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The largest submarine in the world - characteristics and photos. The largest submarine in the world (32 photos)

Submarines have always been different from other ships as a class. They attract the attention of researchers, directors, writers. This is due to their special purpose, the main task is covert surveillance, or an attack on the enemy. Leonardo da Vinci hatched the project and the creation of a certain vessel under water, but due to fears of a new war, he decided to destroy his drawings.

The pioneers in the creation and use of the submarine were US citizens. Horace L. Hunley is the author of this project, and later the submarine received his name. This weapon was used in the civil war on the side of the Confederation. She plunged into the water, thanks to two large water tanks, and during an emergency rise they dropped the ballast. Seven sailors rotated the propellers with a crankshaft. Observation was carried out through two small towers, and there was only one mine in service. It was the Hunley that was used in a real battle, the first ship sunk was the USS Housatonic sloop. Unfortunately, the submarine also did not survive and soon sank after the battle, but thanks to this, the whole world saw that these submarines can also be used in combat.

The world's first submarine, the Hunley

How many submarines are there in the world?

It is from this period that the construction of submarines begins, there are already about 1271 submarines.

At the moment, this branch of the armed forces is quite well developed in many countries, but the following states stand apart:

  1. Russia: This country has about 30 submarines in its reserve, and the total fleet has about 65 submarines, the country has one of the longest maritime borders, and after the collapse of the Soviet Union, a reform was carried out that gave a new branch of development.
  2. China: The eastern country is very developed and has one of the largest armies, and in 30 years their army has undergone great changes and modernization, at the moment there are 69 submarines. In order to deter the nuclear weapons of competitive countries, they have several ballistic missiles on which nuclear warheads are installed.
  3. USA: All submarines are nuclear-powered, which means that the life of the crew under water is limited only by the amount of fresh water and food. In total, the United States has 71 such ships.
  4. North Korea (DPRK): They have 78 submarines. They are diesel-electric and considered obsolete from the Soviet era, but nonetheless, North Korea showed the power of its army under water in 2010, when a submarine sank a South Korean surface ship.

Submarine applications

Most submarines have a military purpose, but in addition to this area, they are also used in peacetime, so submarines are divided into:

Military application

One of the most basic directions, which is used from the very first experience of their use. With the help of submarines perform a variety of tasks:

  • Destruction of important commercial, industrial and administrative centers, naval bases;
  • Attack of enemy ships of different classes;
  • Exposing a mine site in a covert mode;
  • Obtaining intelligence;
  • Maintaining communication, relaying;
  • The landing of sabotage and reconnaissance groups.

Peaceful application

Used by many scientists to conduct their research, not to be confused with military tasks, in this case, the physical, biological and other data necessary for scientific activities are often studied.

Transport

In some cases, it is easier to deliver a cargo, a group of people, this is how they planned in Russia to create a year-round transport connection with Norilsk.

Delivery

In some conditions, it is easier to deliver cargo under water, Germany and the United States had an underwater communication in the first world. This type of mail was longer and more expensive, but it was thanks to the submarines that the British blockade was broken. On June 7, 1995, the K-44 Ryazan ship launched a launch vehicle with equipment for scientists. It was delivered from the Barents Sea to Kamchatka, the transfer process lasted 20 minutes and was recognized as the fastest in the history of recorded delivered cargo.

Tourist and private submarines

At present, the direction of tourism under water has become popular, where everyone is able to explore the bottom of the water reservoir with their own eyes. As a rule, such objects do not stay close to the shore and sink only to a depth of one hundred meters. In Russia, similar excursion devices were also created. "Neptune" in 1992, it was operated in the Caribbean Bay, in Central America, but due to the high cost of use, after 4 years it was returned to Russia, to the city of Severodvinsk, where it stands idle. The next similar tourist ship was the Sadko, it was created in 1997 in the northern capital of Russia, it was a work on the mistakes after the Neptune and served on the island of Santa Lucia for 4 years, and then it was sent to Cyprus.

Criminal direction

The last item on the list is criminal activity. All submarines are hidden from prying eyes and also quite quiet, so it is not surprising that Pablo Escobar, as the most famous drug lord, used this type of ship to deliver his illegal cargo. The navies of many countries regularly detain submarines with drugs.

