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I will solve the exam 18th century. The image resource is limited, where can I find them all? Task execution algorithm

The historical and cultural standard in secondary school every year makes more and more requirements and criteria for those who pass the exam in history. So, since 2016, in addition to the traditional tasks 18 and 19, which involve visual knowledge of the main monuments of history and culture (or other illustrative materials that carry certain information about a particular period of history), task 17 was finally introduced in the KIM USE, proposing to establish a correspondence between a monument of history and culture and information about it.

Unfortunately, in the modern Russian school, acquaintance with the necessary illustrative material today is very sluggish and ill-conceived. There is certainly not enough time in the school curriculum to master such a complex set of illustrative materials.

We do not recommend that you wait by the sea for the weather and rely on a school teacher, a private tutor, or a freebie on the exam itself. Turn the development of complex material into a small study and immersion in a particular historical era. Probably, it is hardly possible to fully understand and realize the activities of Peter I, Ivan Kalita or Joseph Stalin, if you have no idea what they looked like, in what palaces and cities they lived. The illustrative material is complex, but without it, you are unlikely to be able to feel the "taste" of the era.

Presents you with a few rules on how to prepare for tasks 17, 18 and 19 with benefit and pleasure.

Create a personal library on your desktop

History is always mastered with immersion. So you, having become acquainted with the era of antiquity, be sure to create a folder and save as much visual information about the era as possible. In this sense, everything will fit: the period of Ancient Russia has passed, be sure to save the images of Yaroslav the Wise, the plan of Kyiv and Novgorod. Be sure to find the monument to the Millennium of Russia, the Church of St. Sophia and the Golden Gate in Kyiv. It would be ideal (especially when you have a year or more to prepare) for each period to have its own such folder. And when it comes time to review the material before the solution, review the material again.

Read textbooks or websites with a set of illustrations

Don't expect a quick memory. As practice shows, the applicant begins to distinguish the works of artists, architects and sculptors only after 5-6 views of the image with an interval of several days. Accustom yourself not only to read text in textbooks, but also to memorize visual attributes in this text. If you are ready to practice, then you can try.

Start with color illustrations, then get used to black and white

At the exam in history, you will be offered a black and white image, but you should not overshadow yourself with the lack of color diversity. It's okay, watch color, practice tasks, and later get used to the black and white format.

The image resource is limited, where can I find them all?

FIPI experts are also within certain limits of KIMs. Therefore, first take on school textbooks. Particularly good helpers can be textbooks from grades 6 to 9 A.A. Danilova and L.V. Kosulina. Open, view and search in Google or Yandex for a similar illustration.

By the way, a historical atlas can be another good helper. One of the best is, of course, Bustard. There you will find not only maps for all historical periods, but also suitable illustrative material, which, by the way, is quite a lot.

Create presentations, cards, collages

Your brain remembers faster when you put skills and knowledge into practice. Make an excellent presentation for yourself, make a suitable set of cards with the signatures of each temple. Here we advise you to abandon the official, normative Russian language, use slang, jokes, etc. There shouldn't be a routine. Activity should be combined with non-standard presentation.

On the other hand, do not overdo it, it is unlikely that a large and vulgar text will help you. Originality should also be in moderation.

Practice

Before you begin to understand the culture of Russia, numerous illustrative material, you have to solve at least 100 tasks from the KIM USE. And therefore, as soon as the period has worked, go solve the tests. Come back in a couple of days and decide again. Compare the results and start a new period. So you will get a good hand and become more confident in working with tasks on the exam itself. We have prepared tests for you.

Good luck!

History in 2018 is an elective exam. Preparing for the exam in history, as well as preparing for other exams, first of all requires responsibility, organization, competent distribution of time and effort.

Start preparing for the exam as early as 10th grade. To have a good knowledge base in two years for the exam.

Changes in KIM USE 2019 in history:

  • There are no changes in the structure and content of KIM.
  • In task 21, an additional condition was added that determines the requirement for formatting the answer. Accordingly, the criteria for assessing task 21 have been supplemented.

How to start studying history?

1. Theory. To study the theory, use additional literature in printed and electronic form, documentaries, materials on web resources. On our web resource in the "Assignments" section, over 10 typical assignments developed by teachers, based on demos from FIPI(official draft) of past years.

For each task, it is written what you need to know to complete it. will direct you which topics to study for each assignment.

How to remember all this?

The abundance of dates, titles, names, events is a feature of history. But how to remember everything and not “lose” it before the end of the exam?

Exist a number of effective ways lay out all the necessary information "on the shelves":

  • Draw an analogy, visualize, draw diagrams.
  • Work through the topics in chronological order only.
  • Plan your response to each one.
  • Study online - on our website you will find the necessary tasks.

2. Solving training tasks different types gives great experience and self-confidence. Solve online tests with answers based on the theory you read, this will help you learn and reinforce the topic.

3. Practice writing an essay. Sharpen your craft and writing skills. There are three periods from the history of Russia to choose from.

Mini essay requirements:

  • Indicate at least two processes that relate to the selected date;
  • Mention should be made of people who influenced or participated in events, processes or phenomena;
  • It is necessary to mention causal relationships;
  • Use historical terminology in the essay;
  • Mistakes in facts are prohibited.

Historical writing should be connected, with correct logical conclusions.

