The most salty sea in the world. Which seas are the most salty. Which lake in the world is the saltiest

There are about eighty seas on Earth. Some of them are part of the World Ocean. Many people know that all reservoirs of this type are salty. Not everyone knows about the concentration of alkalis in different seas. We propose to consider the most salty seas in the world. Before that, I would like to remind you that the Baltic Sea is the freshest sea. The salt content in this reservoir is only 7 percent. It follows that for one liter of water from the Baltic Sea there are only 7 grams of salts.

10 Saltest Lakes in the World

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Closes the Top 10 most salty seas on the planet White. In places, the salt content is 30%. At the same time, this reservoir is considered one of the smallest in Russia among the seas. The area is only 90 thousand square meters. In winter, the temperature reaches -1 degrees. In summer, the temperature rises to +15 degrees. In total, there are about 50 different types of fish in the sea. Among them, salmon, cod and beluga should be noted. Occasionally comes across smelt.

The Chukchi Sea is also among the ten most saline seas in the world, the composition of alkalis in which reaches 33%. This unique reservoir is located between Alaska and Chukotka. Its area is 589 thousand square kilometers. It is worth noting that the water temperature in summer reaches a maximum of 12 degrees. At the same time, in winter, it can drop to -1.8 degrees. In addition to being cold, the Chukchi Sea has a unique wildlife. Walruses, seals and unique species of fish live here. In particular, grayling, cod and Far Eastern navaga.

Do not forget about the reservoir that stretches between Novosibirsk and the islands of Severnaya Zemlya. We are talking about the Laptev Sea, whose area is 662 thousand square kilometers. The salinity of the water reaches 34%. The temperature never rises above 0 degrees. It should be noted that perch, sterlet and sturgeon are found at the bottom of this sea. The walrus also lives in the sea. Every year, surfing championships are held in the expanses of the sea, which is due to large waves.

On the territory of the Russian Federation, a more dangerous reservoir cannot be found. At the same time, it belongs to the most salty seas on the planet. The area is 1.4 thousand square kilometers. In the cold season, the temperature varies from 10 to 12 degrees. In winter, it can reach -4 to -5 degrees. The underwater world deserves special attention. Here you can meet capelin, perch, herring and even catfish. Also, from time to time, anglers manage to catch beluga and killer whales. Actually, the last animal is not only prey, but also a danger to many fishermen and sailors.

Closes the first top 5 of the most salty seas of Japan. It stretches between the shores of the islands of Japan and Eurasia. In addition, it covers part of Sakhalin. The average temperature for the year varies from 0 to 12 degrees. In the southern part, the temperature can drop to -26 degrees. This is a very cold body of water, which also amazes with the diversity of the animal and underwater world. Most of the marine fauna are anchovies and crabs. However, you can catch a lot of shrimp, oysters and herring. Actually, this is the reason for such a choice of seafood in Japanese cuisine.

In Greece, this reservoir is considered the most saline and at the same time dense. However, all over the world. This sea is perfect for people who are just on their way to learning how to swim. The sea literally holds on the surface. Due to the density in it, it is almost impossible to go to the bottom. In summer, the water temperature reaches 26 degrees above zero. In winter, it can drop to +14. Thus, we see that the inhabitants of the sea, including mackerel, flounder and tuna, have enough heat. However, as well as vacationers, who can be seen on the territory of the reservoir throughout the year.

38.5% salts

Another saltiest sea in the world that reaches the shores of Greece. This time we are talking about a very concentrated content of alkalis. Experts recommend rinsing with fresh water after bathing in this water, as the epithelial layer of the skin can be damaged. Sodium that concentrates on the skin can lead to impaired bleeding and create cracks. As for the water temperature, it stays around 14 degrees even in winter. In summer it reaches +24 degrees. The sea has existed for more than 20 thousand years. Its area is 179 thousand square meters.

39.5% salts

Opens the top three in the area of ​​the most salty seas of the Earth Mediterranean. It stretches between Africa and Europe. It should be noted that this reservoir is also considered the warmest in the world, due to the following indicators. In winter, the minimum temperature reaches 12 degrees. In summer, it can exceed the temperature of +25 degrees. In total, about 500 species of fish live in the sea. Sharks should also be included among them. There are crabs, blennies and mussels. Electric rays, which are listed in the Red Book, deserve special attention.