Nuclear submarines by country

With the development of progress, the fleet was improved, and after filling the arsenal of countries with nuclear weapons, nuclear submarines (NPS) were created. They use a nuclear reactor to operate, and they can also carry nuclear weapons and conventional torpedoes. Only 6 countries have nuclear submarines.

  1. USA - 71
  2. Russia - 33
  3. China - 14
  4. UK - 11
  5. France - 10
  6. India - 2

The largest ATP Shark - 172.8 meters

Among these boats, there is the largest nuclear submarine in the world, it was created in the USSR in the city of Severodvinsk and was popularly nicknamed the “Shark”, since this sea predator was painted on its nose, which on September 23, 1980 disappeared from view under the veil water. L. I. Brezhnev was at the helm of the country, and even on this occasion he made a statement that the United States possesses the Ohio submarine, but at the moment Russia also has similar weapons with the name Typhoon. S. N. Kovalev supervised the construction and design. The displacement of this giant was 23,200 water, underwater 48,000 tons, it accelerates to 25 knots under water. At a depth of 400 meters, the submarine is capable of operating, and the maximum allowable diving distance is 500 meters. The nuclear submarine can sail without land for 180 days, which is equal to half a year, during which time up to 160 people can be on the ship, 52 of which are officers. Its dimensions shocked many, NATO troops even coded this boat with the name SSBN "Typhoon". It is long - 172.8 meters, for comparison, we can give an example of a football field, the distance of which is from 100 to 110 meters, and the width of the "Shark" was 23.3 meters. The arsenal of the submarine was the following torpedo-mine armament 22, rocket-torpedoes "Waterfall" or "Shkval". Air defense - 8 Igla MANPADS.

The most dangerous submarines in the world

Also among the nuclear submarines there are the most dangerous inhabitants of the seas. Among the most terrible predators, 4 can be distinguished.

  1. Perhaps the most unpleasant meeting on the high seas can be with the Yasen submarine, which has no equal in a battle on the high seas. The depth of its immersion is 600 meters, and in its armament there are: 10 compartments for torpedoes and 8 missile compartments in which 32 cruise missiles are waiting in the wings. Their power could be seen firsthand when in 2014, being at a distance of 3,000 kilometers, Yasen attacked terrorist groups in Syria. Among the shortcomings, even high noise during movement does not appear, if a silent attack is necessary, then the submarine has slow-speed electric motors.
  2. The Borey submarine is not only one of the most powerful, but also the quietest submarine in the world. It is armed with long-range missiles, the target can be taken for 8000 kilometers, and it is almost impossible to shoot them down, since they can change their course up to 10 times. The submersion of the submarine is 480 meters, and with the help of a self-contained reactor, the submarine can hold out for 3 months.
  3. The United States also does not stand aside and America considers its Virginia submarines to be among the most powerful, at least within its submarine fleet this title cannot be taken away from it. Their power reserve and navigation autonomy are not limited, only the hunger of the crew, which has 120 people on the submarine, can become an obstacle. The Virginia replaced the Seawolf, which could dive to a depth of 600 meters. Very often, many people compare this nuclear submarine and "Ash", but if the Russian device is designed more for open combat, then the "Virginia" will be more useful in collecting intelligence. Instead of a standard periscope, retractable camera masts are installed that support excellent resolution. Also, the submarine picks up speed up to 46 kilometers per hour, and even 65 under water. There are few nuclear submarines, seven, but at the moment the state armed forces are actively implementing these ships.
  4. Other countries besides Russia and the United States are somewhat behind in the development of the submarine fleet, but also have their own persuasive arguments underwater. So the UK built "Astyut", which means "Insightful", there is only one such copy and it is inferior to its counterparts from Russia and America, but nevertheless it is considered the best on the island state and it is armed with 38 Tomahawk missiles, and its nuclear and water jet engines provide navigation autonomy up to 90 days (three months). Its underwater speed is 54 km / h, and the crew of 98 people can dive under water to a depth of 300 meters.

