The role of the travel writing genre in displaying national characters. How to write travel notes? A short note in the newspaper about the trip

For a week now we have been living in New Pomorie, a district of the old town of Bulgaria rebuilt in a modernist manner. Everything a tourist needs is at hand - the sea, hotels and simple taverns. But spend more than five days and six nights here and you will begin to pace around your apartment like a tiger in a cage. The city we had studied up and down could no longer satisfy our growing boredom and desperate thirst for change. The question of the “cultural” component of our vacation became acute.

The Bulgarian villages and bird farm described in the booklet of the only local travel agency were depressing just by their name. I wanted something more, worthwhile.

Soon, from “local” compatriots, we learned about the Rila Monastery, the only holy monastery in Bulgaria that provides overnight accommodation for its visitors. Tourists who stayed within the walls of the shrine for only one night managed to survive either an existential crisis or providence. Many talked about John of Rila, who appeared to them in a dream, the first hermit monk, whose disciples built the monastery. Then we were not yet ready to experience everything that the pioneers described to us, but we certainly could not imagine a five-hour trip to Sofia - a test not for mountain tourists exhausted by the heat and despondency.

The monastery is located in the valley of the Rila River, on the western slope of the Rila mountain range. The shrine is surrounded on all sides by centuries-old trees and mountain river beds. The last seventeen kilometers of the path stretched in a narrow serpentine from the foot to the top of the mountain. The complex of structures, which seemed immense from below, at an altitude of one thousand one hundred and forty-seven kilometers above the sea, impressed with its truly grand scale. The monastery not only towered above the surrounding slopes, but it itself seemed to be carved out of rock. We took our first breath of the southern mountain air: cool and sweet, and set off along the cozy narrow paths.

The Rila Monastery has been the cultural center of Bulgaria for almost its entire existence. It was here that the culture of the Bulgarian people, fleeing the oppression of the Turkish yoke, found refuge: children in the monastery were taught the Bulgarian language, local customs and legends were preserved. But the nature and architecture of this place speak a different language, clear and understandable to everyone to whom they open their doors.

Time flows in the monastery as quickly as the Rila water flies from the mountain rapids. The heavy, lead-colored sky sank like a dome over the shrine. The mystical night, permeated with silence, gradually began to be filled with the noise of mountain rivers and the sounds of the peaceful life of the monastery. How often do you have the opportunity to spend the night in a mountain cell and awaken from the rays of the sun beating through the window?

I didn’t want to leave the quiet, peaceful place. Moving away from the monastery, we watched the sightseeing buses and tourists swarming around in them. They had yet to experience the sublime satisfaction that this place gives. In the meantime, they can jostle in queues, argue about the cost of tickets and discuss the way back home.

This summer we went to visit our grandparents, who live very far from us. Mom and Dad prepared for this day in advance, bought tickets and gifts for relatives, and I packed my things. Since our journey would be long, my mother and I prepared food to take with us on the train. And now this day has come. Early in the morning, my mother woke us all up, and we went to have breakfast, hastily collected the last of our things, and checked our documents. Grandma Valya came to see us off, this is Dad’s mother. We took the bus and went to another city. Our journey lasted about two hours, we drove through the huge Belovezhskaya Pushcha. Along the way, I managed to see a large number of trees and flowers. We passed small villages and big cities. The road was not long.

Then at 13.00 we had a train. My parents and I went into our carriage, laid out our things, and prepared our documents, since it was an expensive trip across the border. And so we hit the road. What beautiful cities and villages we drove through, I admired the amazing nature. 12 hours later we arrived at our destination. There we were met by our aunt, my mother’s sister. She made a small tour of the city for me personally. The last time I was here I was still very young and I don’t remember anything. I saw huge monuments, theaters and parks.

After walking around the city a little and seeing all its sights, we had a bus to visit grandma at the appointed time. Another 2 hours and we are there. I've been waiting for this for so long. Expensive showed me very quickly. And now, finally, we are visiting.

Option 2

My father is a big fan of hiking. Not infrequently, waking up early in the morning, while everyone was still asleep, I watched as dad, armed with a large backpack, a fishing rod and a happy smile, left the house, quietly closing the door behind him. And then one day, from a conversation between my father and mother, I realized that the next morning he was also going to go on a mushroom hike for several days.

