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The hottest part of the world. The coldest and hottest places on earth. What temperature can we withstand

Plot in Libya where it is located city of El Azizia, counts hottest spot on earth. It is here that scientists record high temperatures that have never been seen on the planet before.

Studies have been carried out to prove the fact that the hottest point is unstable. She immigrates to other territories and eventually ends up in a different place.

In 1922 (month - September), experts recorded a temperature of 60 degrees Celsius. In the city of El Aziziya, the above temperature was due to southerly winds that transported hot air from Deserts of the Sahara.

Heat of 1992 surpassed the city's record, which was recorded in 1913. At that time, the highest air temperature was +57.6 Degrees Celsius.

Similar temperatures were recorded by the American Landsat satellite in the Deshte Lut desert. Been here for 5 years in a row the highest temperatures. It was impossible to set foot on the ground without special equipment.

Why did scientists not pay attention to Deshte Lut and did not declare it the hottest spot in the world? The reason was the fact that temperatures were not measured here due to the lack of meteorological instruments in the surrounding areas. Compared to a satellite that records surface temperatures, weather stations measure the temperature of the air above the surface. Today, specialists have the opportunity to install measuring instruments, and they record all the changes that occur in the climate.

In Deshte Lut in 2005, the satellite showed a temperature of +70.7 degrees Celsius. Rocky land is considered the main factor influencing these indicators. It has a dark color, and unlike sand, it reflects the sun's rays several times less.

Studies have been conducted to compare colors in Deshte Lut. Scientists have found that the darker the piece of land, the higher its temperature.

Let's look at what temperature records in the world and the places where they were recorded. In other words, this collection of 10 hottest and coldest places on earth.

To begin with, I propose to consider the coldest. These places are reputedly coldest on earth. Brrr - I wouldn't want to live there (:

Antarctica. East station.

This station belongs, as you probably already guessed, to Russians. This is where it was recorded coldest temperature. A significant date is July 21, 1983, then there was a severe frost, and the thermometer showed record of our planet -89.2 ° C. And now a little more specifically about this place: the height above sea level is 3.5 kilometers, the station is located in the area of \u200b\u200bone of the largest lakes in the world: Lake Vostok of the same name. Naturally, the lake is not on the surface, it is under the ice at a depth of 4 kilometers.

Canada. Eureka station.

This research station is often called coldest place in the world. -20 ° C is the average annual air temperature, and in winter t usually drops to -40 ° C. This station was conceived as a meteorological station and was created in the middle of the last century.

Russia. Yakutia. Oymyakon.

Well, this place is already in the North: 350 km from the Arctic Circle to the south. Here was fixed record coldest temperature for the Northern Hemisphere-71.2°C (1926). This is confirmed by a memorial plaque erected after this event.

USA. Denali (Mount McKingley).

This is the highest point in North America. Mount McKingley is the coldest on Earth, its height is 6194 meters.

Mongolia. Ulaanbaatar.

And this is already the coldest capital. The height above sea level is 1.3 kilometers. The thermometer very rarely shows temperatures above -16°C in January.

Well, we have visited the most “icy” places. Personally, I wanted to immediately drink a cup of hot coffee or tea, but this is not at all necessary, because then we will go with you to the hottest countries. Well, let's continue!

So, hottest places in the world.

Libya. El Azizia.

El Azizia is only an hour away from the Mediterranean Sea. And despite this, it is very hot there. For example, September 13, 1922 was such a hot day that the thermometer relentlessly showed a mark of 57.8 ° C.

Africa. Ethiopia. Dallol.

The place is 116 meters below sea level. And it is in Dallol that one observes record high average air temperature+34.4 ° C. The area is covered with salt and is volcanic in nature, so nothing grows here and there is nothing living at all.

Libya. Desert of Dashti-Lut.

It is in this desert that the highest temperature on the surface of the Earth +70 ° C. Here is the record!! That's the maximum temperature!! By the way, about the date: they were able to fix such a temperature here 2 times: in 2004 and in 2005. This desert is one of the driest places on the planet. There is also nothing living here, including even bacteria. Imagine: even bacteria will not survive there! But the dunes there are like in a fairy tale: they reach 500 meters in height and are the most beautiful!

USA. California. Death Valley.

This desert belongs to the second highest temperature record: +56.7 ° C. The average summer temperature here is approximately +47 ° C. Death Valley is the driest place in the United States, it is surrounded by mountains and is located 86 meters below sea level.

Thailind. Bangkok.

The average annual temperature in this city is +28 ° C. The hottest here is from March to May - the average temperature in these months is + 34 ° C, and if you also take into account that the humidity is 90%, then this is in general (in vain I drank a cup of hot coffee all still (=).

Let's summarize. We visited amazing places: it was in them that temperature records, the lowest and the highest. Personally, I realized for myself: there is no need for extremes; and it turns out that I am quite satisfied with the climate of the place where I live, it can be both cold and hot here, but in comparison with the places listed above, in moderation.