There are more than 70 seas on our planet. And all of them are an insignificant but integral part of the oceans. Researchers classify them into a variety of categories: size, location, depth, etc. One of these categories is the level of salt in the water. We have compiled the top 10 saltiest seas in the world, and we will also tell you exactly how the salinity of water is measured in them and who can live in the waters of such objects.

Method of determination

The unit of measure for the salinity of water, as well as the level of alcohol in the blood, scientists called ppm. 1 ppm refers to the volume of solids that are dissolved in 1 kg of sea water. The problem is that the composition of water in the seas is quite complex for direct chemical analysis. To determine the level of salinity, the concentration of an element, electrical conductivity, is taken as the basis. Or they proceed from the magnitude of refraction. Using this method, biologists were able to determine which seas are the most salty in the world.

At the very end of our list is the White Sea. Its waters wash the north of the European part of our country. The level of salt content here is kept at around 26-28%. Such a low level is due to the fact that a huge number of rivers flow into the White Sea. At a depth, mineralization can reach 31 ppm.

It is worth saying that the White Sea is one of the smallest, washing the shores of Russia. Its area barely exceeds 90,000 km2.

Fishing is highly developed here: the average catch is around 2,000 tons.

9. Chukchi Sea

In the waters of the Arctic Ocean, between Alaska and Chukotka, there is the Chukchi Sea, which occupies the 9th position in our ranking of the most saline seas in the world, with an area of ​​590 km 2. Given the geographical features, even in summer the water temperature rarely rises above 12 °C. In winter, it even drops to 0 ° C. But, despite this, the salinity level here is slightly higher than that of the White Sea - 32-33 ppm.

The harsh climate prevailing in these latitudes is reflected in the inhabitants of the sea. Only the most persistent representatives of the fauna are able to survive in such conditions. However, cod is the main target here.

The huge sea (more than 670 square kilometers), washing the north of Siberia, was called the Laptev Sea and takes 8th place in our ranking of the most salty seas. In winter, the salinity of its waters fluctuates at 34%. But in the southern part it drops sharply up to 25%, and with the advent of summer it can even drop to 5 ppm. As in all other seas, the maximum level (35%) is observed in the depths.

An interesting fact: despite the fact that the water temperature rarely rises above 0 ° C, the Laptev Sea is especially loved by surfers from all over the world due to the high level of coastal waves.

If you want to organize fishing in the Laptev Sea, then you are in for a complete failure. Only 40 species of fish live here. True, giant flounder and gigantic-sized sardine are often found.

Another body of water that is part of the Arctic Ocean. The Barents Sea washes the shores of Norway and the Russian Federation. It is considered the most dangerous in our country.

Due to the influence of a warm current from the North Atlantic, the salinity of the water here is constantly changing. True, it fluctuates in a small range: from 33 to 35 ppm. The level also depends on seasonality: in summer it is slightly lower.

The flora of the Barents Sea is rich in plankton. Also, it is from this reservoir that the Kamchatka crab is transported throughout the country. But be careful: aggressive polar bears and seals can be found on the coast.

Occupying the middle positions in our list, the Sea of ​​Japan confidently tops the list of the most salty seas in Russia. Despite the gigantic area of ​​1000 km2, the level of NaCl (sodium chloride) in almost all its zones is confidently kept at around 34%.

It should be noted that the Sea of ​​Japan is extremely cold. In the south, the temperature can drop below -27 °C. The average annual temperature fluctuates in the range of -1...+13 °С.

The underwater world of the Sea of ​​Japan is not stable. In the northern part, there are much fewer inhabitants than in the south. However, if you decide to eat large shrimp or scallops, the Sea of ​​Japan will give you such an opportunity. Also on the coast in late spring you can find crabs.

Finally we are transferred to where it is warm. To start on the coast of Greece. It is believed that the Ionian is both the saltiest sea in this country (38 ppm) and the densest in the world. If you are just learning to swim, then this pond will be a real gift for you. The waters of the Ionian Sea literally push you to the surface. It is because of the high level of density that you are unlikely to be able to get to the bottom on your own. In summer, the water is warm, about +27 °C. Winter and the end of the swimming season mark a cooling down to +15 °C.

