From what height paratroopers jump in the army. Cash reward for skydiving (landing with equipment). Airborne jumps at the stage of the appearance and development of the armed forces

The main indicator that limits the height for making a parachute jump can be called a transport aircraft.

Not a single aircraft that transports people is able to rise above the mark of 26 thousand meters. And even at this altitude, the aircraft is flying at too high a speed for a person to be able to jump out of the plane.

However, spaceships are capable of going much higher, but their movement through space is even faster, so that a parachuting paratrooper will need a heat-resistant suit to survive leaving the limits of the spacecraft.

There is the only aircraft that allows people to be transported, besides an airplane and a spacecraft, a hot air balloon. The highest mark that this air vehicle is capable of climbing is 34.668 meters. This is an absolute record, demonstrated by United States Navy officers Victor Prather and Malcolm Ross, at the moment when they moved from the Antietam to Mexico, and this was May 4, 1961. But they did not jump.

A man's parachute jump from the highest mark was made by Joseph Kittinger of the United States Air Force. He did this result from a balloon, which on August 16, 1960 rose to a height of 31 thousand 333 meters. Joseph was in freefall for four minutes and 36 seconds, reaching an average speed of 1,150 kilometers per hour. The parachute was opened at around five and a half thousand meters.

Skydiving standards for paratroopers

For a parachute jump, you can call a safe height from 400 meters to 4 kilometers.

If we talk about the maximum allowable lowest height, the paratroopers consider a height of less than fifty meters "bordering on suicide." Back in 2003, professional stuntman Harry Connery made a parachute jump from the monument to Nelson's Column (from a height of 51.5 meters), which is located in Trafalgar Square.

A large number of times paratroopers parachuted from the top of the statue of Christ the Savior, located in Rio de Janeiro, jumped from St. Paul's Cathedral, which is located in London, and the height of these monuments is slightly more than 100 meters.

A little earlier, in October of the year before last, a paratrooper jump was made from the most significant height - 135,890 feet (over 40 thousand meters), which was made by the vice head of Google Alan Eustace. He was able to beat the previous planetary record of 127,852.4 feet (38,969.4 meters) set by Australian skydiver Felix Baumgartner in 2012. In two cases, the paratroopers were dressed in a suit designed specifically for them.

In a standard setting, a parachute jump is made from a height of 4,200 meters. Above the accepted mark, the risk of oxygen starvation increases. In addition, when jumping from a height higher than the set one, a dense flow of oncoming air can reflect some problems in a skydiver.

In the lower atmospheric layers, the falling speed of a paratrooper during a long jump increases only at the moment of the first ten seconds (over the first hundred meters). The resistance of the air mass increases with increasing speed so significantly that very soon there comes a moment when the speed no longer changes. The motion changes from accelerating to uniform.

When falling through the upper, thinner atmospheric layers, a person will fly faster than the final falling speed in the lower layers, when the paratrooper meets them, and the resistance reaches its peak. Essentially, a person encounters the atmosphere. At the moment of a parachute jump in 1960, Kittinger described this force as shocking: at an altitude of 23 thousand meters, she showed 1.2 g (g is the overload value).

A fall from 75 thousand meters would have made a huge impact of 3 g at a height of 31 thousand meters, which would have lasted over 20 seconds. After that, the jump would not be anything remarkable. Marines that enter the lower atmosphere will not experience any problems from g-forces above 3 g if their bodies are positioned across the airflow to continue their time in the atmosphere, but they will be significantly hot.

Kittinger was wearing a special suit, the purpose of which was to protect him from low pressure in the stratosphere. But more difficult in such jumps is to maintain a position of stability in the process of free fall. In addition, Kittinger was equipped with a small stabilizing parachute, but he did not need it. Due to malfunctions, the parachute could not open, and the parachutist skidded into a tailspin. Kittinger was spinning very fast, about 120 revolutions per minute, the g-force level was 22 g. At the moment of such overloads, the stuntman lost consciousness. The main parachute was able to open thanks to a special automatic opening device.

One of the highest high jumps was planned to be part of Project Moose. It was considered a development by the United States of America that began in the early 1960s, and its object was a program that would allow an astronaut to skydive in low orbit of our planet directly from a spacecraft. It was expected that an astronaut with equipment would put on a parachute on his chest, and on his back - a folded plastic bag. The pressurized cylinder should spread the bag and fill it with polyurethane foam, which will create a heat shield. The astronaut leaves orbit, after which he begins to fall. Protected from heat by a screen, it waits until it reaches the lower atmospheric layers, after which the parachute opens and the screen is removed.