4. Correctly allocate time on the exam.
To complete the examination work in history, 3 hours 55 minutes(235 minutes).

The examination paper consists of two parts:

  • 1 part- 19 tasks with a short answer (word, phrase, date, name and surname of a historical figure);
  • part 2– 6 tasks with a detailed answer (analysis of a problem, a fragment of a historical document, an assessment of an event, a statement of a point of view).

Estimated time to complete individual tasks is:

  • for each task of part 1 - 3-7 minutes;
  • for each task of part 2 (except task 25) - 5–20 minutes;
  • for the task 25 - 40-80 minutes.

Points for each story task

The minimum passing score is 32.
The maximum you can score on the exam in history is 55.

  • 1 point - for 1, 4, 10, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19 tasks.
  • 2 points - 2, 3, 5-9, 12, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22.
  • 3 points - 11, 23.
  • 4 points - 24.
  • 11 points - 25.

Evaluation system for the performance of individual tasks and work in general

A task with a short answer is considered completed correctly if the sequence of numbers, the required word (phrase) are correctly indicated.

The complete correct answer to tasks 1, 4, 10, 13–15, 18.19 is assessed 1 point; incomplete, incorrect answer or its absence - 0 points.

The complete correct answer to tasks 2, 3, 5–9, 12, 16, 17 is assessed 2 points; if one mistake is made (including one of the digits is missing or there is one extra digit) - 1 point; if two or more errors are made (including missing two or more digits or there are two or more extra digits) or there is no answer - 0 points.

A complete correct answer to task 11 is worth 3 points; if one mistake is made - 2 points; if two or three mistakes are made - 1 point; if four or more errors are made or there is no answer - 0 points.

Tasks of part 2 are evaluated depending on the completeness and correctness of the answer. For completing tasks 20, 21, 22, from 0 to 2 points; for task 23 - from 0 to 3 points; for task 24 - from 0 to 4 points; for task 25 - from 0 to 11 points. Task 25 is graded on .

Remember the time, the plan, and then you will certainly be able to pass the exam in history.

Happy preparation!

Task number 18 always brings to our attention some illustration. It can be a famous painting, image or portrait of a cultural, scientific or political figure, all kinds of stamps and posters.
Our main task is to analyze the image and understand what we are dealing with.

Having determined what is in the picture, we must answer the following statements. Find out if they are true or false information.

Please note that the image provided to you in KIM will always be in black and white, like the map in tasks 13-16. If you receive an unreadable image on an exam (i.e. with any printing defects), contact your examiner to resolve the issue. Because the key to the correct performance of this task is a clear representation of the object in question in the image.

The advantage of this task is that we clearly know that out of the five proposed statements, we need to choose only two.

You can exclude unnecessary ones and thus leave the necessary ones, or check each one in order to be one hundred percent sure of your answer. Before you begin the task, study the image itself well. Perhaps it has some kind of marks, names, dates or something that could give you the right idea.

Task execution algorithm

  1. Reading the text of the task
  2. Getting to know the image
  3. We examine the image in detail for suggestive clues
  4. Determining what is in the picture
  5. Getting to know the claims
  6. Checking the authenticity of each claim
  7. Checking for Three Extra Claims
  8. Making the final choice
  9. Write down the answer

Analysis of typical tasks No. 18 USE in history

The first version of the task (demo version of 2018)

What judgments about this brand are true? Choose two sentences from the five offered. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.

  1. The military figure depicted on the stamp was repressed.
  2. The military figure depicted on the stamp was born during the reign of Nicholas II in Russia.
  3. The events depicted on the stamp by arrows took place during the First World War.
  4. The military figure depicted on the stamp was a participant in the Great Patriotic War.
  5. This stamp was issued during the leadership of the USSR N.S. Khrushchev.

So, let's start with a detailed analysis of the brand. We see that we have a stamp from the times of the USSR, or rather, 1963, which depicts the Soviet military leader Mikhail Nikolaevich Tukhachevsky. Looking closely, we notice the years of his life on the right, which means we can roughly understand what times we will talk about.

In addition, you can see a map against the background of the portrait, where you can see some topographical marks, for example, the city of Ufa.

Now let us recall the events to which Tukhachevsky was involved. He directly took part in the command of the Red Army during the Civil War, and was also one of the main characters in the Soviet-Polish War.

Now we can get acquainted with the statements, when we have analyzed all the other information. Mikhail Nikolayevich was really subject to repressions, especially because of the events of the Soviet-Polish war, when a misunderstanding arose between him and Yegorov, which led to disappointing results. In 1937 he was shot, but then rehabilitated in 1957.

We can see the date of his birth on the stamp, this is 1893. However, Nicholas 2 became emperor in 1934, so this statement is unreliable.

Tukhachevsky had little to do with the First World War, and the events presented on the map are obviously the results of his activities, which absolutely cannot be identical.

He simply could not be a participant in the Second World War, because he died a few years before it began.

Obviously, the last statement presented is correct.

The second version of the task (collection of Artasov)

In this image, we see one of the most famous churches - the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl. This architectural monument is very common, and therefore should be recognizable for everyone who plans to pass the exam well.

So, this church was built in 1165, which is already the 12th century, and not the tenth, which means the first judgment is unfair.

This is a cross-domed temple, made in the old Russian style. And the Naryshkin baroque style appeared only at the end of the 17th - beginning of the 18th century.

