The tallest TV towers in the world. The tallest tower in the world
Burj Khalifa is a skyscraper in Dubai, the tallest building in the world. The height of the building is 828 meters. Its construction began in 2004, and the grand opening ceremony took place on January 4, 2010.
The skyscraper was designed by the American architectural firm Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, which also designed the Willis Tower in Chicago, World Trade Center 1 in New York and many other famous buildings. The author of the project is the American architect Adrian Smith.
The Burj Khalifa was originally planned to be the tallest building in the world. When the skyscraper was still under construction, its design height was kept secret. If during the construction of the tower a skyscraper of a higher height had been designed somewhere, then adjustments could have been made to the project.
Inside the complex there is a hotel, apartments, offices and shopping centers. The building has 3 separate entrances: the entrance to the hotel, the entrance to the apartments and the entrance to the office premises. The Armani hotel and offices occupy floors 1 to 39. 900 apartments occupy floors 44 to 72 and 77 to 108. The 100th floor is wholly owned by Indian billionaire Shetty. Office premises occupy floors from 111 to 121, from 125 to 135 and from 139 to 154. On the 43rd and 76th floors there are gyms, swimming pools, observation decks. The highest observation deck is located on the 124th floor at an altitude of 472 meters. On the 122nd floor is the Atmosfera Restaurant, a restaurant located at the highest altitude in the world.
The construction of the skyscraper began in 2004 and proceeded at a rate of 1-2 floors per week. Especially for the Burj Khalifa, a special brand of concrete was developed that can withstand temperatures up to +50 degrees Celsius. Concrete work was completed after the construction of the 160th floor, followed by the assembly of a 180-meter spire from metal structures.
The Burj Khalifa has special equipment that cools and flavors the air inside the building. At the same time, the building is finished with tinted glass thermal panels, which reduce the heating of the premises inside, which reduces the need for air conditioning.
2 Tokyo Sky Tree
Tokyo Sky Tree is a television tower in Tokyo, the tallest among the television towers in the world and the second tallest building in the world after the Burj Khalifa. The height of the TV tower together with the antenna is 634 meters.
In July 2011, all television in Japan was supposed to go digital, but the Tokyo TV Tower was not tall enough to transmit to the upper floors of some skyscrapers, so a taller tower was built. Construction began in July 2008 and was completed on February 29, 2012. The opening took place on May 22.
During the construction of the tower, a special system was created that compensates, according to the architects, up to 50% of the force of tremors during earthquakes.
The tower is mainly used for digital TV and radio broadcasting, mobile telephony and navigation systems. In addition, it is a popular tourist attraction. In the TV tower you can visit 2 observation decks: one is located at an altitude of 350 meters, the other is at an altitude of 450 m. There are also a large number of boutiques and several restaurants, and at the foot of the tower there is a mini-complex with a shopping area, an aquarium and a planetarium.
3 Shanghai Tower
The Shanghai Tower is the tallest skyscraper in China and the third tallest building in the world. Its height is 632 meters.
The spirally curved tower was designed by the large American company Gensler. In June 2009, a foundation pit was dug, and the construction of the first floors of the tower began. In August 2013, a solemn ceremony was held in Shanghai to erect the last beam at a height of 632 meters, that is, the skyscraper was brought to roof level. The façade cladding was completed in September 2014 and all interior work completed in 2015.
In 2016, the Shanghai Tower was supposed to overtake the Pingan International Financial Center under construction in Shenzhen, but at the last moment its height was reduced from 660 to 600 m.
The lowest floor of the Shanghai Tower is dedicated to the historical museum of the city. Each area of the tower contains shops and galleries. There is a hotel in the middle of the building. Also inside there is a restaurant, the peculiarity of which is that it rotates around its axis, a concert hall and a club. The skyscraper attracts about 2.8 million travelers annually. The tower has several viewing platforms.
High-speed elevators are installed in the Shanghai Tower, rising up at a speed of eighteen meters per second. The building is equipped with 106 Mitsubishi Electric elevators, three of which are high-speed and reach a record height of 578 meters, breaking the Burj Khalifa record of 504 meters.
