century BC e., when, according to legend, Cheng Tang was at the head of the Shai tribe, the final subjugation of the Xia tribe by him dates back.
Cheng Tang, according to Chinese tradition, founded a dynasty called the Shang. In later times, after the fall of this dynasty, in the inscriptions on bronze vessels, the Shang dynasty and the state as a whole, as well as its crown population, for the first time began to be denoted by the hieroglyph "yin". This name is widely used both in ancient sources and in modern Chinese and foreign literature. Therefore, we also use two names to designate the same state or period: Shang and Yin.
The name Shang, which was used until the destruction of this kingdom in the 12th century. BC e., comes from the name of the area where, apparently, the ancestral possessions of the leaders of the Shan tribe were located. This name was also used to designate the tribe, then it was adopted as the name of the state and country.
The main source of information about the Shang (Yin) kingdom is data gleaned from excavations of the remains of the last capital of this kingdom, the city of Shan, found near the city of Anyang, near the village of Xiaotun (in modern Henan province). Of particular importance are the bones found here with inscriptions. These inscriptions are mainly divinatory records - the questions of the Yin kings to the oracles and the answers of the latter. The inscriptions were made on the bones of various animals (most often bulls and deer) and shields (shells) of turtles and can be attributed to the XIV-XII centuries. BC e.
Based on the data of these inscriptions, some researchers conclude that the entire territory of the state of Shang (Yin) was divided into five large regions, bearing the names: Shan, Northern lands, Southern lands, Eastern lands and Western lands. The Shan region was considered central, the main one, therefore in the inscriptions on the bones it was called Central Shan.
The Shang (Yin) kingdom occupied the territory of the modern province of Henan, as well as parts of the adjacent provinces. Around the kingdom of Shang there was a number of semi-dependent, at times subordinate to him, including Chinese tribes. In the neighborhood with the Western lands lived the tribes of Zhou, Qiang, Guifan, Kufan; the neighbors of the Northern Lands were the Luifang and Tufan tribes; the neighbors of the Southern lands were the Caofang and others, and, finally, the Renfang tribe was in the neighborhood of the Eastern lands.
Tools. Agriculture.
The materials of archaeological excavations give a certain idea of the development of productive forces in the Shang (Yin) period. First of all, bronze items are widely used, but at the same time stone and bone tools still retain great importance.
During excavations in Xiaotong of the Yin city, the capital of the Shang (Yin) kingdom, many items made of copper and bronze were found: sacrificial vessels, household utensils and weapons - swords, halberds, axes, arrowheads, spear points. In addition, bronze tools were found: axes, knives, awls, chisels, pitchforks and needles. If we take into account that in the pre-Yin period, vessels were made mainly from clay, and tools and weapons from stone and bone, then it should be concluded that during the Shang (Yin) period, great progress was made in the development of productive forces. This is also evidenced by a wide variety of forms, more skillful dressing of products, in particular vessels, and rich painting on them.
Although in the life of the population of ancient China during this period, primitive forms of economy, such as fishing and partly hunting, still retained their importance, they no longer played a decisive role. They were supplanted by cattle breeding and agriculture, and the latter began to play the main role.
To designate various kinds of concepts related to agriculture, a number of signs are used in the inscriptions on the bones, meaning: “field”, “well”, “arable land”, “boundary”, “wheat”, “millet”, etc. The sign “field” (tian) was depicted as regular four squares connected together, or as a rectangle divided into several parts, or as an uneven five-hexagon.
The main crops in northern China were millet, which required relatively little moisture, wheat, barley, and sorghum (kaoliang). It is possible that rice culture also existed at this time in the Yellow River basin. The inscriptions on the bones testify to the presence of horticultural crops during the Shang (Yin) period, as well as the cultivation of silkworms (silkworm) and the cultivation of mulberry trees. According to legend, silkworms have been bred in China since ancient times. Silk cocoons were discovered during excavations at one of the Neolithic sites in the village of Xincun (Shanxi Province). In the inscriptions on the bones, there are often signs depicting a silkworm. Silkworm caterpillars were held in high esteem by the Yin people. They even made sacrifices to their spirits. In divinatory inscriptions, there are also signs depicting silk threads (a product of a silkworm), a dress, etc.
The further development of agriculture is evidenced by the higher than before, the technique of cultivating the land. A number of modern Chinese scholars suggest that even then irrigation was used, apparently primitive and still on a small scale. This conclusion is suggested both by ancient legends, which tell about the beginnings of artificial irrigation back in the pre-Yin period, and by inscriptions on bones. In the latter there are a number of hieroglyphs expressing the idea of irrigation. One of them depicted a field and streams of water, which were, as it were, irrigation canals.