The fastest submarine in the world

Submarines are required to be stealthy and have a minimum noise floor, but occasionally these factors can be neglected and more emphasis placed on the vessel's speed. So in 1971, the Saratoga surface ship was sailing from the Mediterranean Sea, one of the submarines overtook it, and the command was given to leave the submarine, when the American aircraft carrier had already moved a long distance, the team discovered not only that the ship did not increase the distance, but the submarine "Anchar" and completely caught up with them.

At that time, the whole world was amazed how a ship under water could develop such a speed, which was 44 knots (82 kilometers per hour), and on the water there was acceleration to only 19 knots, the Anchar (K-222) was nicknamed the "golden fish "for its high cost of construction, according to some sources, 1% of the entire military budget of the USSR went to the ship, 2 billion rubles at the exchange rate for 1968. N. N. Isanin created this submarine, which was launched on December 21, 1968. NATO even codified the submarine "Papa" from the Russian language "Papa". After the world was amazed by the speed of the submarine, many attempts were made to break the Anchar record, but no one managed to do it. On the "Papa" fit 80 people, and he could swim without land for 70 days. Length - 106.9, and width - 11.5 meters. He dived to a maximum of 400 meters. At the moment, the submarine has been disposed of and none of the countries has produced more such devices due to the high cost of construction.

Maximum submersible depth

If you study submarines for a long time, you will notice that the maximum depth of a submarine in the world is 1027 meters. This record was set by the vessel K-278 "Komsomolets". The submarine was laid down in 1966 according to the project of the chief designer N.A. Klimov, and in 1977 Yu.N. Kormilitsin. AND I. Tomchin was the chief observer, captain of the second rank of the navy, then N.V. Shalonov replaced him in this post. The project was completed on Victory Day on May 9, 1983, it was then that Komsomolets was launched.

Its difference from many other similar ships was that its hull was made of titanium, which made it possible to lighten the ship by 35%. Its working depth was listed as 1000 meters, and autonomous navigation was 180 days. The crew size was relatively small, 60 men, 31 of which were officers. On the water, the displacement was - 5880, and under it - 8500 tons. Length and width - 110 and 12.3 meters. At the moment, K-278 is in the Norwegian Sea, or rather at its bottom, on April 7, 1989, she tragically sank due to a fire on board, only 30 sailors managed to be saved, and the remaining 16 died before the rescuers arrived.

Since the submarine was nuclear, there was a risk of environmental contamination. At first they wanted to lift the ship as a whole, but then they limited themselves to only boxes with radioactive substances. On the first expedition, a group of sailors raised all the waste by 200 meters, but then the cable broke and had to return to land, the next expedition was undertaken in 1998, but those who arrived at the scene of the tragedy only limited themselves to studying the radiation background, without starting to lift the boxes, assuring that the environment the environment is not threatened.

Maximum human immersion depth

If we are talking about the maximum immersion of a submarine, then we should understand why a submarine cannot descend to the deepest point of our planet, into the Mariana Trench, as you know, the water column puts pressure on objects, therefore, when the maximum depth of the vessel is indicated, it means how far the line can go into the water without negative consequences for the team and itself. The maximum depth is one of the most important tactical qualities of submarines, the lower it is, the more likely it is to be unnoticed by opponents, and the lower sound vibrations can be created in the water, which are detected by sonar. Sonar works on the principle of searching for objects at depth, including it is also used to search for submarines, but the less the submarine creates oscillations, the more difficult it is to detect, for this reason, sonars are improving and improving, increasing their sensitivity.

The smallest submarines

Therefore, in addition to large giants, small submarines are also popular; they are most often used when landing sabotage groups, or for collecting intelligence. During World War II, Germany used very small eyeliners, the type of which was designated as "Bieber", they were armed not impressively, two torpedoes, or mines. It contained only one person who controlled it. She developed speed under the ode up to 5.3 knots, submerged only up to 20 meters. With a length of 9.04 meters and 1.57 meters, she sailed in coastal waters, it was planned to destroy opponents with this boat, but in reality only one submarine succeeded.