4 Abraj al-Bayt
Abraj al-Bayt is a complex of high-rise buildings built in Mecca. It is the largest structure in the world by mass, and it is also the tallest structure in Saudi Arabia. The height of the building is 601 meters. Its construction began in 2004 and was completed in 2012.
Abraj al-Bayt stands opposite the entrance to the al-Haram mosque, in the courtyard of which is the Kaaba, the main shrine of Islam. The tallest tower in the complex, which serves as a hotel, houses about 100,000 of the more than five million pilgrims who visit Mecca each year for the Hajj.
The Abraj al-Beit towers house a four-story shopping arcade and a parking garage with space for more than 800 vehicles. In residential towers there are apartments for permanent residents of the city.
At the top of the highest Royal Tower, there is a huge clock with a diameter of 43 meters (the length of the hour hand is 17 meters, the minute hand is 22), located at a height of more than 400 meters above the ground. Four of their dials are set on the four cardinal points. The clock is visible from anywhere in the city and is the largest and highest clock in the world.
The Royal Tower is crowned with a 45-meter spire with a gilded crescent. There are 160 powerful loudspeakers on the spire in eight rows, capable of broadcasting the call to prayer over a distance of more than seven kilometers. The crescent is the largest ever built. Inside, it is divided into several service rooms, among which a small prayer room is the highest in the world. The diameter of the crescent is 23 meters. It is covered with golden mosaic.
5 Guangzhou TV Tower
Guangzhou TV Tower is the second tallest TV tower in the world. Built in 2005-2010 by ARUP for the 2010 Asian Games. The height of the TV tower is 600 meters. Up to a height of 450 meters, the tower was erected in the form of a combination of a hyperboloid bearing mesh shell and a central core.
The mesh shell of the tower is made of steel pipes of large diameter. The tower is crowned with a steel spire 160 meters high. The tower is designed to broadcast TV and radio signals, as well as to view the panorama of Guangzhou and is designed to receive 10,000 tourists a day.
Glazed observation platforms are located at heights of 33, 116, 168 and 449 meters, and an open observation platform is located at a height of 488 meters. Revolving restaurants are located at 418 and 428 meters.
November 5 is the birthday of the Ostankino TV Tower. In 1967, the Act on putting it into operation was signed, and it is from this moment that the official history of the structure is counted. The Birthday Girl is one of the tallest buildings in the world. We decided to remember her and her other highest brothers.
Ostankino tower
The height of the tower is 540 meters. It is the tallest building in Russia. Immediately after its construction, it was the second tallest free-standing structure in the world (after the CN Tower in Toronto, which, I must say, they are similar). The design of the tower was conceived by designer Nikolai Nikitin overnight. An inverted lily served as an image for the future building.
The design of the tower was conceived by designer Nikolai Nikitin overnight.
The tower broadcasts the main TV channels of the country, as well as guided tours. At an altitude of 330 meters there is an observation deck, previously three floors at the same height were occupied by a restaurant, but so far it is still under reconstruction after a fire in 2000.
Burj Khalifa tower
Dubai's Burj Khalifa is today the tallest building in the world. Its height is 898 meters. The grand opening ceremony of the tower took place in 2010. According to the project of the developer, the tower has become a real city within a city. It has its own lawns, boulevards, parks, office space, shopping centers, a hotel (its owner and part-time designer of its design is fashion designer Giorgio Armani), gyms and residential apartments. On the 122nd floor of the tower is the highest located restaurant in the world - "Atmosfera".
The windows of the building do not allow dust and sunlight to pass through, and the air inside is cooled and aromatized.
"Tokyo Sky Tree"
The tower has more than 300 boutiques, restaurants, an aquarium, a planetarium and a theater.
The Tokyo building is the tallest TV tower in the world. Its height is 634 meters. The building is very young. Its construction was completed only in 2012. To protect the tower from earthquakes, the architects have developed a special system that compensates up to 50% of the force of tremors.
The tower has more than 300 boutiques, restaurants, an aquarium, a planetarium and a theater. At heights of 340, 345, 350 and 451 meters there are observation platforms open to the public.