In agriculture, metal tools were already used. This is evidenced by the copper shovels found during excavations in the vicinity of Luoyang and near Anyang. The interpretation of a number of characters in the inscriptions on the bones suggests that the Yin people used cattle for cultivating the land. So, one of the signs, "y", depicted an ox standing on the side of an agricultural tool. Another sign, “li” (plough, plow), also has an ox in its composition, and sometimes, but rarely, a horse. Divinatory inscriptions also contain combinations of two hieroglyphs denoting a plow and a bull.
According to Chinese legends, in ancient times there was the so-called "paired plowing", when two people plowed together. This gave more effect when loosening the earth. The concept of “paired plowing” also had a broader meaning: it meant the combined efforts of two or more people in cultivating the land, that is, the collective cultivation of the field.
Hunting and fishing no longer played the main role in the economy of the Yin people, but continued to remain significant. This is evidenced by many inscriptions on the bones.
In Yin society, cattle breeding occupied a significant place. This is evidenced by the number of animals sacrificed to the spirits. Sometimes it is also white kaolin. At that time, the potter's wheel already existed, although clay vessels were also made by hand. Clay products were fired, sometimes covered with glaze, often decorated with fine ornaments.
We have already talked about the development of sericulture in the Yin times. The existence of such hieroglyphs, which denoted the concepts of “silk thread”, “clothes”, “shawl”, etc., testifies to the production of silk fabrics and the development of weaving.
The existence of various branches of handicraft and special workshops, as well as the high skill of Yin artisans, testify to the fact that handicraft production has already come a long way in its development.
exchange development.
With the advent of the division of labor between agriculture and handicrafts and the growth of surplus agricultural products and handicrafts, exchange develops. Archaeological finds allow us to conclude that there are economic ties between the Yin people and other tribes, including very distant ones. 
From the tribes from the coast of Bohai, the Yin people received fish, sea shells; apparently from modern Xinjiang - jasper. From the regions located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and in South China, copper and tin were brought, from which bronze was smelted. Nomadic and semi-nomadic tribes received agricultural products and handicrafts, in particular weapons, from the Yin people. The finds on the Abakan River of vessels, and on the Yenisei River of bronze weapons, similar to the products of Shan artisans, testify to the connections of the Ints with the tribes of Siberia.
Archaeological excavations show that at least after the XIV century. BC e. among the Indians, precious cowrie shells were the measure of value.
In the ruins of the Yin capital, many such shells with a smooth, polished outer side were found. In order to make the shells more comfortable to wear, holes were drilled in them and strung on a thread. The cost of the bundles appears to have been significant. In the inscriptions there is a mention of a gift by the king of several bundles, at most up to ten. Later, as the exchange expanded, the number of sea shells in circulation became insufficient, and it was difficult to extract them. Then they began to resort to replacing natural shells with artificial ones made of jasper or bones. Shells, having become a measure of value, later turned into a symbol of treasure, wealth. Concepts meaning preciousness, wealth, accumulation, and many others, close to them in meaning, began to be denoted by hieroglyphs, in which the shell was the main component.
The class character of Yin society.
The remains of dwellings and burials indicate a significant property stratification. While the poor huddled in dugouts, the rich lived in large wooden houses with stone foundations. Burials also reflect class differentiation. The tombs of kings and nobility differ sharply from the burials of ordinary people in terms of the abundance and richness of the things found in them. A large number of expensive items made of bronze and jade, as well as decorated weapons, were found in the burials of the nobility. Together with the dead noble people, their servants, probably slaves, were buried. 
So, in the graves of the Yin parei, corpses with severed heads were found. There is reason to believe that sometimes slaves were buried alive.
Until relatively recently, scientists unanimously considered Yin society to be pre-class, while noting that by the end of its existence (the 12th century BC), primitive communal relations disintegrated and a transition to a slave-owning system took place. However, further research on the deciphering of Yin inscriptions on bones and archaeological excavations carried out by Chinese scientists in recent years led to a different conclusion, namely: Yin society was a class, slave-owning society. But it is very difficult to establish the exact time of the transition from a tribal society to a class society. Although the data of archaeological excavations, reflecting class relations, refer to the period after the transfer of the capital by King Pan Geng to Shang, i.e., to the XIV century. BC e., it can be assumed that a class society arose even before that time. For a long time, this system, of course, retained significant vestiges of primitive communal relations.