Submarine Bieber

The Americans also paid attention to this segment of submarines, but unlike the Germans, they allocated only a small amount of the budget for the creation of this segment of the fleet. So the X-1 sample was only in a single copy, it was not even equipped with weapons, not counting the personal weapons of the soldiers. It accommodated 5 people along with one commander and was about 15 meters long and 2 wide. Subsequently, the X-1 was decommissioned and placed in a museum.

Also, a small miscalculation awaited the Velman eyeliner. She, like the German one, placed one person in herself. In 1943, during testing, the designers noticed their most important miscalculation, they did not add a periscope to the ship, which became a big problem.

At the moment, the development of the submarine fleet is gaining momentum, if earlier it had more weight, what specific power of your army, now there are more chances of victory for a more cunning and quiet opponent who will win the battle even before it starts. Submarines are a similar tool for espionage and undermining strategically important enemy targets. At the moment, many records have been set in this branch of the armed forces of the world. But each country strives to make the arsenal of its equipment better than that of competing states, so we should expect more and more new types of equipment in the submarine forces. After the Cold War, many believed that the arms race was fully established, but as long as we see the introduction of a new type of weapon from one of the countries in newspapers and television news reports, then you can be sure that the race is going on, albeit not as fast as before. Russia and the United States are developing very rapidly, but countries such as China, North Korea, and India should not be neglected. So Pakistan, Iran and Brazil are going to build nuclear submarines in their countries, so new achievements and peaks in diving will not be long in coming.

The construction of the Project 941 Akula heavy nuclear missile cruisers (Typhoon international classification) was a kind of response to the construction of US nuclear submarines of the "Akula" class. Ohio", armed with 24 intercontinental ballistic missiles.

In the USSR, the development of a new class submarine project began later than the Americans. The designers faced a difficult technical task - to place on board 24 missiles weighing almost 100 tons each. After many studies, it was decided to place the missiles between two strong hulls. As a result, the first submarine "Shark" was built in record time - in 5 years.

In September 1980, unusually large soviet submarine as high as a nine-story building and almost two football fields long, he touched the water for the first time. Delight, joy, fatigue - the participants of that event experienced different feelings, but they all had one thing in common - pride in a great common cause. Mooring and sea trials were carried out in record time. The tests took place not only in the White Sea, but also in the area of ​​the North Pole. During the period of rocket firing, there were no failures in work. During construction nuclear submarines class " Typhoon"The latest advances in the creation of shipborne electronic equipment and noise reduction were applied. Submarines of this project are equipped with a pop-up rescue chamber designed for the entire crew.

heavy nuclear missile cruiser of strategic purpose "Akula"

Interestingly, the total underwater displacement submarine "Shark"» is about 50,000 tons. Moreover, exactly half of this weight is ballast water, which is why it was dubbed the "water carrier". This is the price, not fully thought out for the Russian submarine fleet, of the transition from liquid hot to solid fuel. As a result, the project Shark" became the largest submarine in the world and listed in the Guinness Book of Records. For the construction of nuclear submarines at the Northern Machine-Building Enterprise, a new workshop was specially built - the largest covered boathouse in the world. The first submarine of project 941 code "TK-208" was laid down at the shipyard of a shipbuilding enterprise in 1976, launched on September 23, 1980, and entered service at the end of 1981. Then five more submarines were built, and one of them was nuclear submarine « Dmitry Donskoy». nuclear submarine"TK-210" laid down in 1986 was never put into operation and dismantled in 1990 due to the high cost of the project.

dates of laying, launching and commissioning of Project 941 submarines

Design submarine project 941 made according to the "catamaran" type: two separate strong hulls are located in a horizontal plane parallel to each other. In addition, there are two separate sealed capsule-compartments - a torpedo compartment and a control module located between the main buildings in the diametrical plane, in which there is a central post and a radio-technical armament compartment located behind it. The missile compartment is located between the pressure hulls at the front of the ship. Both cases and capsule-compartments are interconnected by transitions. The total number of watertight compartments is nineteen. The compartment of the central post and its light fencing are shifted towards the stern nuclear submarine. Robust hulls, the central post and the torpedo compartment are made of titanium alloy, and the lightweight hull is made of steel (a special hydroacoustic rubber coating is applied to its surface, which increases stealth submarines). Submarine "Shark""has a developed fodder plumage. The front horizontal rudders are located in the bow of the hull and fold. The cabin is equipped with powerful ice reinforcements and a rounded roof, which serves to break the ice during ascent.