Abraj Al Beit
Abraj Al-Bayt is a whole complex of high-rise buildings built in Mecca. It is the largest building by weight in the world and the second tallest building after the Burj Khalifa and the tallest building in Saudi Arabia. Its height is 601 meters.
The complex includes a hotel that can accommodate up to 100 thousand people, a shopping arcade, parking and residential apartments.
Another highlight of the complex is the highest clock in the world, located 400 meters above the ground.
Guangzhou TV Tower
Guangzhou TV Tower is the second tallest TV tower in the world. It was built in 2010 and is 610 meters high. For the creators, the appearance of the future TV tower was of great importance. As a rule, high-rise buildings are bulky and large-scale objects, but, according to the plan, this building was supposed to have sophisticated forms and symbolize femininity. To give elegance and smoothness to the lines on the outside, the building is enclosed in a metal mesh-frame made of vertical, inclined and horizontal pipes.
Guangzhou TV Tower is the second tallest TV tower in the world.
In addition to its direct duty - television and radio broadcasting - the tower provides an opportunity to admire the panorama of Guangzhou (this can be done both on the upper floors and on the Ferris wheel on the roof) and is designed to receive 10,000 tourists a day.
CN Tower
The height of the tower in Toronto is 553.33 meters (by the way, it is 13 meters higher than the Ostankino TV tower, and the building is almost 2 times higher than the Eiffel Tower). This building is the symbol of the city.
The main function of the CN Tower is television and radio broadcasting. It also houses a restaurant (at an altitude of 351 meters) and viewing platforms. For thrill-seekers, an attraction is offered - Edge Walk: a walk (with insurance) around the observation deck at a height of 356 meters along an open unenclosed cornice about 1.5 meters wide.
World Trade Center - 1,
or Freedom Tower
Today it is the tallest tower in New York.
Five years after the tragic destruction of the World Trade Center buildings in New York, construction began on a new complex near the site where the twin towers were located. In May of this year, the 543-meter-high Freedom Tower was built. Today it is the tallest tower in New York.
According to the project, the lower floors of the building will be occupied by offices, the next will be given to the City Television Alliance, the rest will be restaurants and observation decks. The height of the spire crowning the tower is symbolic - 1776 feet (1776 - the date of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence of the United States).
Construction is developing at a rapid pace in the world. There are so many high-rise buildings (skyscrapers) built in the world, but do not forget about high-rise towers, which are not inferior in height even to the tallest skyscrapers. And it is these structures that will be discussed in this article.
1. Burj Khalifa, Dubai, UAE, 818 m
The United Arab Emirates are trying to catch up and overtake the whole world, building more and more wonders of architecture. Perhaps this is the most ambitious project, the construction of which began in September 2004. The grand opening took place on January 4, 2010. The picturesque place is surrounded by hotels and shopping centers. The building even has its own website, burjkhalifa.ae.
2. Guangzhou Tower, China, 610 m
The next tower, the Guangzhou TV Tower, is currently the tallest tower in the world. It was built in 5 years, for the opening of the Asian Games in 2010. The height of the TV tower is 610 meters. The tower is designed to transmit radio and TV signals, as well as for panoramic views, the observation deck is designed to receive about 10,000 tourists per day.
3. CN Tower, Toronto, Canada, 553 m
Another building that was the leader in height until 2007 is located in the city of Toronto, Canada, and is called the CN Tower. This tower is the symbol of the city and its height is 553.3 meters.
4. Freedom Tower, New York, USA, 541 m
After the sad events in New York on September 11, 2001, the destroyed World Trade Center remained for some time the subject of much discussion, in terms of what should be in its place now. In 2002, after several tenders, a project was selected, which was proposed by Daniel Libeskind and it acquired its final form by 2006. On May 10, 2013 the opening took place. The building was named "World Trade Center 1".
5. TV tower "Ostankino", Moscow, Russia, 540 m
The tallest tower in Russia is located in Moscow, its height is about 540 meters, most likely you have already guessed that its name is Ostankino. The tower is mounted on 10 supports, the so-called legs. Inside there is a restaurant "Seventh Heaven" at an altitude of 328-334 meters. According to the calculations of civil engineers, it is assumed that the Ostankino tower will stand for at least three hundred years. The observation deck is covered with three-layer glass to prevent accidents.