At the 2014 World Football Championship, the Iranian team failed to compete for medals. But in the conditional tournament in terms of the highest temperature, Iran overtook all competitors. More precisely, such a kind of champion is the Deshte Lusht desert located in the east of this Middle Eastern desert. On a multi-kilometer sandy territory, where even the most viable bacteria die from heat and lack of moisture, an American space satellite recorded in 2005 the highest temperature of the earth's surface + 70.7 ° C.

However, if you look at the salt marshes and dunes of Deshte-Lut from the window of an airplane, then the desert is quite attractive. Thanks, above all, to the beautiful and high dunes.

Not by Iran alone

By the way, Deshte-Lusht is not the only area with terrible heat. Cooking meat without the help of a fire will certainly work in some others. And not all of them are located in especially heat-loving parts of the Asian and African continents. In particular, the Libyan Al-Aziziya was built not far from the resort Mediterranean Sea. On September 13, 1922, its inhabitants had to endure a record +57.8°C. The Ethiopian Dallol is also on the list of the hottest places. The average temperature in it, +34.4, is also considered the highest. And it is impossible to live in Dallol, completely covered with volcanic ash and salt and 116 meters below sea level, as in Desht Lusht.

Unbearable for people and all living things is the American Death Valley. Dryness and heat (the average summer is + 47 ° C, and the maximum reached 56.7) it kills everything and everyone. The list of truly hot countries on the planet is headed by Qatar, where the average winter temperature is +28. I wonder how the participants of the football World Cup 2022 will feel on the field? Especially those who come to Qatar from European countries.

"Vostok" is a frozen thing, Petruha!

People do not appear, even polar explorers and meteorologists hardened by bad weather, and in the coldest point of the globe located in Antarctica. Therefore, to determine the average temperature at the Antarctic Pole of Inaccessibility, and it is equal to minus 57.8 ° C, is entrusted exclusively to special frost-resistant instruments and remote calculation groups. The record for the lowest low temperature set at the Russian-owned Vostok station (89.2 °) was “beaten” after a measurement carried out by the Americans on the Fuji ice dome 3779 m high. It turned out to be exactly two degrees lower than the “eastern” one. Fuji is also located in Antarctica, on Queen Maud Land.

40 degree Eureka

The name of the polar station, created near the South Pole at an altitude of 3500 km, gave Lake Vostok covered with four-kilometer ice. Also in Russia, in Yakutia, people live. A small settlement of hunters, fishermen and reindeer herders set its world record - 71.2 degrees - in 1926. It is curious that in translation from Yakut its name sounds like “Non-freezing water”. It turned out that there is a hot spring nearby, which does not want to freeze even in winter.

The prestige of North America, as a very cold continent, was supported by its highest peak, Mount McKinley (6194 m). Otherwise, it is called Denali and it is believed that there are no lower high-mountain temperatures than here. The average winter on Denali, as, by the way, on the Canadian research station called Eureka, is 40 "minuses".

Ecology

The title of the hottest place on Earth is often awarded to the city of Al Aziziya in Libya, where the highest temperature on the planet was recorded, but satellite studies show that the palm for the honor of being called "the hottest exact place on the planet" actually goes to different places from year to year.

Al-Aziziya recorded a record temperature above zero on September 12, 1922. The thermometer showed +58 degrees Celsius. Such an unprecedented temperature was the result of southerly winds that carried hot air from the Sahara desert. The unprecedented heat in El Aziziya of that year broke the 1913 record in Death Valley, where a temperature of +56.6 degrees Celsius was recorded.

According to new research by scientists from University of Montana, which used data received from satellites, no place on Earth can literally be called "the hottest place on the planet."

Steven Running and his colleagues for 7 years studied the data of infrared sensors, the American artificial satellite "Landsat", which show the temperature. They found out that for 5 years in a row, the Deshte Lut desert in Iran was the hottest spot on the planet.

The reason why the Deshte Lut desert was not named among the hottest places, however, like other deserts - the Sahara, Gobi and Sonoran, is that temperatures are not recorded in these places due to their remoteness and very difficult climatic conditions for the work of meteorologists . Most of the hottest places on the planet are not explored and are not measured by ground stations.

Satellites have the ability to record the temperature even in the most remote places on the planet and in the harshest, as they scan every piece of the Earth. Satellites record the so-called "temperature of the surface layer of the planet", which shows the amount of heat that the Sun, atmosphere and other heat sources bring to a particular area. Meteorological stations do not actually measure the surface of the planet, but the air temperature a few meters away from it.

The highest temperature near the surface of the Earth was recorded by a satellite in the Deshte Lut desert in 2005: it was 70.7 degrees Celsius! The highest temperature on the planet was kept in these places in 2004, 2006, 2007 and 2009.

Although the highest temperatures change places from year to year, the conditions under which they occur remain the same. Dry, rocky lands that are dark in color absorb heat well, while lighter sand reflects sunlight. When scientists compared the color of the rock in the Deshte Lut desert region, it turned out that the temperature was higher in darker zones.