The church was built near the residence of Andrei Bogolyubsky and belongs to the Vladimir-Suzdal architecture, as evidenced by its external decoration.

The third version of the assignment (Artasov's collection)


  1. The painting depicts representatives of the royal dynasty.
  2. The author of the painting was a member of the Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions.
  3. This picture is the only appeal of its author to the topic of the history of Russia.
  4. The action of the picture takes place in the 17th century.
  5. The author of the picture is V. I. Surikov.

Before us is a very famous painting by I.E. Repin “Ivan the Terrible and his son Ivan”. A lot of controversy exists to this day about the historical overtones of this canvas. Whether Ivan the Terrible killed his son is hard for us, the townsfolk, to say. Let's leave it to the experts and deal with our task.

The painting undoubtedly depicts representatives of the royal Rurik dynasty - Ivan Vasilyevich VI the Terrible and his son Ivan Ivanovich.

The author of the painting, Ilya Efimovich Repin, really was in the organization of the Wanderers and took a rather active part in their activities.
We immediately found two necessary assertions. Let's check the rest to be completely sure.

This picture is not the only painting by Repin on historical themes. An example of this is the painting "Cossacks", "Return from the war", "Arrest of the propagandist" and others.

The action of this picture takes place in the 16th century, according to the reign of Ivan the Terrible. Well, the author of the picture, as we have already found out, is not Surikov, but Repin.

The fourth version of the assignment (Artasov's collection)

  1. This coin was issued during the existence of the USSR
  2. The event to which the coin is dedicated is associated with the name of Prince Vladimir the Holy.
  3. This image shows the symbol of royal power in Russia.
  4. One of the authors of the monument depicted on the coin is Opekushin.
  5. The monument depicted on the coin is located in Novgorod.



 We have a rather difficult situation before us. In addition to the fact that we are presented with a coin, it also depicts a cultural monument, which is most likely to be discussed.

The coin is dedicated to the 1150th anniversary of the birth of Russian statehood. Having carried out simple analytical calculations, we understand that the coin was issued in 2012, when 1150 years have passed since Rurik was called to Russia, i.e. since 862.

Based on this, we can already be sure that the first statement is not true, because 2012 has nothing to do with the USSR.

With the name of Prince Vladimir the Holy, we cannot connect anything from what is shown in the image, therefore the second statement also does not suit us.

The image really shows the symbols of royal power - this is a scepter and orb, which means the third statement is really true.

The coin depicts the Millennium of Russia monument, which is located in Novgorod. The author of this monument was the sculptors Mikhail Mikeshin, Ivan Shroeder and the architect Viktor Hartman.

Preparation for the OGE and the Unified State Examination

Secondary general education

Line UMK I. L. Andreev, O. V. Volobuev. History (6-10)

General history

Russian history

USE in history: we analyze tasks with a teacher

Sergey Agafonov, co-author , methodologist of the corporation "Russian Textbook" *,teacher of the highest category:“In my opinion, half of the success (if not more) in the exam in history and social studies depends on the number of thoroughly analyzed typical tasks. It is the disassembled tasks, and not just the completed ones. At the same time, it is important to inscribe events, processes, phenomena of national history in the context of universal history, establishing links between various social phenomena and processes.

Evgeny Mikhailovich Polushin, teacher of history and social studies of the 1st category, 5 years of experience as a teacher, graduate of the Faculty of History of Moscow State Pedagogical University. IN AND. Lenina, Ph.D.:“The unified state exam in history consists of 25 tasks. The answers to tasks 1-19 are a sequence of numbers or words, tasks 20-25 require detailed answers. Let's take a look at these tasks. The seeming simplicity of the first 19 tasks is offset by the lack of answer options, so solid knowledge is required, and you can’t count on luck.”

1. In the first task, it is supposed to arrange in chronological order the events related to national and world history:

1) Convocation of the first Zemsky Sobor

2) Proclamation of Charlemagne as Emperor

3) Accession of Crimea to the Russian Empire

Here it would be good to know the dates firmly: 1) - 1549; 2) - 800; 3) - 1783 and the problem is solved, but such bright events in history are well remembered at least in chronological order.

2. In the second task, you need to establish a correspondence between events and years. And again, you need to know the dates, at least imagine - about the era of the reign of which political figure in question. The events of our history are often correlated with the rulers of the country, why not use this in the exam? The task is complicated by the fact that there are more dates than events, that is, the exclusion method will not work here.

The date of the baptism of Russia is firmly known to any student who takes the Unified State Exam in history - 988. The decree "on free cultivators" is also a textbook - 1803, the abolition of parochialism is clearly associated with the 17th century - 1682, and the 19th conference of the CPSU is Gorbachev, hence 1988.

3. The third task involves the exclusion of two abbreviations that are not related to the period 1945-1953:

1) CPSU; 2) NATO; 3) CMEA; 4) CIS; 5) SNK; 6) UN.

In this case, we will need to know that the SNK (Council of People's Commissars) is the first Soviet government. Its existence belongs to an earlier period, and the CIS (commonwealth of independent states) is currently heard, which also does not correspond to the specified period.

4. Write the term in question:

The highest state position in the Novgorod Republic in the XII-XV centuries. he was elected at the veche for one or two years and supervised the activities of all officials, together with the prince he was in charge of administration and court issues, commanded the army, led the veche meeting and the boyar council.