6. Willis Tower, Chicago, Illinois, 527m
Construction work began in 1970 and the opening took place in May 1973 in Chicago. The building with a height of 443 meters contained 110 floors, with a total area of 418 thousand square meters. The building is made of 9 square pipes, which form a square at the base. 104 elevators work here and people get on them to three zones into which this building is divided.
7. Pentominium Tower, Dubai, 516 m
The construction of this facility began in 2011 and is still ongoing. The author of the project, which cost about $400 million, is Andrew Bromberg from Aedas. Construction work is planned to be completed by 2014 and then the skyscraper will be about 516 m in height.
8. Taipei 101, Taiwan, 509 m
Built in 2004 in Taipei and has 101 floors. Taipei is at the top of this list with an elevation of 509 meters. With the completion of the Taipei 101 skyscraper, the twin towers Petronas Towers and Sears Tower moved up to 2, 3 and 4 respectively.
9. Burj Al Alam, Dubai, 501 m
Construction began in 2006 and was due to be completed by 2009. But due to lack of funds, the project was put on hold. The official website of the building was closed and the domain was parked. There is no news yet, but the project promised to be impressive, so it is in our rating.
10. Eiffel Tower, Paris, France, 324 m
We could not fail to mention it, although it has not been the highest for a long time, but at the time of its discovery it was not equal to it all over the world. As you know, it was installed in Paris, France. The Eiffel Tower was built in 1889 for the World's Fair. That year it was the tallest tower on the planet. It was designed by the famous engineer Gustave Eiffel. The Parisians in those days took hostility to the erected structure, calling it an "ugly skeleton", but time goes on and today this "skeleton" is a symbol of Paris and France as a whole.
Source: Santiago Calatrava
While in Baku they are thinking what to do with the empty ones and, in Dubai they continue to break records for high-rise construction. A few days ago, in this city, they began to build the "Tower" according to the project of Santiago Calatrava. It will be ready in 2020, and its height, according to unconfirmed figures, will be 928 meters. That is, it will be 100 meters higher than the Burj Khalifa, the tallest (so far) skyscraper in the world, which, by the way, is also located in Dubai.
The foundation stone of the Tower was laid on 11 October. The ceremony was attended by many dignitaries, including the ruler of Dubai. In the UAE, the future "Tower" is taken very seriously, everyone expects that it will become a source of national pride, increase the prestige of the city and contribute to economic growth.
The shape of the "Tower" is a bit like a minaret - this expresses the synthesis of traditional Islamic culture and modern design. Calatrava himself spoke about this: “The construction of the building is inspired by the Islamic tradition.” He compares it to the Muslim architectural complex of the Alhambra and to the Córdoba Cathedral Mosque: "These architectural marvels combine beauty and elegance with mathematics and geometry." 
Source: Santiago Calatrava
“The design and architectural features of the tower will require unique engineering solutions. Before starting construction, we carried out extensive research, and our experience will be a valuable contribution to the knowledge base of mankind,” said Santiago Calatrava. 
Source: Santiago Calatrava
The tower will have observation decks, cafes, restaurants, venues for various events, a hotel and tourist facilities. But the most important thing is the balconies that will be put forward from the facade of the building.
“The construction of the tower is an important technological achievement. But throughout my career, I have used technology as a means of expressing beauty and art. So this project is also an artistic achievement... It is a symbol of faith in progress.” 
The tallest towers in the world
The Ostankino television tower in Moscow is considered the tallest building in Russia: its height is 54Q, meters. The tower stands on 10 legs, and 3,200 tons of pressure are applied to each. The three-storey restaurant "Seventh Heaven" serves visitors at an altitude of 328-334 meters. It is assumed that the "Needle", as it is called by the people, will stand for at least 300 years. Walking under the supports of the tower is not allowed, it is surrounded by a 180-meter security zone. The observation deck is covered with three-layer tempered glass and therefore cannot serve as a starting point for those who decide to take their own lives.