It was the autumn holidays and I begged my dad to take me with him, I even said that I didn’t need a gift for the New Year, I wanted so much to understand what attracted my father that he left his home with such a happy face and in a hurry to leave. The next morning I woke up before even my father, packed my small backpack, got dressed and waited in the hallway. Half an hour later, my father, in full readiness, headed towards the exit, but then I blocked his path. I wanted to start begging him to take me with him, but he put his finger to his mouth and said “shhh”, took my hand and we left the house together.

It was quiet and foggy outside. We silently walked to the train station, boarded the train and I immediately fell asleep. When the train stopped, I opened my eyes and saw that dad was already taking our backpacks off the top shelves, I jumped up and began to help him. We got off the train and immediately headed into the dense forest. I felt a little scared, the forest was so huge, something was rustling, falling and screaming everywhere, but when I saw my father’s calm face, I calmed down a little, and after he looked at me and cheerfully said: “Breathe deeply!” It became completely calm and joyful. A little later, we came to the camp, which my father’s friends had already set up. There was a large fire burning there, tents stood around it, and between them, various mushrooms were dried on stretched ropes.

We drank tea and it was the most delicious tea I had ever tasted, it was made from various herbs and completely without sugar, and after that, father and his friends took bags and guns and moved somewhere. I also got up, but my father said that I couldn’t go with them, asked me to stay in the camp and help Aunt Lena prepare dinner, so I did. I had a great time there, but without waiting for dad and his friends, I fell asleep.

In the morning I woke up to my father screaming and shaking me, I didn’t understand anything! Having woken up a little, I began to understand what he was saying and I was also seized with horror. Dad remembered that when we left home, we didn’t warn Mom that I also went with Dad. At that very moment I got dressed and completely forgot to say goodbye to everyone, I even forgot my backpack, and ran with my dad back to the train. At home, my mother, of course, began to scold us for not warning her, but she wasn’t worried about me at all, she said that from the fact that I tried so hard to persuade my dad to take me with him the day before yesterday, she guessed that I went with him. Dad and I laughed for a long time.

That's how I went on the road for the first time with my father.

Essay in the genre of travel notes, grade 9

5:00 Monday

We're leaving. Hooray! I can’t even believe that I’m able to wake up at half past five. But for the sake of a pleasant trip - with pleasure. Yesterday I still didn’t manage to go to bed early, although my mother advised me, but I needed to finish some things and pack my suitcase. I'll sleep in the car anyway!

Monday evening

We've arrived! Hurray! The journey went well. I slept almost all the time. We stopped at gas stations a couple of times. They all look alike. The coffee is not tasty... I looked out the window from the car (a couple of times my mother allowed me to ride in the “navigator”), a sad landscape, but so Russian. Our sad autumn nature. Bare branches, gray sky, drizzle. But the further we drove south, the more multi-colored leaves became on the branches - here they had not yet flown around. And the grass is green, and the sun is peeking through... We stood in traffic jams for a while, while bridges were being repaired, and got lost a little. But we arrived, phew.

It was a day to rest. The city where grandma lives is a town, rather. It comes from a factory, and the factory is no longer working well. Almost all of them are old people... All the young people have left for the “capital” of the region. The city center - one fast food restaurant, a church and a store - just big, not even a shopping center. We communicate with relatives and visit guests.

Today we went to the museum. It was interesting! It's all a bit mixed up, really. The museum was open until six, but at half past five all its workers were already standing in their jackets and looking at us disapprovingly.

Now we have reached the main city of the region. There's scope here! And sushi bars and discos. Lush buildings, lots of cars, lots of people. We walked along the streets, along the embankment. Except it’s already autumn, there’s no one in particular there, the cafes are closed. But this also has a special atmosphere.

Today, on the contrary, we spent the day in the village. We went to the river! Watching, of course, not swimming. We walked in the forest - we even picked mushrooms, and my father fished. There are so many more chrysanthemums here.

The village is large and prosperous. Many brick houses, vineyards, vegetable gardens. The people are cheerful.

On the road again. The holidays are ending soon... It's a pity, I could have walked here for another week.

We deliberately drove past cities - all along the district, but, of course, we drove through many villages. Wooden houses, not very bright, like nature.