The coast of Greece is washed by another sea - the Aegean. The researchers found here the level of concentrated alkali at the level of 39.5%. If you plan to swim in its waters, then you should heed the advice of dermatologists and use a special cream after completing the procedures. It is also useful to douse yourself with fresh water to wash off the sodium deposited on the skin.

The sea is believed to have formed over 20,000 years ago. True, what size of the reservoir were at that time is unknown. Today, the Aegean Sea is spread over an area of ​​180,000 km2.

The underwater flora of the Aegean and Ionian Seas is similar in many ways. Animals are different. If the Aegean is replete with octopuses, then the Ionian is rich in flounder and tuna.

The top three winners in our list are opened by the Mediterranean Sea. We all know it, many regularly visit its beaches, not even suspecting that the salinity level of its waters reaches 41 ppm.

The Mediterranean Sea stands out among others in several ways at once. First, it is the warmest sea. Secondly, it is truly gigantic - its area is just over 2,500,000 km 2. And the greatest depth recorded by scientists exceeds 5 km.

Due to its huge size, the Mediterranean Sea boasts a variety of inhabitants. Just over 500 species of fish live in its waters. Needless to say, Mediterranean cuisine is based on marine life.

The picturesque Red Sea, which is part of the Indian Ocean, stretches its waters between Middle East Asia and the African continent. The reservoir is relatively small - only 438,000 km 2. And this is a unique sea of ​​its kind, into the waters of which not a single river flows.

Despite the fact that the reservoir ranks second in the ranking of the most salty seas, the world of its flora and fauna is very diverse. Here you can find both sharks and killer whales, as well as age turtles and dolphins. In addition, the diversity and beauty of coral reefs attracts many divers from all over the world.

It is immediately worth noting that many scientists still consider the reservoir a lake. But if we discard all legal nuances ... the salinity of the Dead Sea is 270%! This is both a unique and amazing figure, which means that in 1 liter of water, chemical analysis showed 270 grams of alkalis. This is almost 10 times more than in the Red Sea. Naturally, nothing like this can be found on our plane, so this is the saltiest sea on earth. In the composition of its minerals, you can find an impressive part of the periodic table, including bromine and potassium. Is it necessary to warn that swimming in its waters is not worth it?

The Dead Sea is called so for a reason. Only a few species of mushrooms survive here. Finding random residents will definitely not work: the maximum depth of the sea-lake reaches only 300 meters, so 99.9% of the waters have already been studied and surveyed.

Summarizing the facts

As you can see, the opinions of scientists about which sea is the most salty are divided. Many geographers are firmly convinced that the Dead is a lake, not a sea, which is why they give the palm to the vice-winner of our rating - the Red Sea. Those researchers who do not care about such trifles speak in favor of the Dead.

Five objects from our list border on the territory of the Russian Federation, which should be noted. The most salty sea washing the shores of our country is the Sea of ​​Japan. And from the lakes - Bear.

Now you know about the 10 most salty seas. And which of them is best suited for a resort holiday - it's up to you.

1st place.

The Dead Sea. In fact, this body of water can be called a lake, because it does not communicate with any other seas or with the ocean. Nevertheless, everyone is accustomed to calling it the sea. Well, so be it. The Dead Sea has an incredible salinity of 33.7%. That is, every 100 g of water contains 33.7 g of salt.

Thanks to this incredible ratio, it is impossible to drown in this sea, because the body always strives to rise to the surface. The Jordan River and several small streams flow into it, but this inflow of water is clearly not enough to maintain the level of the reservoir. By the way, every year its level falls by 100 cm, which in the future is fraught with an environmental disaster.

2nd place.

Red sea. The percentage of salt in water is about 8 times less than that of the leader - 4.3%. It is noteworthy that rivers do not flow into this reservoir, therefore, silt and sand do not enter the sea from the outside, which means that its water is clean and transparent. Why is salinity high? Because there is little rainfall in this area, and clean water comes only from the Gulf of Aden.

Plus, incredible evaporation. The Red Sea daily loses up to 1 cm of its level, and the amount of salt does not seriously change, on the contrary, its concentration increases slightly. Poor water exchange is the true cause of high salinity.

3rd place.

Mediterranean Sea.
Washes the shores of Africa, Asia and Europe. Therefore, he was called that. It has a salinity of 3.9%. Several large rivers flow into the sea. Water circulation occurs under the influence of wind and due to the transfer of water by the Canary Current. The salinity of the reservoir regularly increases due to strong evaporation, and the density of the water varies significantly, depending on the season.