The most reliable literary monument, whose data on Yin shed light on the period preceding the creation of the Shang Dynasty, is the chapter "Basic Records of Yin" from Sima Qian's Historical Notes. It is characteristic that the list of Yin wangs (rulers, kings) given by Sima Qian is mainly confirmed by inscriptions on bones. This gives grounds to consider Sima Qian's materials as reliable enough. According to Sima Qian, Cheng Tang, addressing the zhuhou (warlords) and the population, said: “Those of you who do not respect my orders, I will severely punish and destroy. No one will be spared." So the ruler could speak, already fully in control of the lives of his subordinates.
The Yangtze is longest river in china and throughout the Eurasian continent. Its length is about six thousand kilometers, which can allow it to compete with such large rivers as the Nile and the Amazon. The source of the river is in the center of the Tibetan plateau.
The river most likely got its name from the ancient ferry crossing, whose name was the Yangtze. This was usually the first word that merchants from Europe who arrived here could hear, so this name stuck to the river. However, in China, the name Yangtze has long been outdated, and now only poets use this name in their poems and poems. And the current name of the river - chang jiang, and it translates as long river».
Based on the fact that yangtze river very long, then the locals called it differently in different parts of it, because the times were ancient and there were no special movements of peoples, so everyone called their section of the river as they saw fit and took it for the truth. For example, in its upper reaches the river was called Dangku (which means swamp river). Somewhat downstream, the locals gave the river the name Tuotuo, and further down, Tongtian (it's more of a philosophical name, which means a river that runs through the sky).
And there are many such names. And this is no coincidence. After all, the river emerges from the Himalayan ice, at an altitude of more than five thousand meters above sea level, then it travels a relatively short distance and reaches a thousand meters above sea level. Naturally, such differences and peculiarities could not pass by the inhabitants who settled along the banks of the river, and they gave this great river their names.
Flowing like a storm among mountains, Yangtze It is very well fed from its tributaries, after which its channel expands noticeably. And reaching the borders of the Yangtze mountain range, it collides with the greatest hydraulic structure in the world - a dam called "Sanxia". I must say that the Chinese use the potential of this river, as they say to the fullest. A number of dams have been built here, and several more are in the planning and development stage.
China has a huge number of rivers, lakes and reservoirs. It is not possible to disassemble even some of them, so today we will consider only the largest rivers in China. There are two main rivers in China - the Yangtze (blue river) and the Yellow River (yellow river). Let's talk about them briefly. This review is part of a comprehensive guide to China.
Rivers of China
The importance of water resources for China, as well as for other countries of the world, cannot be overestimated. China is one of the ten most full-flowing countries, annually transporting millions of tons of cargo and food through its waterways. In recent years, China has been actively changing the direction of rivers, building barrier dams and changing the natural landscape in every possible way. In the future, this cannot but have a negative impact on the development of the country. Nevertheless, today, as in many years to come, China's rivers will serve as a critical component of economic success.
The largest rivers in China
Judging by the length, full flow and economic importance, two main rivers in China clearly stand out. They are called the Yangtze, which is commonly called the blue river and the Yellow River, the second name of which is the yellow river in China. In turn, these two rivers are ranked fourth and fifth in the list of the longest rivers in the world.
The Yangtze River in China is the longest, even the literal translation of the Yangtze means long river. It stretches for a distance of about 6,000 kilometers along a large territory of China. Originating among the peaks of Tibet, the blue Yangtze River flows through more than ten provinces and flows into the sea near Shanghai. For several millennia, one of China's two main rivers, the Yangtze, has been the source of life for millions of Chinese and other peoples who inhabit the territory of modern China.
Continuing the story of the largest rivers in China, one cannot fail to mention one of the longest rivers in the world, the Yellow Yellow River. The Huang He received its second name for the characteristic yellow color of the water. The Yellow River in China, the Yellow River, as well as the Yangtze, is China's most important waterway. She gave and continues to give life to a huge number of people living on its shores. The length of the Yellow River is about 5500 kilometers, which makes it one of the longest rivers in the world and one of the two largest rivers in China.
What are the two largest rivers in China?
- The largest river in China - the Yangtze, in length - 6300 km - is second only to the Nile in Africa and the Amazon in South America. The upper course of the Yangtze runs through high mountains and deep valleys. It harbors rich water resources. The Yangtze is the country's main and most convenient shipping route, running from west to east. Its fairway is adapted by nature for navigation, it is not for nothing that the Yangtze is called the "golden transport artery" in China. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze are characterized by a warm and humid climate, abundant rainfall and fertile soil, which creates ideal conditions for the development of agriculture. It is here that the main granary of the country is located. The second largest river in China is the Yellow River, with a total length of 5464 km. The Huang He basin is rich in fertile fields, rich pastures, and the subsoil conceals huge deposits of minerals. The banks of the Yellow River are considered the cradle of the Chinese nation, from here the origins of ancient Chinese culture can be traced. Heilongjiang is a major river in northern China. The total length is 4350 km, of which 3101 km are in China. The Pearl River is the deepest in South China, with a total length of 2214 km. In addition to natural water arteries, China has a well-known man-made Grand Canal connecting the water systems of the Haihe, Huanghe, Huaihe, Yangtze and Qiantangjiang rivers. It was built in the 5th century BC. e., stretches from north to south from Beijing to the city of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province for 1801 km, this is the oldest and longest artificial canal in the world.