For the crew of the boat, conditions of increased comfort have been created. The officers were placed in relatively spacious two- and four-bed cabins with washbasins, televisions and air conditioning, and sailors and foremen - in small cockpits. Submarine « Shark” received a gym, a swimming pool, a solarium, a sauna, a lounge for relaxation, a “living corner” and other premises.

According to the domestic press, the existing plans for the development of Russia's strategic nuclear forces provide for the modernization Project 941 nuclear submarines with the replacement of the D-19 missile system with a new one. If this is true, submarine "Shark"" has every chance of remaining in service until 2010. In the future, it is possible to re-equip part of the project 941 into transport nuclear submarines designed for the transportation of goods on transpolar and cross-polar routes, the shortest route linking Europe, North America and other countries. The cargo compartment built instead of the missile compartment will be capable of receiving up to 10,000 tons of cargo.

largest submarine in the world photo

nuclear submarine "Shark" in the parking lot


on a barrel

submarine "Shark" in combat campaign

Submarine "Shark" on the surface

The 19th century was marked by a number of science fiction predictions. One such seemingly incredible project was the Nautilus submarine, invented by the writer Jules Verne. By that time, there was only one all-metal submarine from which missiles were launched - the submarine of the Russian scientist Schilder.
However, soon the technical progress of all countries was forced to produce such ships in connection with the impending hostilities. During the American Civil War, the first ship was sunk by a submarine. Already in the First World War, all leading countries had a submarine fleet. Submarines were recognized as an effective tool for combat operations.
Since then, much has changed: submarines began to be produced in different sizes, from the smallest to the giant ones, with their own nuclear reactors on board. Submarines are used not only for military purposes, but also for peaceful purposes - as research bases.

10. Astyut (Estyut)

Astyut-class submarines are operated by the British Navy. For 2014, these submarines were the most advanced designed in England. By 2018, the construction of 3 such boats was completed, and 4 more are being prepared for launching. In 2012, the tests of these submarines were completed successfully, and the Astyuts demonstrated their ability to effectively launch two Tomahawks at the same time to successfully hit the target.
The names of the submarines of this class are Estute, Embush, Artful (currently active), Odeishes, Anson, Agamemnon (laid down and awaiting completion) and Ajax (a contract for production has been signed).
The length of these boats reaches 97 m in length, the immersion depth is 300 m, the displacement is 7,800 tons. The Astyut is equipped with 6 TAs of 480 mm each, Tomahawk and Harpoon missiles and additional TAs with a caliber of 533 mm.

9.

The Seawolf is the American answer to the Soviet cruisers Shchuka-B during the Cold War. Initially, it was planned to build twelve such submarines, however, until 1998 only 3 were launched, after which the project lost its relevance.
The length of the Sivulf hull is 107.6 m. The maximum diving depth is 600 m. The speed of movement of boats of this class is 18 knots. Surface displacement - 10,500 tons, underwater - 12,200 tons. Armament on these ships includes 8 TA 660 mm, torpedoes and missiles of the Tomahawk type.

8. Condor

"Condor" is the first of the giant submarines in service with the Russian fleet. By 2018, our army is armed with two Condor cruisers, each of which is 110.5 meters long.
The hull of the Condors is made of titanium alloy, which is much lighter and stronger than standard metals, which allows the ship to dive to greater depths than its predecessors, and do it much more inconspicuously for enemy reconnaissance equipment.
There are two representatives of this type of submarines: Catfish and Perch. In the future, it is planned to upgrade both ships to the Zvyozdochka CA. This means a complete repair and debugging of submarine systems, as well as the installation of the latest navigation systems and the Kalibr cruise missile system.
The maximum diving depth of the Condor is 600 m. Submarines of this class can reach speeds of up to 35 knots under water. The displacement is 10,400 tons. The armament of the Condor consists of 6 TA 533 mm, torpedoes and cruise missiles of the Granat type, as well as 8 portable anti-aircraft missile systems Igla and Igla-1.