According to the first words, "The highest state position in the Novgorod Republic ..." it is clear that we are talking about a posadnik. In addition to the posadnik, a thousand man was elected in Novgorod, and he led the city militia as an assistant posadnik. The archbishop was the head of the church, and the prince had only military functions.

5. Establish a correspondence between events and facts:

A couple of World War I - Brusilovsky breakthrough is obvious. The Battle of Austerlitz and the Anti-French Coalitions too. Prince Igor and his famous unsuccessful campaign against the Polovtsy at school are studied, in addition to history, also in the lessons of music and literature. The battle of Klushino is an unsuccessful attempt by Vasily Shuisky to stop the Polish army, after which he was overthrown by the Seven Boyars, and the Poles occupied Moscow.

6. Establish a correspondence between fragments of historical sources and their brief characteristics: for each fragment indicated by a letter, select two corresponding characteristics indicated by numbers:

FRAGMENTS OF SOURCES

BUT)“We grant this nominal decree with our royal and fatherly mercy to all who were previously in the peasantry and in the citizenship of the landlords, to be loyal slaves to our own crown, and we reward with an ancient cross and prayer, heads and beards, liberty and freedom and forever Cossacks, without requiring recruitment collections, per capita and other monetary taxes, possession of lands, forest, hayfields and fishing, and salt lakes without purchase and without dues, and we free all the judges who were previously committed from the villains of the nobles and city bribe-takers to the peasants and all the people - imposed taxes and burdens.

B)“If any of the landowners wishes to release their acquired or ancestral peasants one by one or as a whole village to freedom and at the same time approve a piece of land or a whole dacha for them, then having made conditions with them that are recognized by mutual agreement as the best, he has to present them at the request his through the provincial noble leader to the Minister of the Interior for consideration and presentation to us; and if a decision follows from us according to his desire, then these conditions will be presented in the Civil Chamber and recorded at the serf deeds with the payment of legal duties. ... Peasants and villages, released from the landowners under such conditions with land, if they do not wish to enter into other states, can remain farmers on their own lands and in themselves constitute a special state of free cultivators.

CHARACTERISTICS

1) This document was published by Alexander 11
2) The execution of this document is made dependent on the will of the landowners
3) A contemporary of the publication of this document was A.D. Menshikov
4) This document was published by Alexander 1
5) According to this document, some duties introduced by Peter 1 are abolished
6) This document was issued by the leader of the popular uprising.

REASONING

The first fragment refers to the manifestos of Emelyan Pugachev. This becomes apparent when you look at the style - it is similar to the imperial manifestos of the 18th century, as well as the content - the promise of the abolition of recruitment kits and the return of the old cross and beards. It was the recruitment kits and the poll tax that were the innovations of Peter I.

The second fragment is an excerpt from the decree "On free ploughmen" of 1803, which, as you know, allowed the landowners to release peasants with land to the will with the consent of the emperor.

Thus, the answer is: A - 5.6; B - 2.4

7. Which three of the following events occurred in the 18th century:

1) Battle of Borodino
2) Gangut naval battle
3) defense of Shipka
4) the battle of Gross-Jägersdorf
5) Sinop naval battle
6) the battle of Rymnik

Here are quite famous battles, let's remember them. The battle of Borodino is the war of 1812, the Gangut naval battle refers to the Northern War of 1700-1721, the defense of Shipka is an episode of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878, the battle of Gross-Egersdorf refers to the Seven Years' War of 1756-1763. , Sinop naval battle - Crimean War, 1853, The Battle of Rymnik took place during the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1791.

Accordingly, the 18th century includes: the Gangut naval battle, the Battle of Gross-Jegersdorf and the battle of Rymnik.

8. Fill in the gaps in these sentences using the list of missing elements below: for each sentence marked with a letter and containing a gap, choose the number of the element you want:

A) Commander of the 62nd Army, which especially distinguished itself in the Battle of Stalingrad ___
B) The complete liberation of Leningrad from the enemy blockade took place in January ___
C) September 30, 1941 began ___

Missing items:
1) defense of the Brest Fortress
2) 1943
3) 1944
4) V.I. Chuikov
5) N.F. Vatutin
6) battle for Moscow

Great Patriotic War in the course of the history of Russia in the XX century. much attention is paid, and significant battles that had a significant impact on the course of the Second World War are especially highlighted. One of them is the Battle of Stalingrad, in which the 62nd Army under the command of V.I. Chuikov.

The Leningrad blockade was lifted during one of the 10 operations of 1944, namely the Leningrad-Novgorod one, while the blockade was broken as early as 1943.

On September 30, 1941, of course, the Battle of Moscow began, that is, its defensive stage, and the counteroffensive near Moscow on December 5-6, 1941 became the first major successful offensive operation of the Red Army in the Second World War.

9. Establish a correspondence between events (processes, phenomena) and participants in these events: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position in the second column:

EVENTS (PROCESSES, PHENOMENA)
A) the development of Siberia and the Far East by Russia
B) internecine war in the Moscow principality
B) Northern War
D) economic reforms of the 1960s. in USSR

PARTICIPANTS
1) Dmitry Shemyaka
2) Ivan 111
3) E.P. Khabarov principality in the second half of the 15th century.
4) A.N. Kosygin
5) G.A. Potemkin
6) B.P. Sheremetev

The development of Siberia and the Far East by Russia is associated with the name of E.P. Khabarova. The internecine war in the Moscow principality was fought between Vasily the Dark and his brothers Vasily Kosy and Dmitry Shemyaka. B.P. Sheremetev - commander of the Northern War. A.N. Kosygin - Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR.