4th place.

Caribbean sea. In addition to being the most “pirate” sea, it also ranks fourth in the “salinity hit parade”. This figure is 3.5%. And in terms of its hydrological composition, this reservoir is quite homogeneous. That is, there are no sharp fluctuations in temperature indicators and in the degree of salinity of its individual sections.

Several large rivers flow into the Caribbean Sea. The tropical climate makes this sea basin attractive for tourists. It should only be taken into account that hurricanes rage very often in the northern part of the reservoir, causing a lot of inconvenience to residents of coastal settlements.

5th place.

Barents Sea. Located on the edge of the Arctic Ocean. It has a salinity of 3.5%. In ancient times, it had many names, because each nation called this reservoir in its own way. Only in 1853 the sea received its final name - the Barents Sea, in honor of the navigator from Holland V. Barents.

Naturally, in the middle of the sea, its salinity is higher than at the outskirts. This is explained by the fact that it is washed by slightly saline seas: Norwegian, White and Kara. And in the north, the icy ocean pretty much dilutes the concentration of sea water, because it does not shine with special salinity in itself, which is explained by the regular melting of ice.

6th place.

North Sea. Its salinity has different values, on average, this value is 35%. The fact is that the North Sea in the east borders on the slightly salty Baltic, and the rivers Thames, Elbe, Rhine and others also have an impact on this indicator. It washes the shores of many European countries, where the largest ports are located - London, Hamburg, Amsterdam, etc.

7th place.

Japanese Sea. The salinity index is 3.4%. In the northern and western parts of the reservoir it is much colder than in the southeast. The Sea of ​​Japan is not touristic. It is rather of industrial importance for some countries. He loves to scare sailors with typhoons, especially in autumn.

8th place.

Sea of ​​Okhotsk. It has a salinity of 3.2%. In winter, it freezes in the northern part, despite the increased salinity of the water, which, by the way, is much lower in coastal areas.

9th place.

Black Sea. The salinity of this reservoir varies greatly. For example, in the lower layer, this figure is 2.3%, and in the upper layer, where there is increased water circulation, the salinity is 1.8%. It is noteworthy that at a depth of 150 m there is no longer any life. This is due to the high content of hydrogen sulfide in the water.

10th place.

Sea of ​​Azov. The average salinity of the sea is 1.1%. In the 20th century, many rivers that feed this reservoir with water were blocked by dams, therefore, the flow of water and its circulation decreased significantly. It is noteworthy that this is the shallowest sea in the world, its maximum depth does not reach up to 14 m. It has a tendency to freeze in its northern part.

The main difference between the sea and a lake or any other large body of water is that it belongs to the world's oceans, that is, through rivers and straits, it (in this case the body of water is called inland) is connected to other water areas, which together make up a single space equal to two thirds of the surface of the globe. The most salty sea in the world is called the Red Sea. It belongs to the Indian Ocean and is thus an inland strait connected to the World Ocean and surrounded on all sides by land. While the Dead Sea has no outflowing rivers, it does not communicate with other bodies of water, that is, it is not such at all.

Very cool pickle

Since the most concentrated body of water (the Dead Sea) on the planet with a salt content of 340 grams per 1 liter of water, with a total indicator of the world ocean of 34 g, is not considered the most salty sea on Earth, it is simply a unique salinity object. This one-of-a-kind body of water was formed at the site of a graben, or tectonic fault, which filled with water millions of years after the tectonic plates parted. Much has been written about the fact that the territory of the “Arava Sea” is located at a depth of 350-400 meters below the level of the World Ocean, that is, all of it, including the lowest point - 423 meters, is a depression, the deepest valley on our planet. The only river Jordan flows into the Dead Sea and nothing flows out. Being a lake, the Dead Sea gives way to the Red Sea, which belongs to the Indian Ocean, and is connected with it through the Bab el-Mandeb (“Gate of Tears”) strait, which flows into the Gulf of Aden.