- Huang He (Yellow River) and Yangtze.
All. Sorry. - Yangtze and Huang He.
- Yangtze and Huang He.
Huang He - "Yellow River" - because of the color of the water in which the suspension is suspended.
Yangtze - no associations in the brain. - The Chinese also called the Huang He the River of the Nine Sorrows.
- Huang He and Yangtze
- Relief features were reflected primarily in the distribution of water
country's resources. The most humid are the southern and eastern parts,
having a dense and highly branched system. In these areas there are
The largest rivers in China are the Yangtze and the Yellow River. They also include:
Amur, Sungari, Yalohe, Xijiang, Tsagno. the rivers of eastern China are mostly
are rich in water and navigable, and their regime is characterized by uneven
seasonal runoff - minimum flow in winter and maximum - in summer. On the
floods are frequent on the plains, caused by rapid spring and summer melting
snow.
The western, arid part of China is poor in rivers. Basically they
are shallow, shipping on them is poorly developed. Most of the rivers in this
areas do not have a runoff into the sea, and their flow is episodic.
The largest rivers in this region are the Tarim, the Black Irtysh, the Ili, and the Edzin-Gol.
The largest rivers in the country, carrying their waters to the ocean, become infected in
Tibetan plateau.
China is rich not only in rivers, but also in lakes. There are two main
types: tectonic and fashionably erosive. The first are located in the central
the Asian part of the country, and the second in the Yangtze River system. In the western part
China's largest lakes are: Lop Nor, Koonunor, Ebi-Nur. Especially
numerous lakes in the Tibetan Plateau. Most of the flat lakes
as well as rivers, they are shallow, many are without drainage and are saline. In the eastern
parts of China, the largest Dongtinghu, Poyanghu, Taihu, located in
the Yangtze river basin; Hongzuohu and Gaoihu - in the basin of the Yellow River. AT
high water many of these lakes become natural reservoirs
countries. - 1. The Yangtze is the largest river in China and one of the longest rivers in the world, its length is more than 6300 km. , pool area sq. , 1,807,199 km. , the total annual flow is 979.353 billion cubic meters. m., the average layer of the drain is 542 mm.
The Yangtze originates in the foothills of Tibet, in western China, and, flowing through the whole country, flows into the sea near Shanghai. Along the banks of the Yangtze, green villages and small towns covered in myths and legends stretched in the form of terraces. The Yangtze passes deep gorges on the plains of Sichuan, flows through amazingly picturesque gorges and canyons between the cities of Chongqing and Wuhan - this is perhaps the most beautiful place on the river.
At present, this unusual landmark will soon no longer be visible: the Chinese are building a dam that will soon flood all the gorges, and with them the segment of life that has remained untouched for so many generations will disappear.
2. The Yellow River, the second largest river in China, originates in the northern spurs of the Baiangla Mountains in Qinghai Province and flows through nine provinces and autonomous regions, flows into the Bohai Sea. The length of the Yellow River is 5464 km, its basin covers an area of more than 750 thousand square meters. km, the annual flow reaches 66.1 billion cubic meters. The main tributaries are Fenhe and Weihe, and in general the number of tributaries is more than 40.
The Yellow River gets its English name as "Yellow River" for the color of the water, which is rich in silt that is washed out of the loess soils from the area through which it flows. Over the past two thousand years, the river overflowed its banks and broke through dams more than a thousand times, and at least 20 times significantly changed the trajectory of its channel.
Currently, 18 dams have been built on the Yellow River, and 7 more dams are under construction. Hydrosystems are concentrated in the upper reaches of the river, such as the Longyangxia, Lujiaxia, Qingtongxia and in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, the Xiaoland hydroelectric complex is being built there, there are no hydroelectric facilities in the lower reaches of the river.
- Huang He and Yangtze
The Huang He flows across a forest plateau and has the highest turbidity in the world; during floods, it generally turns not even into a river, but into a mud stream - China has only 2 rivers, the Yangtze and the Yellow River.
1 Yangtze
2 Huanhe