10. Read an excerpt from the Decree of the Presidium of the Board of the Union of Writers of the USSR and indicate the last name that was omitted three times in the text:

“The awarding ___ of the Nobel Prize, in essence, for the novel Doctor Zhivago, hastily covered up by high-flown phrases about his lyrics and prose, actually emphasizes the political side of the unscrupulous game of reactionary circles ... Considering the political and moral fall of ___, his betrayal of the Soviet people, to the cause of socialism, peace, progress, paid for by the Nobel Prize in the interests of fomenting the Cold War - the Presidium of the Board of the USSR Writers' Union, the Bureau of the Organizing Committee of the Writers' Union of the RSFSR and the Presidium of the Board of the Moscow Branch of the Writers' Union of the RSFSR deprive ___ of the title of Soviet writer, exclude him from the members of the USSR Writers' Union.

In this task, the title of the novel will tell you the name of the author. Of course, this is Pasternak.

11. Fill in the blank cells of the table using the list of missing elements below: for each gap marked with a letter, select the number of the required element:

Missing items:
1) the formation of the Holy Roman Empire
2) the first convocation of the Estates General in France
3) XIII century.
4) Battle of Kulikovo
5) XVII century.
6) the emergence of the state of the Franks
7) X c.
8) oprichnina
9) the beginning of the compilation of Russian Truth

The complexity of this task is that it is necessary to synchronize the events of domestic and foreign history, which is not easy for children.

11th century in the history of Russia is the creation of "Russian Truth".

The battle on the ice or the battle on Lake Peipsi - 1242, which means the XIII century, the baptism of Russia - 988, i.e. X century, and the formation of the Holy Roman Empire in 962 - also X century.

It turns out that in the XIV century. the Battle of Kulikovo took place (1380) and the first convocation of the Estates General in France (1302).

12. Read an excerpt from the Constitution of the USSR:

“Article 1. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is a socialist state of the whole people, expressing the will and interests of the workers, peasants and intelligentsia, the working people of all nations and nationalities of the country. Article 2. All power in the USSR belongs to the people. The people exercise state power through the Soviets of People's Deputies, which constitute the political foundation of the USSR. All other state bodies are controlled and accountable to the Councils of People's Deputies. Article 3. The organization and activities of the Soviet state are built in accordance with the principle of democratic centralism: the election of all bodies of state power from top to bottom, accountability to their people, and binding decisions of higher bodies for lower ones. Democratic centralism combines unified leadership with initiative and creative activity in the localities, with the responsibility of each state body and official for the assigned work. Article 4. The Soviet state, all its organs operate on the basis of socialist legality, ensure the protection of law and order, the interests of society, and the rights and freedoms of citizens. State and public organizations and officials are obliged to observe the Constitution of the USSR and Soviet laws. Article 5. The most important issues of state life are submitted for public discussion, as well as put to a nationwide vote (referendum). Article b. The leading and guiding force of Soviet society, the core of its political system, state and public organizations is the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The CPSU exists for the people and serves the people...”.

Using the passage and knowledge of history, select three correct judgments from the list below:

1) This Constitution of the USSR was adopted during the leadership of the USSR I.V. Stalin
2) The principle of democratic centralism implies that the decisions of higher bodies are binding on lower ones
3) Article 5 of this Constitution of the USSR during the entire history of the Soviet Union has never been implemented
4) According to this passage, there is Soviet power in the USSR
5) This Constitution of the USSR was adopted by the XXV Congress of the CPSU
6) One of the articles of the USSR Constitution presented in the excerpt was canceled before the collapse of the USSR

There are several “beacons” in this passage from the Constitution of the USSR that you need to pay attention to:

1) the mention in Art. 6 about the CPSU as the "leading and guiding force" of Soviet society. This immediately indicates that we have before us the "Brezhnev" Constitution of 1977.
2) reference to the referendum.

We need to choose the right judgments. 1) - we brush aside immediately, because led by Brezhnev. 2) - suitable, because in Art. 3 is clear enough about it. 3) - not suitable, because a referendum on the preservation of the USSR was held in 1991 4) - fits unambiguously. 5) - not good, because Party congresses did not adopt the Constitution, but only the Congresses of Soviets. 6) - suitable, because 6 art. was abolished in 1990, before the collapse of the USSR, which took place in 1991.

Review the diagram and complete tasks 13-16:



13. Name the country-opponent of Russia in the war to which the diagram is dedicated:

Tasks on the historical map often cause difficulties. In this case, a map of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905 is presented. this is clear from geographical names.

14. What is the name of the commander of the Russian troops in the battle, indicated on the diagram by the number "1":

The number "1" denotes the battle of Mukden in Manchuria. General Kuropatkin commanded the Russian troops.

15. Indicate the name of the battle, the area of ​​​​which is shaded and indicated on the diagram by the number "2":

The number "2" denotes the Tsushima naval battle.