Guangzhou TV Tower is the tallest TV tower in the world. Built in 2005-2010 by ARUP for the 2010 Asian Games. The height of the TV tower is 610 meters. Up to a height of 450 meters, the tower was erected in the form of a combination of a hyperboloid bearing mesh shell and a central core. The hyperboloid design of the mesh shell of the Guangzhou TV tower corresponds to the patent of 1899 of the Russian engineer V. G. Shukhov. The mesh shell of the tower is made of steel pipes of large diameter. The tower is crowned with a steel spire 160 meters high. The tower is designed to broadcast TV and radio signals, as well as to view the panorama of Guangzhou and is designed to receive 10,000 tourists a day.
CN Tower (eng. CN Tower) - the tallest building in the world from 1976 to 2007. Its height is 553.33 meters. Located in Toronto (Canada, Ontario) and is a symbol of this city. Over 2 million people visit the CN Tower every year. Initially, the abbreviation CN stood for Canadian National (since the building belonged to the Canadian National Railway Company), however, in 1995, the tower was bought by the Canada Lands Company (CLC). Residents of Toronto wished to keep the former name of the TV tower, so now the abbreviation CN officially stands for Canada's National.
The symbol of Paris, the Eiffel Tower, designed by Gustave Eiffel for the World Exhibition in 1889, is the tallest tower built long before the appearance of the first television masts. The weight of the tower is 7224 tons. Construction lasted 2 years 2 months and 2 days and cost 8 million francs. After 20 years, it was decided to dismantle the structure. The invention of radio saved the tower, and the brainchild of the engineer Eiffel received a second birth. Many French people took hostility to the new tower, and the writer Guy de Maupassant hid from the "ugly skeleton" by dining in a restaurant on the tower itself - this was the only place in Paris from where it was not visible. For 111 years of existence, 53 people fell and crashed from it.
10 tallest buildings in the world
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10 tallest buildings in the world
The popular statement - size doesn't matter - certainly does not apply to the height of buildings. Man has not abandoned attempts to reach heaven since biblical times - starting with the construction of the Tower of Babel. The tallest buildings in the world amaze with their grandeur and technical novelty, we invite you to learn more about each of them. We will talk specifically about skyscrapers, this list will not include towers, which will be a separate story
But until the 19th century, increasing the height of buildings meant thickening the walls, which had to support the weight of the structure. The creation of elevators and metal frames for walls freed the hands of architects and engineers, allowing them to design and build taller and taller buildings with more floors. So, the 10 tallest buildings in the world:
№10 Empire State Building, New York, USA
The Empire State Building is America's most famous skyscraper; the Chrysler Building is one of the last skyscrapers built in the Art Deco style; Rockefeller Center is the world's largest private business and entertainment complex, comprising 19 buildings. The observation deck of the center offers stunning panoramic views of Central Park and the Empire State Building.
The Empire State Building is a 102-story skyscraper built in New York City in 1931 by architects R. H. Shreve, W. F. Lamb, and A. L. Harmon. The height of the building without the mast was 381 meters.
During the construction of the building, new technologies in building structures were developed, such as the J. Bogardus cast iron frame metal structure, the E. G. Otis passenger elevator. The skyscraper consists of a foundation, a steel frame of columns and beams above the ground, and curtain walls attached to the beams. In this skyscraper, the main load is carried by the steel frame, not the walls. He transfers this load directly to the foundation. Thanks to this innovation, the weight of the building has significantly decreased and amounted to 365 thousand tons. 5662 cubic meters of limestone and granite were used for the construction of the outer walls. In total, the builders used 60 thousand tons of steel structures, 10 million bricks and 700 kilometers of cable. The building has 6500 windows.
№9 Shun Hing Square, Shenzhen, China
Shun Hing Square in Shenzhen is a 69-story skyscraper, 384 meters high. The building was built in 1996, during the period of the most active economic recovery of the city, which was one of the first to be declared a free trade zone.