Sunday

Here we are at home! They brought so many impressions and gifts. It’s good that we did everything at home that weekend, now we don’t even need to get ready for school tomorrow. And there we will probably write an essay on how I spent my holidays. Fine!

Several interesting essays

Composition Peter Verkhovensky image and characterization in the novel Demons by Dostoevsky
One of the most unpleasant figures in Dostoevsky’s novel “Demons” is Pyotr Stepanovich Verkhovensky. This is the son of Stepan Trofimovich, who lived with Varvara Petrovna, the mother of the main character, Nikolai Stavrogin.
Description of Ochumelov from the story Chekhov's Chameleon essay
In the story “Chameleon” Anton Chekhov described many positive and negative characters. The main character of the work is Ochumelov. Ochumelov plays a key role in the story

My name is Marat, and I am in 5th grade. If I were a school director, I would try to improve a lot.

Essay on the story White Nights by Dostoevsky, grade 9
The main character of this work is a Dreamer, and as they would say now, an introvert. He doesn't even have a name here. He doesn’t need anyone, he already feels great. He can walk around the city
Analysis of the ballad Zhukovsky Cup 5th grade
The genre orientation of the work is a free translation of Schiller’s creation with the poet’s emphasis on a specific object in the form of a cup, which is depicted in the ballad as the desired reward

However, it is clear that the genre of “travel notes” or “travelers’ diaries” did not arise today, but has a long tradition. Interest in the “other” was most pronounced in the 19th century, during the era of romanticism. Of course, there were reasons for this, because it was a time of formation of nations and the creation of collective identities that needed other cultural groups to define themselves: the identity of a group is always defined by what that group is not - in other words, by those who does not belong to this group. In the same way, one could say with confidence that this process of establishment and self-determination is based on a mythical matrix expressed in the binary opposition “we” - “they”, that is, “ours” - “alien”, and what is “ours” "almost always better, more convenient; this is order, a planned structure against the “alien”, which is amorphous, chaotic. The genre in which the picture of the “other” appears most clearly is, without a doubt, travel notes.

The reason for this is that the concept of a road encourages reflection, provokes thinking, develops thought, and forms new mental models. Anyone who travels cannot help but reflect, because this is what life consists of - change, dialogue, sometimes even with oneself. Therefore, this genre is characterized by an active authorial principle.

Travel (or travel) notes are traveler's notes that contain travel impressions, descriptions of road incidents, observations, and which claim to tell the reader new information about little-known or newly discovered countries. However, there is no unity among experts regarding a clear definition of the travel writing genre. “Journey” is a collective form that includes, as a whole, elements of various genre formations.

The traveler introduces an organizing principle into the chaos of life (a sign of which is the very choice of route), transforming it into the special cultural world of his journey. Thus, any journey is an analogue of cognitive human activity in general, if it is carried out from a certain cultural position and has a given cultural character. Travel follows essentially the same epic pattern as the course of human life: the transition from one impression to another, the appearance of new pictures and characters. But if the process of cognition as such does not require the obligatory fixation of the known and mastered reality in the form of its model, fixed in one form or another, then the world created by the traveler should naturally “materialize” and join in this capacity to the objective values of the cultural series.

The main genre idea of “travel” was understood as the idea of freedom. Therefore, “travel” was understood as a literary form that has maximum possibilities for an unrestricted choice of objects of depiction and an equally free, at the author’s will, transition from one such object to another. The idea of freedom permeates all levels of the artistic structure of the “journey” and is enshrined in its constructive basis as the principle of free, plotless storytelling.

Travel writing is one of the most vibrant, lively, interesting, but at the same time the most labor-intensive genres of journalism. Let us emphasize once again that the travelogue is perhaps the oldest form of literature. And this is not surprising, since it was this genre that answered “the eternal desire of man to penetrate with his gaze beyond the limits of what is visible to the eye - to expand the horizon, to multiply the experience available to an individual in his short life.”

In Rus', “notes of experienced people” were also given great importance. In this regard, in literary criticism it is even customary to distinguish between the genre of ancient Russian “walks”. However, it is not in the “walks” of Afanasy Nikitin that one should look for the origins of the travelogue, which became so popular in the 18th century. The Western literary tradition made a significantly greater contribution to the development of the essay genre. The origins of the essay genre are the works of Swift, Smollett and Stern.