16. What judgments related to the events indicated in the diagram are correct? Choose three sentences from the six offered. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table:

1) The city indicated on the diagram by the number "3" was not surrendered to the enemy
2) The Russian squadron in the battle, indicated on the diagram by the number "2", was commanded by Z.P. Rozhdestvensky
3) The peace treaty following the war, the events of which are indicated in the diagram, was signed in the American city of Portsmouth
4) One of the defenders of the city, indicated on the diagram by the number "3", was R.I. Kondratenko
5) As a result of the war, the events of which are indicated on the diagram, Russia lost the city of Vladivostok
6) In the battle, indicated on the diagram by the number "1", the Russian troops won.

Here again we choose the correct judgments. The number 3 denotes the fortress city of Port Arthur, it was surrendered to the enemy by General Stessel in 1904. Accordingly, 1) is not suitable. 2) - suitable, because The Russian squadron was commanded by Rozhestvensky. 3) - suitable, because the peace treaty was indeed signed in the American Portsmouth. 4) - suitable, because Kondratenko is the hero of the defense of Port Arthur. 5) - not suitable, Russia did not lose Vladivostok. 6) - does not fit, near Mukden, the Russian army, rather, was defeated, and Mukden was captured by the Japanese.

17. Establish a correspondence between cultural monuments and their brief characteristics: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position of the second column:

MONUMENTS OF CULTURE
A) "The Tale of Bygone Years"
B) Tsar Cannon
C) the painting "Boyar Morozova"
D) sculpture "Worker and Collective Farm Girl"

CHARACTERISTICS
1) a cultural monument created in the 16th century.
2) a cultural monument created in the 17th century. author - I.E. Repin
4) author - V.I. Mukhina
5) author-monk of the Kiev Caves Monastery Nestor
6) author - V.I. Surikov

The Tale of Bygone Years, according to the generally accepted version, was written by the monk Nestor. The Tsar Cannon was cast by master Chokhov in the 16th century. The painting “Boyar Morozova” was painted by V.I. Surikov. The sculpture "Worker and Collective Farm Woman" was created by V.I. Mukhina.


18. What statements about this coin are correct? Choose two sentences from the five offered:

1) This coin was issued after the Caribbean Crisis
2) The monument depicted on the coin was erected in memory of the Battle of Stalingrad
3) By the time of the collapse of the USSR, the number of ribbons on the coat of arms of the USSR depicted on the coin had decreased
4) The war, in which the coin is dedicated to the anniversary of victory, began in the first decade of June
5) The monument depicted on the coin was designed by the sculptor V.I. Mukhina.

The commemorative coin depicts the sculpture "The Motherland Calls". It was created by 1967 according to the project of the sculptor Vuchetich. Again, we choose the right judgments. 1) - right, the Caribbean crisis was in 1962. 2) - right, in memory of the Battle of Stalingrad and installed in Volgograd. Here you can stop, in the condition it was required to choose two correct judgments. 3) - not true, the number of tapes has not changed since 1956. 4) - not true, the Second World War began on June 22, and this is the third decade. 5) - not true, Vuchetich.

19. Specify the photographs showing the buildings, the construction of which was completed in the same period when this coin was issued (during the leadership of the USSR by the same statesman):


To begin with, we need to remember who led the USSR in 1967, by the time the monument “The Motherland Calls!” was opened! In Volgograd. This is L.I. Brezhnev (1964-1982). This means that the building under the number 2) is suitable - the house of the Soviets, built in the late 1970s, and 3) is the house-book on Novy Arbat, built under Brezhnev.

ASSIGNMENTS 20-25

From the Emperor's Manifesto

“Immortal Glory, Wise Monarch, Dear Sovereign, Our Grandfather, Peter the Great, Emperor of All Russia, what a burden and colossal labors he was forced to endure solely for the well-being and benefit of his fatherland, raising Russia to perfect knowledge of both military, civil and political affairs , not only the whole of Europe; but the greater part of the world is an unfaltering witness. But how to restore this it was necessary, in the first place ... to teach the noble nobility and show how great are the advantages of the enlightened powers in the prosperity of the human race against countless peoples, immersed in the depths of ignorance; therefore, at that time, extremeness insisted on the Russian nobility, showing its excellent signs of favor to them, ordered them to enter the military and civil services, and, moreover, to teach noble youth, not only various liberal sciences, but also many useful arts ...
The aforementioned establishment, although at the beginning it was somewhat coercive, but very useful, was followed by all those who have owned the Russian Throne since the time of Peter the Great, and especially Our Dear Aunt, blessed memory, the Empress Empress Elizaveta Petrovna, imitating the deeds of Her Sovereign Parent, knowledge political affairs and various sciences has spread and multiplied ... We see with our pleasure, and every true son of his fatherland must admit that innumerable benefits followed from that, rudeness was exterminated in those who are negligent about the common good, ignorance was changed into common sense, useful knowledge and diligence in service has multiplied skillful and brave generals in military affairs, in civil and political affairs it has appointed people who are knowledgeable and fit for the job, in a word to conclude, noble thoughts have rooted in the hearts of all true Russian patriots boundless fidelity and love for us, great zeal and excellent zeal for Our service, and therefore We do not find the need and, in compulsion to service, which until now has been needed ...