This 69-story building was built between 1993 and 1996 and was the tallest building in China until the construction of CITIC Plaza in 1997, with a height of 384 meters. This structure was built at a high pace: up to 4 floors were built in 9 days. It is also the tallest steel building in China. The main premises of the tower are occupied by offices, residential apartments start from the 35th floor, and shopping centers and car parks occupy 5 floors. On the last floors there are viewing platforms "Meridian View Center" - an exhibition hall where the main stages of China's development are shown and from where residents and guests of the city can view Shenzhen through telescopes.
№8 CITIC Plaza Guangzhou, China
Citic Plaza - 80-storey skyscraper, Guangzhou, China The height of the building, including two antenna-like spiers, is 391 m.
CITIC Tower (eng. CITIC Plaza - the building of the International China Trade and Investment Company, CITIC) is an 80-story skyscraper located in Guangzhou, China. The height of the building, including two antenna-like spiers, is 391 m. By the time it was completed (1997), it was the tallest building in the world after New York and Chicago, as well as the tallest building in China and Asia.
As of early 2007, it is the third tallest building in China after Jin Mao in Shanghai and the International Financial Center in Hong Kong, sixth in Asia and seventh in the world.
CITIC Tower is located in Tianhe District and is part of a complex of the same name, which also houses two 38-story residential buildings. Close to the CITIC tower is a new train station and a new subway station, as well as the Tianhe Sports Center, where the sixth national games were held.
Like other high-rise buildings in China, this building has received extensive criticism from the public. Such buildings are government exhibits and this is not profitable for the following reason: The study showed that if the building is higher than 300 meters, then it becomes uneconomical, because operating costs will always exceed profits.
The Chinese government listened to this criticism, but decided to proceed with the construction anyway. Despite public demands to release a statement of profits and operating expenses for the tower, the government continues to refuse to do so, as well as to release a statement of construction costs and measures taken to strengthen the building from possible earthquakes.
№7 "International Finance Center Tower 2",Hong Kong, China
This is the second building of China's "World Financial Center" built in 2003, consists of 88 floors and is 415 meters high. The tower is located on the coastline of Hong Kong Central District and is the main attraction of the island. Forty floors of this building is occupied by the Four Seasons Hotel Hong Kong, the rest of the place is occupied by various shopping centers and offices.
The International Finance Center is a complex commercial building located on the waterfront of Hong Kong's Central District. A significant landmark of Hong Kong Island, it consists of two skyscrapers: the International Financial Center shopping gallery and the 40-story Four Seasons Hotel Hong Kong. Tower 2 is the tallest building in Hong Kong, having usurped the space once occupied by Central Plaza. The complex was built with the support of Sun Hung Kai Properties and MTR Corp. The Hong Kong Airport Express Station is located directly below it. The construction of the first international financial center was completed in 1998, and the opening took place in 1999. The building has 38 floors, 18 high-speed passenger elevators in four zones, its height is 210 m, the total area is 72,850 m. Now the building can accommodate approximately 5,000 people.
№6 Jin Mao Tower, Shanghai, China
The total height of the structure is 421 meters, the number of floors reaches 88 (93 together with the belvedere). The distance from the ground to the roof is 370 meters, and the top floor is at a height of 366 meters! Perhaps, compared to the Emirati (still unfinished) giant Burj Dubai, Jin Mao will seem like a dwarf, but against the background of other buildings in Shanghai, this giant looks impressive. By the way, not far from the Golden Building of Success there is also a skyscraper - the Shanghai World Financial Center (SWFC), which surpassed Jin Mao in height and became the tallest office building in China in 2007. Currently, a 128-story skyscraper is planned to be erected next to Jin Mao and SHVFC, which will become the tallest building in China.
The hotel is famous for being one of the tallest in the world, it is located on the top floors of a skyscraper, which, in turn, is currently the tallest in Shanghai
From the 54th to the 88th floor there is the Hyatt hotel, this is its atrium.
On the 88th floor, at an altitude of 340 meters above the ground, there is an indoor observation deck Skywalk, which can accommodate more than 1000 people at a time. Skywalk area - 1520 sq.m. In addition to the superb view of Shanghai from the observatory, the magnificent atrium of the Shanghai Grand Hyatt Hotel can be seen from above.