We can name several more striking examples of travel writing in world literature.

In 1826-1831, Heinrich Heine painted Travel Pictures. This is a sequence of thematically related artistic essays. The author places himself in the foreground of the work, but the role of an inquisitive, energetic observer suits him very well. Heine's journey through the Harz Mountains forms the basis of the plot. It is noteworthy that the poet not only describes what he saw, but also expresses critical thoughts regarding the social, political and cultural life of his native Germany.

The travel essays “Impressions and Pictures” by Federico Garcia Lorca, which were published in 1918, may also be extremely interesting for the inquisitive reader. Lorca's emotionality and naturalness are combined here with his deep simplicity.

The origin of travel writing in Russia was also due to the urgent need to acquaint the general Russian public with foreign life. In principle, this was the problem that N.M. successfully solved. Karamzin in “Letters of a Russian Traveler,” which can be placed at the origins of the Russian travel essay.

The travelogue has come a long way in its formation and development. At the same time, it has revealed itself as a flexible genre, able to quickly adapt to changing external conditions.

After all, a travelogue is one of the most open forms of expression for a publicist-artist. The author enters into direct communication with the reader, freely presenting the material. He can combine elements of history, statistics, natural sciences, express views on certain political issues, talk about personal adventures, feelings and thoughts, and encounters with people he meets. The publicist can at any time stop the natural flow of the narrative directly related to the journey, insert any short story into the fabric of the work, use a lyrical digression, etc.

The revolution of 1917 was a deep shock for travel notes. After it, values other than those that existed in the former Russia began to take first place. New thematic varieties of the genre also emerged, for example, an essay about the Soviet village, an essay about socialist construction.

The travelogue genre developed, but with the collapse of the Soviet Union it lost popularity. Experts see the main reason for the crisis of the genre in the temporary abandonment of journalism as a method of journalistic creativity. Journalism, which replaced the Soviet party press, shifted priorities, focusing on information genres. Travel notes did not find a worthy place on the newspaper page.

However, with all this, we cannot claim that the travelogue is a relic. Today, more and more often, journalists are beginning to turn to this complex and labor-intensive genre. Modern Russian society is in dire need of analytics. And the travelogue, raising acute pressing problems of our time, provides him with this analysis, but framed in a vivid artistic form.

Considering travel writing in the context of modern culture, we propose to move away from the traditional formulations of the genre, which can be found in almost any textbook on journalism. In this regard, the remark of V.Ya. is correct. Kantorovich: “definitions - formulas listing the characteristics of genres, as a rule, are ahistorical, because they pretend to be valid in all eras. In this way, they are similar to the recipes according to which works of art are supposedly created. But there are no such recipes and cannot be, if only because in art they are constantly looking for and creating new forms; the former, already due to repetition, are passively perceived by human consciousness and are not able to reveal new content of life. But there is no work of art if it only repeats what has been passed and does not add a single new feature, no new image, or character to the picture of reality we have realized, if it does not raise problems that concern modern society.”

Note that only in the Soviet period of Russian history were there clear boundaries between the genres of newspaper and magazine periodicals. Now these lines are gradually being erased. As for travel notes, they have never been distinguished by their stability of form. In this regard, its division into separate varieties (travel, problem, portrait) has always seemed quite conventional.

At all times, the author of a travelogue had to show himself to be an extraordinary researcher. At the same time, “many writers choose for an essay a relaxed form of recording direct impressions, thoughts and associations born of a meeting with a particular reality. However, they subordinate their narrative to a single internal theme, a single image, clearly expressing their interested attitude towards what is being described and giving it their assessment.”

The quality of a travelogue, as before, continues to largely depend on the language in which it is written. “Simple, precise, figurative language makes it possible to make even a complex problem posed in an essay more intelligible and understandable for the widest range of readers. And vice versa, the most striking facts and phenomena become uninteresting, and the simplest thoughts incomprehensible, if you write about them in a confusing, illiterate manner.”

The work on the travel note itself consists of two stages. At the first stage, the journalist collects, checks and comprehends factual material. The second stage is the creative process itself, which is always purely individual and unique each time.

The first stage is the most responsible. The essayist records diverse factual material, from which he has to select only the most visible and vivid, from his point of view, facts. At the same time, a journalist should not give up on the little things that the skillful hand of a master can turn into vivid artistic details that illustrate the essence of the phenomenon being described.