The work that was carried out by the General Electric organization demonstrated that the idea, although quite good at first glance, was not unworkable. A heat shield sample was created and foam samples sent to the spacecraft. However, neither NASA nor the Air Force paid much attention to this undertaking.

Skydiving is popular in the modern world. Some people are professionally involved in this sport, for others, skydiving is a way to tickle your nerves and get a dose of adrenaline. Has anyone wondered how many lines parachutes have?

What is a parachute?

The parachute is an ingenious and simple invention of an engineer from St. Petersburg Kotelnikov Gleb Evgenievich. He was the first to create a backpack device, received a patent for his invention in 1912.

A parachute is a hemisphere constructed of fabric, to which a load or suspension system is attached due to straps. It is designed to slow down and mitigate falls from a height. It is used for the safe landing of a person or cargo, has several varieties.

How many lines do parachutes have?

This is of course a very interesting question. There are several types of parachutes, all of them with a different number of lines. There is a main parachute and a spare, landing, army and cargo. Slings are basic and additional, they are all made of high quality durable fiber, can withstand a load (each) up to two hundred kilograms. To answer the question of how many lines parachutes have, you need to consider each instance separately.

army parachute

The armed forces have been using parachutes of the same series for many years. From the sixties to the present day, these are D-5 and D-6 parachutes. They differ in size, weight and number of lines.

How many lines does a D-5 army parachute have? There are twenty-eight of them, nine meters each. The parachute itself has the shape of a dome, it is not possible to control it. Land with him how and where you're lucky. This is the only, but serious minus of this series.

Following released parachute D-6. It has thirty lines. Twenty-eight are normal, and two are for dome control. They are located in the side sections of the parachute. If you pull these lines, you can turn and deploy the dome in the desired direction. This is a very useful quality if the landing does not take place at the training ground, but in mountainous conditions, forests or in a place where there are reservoirs.

paratrooper parachute

In order for the paratroopers to feel comfortable during the jump, they are provided with D-10 series parachutes. This is an improved version of the D-6. It has the shape of a squash, the size of the dome is one hundred square meters! This parachute can be easily controlled even by a novice skydiver. The ease of control depends on how many lines are in the landing parachute: the more there are, the easier it is to control.

D-10 has twenty-six main lines: twenty-two four-meter lines and two seven-meter lines attached to loops in the dome slots. There are also twenty-two additional lines located on the outside, their length is three meters, made of a durable cord ShKP-150.

There are also twenty-four additional internal lines. They are attached to additional straps. Two additional ones are attached to the second and fourteenth at once. This is the answer to the question of how many lines are in the airborne parachute. The D-10 is considered one of the safest parachutes in history.

Why do you need a reserve parachute?

The reserve parachute must be carried by the skydiver during the jump. It is designed for emergency deployment when the main one does not open or if it is twisted. In such a situation, it doesn’t matter whether the canopy is controlled or not, how many lines the parachutes have - none of the additional ones will help. Of course, an experienced skydiver will try to straighten the main skydiver first, on which he will lose additional time. If it was not possible to straighten, then the reserve parachute will save the situation. It opens quickly and easily.

To learn how to use a spare wheel, you don’t need to go through a lot of training, even a child can handle this task.

How many lines does a reserve parachute have? Usually such parachutes are the same for all major types. These are series 3 and 4. The lines in the spare are arranged in four groups. Each has six lines. We get twenty-four in total. Of course, a reserve parachute is not designed for control, its main task is to quickly open up and save a person's life.

What you need to know when skydiving for the first time?

If you're not in and skydiving is just a dream and not a military obligation, then it's worth starting out like a training course. Even if it is decided to jump with an instructor in tandem, training is necessary in order not to harm either yourself or the instructor. He is already so afraid to jump with a person, and even answer for someone's life. Such courses cost from three thousand rubles - it depends on the company providing these services.

Before you go to the club, take care of getting a medical certificate: a heart attack during a jump is a serious and dangerous thing. But it can happen, because when you jump into the abyss, so much adrenaline splashes out that it will last for a year. Yes, and the fear of jumping can also lead to sad consequences if the heart is naughty. The pressure should also be the same as when entering the space forces. If there is excess weight, then it is also worth consulting with a doctor whether it is worth jumping or not.

If you are under the age of eighteen, written permission to jump from your parents will come in handy. Do not forget to warn them what you are going to do, without their written consent, the instructor will not let you go to the parachute for a kilometer. People with mental disorders, after recent operations, with diseases of the musculoskeletal system, with respiratory diseases are not allowed to jump.

If your weight is more than one hundred and twenty kilograms, then you will be denied a tandem jump. Weight less than forty-five kilograms is a contraindication for a single jump. Pregnant women are also not allowed. First, calmly take out the child, do not hide your position from the instructor in order to make the jump.