7.

Despite the fact that the "Pike-B" is somewhat inferior to the "Condor" in length (111.7 m), it is somewhat "heavier", having over 13 meters in width. Shchuka-B is a Soviet development, one of the largest nuclear submarines at the time of its release. Unlike the Condors assembled later, the Pike has a steel hull.
Project 971 existed from 1983 to 2001, passing into the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation. During the period of its release, the project has undergone several revisions and changes. As a result of the modification, the "Pike" received the names "Nerpa", "Cheetah" and others, and in the west they are called "Improved Akula".
By 2018, there were 4 operating submarines of this class. They are armed with 4 TA 650 mm and 2 - 533 mm each, Caliber-PL and Strela-ZM missile systems. The maximum diving depth of the Pike is 600 m, the displacement is 12,700 tons.

6.

One of the few countries in Europe that are armed with giant submarines is France. Triumfan-class submarines were built between 1989 and 2009. 4 of the planned 6 units were launched into the water.
The length of each is 138 meters. Maximum immersion depth - more than 400 m. Equipment - four 533 mm torpedo tubes, 10 torpedoes, 8 Exocet SM39 cruise missiles. Displacement - 14 300 tons.

5.

Four Vanguard-class submarines are in service with the British Navy. These are nuclear giants with a length of almost 150 meters, the construction of which began in the nineties of the last century.
The board of the Vanguards is equipped with four 533 mm caliber TAs, sixteen Trident II D5 missiles and torpedoes. Maximum immersion depth - 400 m. Compliance with surface and underwater displacement - 15,100 and 15,900 tons.

4. Delta

"Delta" is not a separate class, but the collective name of a series of nuclear submarines developed in the USSR. The Delta included submarines of the Kalmar, Dolphin, Murena and Murena-M series.
The most advanced of the Delta modifications, the Delfin, is 167.4 meters long. 7 Delfins were built, 5 of which are still in service with the Russian submarine fleet.
"Delta" is equipped with 4 TA 533 mm, 12 torpedoes, 16 ballistic missiles and up to 8 anti-aircraft missile systems "Igla" and "Igla-1". The maximum diving depth is up to 650 meters. Surface displacement - 11,700 tons, underwater - 18,200 tons.

3.

Ohio is the largest submarine in service with the United States. Today, they actively patrol the country's borders, spending up to 60% of the time under water. At the same time, the submarines of this series are quite old - the first of them was launched in 1081. The nuclear giant Ohio is 170.7 meters long.
The Ohio, due to its sheer size, is capable of carrying more than 20 Trident II missiles and over 150 Tomahawk missiles. To launch shells on the Ohio, 4 TA 533 mm are provided. The Ohio's displacement is 18,800 tons.

2.

The Borey is somewhat inferior to the Ohio in the length of the hull (170 m), but it is almost a meter wider, due to which it has a greater displacement. This is a Russian submarine, which is one of the most advanced developments in the world. Until 2027, Russia plans to launch 14 ships of this type. It is planned that Borey will replace the Delta and Sharks, which will be discussed later.
Borey can reach speeds of up to 29 knots. The displacement of Borea is 24,000 tons. The submarine is equipped with 6 TA 533 mm, 6 sonar countermeasures of 324 mm caliber, torpedoes, Onyx and Caliber cruise missiles, as well as 16 launchers of the Bulava complex. "Boreas" can truly be called deadly.

1. Project 941 "Shark"

The largest of the existing submarines is the domestic "Shark", known in the West as the "Typhoon". Sharks were developed during the Cold War to counter the American threat. The length of this steel nuclear predator is 172.8 m. The surface displacement is over 23,000 tons, underwater - 48,000 tons. shores.
"Sharks" were built for long autonomous navigation. In height, these ships are comparable to modern nine-story houses. Inside each Project 941 cruiser were five accommodation blocks, in which the crew had access to gyms, swimming pools, and even a real bathhouse. The furnishings and furnishings of the premises looked more like a luxury hotel than a military facility. Even the doorways to the submarine giants' quarters were full-sized, unlike most other submarines.
In total, six ships from the Project 941 series were built. Unfortunately, they did not last long - in less than 10 years they were decommissioned due to high maintenance costs. At the moment, only one modified submarine from this series remains afloat - Dmitry Donskoy. It serves to test ballistic missiles of the Bulava type.