What causes salinity in the first place

As already noted, the most salty sea in the world is the Red Sea, which, as it were, separates Africa from the Arabian Peninsula. In the north, thanks to the Suez Canal, it mixes its waters with the Mediterranean Sea, connected to the Atlantic Ocean. Except the Dead Sea. both the Caspian and Baikal are lakes. But because of its huge size, it is customary to call the first one the sea, and Baikal is not called that anymore, except in songs (“Glorious Sea - Sacred Baikal”). The saltiest sea in the world is so for two reasons: the high temperature on the surface, which causes strong evaporation, and the absence of rivers, replenishing and diluting the marine reserves with fresh water. Through the only source - the Gulf of Aden, or rather - through the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, water annually enters half as much as it evaporates. It almost never rains in this area - 100 ml per year.

The youngest and most beautiful

To the most important feature characterizing the Red Sea, one can add the fact that it is also the youngest on the planet - it is only 25 million years old. It was formed simultaneously with the East African Rift. In essence and form, the sea bed is a trough - a valley formed by the activity of glaciers. This is a trough with a U-shape in transverse division, a wide bottom and rather steep sides, which, passing into the shores, stretch from north to south almost parallel to each other. Also the most salty sea in the world is one of the most beautiful. It is also the warmest sea on the planet. In a word, the sea-record holder.

Causes of high salinity

The water in it is well mixed, but on the territory of the sea there are areas of high salinity, where its concentration reaches 60 grams per liter. This is the Gulf of Aqaba, or, as it is also called, the Gulf of Eilat, which separates the Sinai Peninsula from Egypt. He himself is disconnected from the body of the sea by the shallow Strait of Tiran. This narrow bay in dry years turned into a salt lake much more often than the Red Sea itself. And this has happened repeatedly over 25 million years, the last time - 2.7 million years ago.

As a result of natural disasters, the sea level dropped to the bottom of the "bottleneck" - the Bab el-Mandeb Strait. This state of affairs existed for quite a long time, and the water in the reservoir became, according to the assumptions of some scientists, almost saltier than the current waters of the Dead Sea. Then the World Ocean attached the sea to itself, and the salt concentration decreased. In the 60s of the last century, scientists discovered depressions with hot brine at the bottom of the Red Sea (salt content reaches 60 g per liter and increases by 0.3-0.7 g annually). A very interesting fact is that, according to the testimony of researchers who dived to the bottom in special devices, the brine does not mix with sea water, but lies in a separate mass. It contains a lot of different precious metals. The Red Sea is truly unique, in many respects it is the “most” on the planet.

Lots of name variations

The origin of the name is also interesting. There are several versions, each of which has the right to exist. For example, that it is named after the color of the numerous red algae that give the water this shade. Ancient sailors saw it red because of the rocks of this color reflected in it. Or it's all because of the wrong reading of the ancient Simite word, as if denoting the name of the people who lived here in time immemorial. In ancient Egypt, the desert, located next to the sea, was called Ta-Desher (desher - "red").

One of the versions claims that among some peoples the cardinal points were associated with colors: the east meant white, the north meant black, and the south meant red. According to this version, the Black Sea also means "northern", "dark", because in relation to the location of the most ancient civilizations, it really is in cold countries. The salinity of the Black Sea is low - 18%.

Salinity indicators of some seas

The freshest sea on Earth with a salt content in the depths of up to 1 gram per liter, and on the surface - up to 5, is the Baltic Sea. The saltiest sea in the world belongs to the Indian Ocean basin, the warmest of all. It is natural to assume that the waters of water areas located closer to the equator are more saturated with salt. For example, the salinity of the Aegean Sea is 37-39% and higher, the Mediterranean - 36-39.5%, the Ionian - 38%, etc. The Sargasso Sea, located on the other side of the world, is also quite salty - 37%.

The disappearing Aral Sea, which at one time was the 4th salinity reservoir on the planet, is inappropriate to remember, since it is also a lake. The most salty seas in the world are located in one region of the globe, at a distance of 300 km from each other. Dead (if in this particular case we forget that this is a lake), or, as it is also called, Asphalt, or Sodom, is located between Israel, Jordan and Palestine.

Natural unique

You can talk about the Dead Sea endlessly, because it is unique. As already noted, the lowest point on the planet - 423 meters below sea level - is located here. The sea was formed about 5000 years ago by breaking the earth's crust, as a result of which the shores of the salt lake diverge to this day. It has no life. It is an object of tourist pilgrimage. Dead Sea cosmetics are known all over the world. What more can be said? It is here that all the inhabitants of Sodom are turned into salt.