Skydiving is the dream of many. Do not drink alcohol beforehand. It is clear that the joy rolls over, but it is better to celebrate this event after the event, especially since you will not be allowed to jump with the smell of alcohol. And if you decide to drink so that it is not scary, then it is better to refrain from this idea altogether. And good luck to everyone who passed the medical examination!

Airborne troops perform a huge range of combat missions. And the airborne jumps are one of the main trump cards used by the paratroopers. For this purpose, specially trained aircraft and helicopters are used. The Airborne Forces are equipped with a large number of modern effective weapons, special equipment, military equipment, which make it possible to cope with the tasks assigned to them with high efficiency.

The task of the airborne troops is to capture strategic industrial facilities, administrative and political centers, areas of concentration and forces of a potential enemy, capture and hold infrastructure nodes, mountain passes, crossings, communication lines; destruction of weapons of mass destruction, power plants, runways and airfields, and other key facilities; disruption of the enemy's work in the deep and near rear and coordination of his forces, disruption of the movement of enemy reserves.

One of the main tasks of the Airborne Forces is related to the implementation of operational-tactical landing in especially important areas of potential local conflicts.

The fulfillment of such a task is impossible without parachute jumps of the Airborne Forces. In the Airborne Forces, personnel are especially scrupulously trained. Therefore, the paratroopers are carefully acquainted with the theoretical foundation of parachute jumps, landing techniques, modern systems of parachute-reactive and parachute types, landing containers, platforms and systems, with the help of which the installation and landing of weapons and military equipment is carried out. Particular attention is paid to the study of current military transport aviation.

Airborne jumps at the stage of the appearance and development of the armed forces

The first jump in the Airborne Forces took place in the thirties of the last century. It was then that a new type of troops appeared in the Red Army - the Airborne Troops. The first paratroopers had to perform a completely accessible task - to land in a given area, where they were delivered by aircraft. At first, paratroopers were transported with parachutes on any aircraft in service: strategic heavy bombers TB-1 or training U-2, which were not the best solution for the young branch of the military. The choice of aircraft depended on the number of paratroopers transported.

It turned out to be more difficult to solve the issue of transporting cars, armored vehicles or guns. We decided to opt for the TB-1 bomber. To create specialized systems with which they were supposed to successfully land equipment, an design bureau was created. Among the very first types of weapons adapted for air transportation and landing should be called a 76-mm mountain gun, invented in 1909, chosen because of its suitable weight and dimensions. The crew of the gun was transported along with the gun and had the ability to parachute from an aircraft, slightly reducing the bomber's flight performance. Then the first parachute jump in the Airborne Forces took place, and since then the paratroopers have come a long way.

Airborne parachute jumps in the modern army of Russia

Fast forward to the modern life of the soldiers of the Airborne Forces. In 2012, military personnel of this type of troops, who are in military service, performed more than 11,000 parachute jumps in just one week! Including airborne jumps from Ila-76 amounted to more than four hundred. In our time, jumps during long daylight hours are performed at an intensity of two parachute jumps per minute, and even more often.

There was a message about how many jumps are made in the Airborne Forces, for example, in a unit stationed in Ivanovo. As it turned out, 2800 jumps per division. In the mountain, airborne assault unit, located in Novorossiysk, and the airborne division of Tula, paratroopers make 2000 jumps each. The cadets of the Ryazan School manage to make more than one and a half thousand jumps within one week.

Airborne jumps were more regular in the Soviet Army. Say, in the 80s, an ordinary paratrooper made about 30 airborne jumps from an Il-76 for military service. In the 90s, their number sharply decreased, but today one can again observe a gradual increase in the role of combat training of paratroopers, which means an increase in the number of airborne parachute jumps for cadets and conscripts.

Training airborne recruits in the art of landing

Many jumps are made by representatives of the young replenishment arriving in the Airborne Forces. Young soldiers have to do a lot of airborne training. They are awarded the proud title of paratroopers after they make the first parachute jumps.

In addition, in Ryazan, technicians specializing in parachute devices are constantly trained and trained. Seminars for the retraining of commanders of paratrooper units are also held there. They study the issues of landing and preparation of military equipment. During the summer period, which is characterized by favorable weather conditions, Russian paratroopers plan to perform more than 35,000 airborne parachute jumps.