№ 5 Fifth place in the list of tallest buildings is "Sears Tower", Chicago, USA
The Sears Tower is a skyscraper located in Chicago, USA. The height of the skyscraper is 443.2 meters, the number of floors is 110. Construction began in August 1970, completed on May 4, 1973. Chief architect Bruce Graham, chief designer Fazlur Khan.
The Sears Tower was built over 30 years ago. In 1974, the skyscraper became the tallest building in the world, surpassing the World Trade Center in New York by 25 meters. For more than two decades, the Sears Tower held the lead and only in 1997 gave way to the Kuala Lumpur "twins" - the Petronas Towers.
Today, the Sears Tower is undoubtedly one of the most magnificent buildings in the world. Until now, this building remains the tallest skyscraper in the United States.
The cost of the Sears tower, 443 meters high, was 150 million dollars - at that time it was quite an impressive amount. Today, the equivalent cost would be almost $1 billion.
The main building material that went into the construction of the Sears Tower was steel.
№ 4 PETRONAS Twins Towers, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
At the end of the 20th century, the highest air bridge in the world was built. At a height of 170 m from the ground, he connected the two highest Petronas towers of that time: 88 floors, 452 meters. This was in 1998.
This high-rise bridge, 58 m long, is a two-story bridge, it weighs 750 tons and contains the latest achievements in engineering. It was created by the South Koreans, Kukdong Engineering & Construction.
88-story skyscraper. Height - 451.9 meters. Located in the Malaysian capital Kuala Lumpur. Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad took part in the design of the skyscraper and proposed to build buildings in the "Islamic" style. Therefore, in terms of the complex, it consists of two eight-pointed stars, and the architect added semicircular ledges for stability.
6 years were allotted for construction (1992-1998). The towers were built by two different companies to increase productivity. It turned out that it was proposed to build on the edge of a fragile stone on the side and limestone on the rest of the territory. As a result, the building was completely transferred to soft ground, shifted by 60 meters, and piles were driven in - the largest concrete foundation in the world.
It differs not only in its colossal size, but also in the complexity of its design. The area of all premises of the building is 213,750 sq.m., which corresponds to the area of 48 football fields. The towers themselves occupy 40 hectares in the city. The Petronas Towers house offices, exhibition and conference rooms, and an art gallery.
The construction of the "Petronas Towers" cost the main customer - the state oil corporation "Petronas" - 2 billion ringgits (800 million dollars). Some of the costs were borne by other Malaysian firms, who shared office space between the two skyscrapers. It is interesting to note that the towers are connected by a covered passage in the form of a bridge.
The skyscraper turned out to be twice as heavy as similar steel ones. Washing 16,000 windows of one tower takes a month. 10,000 people live and work in the towers.
№ 3 Shanghai World Financial Center, Shanghai, China
The Shanghai World Financial Center is one of the tallest buildings in Shanghai, China. Its construction has not yet been completed. There will be office space, a hotel, conference rooms, observation decks and shops on the ground floor. The Park Hyatt Shanghai will have 175 rooms and suites.
On September 14, 2007, the building frame was completed at a height of 494 m, and it became the tallest building in China, including Hong Kong, and the third building in the world.
The construction of the 101-story building, designed by Koch Pedersen Fox, was originally planned in 1997, but work was stopped due to the Asian financial crisis in the late 90s, and some changes were made to the design project later. The construction of the tower was financed by several multinational companies, including Japanese, Chinese and Hong Kong banks, as well as American and European investors who wished to remain anonymous.
The most interesting detail in the design of the building is the window at the top of the building. The original design called for a circular window, 46m in diameter, to reduce wind pressure, and it was also a subtext to the design of the building, as Chinese mythology represents the earth as a square and the sky as a circle. It also resembled a Chinese moon gate. However, the design drew many protests from the Chinese, including the mayor of Shanghai, who thought it looked very much like the rising sun on the flag of Japan. Then Pedersen suggested that there was a bridge in this window at the bottom to make it look less round. On October 18, 2005, a new design was proposed for the Maury Building, and the round window was replaced with a trapezoid window, which also made the project cheaper and much easier to implement.