Volcano Dallol- the lowest volcano in the world, located 48 meters below sea level and having a crater diameter of 1450 m, formed on the planet more than 900 million years ago. The average annual temperature on Dallol is also unique. In the 60s of the XX century, it was 34 ° Celsius, which to this day remains the maximum average annual temperature.

You ask, where do such rich and eye-catching colors come from? Scientists explain it this way: after the explosion and eruption in 1926 (by the way, since that time the volcano has been “silent”), an acid lake formed in its crater. And the characteristic white, yellow and red colors are nothing more than the result of staining with various sulfur ions and potassium salts. The cosmic picture is added by constant emissions of gases, the sources of which (fumaroles) look like huge eggs.

Let's find out more about it...

Photo 3.

Getting on the slopes of Erta Ale, where the African village of the same name Dallol is located near the crater of the volcano, one gets the impression of an extraterrestrial origin of the surrounding landscapes, which are based on lava, sulfur and andesite frozen in bizarre forms. Astronauts say that the scenery of the volcano is reminiscent of Io, a moon of the planet Jupiter.

Photo 4.

It is believed that volcano formed as a result of the eruption of basaltic magma under the body of the volcano, which is why it has such a bizarre shape. The mouth of the volcano, which lies in the most remote region of Ethiopia, is surrounded by hills that rise 50-60 meters above the flat, completely covered with salt, areas. With a perimeter of 1.5 km x 3 km, the Dallol volcano crater is believed to be located on top of Quaternary deposits, including a huge deposit of potassium salts, and the hills are the preserved remains of the crater walls. But the age of these hills and the process of their formation are still a mystery even to scientists.

Photo 5.

Having visited the volcano, even now you can become a witness processes of volcanic activity, to see how salt is washed out and transported from the bowels of the volcano to the surface in order to dissolve in hot thermal springs or freeze in bizarre rounded shapes that have yellow, red, white and greenish hues. On Dallol you can find numerous areas of fumaroles (fumarole), alluvium of thin layers of salt, forming oval formations of white, somewhat reminiscent of the eggs of large birds. Dallol Volcano has two lava lakes at once, one of which is located in the crater of the volcano.

Photo 6.

Not far from the Dallol volcano in the Black Mountain region, about 1000 tons of salt erupt annually, which the locals cut into rectangular slabs and transport them on camels to the nearest large cities. These slabs are later sold in Mekal to be processed into table salt.

There is a legend that the mouth of the Dallol volcano is the very gate to hell, which were described by Enoch the Ethiopian in the ancient manuscript "The Book of Enoch". According to this learned man, who made history in the 1st century. BC, the end of the world will be caused by the abyss breaking into our world, which will swallow it with fire. Also in the records of the patriarch mentions the harsh people who guard the gates of hell. Despite the fact that Enoch does not indicate the geographical location of this terrible place, some scholars quite logically suggest that it may well be Dallol: Enoch the Ethiopian? Ethiopian. Dallol is the hottest place? Yes sir. Tribes - like Cerberus? Undoubtedly. So there is some common sense in the theory of these scientists.

Photo 7.

To see the Dallol volcano with your own eyes, the traveler needs to accomplish a real feat - and these are not empty words. The fact is that the area called Dallol, in which the volcano of the same name is located, is located in the north of Ethiopia and is known for the fact that there are no roads as a class. You can get here only along the caravan route, which was laid for the collection and delivery of salt. Moreover, this is the most distant place on Earth from civilization and, probably, it would be superfluous to say that it is uninhabited. Therefore, not everyone decides on a dangerous adventure.

The volcano is located in the Afar region, at a distance of 1 day from Mekele and 2 days from the main road Addis Ababa - Djibouti. Travelers who were lucky enough to visit Erta Ale consider the Dallol volcano to be one of the most unusual places on the planet.

Coordinates: 14° 14′ 30″ N, 40° 18′ 0″ E

Photo 8.

On the surface, you can see salt crystals, which are washed out from the lower layers of the earth and transported to the surface by geothermal hot water. Ethiopians take away whole slabs of the earth's crust, consisting of salt, to later sell it for processing into table salt.

Photo 9.

The name Dallol appeared thanks to the Afar tribe, and in translation means "decay", which characterizes the local landscape very well, with green lakes with iron oxide, salt flats, hot springs and a variety of bizarre formations

Photo 10.

At the crater of the volcano in Dallol, travelers are waiting for: 1. Life without the benefits of civilization; 2. Acquaintance with the life of the local people; 3. Desert with abandoned mines and a volcano that stretches for many kilometers. However, not everything is as scary as you might think. Scientists have precisely established that the volcano is not going to become active in the near future, and the locals are not so dangerous. This place is definitely suitable for lovers of extreme travel, those people who love to unravel the mysteries that the wild nature has prepared for us.

Photo 11.

You look around and every now and then you doubt whether the beginning of the 21st century is now and are you on Earth? Or in the foreseeable future on another planet?

Photo 12.