The travelogue “represents an artistic and journalistic model of the real world. Moreover, the surrounding reality should not just be recorded in it, but depicted visibly, in images. The essayist, adhering to the factual basis, models with his imagination a picture of a “slice of life.” This is precisely the value of travel writing as a genre.

Summer is vacation time. No, not like that. Summer is the time to travel. Finally, you can see what is there, beyond the horizon. Minimum clothes, maximum impressions. And I really want this not to end.

Summer will end. There will be memories that will warm you up on long winter evenings and provide a topic for conversation with friends. And that's what I thought. Looking at photographs is one thing. Human memory is not perfect. Very quickly you will forget that mood, those people, good and bad, you met along the way. We need to do something about this. Do not spill the memories of a unique summer, save it for yourself, for your children, for your loved ones. The only way out is to write travel notes.

How to do this? It’s one thing to say “I’ll write.” It's another thing to force yourself to sit down and write. When you are about to write, there are so many thoughts. If you sit down, a universal emptiness envelops the consciousness, subconscious and other parts of the brain. We will act according to plan.

First plan: technical side.[ more]
1. Write down everything that happened at the same time every day. For example, at 21.00. It failed, then in the morning at 9.00. This will become a habit and it will become easier to sit yourself down at the table.
2. Prepare supplies and workspace so that the search for all this does not interrupt the creative process.
3. It's good to have a laptop. If not, you need a notebook. Yes, thicker. The place where you write should also be organized. You can add plan items.
4. Let's not forget the camera!

Second plan: direct travel writing. Here we act according to this plan. We start with the designation of date, time, place. Next, we begin to describe the place we are in, our fellow travelers, and events.

Describing the place is probably the easiest way. What I see is what I write. Let’s not forget the most important thing: to evaluate what we see, to describe our mood while admiring the area and the statements of others, if any.

It's a little more difficult with people. A person has not only an external, but also an internal. From the outside, everything is clear: name, approximate, by eye, age, marital status (if possible), what he does, appearance, demeanor, gestures, smile, features. The inner can be expressed by your conversations with him. Here you can not accurately reproduce what was said down to every word, but simply convey the essence of the conversation in a few words that reflect the views of the interlocutor. Again, let’s not forget the main thing: evaluate a person, you can listen to what others have to say about him, but we won’t stoop to discussing behind his back.

Describing the events of our journey, we will use works of art, or rather their plot structure. After all, how do writers write? According to plan. And in this regard there are only 4 points.
1. The beginning. We answer the question: how did the event begin?
2. Development of action. You directly describe what actions took place, who did what, said, thought.
3. Climax. This is the most intense moment of action, when everything is on the verge of life and death, pros and cons, good and evil.
4. Denouement. How did the event end? What lesson did you learn from it? How has it changed your life and those around you?

While traveling, we can become not only the heroes of an incident, but also its observers and witnesses. This is also a good idea to write down. After all, a wise person learns from the mistakes of others.

Don’t forget that people love to read, firstly, the memoirs of famous people (and now ordinary people), and secondly, the notes of travelers. Who knows, maybe you will write notes about your journey not only for yourself? Unleash your talents!

Travel notes are one of the varieties of travel essays - a genre of artistic journalism. This

sketches made during a trip or immediately upon returning home based on fresh impressions. In them, the author talks about everything that attracted his attention during the trip, what struck his imagination, everything new, unusual, interesting, everything that was remembered and broadened his horizons, enriched him with knowledge and ideas about the world around him. Descriptions of nature, terrain, attractions of cities and villages; stories about the people he met along the way, about local customs - everything that seemed worthy of attention makes up the content of travel notes.

Travel notes are always subjective: they reveal the author himself and contain his assessment of what he saw - positive or negative. They are always emotionally charged.

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The leading type of speech in travel writing is usually narration, which reflects the change

the author’s relationship in time and space; the text is dominated by various descriptive fragments, “photographing” the area, natural objects, people, animals; reasoning with justification for the assessment or reasoning-explanation is also possible.

©> 187. Read the text.

RIVER AND LIFE

Autumn is the time to sum up the results of hikes and expeditions. We also had an expedition in August: we crossed the Voronezh River in boats.