1) All nobles who are in Our different services can continue it for as long as they wish ... "

20. Indicate the year in which this manifesto was published. Indicate the emperor who issued this manifesto. Specify the name of this manifest:

At the very beginning of the document, it is indicated that this is a manifesto. The text of the document refers to the release of the nobles from the compulsory service established by Peter I. Accordingly, this is the Manifesto on the Liberty of the Nobility of 1762, and its author is Peter III.

21. What, according to the author of the manifesto, is the reason that forced Peter I to oblige the nobles to serve and study? In what way does the author of the manifesto see the merit of Elizaveta Petrovna? How does the author explain the reason for the decision expressed in the last sentence of this passage?

This task can be performed based solely on the text of the document. 1) The reason was the need to have an educated nobility to serve for the benefit of the fatherland. 2) Elizaveta Petrovna “distributed and multiplied various sciences” (founded Moscow University, for example). 3) The reason is that the nobility became educated and diligent in service. And therefore, there is no need to force him to it.

22. List any three measures not mentioned in this manifesto that the author of the manifesto took during his reign:

Peter III ruled for a short time, about six months, was killed by guards conspirators who elevated Catherine II to the throne, but managed to do something. Firstly, he canceled the persecution of the Old Believers (Pugachev promised the old faith, posing as Peter III); secondly, he began the secularization of church lands, which was then continued by Catherine II; thirdly, he led Russia out of the Seven Years' War by entering into an alliance with Prussia, which, in many ways, brought the wrath of the guards on him.

23. In 1990, a program was developed for the transition of the USSR to a market economy, which was called "500 days". Specify any two directions of reforming the economy that were envisaged to be carried out as part of the implementation of this program. Specify the reason for the rejection of this program by the President of the USSR:

The 500 Days program assumed a transition to a market economy, for which it was necessary: ​​1) to privatize state property and 2) to abolish centralized management of the economy, i.e. planning. Gorbachev rejected this program for fear of social unrest.

24. There are debatable problems in historical science, on which different, often contradictory points of view are expressed. Below is one of the controversial points of view that exist in historical science:

"The political activity of Prince Svyatoslav Igorevich was successful"

Using historical knowledge, give two arguments that can support this point of view, and two arguments that can refute it. When presenting arguments, be sure to use historical facts.

REASONING

Arguments to support:

1) Svyatoslav defeated the neighbor of Kievan Rus - the Khazar Khaganate, to which the Slavs once even paid tribute.

2) He appointed the rulers of individual lands not the leaders of tribal unions, as it was before, but his sons, which reduced the risk of separatism.

Arguments in rebuttal:

1) Svyatoslav spent a lot of time on campaigns, leaving Kyiv without cover for the squad, which the Pechenegs used more than once.

2) Svyatoslav was defeated by the Byzantine army, having concluded a peace that was not particularly beneficial for Russia, and was killed by the Pechenegs, returning home from this campaign.

25. You need to write a historical essay about one of the periods in the history of Russia:

1) 912-945; 2) December 1812 - December 1825; 3) March 1921 - October 1928. The essay must:

Evgeny Mikhailovich Polushin, history teacher:“I decided to take the period from December 1812 to December 1825. This is the time from the expulsion of the French from Russian territory during the Patriotic War of 1812 to the Decembrist uprising. In this eventful historical period, in my opinion, two stand out in particular - the creation of the Holy Alliance in 1815 and the uprising of the Decembrists in 1825.

The initiator of the creation of the Holy Alliance was the Russian Emperor Alexander I, who from his youth dreamed of an international arbitration court, necessary to prevent military conflicts. The Holy Alliance was formed after the Napoleonic Wars in order to preserve the European order that was established after the victory of the anti-French coalition over Napoleonic France and the prevention of revolutions.

This union, originally founded by Russia, Prussia and Austria, gradually included almost all European monarchs. But the existence of the Holy Alliance did not bring the fruits that Alexander I had hoped for. Russia, faithful to the ideals of the Holy Alliance, suppressed the Polish uprising of 1830-1831. and even sent Russian troops to suppress the revolution in Austria-Hungary. Such activity of Russia frightened some European countries and made it possible to suspect our country of expansion plans, for example, in the Balkans, which later affected during the Crimean War, in which Russia had no allies. The lack of allies and international isolation were important reasons for Russia's humiliating defeat in this war.

N. Muravyov is one of the founders of the Northern Society of Decembrists and the author of the "Constitution" - the program of this society. Secret societies arose among Russian officers after the foreign campaign of the Russian army. In Europe, they got acquainted with the way of life and methods of government, which were very different from Russian realities. The absence of serfdom, the relative economic well-being of the peasants, the officers dreamed of realizing in Russia. On the way to this, in their opinion, stood the autocratic power, firmly guarding serfdom and administrative arbitrariness. Although until the end of the 1810s, its young officers hoped for the goodwill of the emperor and dreamed of helping the authorities in reforming the country. Convinced that Alexander lost interest in reforms, the conspirators headed for an armed uprising. The northern society, created by N. Muravyov, represented the moderate wing of the conspirators, who assumed the preservation of the monarchy, provided that it became constitutional. The uprising of the Decembrists, as they were later called, took place on December 14, 1825 and was brutally suppressed by troops loyal to the government. The Decembrists had a huge impact on the further history of our country, stirring up the thinking part of society, becoming an example of disinterested service to the idea of ​​​​the country's well-being. Although there is another opinion formulated by P. Chaadaev. He did not approve of the Decembrist uprisings. He considered it senseless and even harmful, frightened and embittered the authorities, and made liberal reforms impossible in the foreseeable future. In many ways, he was right."