The fleet of submarines, the first two places were occupied by Russian (Soviet) submarines, reports.

The top 5 largest submarines in history according to the publication is as follows:


1. Project "Shark". Displacement 48 thousand tons.

“The largest submarine in the world. Designed by the Rubin Central Design Bureau. The construction of the 941 series was started in 1976. In total, from 1981 to 1989. Sevmash built six boats of this project. Now in the combat composition of the Russian Navy there is only a heavy nuclear-powered strategic missile submarine TK-208 "Dmitry Donskoy",” the article says.

2. Project "Borey". Displacement 24 thousand tons.

Borey-class strategic nuclear missile carriers were designed at the Rubin Central Design Bureau for Marine Engineering in the 1980s. There are three submarine cruisers in the Russian fleet, four more are under construction. In total, by 2021, it is planned to build eight such missile carriers, and five of them are of the modernized Project 955A.”

3. The Ohio Project. USA. Displacement 18,750 tons.

“The Ohio project is a series of 18 US third-generation strategic nuclear submarines commissioned from 1981 to 1997. The boats differed from their predecessors in increased combat potential and improved stealth. They form the basis of the US strategic offensive nuclear forces.

4. Project "Murena" / Delta II. Displacement 18,200 tons.

"The Murena class (Delta, according to NATO) was created during the Cold War, and their task was considered to be strikes against American industrial and military targets." There are 4 subclasses in total: Project 667B (Delta I, adopted in 1972), 667BD (Delta II), 667BDR Kalmar (Delta III).

5. Project Vanguard. Great Britain. Displacement 15,900 tons.

“The entire nuclear arsenal of the United Kingdom is located on four Vanguard-class submarines. They are based in the Clyde in Scotland. The boats were built in the 1990s, and they replaced the outdated ships of the Resolution type, in fact, being their further development.

The largest Russian submarine "Akula" belongs to the class of heavy strategic missile submarines. The start date for her project is December 1972.

The first "Shark" was built in the USSR at "Sevmash" (Severodvinsk) and launched on September 23, 1980. From 1981 to 1989, a series of six boats of this type was commissioned. The place of their basing was the water area of ​​the Nerpichya Bay in the Northern Fleet.

Structural specifics of the case

The Akula nuclear submarine of project 941 has a very light overall hull, inside which there are 5 inhabited strong hulls. Two of them have the maximum dimensions and are the main ones, they are located on the principle of a catamaran, in a horizontal plane parallel to each other. Such a characteristic layout is determined by the large dimensions of the ammunition load.

Both main durable cases are interconnected by three transitions and are divided into 8 compartments:

  • reactor and turbine compartments with a total length of 30 m;
  • three bow compartments 54 m long;
  • three adjacent to the main command post (GKP) 31 meters long.

The remaining three durable cases are:

  • reliably insulated bow hull of the torpedo compartment;
  • building for placement of GKP and radio equipment;
  • aft transitional body with a total length of 30 meters.

The compartment of the main command post, the torpedo compartment, the main hulls are made of titanium alloy, and the light hull is made of steel with subsequent anti-hydroacoustic coating.

The developers of the submarine (TsKBMT "Rubin") for the first time used in its layout the original layout of the missile silos. They are located forward of the cabin in front of the submarine, between the two main main buildings.

Power point

The large power plant of the 3rd generation has a block design consisting of two echelons located independently on the starboard and port sides. Each block includes:

  • water-cooled nuclear reactor with a capacity of 190 MW on thermal neutrons OK-650VV. Reactors of this type are equipped with: pulse equipment for monitoring their condition, a battery-free cooling system (BBR) in case of a power outage;
  • turbine with a capacity of 50,000 hp. from;
  • propeller in the form of a propeller shaft with a 7-bladed propeller, the diameter of which is 5.55 meters, the rotation speed is 230 rpm. To reduce noise, the propellers are installed in special fenestrons (circular fairings);
  • four steam turbine nuclear power plants BPTU 514 with a capacity of 3200 kW.