“It’s still good...” Savely Vasilyevich, a resident of the village of Kuzminki, said about the river while talking with us.

Our first camp is near Dalniy. We woke up to a milky fog over the water. Two shepherds, one from a boat, the other from the shore, are catching a roach; A heron stands a little to the side in the water, watching over the frogs. Roosters are crowing in the village. An old woman leads a calf to the shore. And above the tents there is an air battle: a falcon waylaid a swallow, but did not shoot it down the first time, repeats the attacks - soars up and falls down...

Up from Dalny, the river seemed to us like a heavenly place, untouched, untouched by man. Dragonflies hung above the water, above the water lilies. Kingfisher fishermen swept over the smooth surface of the reaches like emerald shuttles. The oak forest surrounded the river like a dense and scary wall.

The right high bank is almost everywhere covered with oak trees. This is the same expensive ship timber that Tsar Peter looked at when choosing a place for the first Russian shipyard.

Coming out of the forest, the river becomes thin everywhere. Vast, deep and bottomless reaches, it seems, suddenly turn into a narrow and shallow stream winding through the meadows. The river is good here too. Reeds, sedges, cattails frame the whimsical ribbon of water with their eyelashes. Here you see: the river is inhabited. Heaps of hay on the shore. Broad crossing. Cows. Geese. Boys with fishing rods. On the hillocks there are chains of squat huts.

In these places you especially feel the life-giving need of water on earth. You see how all living things strengthen near the water. The river, winding, gave its grace to houses scattered across the plain, groves, watering holes, goose ponds, wet meadows, and blue cabbages in the floodplain. Rejoicing at these twists and turns of the water, we remembered the zealous lovers of “straightening rivers.” Almost always, straightening a river means robbing the land... The left bank, as a rule, is low. Black alder, aspen, willows, bird cherry trees grow here, and pine trees grow on the sandy, dry hills.

Somewhere after Ramoni you feel the swelling of the river. The flow becomes barely noticeable and then disappears completely. The water is covered with duckweed, like in an old lake. Near the village of Chertovitskoye the river leaves its usual banks, the river no longer exists - a flood of water similar to a flood. Seagulls are flying. Tufts of grass indicate shallow waters. The fairway is marked for boats. This place is no longer called a river. This is the “sea” formed by the dam. Whether these “seas” are considered a blessing is a controversial matter. One thing is certain: it was inevitable. The emaciated river could no longer provide water to the huge industrial Voronezh.

Villages on the river... Almost all of them are located on the hillocks of the right bank. The villages here began as guard posts. The border of the Russian state with the “wild steppe” passed along the river. From the spring, “as soon as the young grass could feed the Tatar horses,” raids were expected. Watchmen were on duty on the towers day and night. The neighing of horses, the clatter of hooves, the lights of fires - and the alarm was raised. There was always a saddled horse next to the tower. And if the danger was especially great, the entire “guard line” was quickly notified - the observer fired an arrow with burning tow into a barrel of resin, which also stood on the tower. Now the neighboring post was setting fire to its barrel, followed by another... This is how the fire “telegraph” worked. Bells rang and cannons fired. People from the fields and forests hurried to take refuge in the towns -

fortresses, and the army came out in time to meet the raiders.

The tower in Vertyachiye surprisingly resembled an ancient guard post. Made from oak trunks, squat, strong, it stood on the highest point of the hillock. We went up to the tower and asked the man sitting on it if we could climb on.

The land from this tower opened up for many kilometers. The river below, and then the forest, sparkles of lakes, clearings, plain meadows, again a blurry blue forest. And again the river...

(V. Peskov, V. Dezhkin)

Prepare an analysis of the text in the form of a coherent, reasoned statement such as a reasoning. Answer the following questions in it.

Plan for analyzing text of a specific genre

1. What style and genre does the text belong to?

2. Name the topic, the task facing journalists and, in connection with this, the main idea of the statement.

3. Indicate how many microtopics there are in the text. Which?

4. Make a plan for the text.

5. What typical fragments are used in the text?

6. What is the textual function of each fragment?

7. What type of speech, perhaps not clearly expressed, unites all the fragments into a single text?

8. Consider how paragraphs are built (using 1-2 examples). Find in them the beginning (thematic phrase), the middle part (development of the micro-theme), and the ending.