*Since May 2017, the DROFA-VENTANA joint publishing group has been part of the Russian Textbook Corporation. The corporation also included the Astrel publishing house and the LECTA digital educational platform. Alexander Brychkin, a graduate of the Financial Academy under the Government of the Russian Federation, candidate of economic sciences, head of innovative projects of the DROFA publishing house in the field of digital education (electronic forms of textbooks, Russian Electronic School, LECTA digital educational platform) has been appointed General Director. Prior to joining the DROFA publishing house, he held the position of Vice President for Strategic Development and Investments of the EKSMO-AST publishing holding.

Today, the Russian Textbook Publishing Corporation has the largest portfolio of textbooks included in the Federal List - 485 titles (approximately 40%, excluding textbooks for correctional schools). The corporation's publishing houses own the sets of textbooks in physics, drawing, biology, chemistry, technology, geography, astronomy, most in demand by Russian schools - areas of knowledge that are needed to develop the country's production potential. The corporation's portfolio includes textbooks and teaching aids for elementary schools awarded the President's Prize in Education. These are textbooks and manuals on subject areas that are necessary for the development of the scientific, technical and industrial potential of Russia.

How to solve 18 USE in history

How to solve 18 USE in history

How to solve task 18 of the exam in history? If someone has a question why I don’t analyze tasks with a historical map (tasks 13 - 16), then I answer that the principles of working with a map are discussed in the article. Come and see!

So task 18 in history USE test, in accordance with, is estimated by only one point. Meanwhile, these tasks are not at all simple or seem so to applicants. This task is aimed at testing the ability of graduates to navigate the culture of the period, determine events and authorship. At the end of the article I will tell you a mega-secret, so read the statue to the end.

The FIPI report for the last year states that the textbooks contain sufficient illustrative material to get acquainted with the illustrations. However, such a remark is more true for task 19 than for task 18 of the USE in history. Assignments 19 we will analyze the task one of these days, so!

So, how to solve such tasks of the 18th USE in history? Here is an example of such a task:

To do such a task of the 18th USE in history, taken by the way from a real USE test, you do not have to be Sherlock Holmes. The names of the characters are clearly visible in the image. You really need to know Chkalov somehow?! In our city there is, for example, Chkalov Street. If you have a drop of curiosity, you can make inquiries, why is the street called that? :))) I'm sure if you do this using the example of your city, then you will be much better oriented in history.

Therefore, the first recommendation for completing task 18 of the Unified State Examination in history: look carefully at the picture and determine who you know, what it depicts is what you know, and try to immediately determine the approximate chronological (temporal) frame of the event!

So, we are talking about a grandiose flight in the image. Therefore, answer 1 is not correct: 2000 kilometers is not a distance for such an awesome flight! The flight distance was more than 9 thousand kilometers!

The answer under the second digit is also not an option - which navy, if Chkalov was a pilot? This is where my second recommendation for assignment 18 in history comes from - turn on your logic or just your brains! Ask yourself tricky questions, and give them a logical answer.

The following options are correct:

3 - the event to which the stamp is dedicated took place in the 30s,

1- During the flight to which the stamp is dedicated, its participants covered more than 2 thousand kilometers (the answer has been corrected due to the attentiveness of site users)

Answer number 4 is also not correct, since Chkalov died in 1938, and not from Stalinist repressions, as you probably thought, but during the testing of a new aircraft. However, without knowing this, one can logically think that since the stamp depicts the North Pole, it means that the flight was connected with it, and how can one fly 9,000 kilometers so that the plane does not run out of fuel - the answer is no way - it means that in any case they slowed down at the North pole.

Let's do one more assignment for the 18th exam in history, using my three recommendations:

We determine the period: on the one hand, the image is dedicated to the memorable date of the formation of the USSR. We answer the question, including the logic:

The answer under the number 1 is incorrect, since the picture actually shows the flags of the republics that were part of the USSR. BUT in 1922 only 4 of them entered!

The answer under the number 2 is also incorrect - since the coat of arms changed, if only because the number of republics that were part of the USSR changed.

The correct answer is number 3 - Lenin was the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, in our opinion this is the chairman of the cabinet of ministers - that is, the chairman of the Government!

The answer under the number 4 is incorrect - you should know the plans for creating the USSR!

The correct answer is number 5 - Lenin really died in 1924.

Without knowing the answer under the number 4 is correct or not, you can determine the correct answers by reading the answer five. Knowing that Lenin died “somewhere in the middle of the 20s”, one can estimate the correct answer. This is far from the only way of reasoning to the correct answers.

It turns out that the correct answers are: 3 and 5.

To choose them, we used the knowledge of only two facts: the formation of the USSR (1922) and the death of Lenin in 1924, and logic, of course. So it is necessary to complete the tasks of the 18th exam in history. And at the end of the post, as always, sweet. Task 18 may not include cultural images. But there may be some kind of military caricature or postage stamps. In this regard, I highly recommend that you look at these posts: and.

As always, at the end of the post, I suggest you solve a few more similar tasks, and do not forget!

Sincerely, Andrey Puchkov