Reserve means of movement

  1. Two diesel generators of the ASDG-800 type, 800 kW each.
  2. Lead-acid battery.
  3. Two standby electric motors with a capacity of 260 kW.
  4. Thrusters with swiveling propellers for maneuvering in a pinched position. They are equipped with electric motors of 750 kW.

The main armament of the "Shark"

The basic weapon "Shark" project 941 consists of:

  • ballistic missile system D-19, equipped with 20 solid-propellant three-stage intercontinental missiles of the R-39 "Variant" class (RSM 52 sea-based. Firing range - 8500 km, warhead divided with 10 warheads of 100 kilotons each;
  • D-19U missile system with 20 R-39UTTH "Bark" ballistic missiles of intercontinental range with shock-absorbing rocket launch system. The combat range is up to 10,000 km, there is a unique system for passing through the ice.

The launch of the entire missile ammunition of the Shark project can be carried out from a dry mine both underwater (at a depth of no more than 55 meters) and on the surface.

The largest nuclear submarine in Russia is armed with six torpedo tubes (TA) with a caliber of 533 mm, equipped with fast-loading devices and a special Grinda-type TA training system. The full ammunition load consists of 22 Shkval class torpedoes (SAET-60M, SET-65, USET-80 types), as well as Blizzard and Vodopad missiles. They use six-torpedo torpedoes for firing rocket-torpedoes, torpedoes and for installing minefields-obstacles.

Air defense is carried out by MANPADS (8 units) of the Igla-1 type. Full ammunition - 48 anti-aircraft guided missiles (SAM).

Radio electronic equipment

On board the Akula-type submarine of project 941 there are several complexes with high-precision equipment of various classes.

  1. The combat information and control system of the Omnibus type is used for: collecting, processing and displaying information, calculating the effectiveness of the use of a particular weapon, targeting technical and fire weapons, navigation and combat crews;
  2. Hydroacoustic equipment SJSC "Skat-3" MGK-540 consists of:
    • SJSC Skat-KS MGK-500 with 4 antennas and the ability to simultaneously track 12 targets;
    • hydroacoustic station (GAS) mine detection "Arfa-M" MG-519;
    • GAS measurement of cavitation "Screw" MG-512;
    • GAS measuring the speed of sound "Shkert" GISZ MG-553;
    • Echoledometer "North" MG-518.
  3. Radar complex "Radian" RLC MRCP-58 with radio-technical intelligence station MRP-21A.
  4. The navigation complex has:
    • satellite complex "Symphony";
    • NK class "Tobol";
    • circular and adjustable navigation detector NOK-1 and NOR-1.

The submarine is equipped with special means of communication, retractable periscopes, antenna systems.

Performance characteristics of the submarine "Shark"

Main dimensions: maximum length - 173.1 m, width - 23.3 m, draft in the wake - 11.2-11.5 m.

Full speed and displacement characteristics:

  • full surface displacement at a speed of 12/13 knots - 29500 tons,
  • full underwater at a speed of 25/27 knots - 49800 tons.

Diving depths:

  • limit - 500 m,
  • working - 380 m.

The autonomy of navigation is about six months. The total crew size is 163 people, officers and warrant officers are 52/83, respectively.

The total mass of the equipped submarine missile carrier is 50,000 tons.

The world's largest submarine "Shark" 941 has a developed cruciform empennage of the stern and horizontal rudders (front retractable) placed behind the propellers. Thanks to the block system for placing units and mechanisms, as well as rubber-cord two-stage pneumatic shock absorption, the nuclear submarine has low noise levels and improved vibration isolation of all units.

Video about the submarine Akula (Typhoon)

The Akula-class strategic missile submarine has not only solid dimensions, but also a high margin of safety and buoyancy, which allows it to perform maneuvers with breaking through ice up to 2.5 m thick. high latitudes up to the Arctic.

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