9. Find out how paragraphs are connected to each other: using words indicating time (the question when?), or using words indicating space (where? where?). In other words, find out how the text unfolds: in time or in space.

2. Determine the type of speech.

3. Find “given” and “new” in the sentences, underline them with a straight and wavy line, and say how they are expressed.

4. What syntactic means create figurative speech? Indicate comparisons, words with figurative meaning; Tell us about the peculiarities of word order in this fragment.

5. Indicate what part of speech the highlighted words are and explain their spelling.

Prepare a condensed oral history, including only narrative information (where the travelers went and what they did there).

Compare the resulting shortened version of travel notes with the full text and talk about the function of reasoning, descriptive and evaluative fragments in this genre. Does an utterance achieve its purpose if it is accomplished only through storytelling?

It all started in early spring, in April, and maybe even in March. From the Izvestia newspaper we learned that the tourist ship route to the Northern Islands has resumed operation. We really wanted to visit Solovki and Kizhi. We bought tickets and began to wait for August to come.

As we expected, the trip turned out to be very interesting. Only 16 days, but the impressions are as if you’ve been traveling for a year!

Kem... The northernmost point of our route. The polar day was already at its breaking point. The sun set at 10, and in July, they say, even at one in the morning it is as bright as day. It was dry, hot, just like in Crimea. We swam in the White Sea, just like in the Black Sea.

From Kem we went to Belomorsk to see petroglyphs, “demonic footprints” - rock paintings of prehistoric man. We went on foot to the Okhta River, famous for its rapids - more than 100 rapids over 70 kilometers. Spent the night in the forest -

in tents, by the fire. Then we returned to the camp site. We walked along the Kemi River using booms (as they say here). Bona is a road-bridge made of downed rafts across the entire river, the width of which in this place (near the city of Kem) is at least two kilometers. A very strong impression, to the point of dizziness: you walk on rafts, they, of course, have no railings, they are not wide, the logs are wet, slippery, they move under your feet, “breathe,” and under them the water rushes with terrible force.

On the fifth day we went to the Solovetsky Islands. They are associated with the most intense sensations, very different in nature.

Already on the way we were caught by a force six storm. But the river motor ship "Lermontov" - the only connection with the islands - is not suitable for it. We were shaking, swaying, and flooded with water. It was bad...

Then we were treated to casemate service at the Solovetsky camp site - it is located in a former monastery, where in recent years there was a prison. To withstand the dank damp and cold of room 59, I had to pull all my woolen cash on myself at night.

The rest was wonderful: the monastery fortress, the power of its walls and towers, made of large boulders; the austere architecture of cathedrals and services (the refectory alone is worth it!); a two-kilometer dam made of the same boulders, leading directly across the sea to the neighboring island of Bolshaya Muksalma; a system of canals connecting a chain of lakes, and all around there are forests, forests, forests...

Then there was Petrozavodsk and a trip to Kizhi. It’s almost impossible to talk about the Kiyzhi, you have to see them, and not in photographs, but in person, because the strong impression they make on the spot is difficult to understand, it’s difficult to understand who is “to blame” for it more - either ancient Russian architects, or the achingly modest nature of the island.

1. Consider how the paragraphs in the main part of the travel notes are connected to each other; in what perspective the text unfolds - spatial, temporal or spatiotemporal.

2. Find in the text constructions that reveal the meaning of the names of individual local attractions. How is other explanatory information entered?

3. What figurative and expressive means of language are used in the text? Name them.

4. Write out the penultimate paragraph. Give a syntactic description of the sentence. Explain punctuation marks.

190. Continue the text of ex. 189. Try to do what the author of travel notes considers almost impossible - tell about Kizhi from photographs.

Look at the colored inserts in the textbook and tell us about the wooden architecture of Russia: describe the cathedrals, a residential building, a mill, and the unpretentious nature of our reserved North.

191. Maybe you also went somewhere this summer or during the holidays? If you still have photographs, look at them; remember what particularly struck or interested you during the trip, what new things you learned, what you may have seen for the first time.

Write an essay in the genre of travel writing. Think about the perspective in which you will unfold the text; what syntactic structures, words and expressions will help you connect paragraphs; what typical fragments will you include in the narrative framework of the text; what figurative and emotional-evaluative means of language do you use in your essay.