It is so concentrated that little is drowned in it. There are a lot of photographs of people lying on the surface and reading a newspaper. Millions of tourists claim that the saltiest sea in the world is the Dead Sea. It is difficult to argue with this, it is really very large, and many travelers do not delve into whether it is sewage or drainless, connected to the oceans or not. Fabulous, amazing and great. Its area is 1059 sq. km. For comparison: the saltiest lake in Russia, Baskunchak (37 grams of salt per liter of water) occupies 106 square kilometers. km.

Salt seas of Russia

The northern seas of Russia, located very far from the equator, are also quite concentrated. According to some sources, the percentage of salt in the Barents and Kara Seas is at the level of 34%, sometimes higher. But in most cases, the most salty sea of ​​the country is called the Sea of ​​Japan, although it has the same indicator. So not in Russia, with the largest number of seas with a high content of this element, is the most salty sea in the world. Karskoe is simply one of the most salty reservoirs in Russia.

Everyone knows that sea water tastes salty. But not everyone knows that the amount of salt in different seas and oceans, as well as the chemical composition of the salt solution, varies significantly.


In some seas there is relatively little salt, in others, on the contrary, the water is more salty than usual.

How is sea salinity measured?

In order to find out in which sea the water is the most salty, scientists, of course, do not taste it when traveling to different seas of the planet. Everything is much simpler: the salinity of sea water is measured by determining how much salt is contained in one liter of water. To do this, you just need to evaporate the water and weigh the remaining salt.

If we do this experiment with ordinary tap water, we will get about 1.5 - 2 grams of salts in the dry residue, which give taste. Distilled water, which does not contain salts, is absolutely tasteless, unlike ordinary drinking water.

Sea salt, obtained by evaporating sea water, consists not only of table salt known to everyone, but also of a large number of other salts and minerals: sulfates, bicarbonates, borates, etc. In fact, almost the entire periodic table of elements can be found in sea water.

About 80 seas and oceans are marked on the map of our planet, and in each of them the salt concentration is at its own level. Moreover, different parts of the same sea have different salinity: where a large river flows into the sea, it drops sharply. The most unsalted in the world is the Baltic Sea: the amount of salt in a liter of its water barely reaches 7 grams.

The most salty sea in the world

Sometimes in popular literature there is a statement that the Dead Sea is considered the saltiest in the world. In fact, this is not true, and here's why: The Dead Sea is not really a sea, but a lake.


It is not connected to the World Ocean by any strait, river or canal, therefore, from the point of view of geography, it is a lake. Therefore, in terms of salinity, it should be compared with other salt lakes on the planet, and not with the seas.

In fact, the most salty is the Red Sea, the water of which contains about 41 grams of salt per liter. This is a very high figure, which the waters of the Red Sea were able to achieve due to the hot, arid climate of the coast. Not a single river flows into it, the level of the Red Sea is replenished only due to the flow of water from the Gulf of Aden.

Evaporation of water is very high, and the incoming less salty water does not have time to dilute the brine. The neighboring Mediterranean Sea, with which the Red Sea is connected via the Suez Canal, has a salinity of only about 26 grams per liter of water.

The waters of the Red Sea amaze with purity and transparency, since not a single river flows into it, bringing with it river silt and fine sand. Despite the rather serious depth (about 3 kilometers in the deepest part), it is well warmed up by the sun's rays, and even in winter its temperature does not fall below 20 degrees, and in summer it stays at 27-28 degrees.


These are ideal conditions for the reproduction of numerous marine fish, animals, molluscs and other underwater creatures. The underwater world of the Red Sea is extremely rich and diverse, despite the high salinity of the water.

The most salty seas of Russia

The most saline sea washing the coast of Russia is the Barents Sea, the salt content of which reaches 35 grams per liter of water. It is located in the northern part of the country, so in winter it is almost completely covered with ice. Only a small area of ​​the sea in the southwestern part remains free.

Even in summer, the water temperature does not exceed 12 degrees Celsius. Despite this, the Barents Sea is rich in fish, among which there are many commercial species - perch, herring, capelin, catfish, beluga, etc.


Other northern seas of Russia are slightly inferior in salinity to the Barents, but they are also among the top ten most saline seas in the world. These are the Laptev Sea (34 grams of salt per liter), the Chukchi Sea (33 grams of salt per liter) and the White Sea (30 grams of salt per liter of water).