The observation deck on the 100th floor appeared exactly in the final version of the design project. The roof of the skyscraper is set at a height of 492 m. Before construction on the roof was resumed, the height of the tower was supposed to be 510 m, and then this building would have surpassed Taipei 101, but the height limit was reached, and the maximum remained at around 492 m. Architect William Pedersen and developer Minoru Mori resisted proposals to add a spire to outperform Taipei 101, and perhaps the Freedom Tower, which is referred to as the "broad-shouldered building". When completed, the Shanghai World Financial Center will boast an area of 377,300 square meters, 31 elevators and 33 escalators.
№ 2 Taipei 101. Location: Taipei, Taiwan
The Taiwanese skyscraper Taipei 101, located in the capital of Taiwan - Taipei. Its height is 571 meters.
Construction of the skyscraper began in 1999. The official opening took place on November 17, 2003, and it was put into operation on December 31, 2003. The skyscraper cost $1.7 billion.
This skyscraper houses the world's fastest elevators - they rise at a speed of 63 km / h. From the first floor to the observation deck on the 89th can be reached in 39 seconds.
The building is one of the main symbols of modern Taipei and all of Taiwan. It has 101 overground and 5 underground floors. Its postmodern architectural style combines modern traditions with ancient Chinese architecture. The multi-storey shopping complex in the tower contains hundreds of shops, restaurants and clubs.
You do not need to be an expert in physics and seismology to understand that a structure with a height of 509.2 meters is at a very high risk during an earthquake. That is why Asian engineers at one time decided to secure one of the architectural gems of Taiwan in a rather original way - with the help of a giant ball or stabilizer ball.
The $4 million project, which involves installing a giant 728-tonne ball on top of the skyscraper, has proven to be one of the most exciting engineering experiments of recent times. Suspended on thick cables, the ball plays the role of a stabilizer that allows you to "dampen" the vibrations of the building structure during an earthquake.
№ 1 Burj Dubai, Dubai, UAE
dubai tower- a skyscraper resembling a stalagmite in shape, almost completed and will be ready for occupancy at the end of 2009 in the largest city of the United Arab Emirates - Dubai. Since July 21, 2007 - the tallest building in the world. Since May 19, 2008, it has been the tallest building in the world that has ever existed (before that, the record belonged to the Warsaw radio mast that fell in 1991). The exact final height of the structure is still unknown, and the estimated one is 818 m (with more than 160 floors)
The total construction cost of the structure will be about $4.1 billion. The construction of the skyscraper began in 2004. The average construction time for one floor is three days. The tower and adjacent buildings occupied a plot of land of 200 hectares (it cost the owners of the building $ 20 billion).
The official opening ceremony of the skyscraper was scheduled for September 9, 2009. According to deputy construction director Didier Beausredon, the construction and arrangement of the tower should have been completed on schedule in any case, despite the global financial crisis. Nevertheless, the crisis suspended and pushed back the opening date to the end of 2009.
The tower is equipped with 56 elevators (by the way, the fastest in the world), boutiques, swimming pools, luxury apartments, hotels and observation decks. A distinctive feature of the construction is the international composition of the working team: a South Korean contractor, American architects, Indian builders. Four thousand people took part in the construction.
Records set by the construction of Burj Dubai:
* the building with the most floors - 160 (the previous record was 110 for the Sears Tower skyscrapers and the destroyed twin towers);
* the tallest building - 611.3 m (the previous record was 508 m at the Taipei 101 skyscraper);
* the highest free-standing structure - 611.3 m (previous record - 553.3 m at the CN Tower);
* the highest concrete injection height for buildings - 601.0 m (the previous record was 449.2 m at the Taipei 101 skyscraper);
* the highest concrete injection height for any structure - 601.0 m (the previous record was 532 m at the Riva del Garda hydroelectric power station);
* in 2008, the height of the Burj Dubai exceeded the height of the Warsaw radio tower (646 m), the building became the tallest ground structure in the history of human construction.
* On January 17, 2009, Burj Dubai reached its declared height of 818 m, and became the tallest building in the world.