It is categorically impossible to force people who do not know how to control themselves in the sky to make parachute jumps. To prevent a random fall, the D-5 and D-6 parachutes are equipped with a stabilizing exhaust dome. Due to the presence of the dome, the parachutist cannot be carried away into a random fall. To an inexperienced person, it seems that the earth is everywhere from him. The function of the stabilizing dome is that the lines do not interfere with the skydiver to go into the sky. The dome comes out first, after which the PPK-u device is activated within five seconds, opening the satchel. The knapsack is equipped with a two-cone lock, which can be opened either with a ring or with a device. The parachutist can pull the ring without waiting for the expiration of five seconds of free fall. With the help of a stabilizing parachute, the canopy is completely pulled out of the parachute bag.

Jumping Airborne Forces with IL-76

Speaking about the training of paratroopers, one cannot fail to mention the role of military transport aviation. Airborne jumps from IL-76 can be called the most effective today. The main military transport aircraft Il-76 easily copes with the following tasks:

• parachute landing of l / s units;
• parachute landing of regular military equipment and cargo;
• landing landing l / s units of the Airborne Forces;
• landing landing of military equipment and cargoes of the established dimensions;
• transportation and evacuation of the wounded to the rear.

Each of the above options provides for the use of specialized equipment.

When landing from the IL-76, they use:

• two streams into the side doors, to minimize the possibility of convergence of paratroopers in the air;
• three streams, one of which goes to the ramp, and the other two - to the side doors;
• four streams - two into the ramp and side doors (in the presence of combat conditions).

During the landing of personnel, the speed of the aircraft reaches 300 km / h. Note the tightness of the cargo compartment of the IL-76. If it is necessary to make long-distance flights at high altitude, the pressure in the aircraft cabin is equal to the pressure at an altitude of 2.5 km. Airborne jumps from the Il-76 have been considered one of the safest and most effective types of landing for many years. In emergency cases, all seats are equipped with oxygen masks, so all paratroopers have the opportunity to receive oxygen nutrition individually.

Pre-jump training in the Airborne Forces

Before you prepare a real paratrooper, you need to undergo serious combat training. Pre-jump training in the Airborne Forces is set at the most modern level. Not a single paratrooper is allowed to actually jump with a parachute without thorough special training.

IL-76 is an aircraft that fully corresponds to the tasks that are set before the paratroopers. In the cabin of the aircraft, all the nuances are provided, thanks to which the safety of skydiving is achieved. Traffic lights are installed at all exits from the aircraft. There are traffic lights on both sides of the ramp. The green light lights up with the inscription "Go", yellow - with the command "Get ready", red - with the command "Hang up". When the yellow traffic light is turned on, a short siren is turned on simultaneously, and when the green traffic light is turned on, a long roaring siren is turned on. She continues to roar until there is not a single paratrooper left on the plane.

Every paratrooper who performed parachute jumps in the Airborne Forces will never be able to forget this siren. During a long-haul flight, the engine hums smoothly and calmly, which encourages sleep, but because of the sound of a siren, nothing remains of sleep. After the command "Ready" and a short warning siren, each paratrooper jumps, waiting for the command to jump into the sky.

Photo and video of airborne jumps

Photos of airborne jumps are particularly spectacular. You can admire the parachutists flying in the sky, the second suspended deck of the Il-76MD transport, the cargo compartment of the Il-76. Due to the increased capacity, the cargo compartment of the Il-76 transport can accommodate three BMD-1s, and can parachute them by parachute or landing method.

Among the capabilities of the aircraft is the landing of four cargoes weighing 10 tons each, or two cargoes weighing 21 tons each. The IL-76MD is produced in a two-deck version and is capable of carrying up to 225 fighters, and not more than 145 fighters, as in a single-deck version.

Watching the landing of equipment from the Il-76 aircraft is always delightful. Jumping Airborne Forces video, thanks to the Internet today everyone can watch. An interesting fact is the establishment of high-altitude world records by Soviet paratroopers. These jumps of our paratroopers were made in 1975, and then in 1977. Girls jumped with parachutes from an Il-76 aircraft flying at an altitude of over fifteen thousand meters. And no one has managed to break the records set then.

A video of the Airborne Forces skydiving can convey the external impression of this unique and exciting process. And the skydivers themselves consider this the most exciting moments of their lives. Each jump is different from the previous one. Especially a lot of emotions delivers the first jump.

To jump with a parachute D-5 requires an altitude of 800 to 1000 meters. With a minimum throw height of 600 meters. The period from the moment you get off the plane to the moment when the parachute should open is 200 meters. The parachutist has to fly under the dome for about six hundred meters.

Today, instead of the parachutes of the old systems, they use the D-10 landing parachute, with a dome area of ​​​​100 square meters, improved parameters and a shape resembling a squash. The Airborne Forces also received the D-12, Listik, recognized as an excellent parachute system that has no analogues in the world.