Whether fasting counts if you didn't make an intent. Lack of complete ablution during fasting. Fasting times in Islam
With the name of Allah the Merciful, the Merciful
Praise be to Allah - the Lord of the worlds, peace and blessings of Allah be upon our Prophet Muhammad, members of his family and all his companions!
1 question: If a woman cleared her period immediately after the dawn prayer, should she fast on that day? Will the day of fasting be counted?
Answer: If the woman was cleansed after the dawn prayer, then the scientists have two statements on this matter.
a) She needs to keep the rest of the day, and this day will not be counted for her, she will have to make up this day. It is known that this opinion was held by Imam Ahmad, may Allah be pleased with him.
b) She should not keep the rest of the day, as on that day her fast will not be valid. If the post is not valid, then there is no use in it. The correct fast is when a person restrains himself without breaking his fast during the day, in the worship of Allah, Praise be to Him. From dawn to sunset.
The second opinion, as you can see, is a more significant and reliable opinion, which says that a woman is obliged to fast on the day when her cycle began after dawn prayer. But in both opinions it is said that on this day the woman is obliged to make up.
2) Question:If she was cleansed of menstruation and bathed only after the dawn prayer, having performed a prayer, then continued to keep the fast, is it necessary to make up for this day?
Answer: If she was cleansed from menstruation before dawn prayer, even for a moment, making sure that she is clean in the month of Ramadan, then she is obliged to fast, and her fast on that day will be valid. She does not need to make up for anything, since she fasted, being cleansed for fasting. Even if she bathed only after the dawn prayer, then there is nothing embarrassing about this, just as for the guys who were in a state of defilement due to copulation (intimacy with his wife), wet dream (sperm excretion), having bathed only after the dawn prayer, then their post is considered valid. On this occasion, I would like to draw attention to some women who began a cycle after breaking the fast, and who believe that if the cycle began before the night prayer, then their fast is not counted. These words are groundless, which have no basis. If the cycle began only after sunset, then the fast is considered valid.
3) Question: Is it necessary for women in childbirth to fast and pray if she was cleansed before forty days?
Answer: Yes, if a woman in labor is cleansed before 40 forty days, then she needs to fast in the month of Ramadan, also pray, her husband can copulate with her, as she is pure for worship, and to be sexually intimate with her husband. There is nothing to prevent her from fasting, praying, and having intimacy with her husband.
4) Question: If a woman's normal menstrual cycle lasts eight days or seven, then it turns out that the period was delayed beyond the prescribed time, what is the judgment in this matter?
Answer: If a woman’s normal cycle lasts six or seven days, then it drags on longer than expected, then she does not perform prayer until she is cleansed, since the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, did not specify the period for the need to continue the cycle. Allah says: “They ask you about your periods. Say: They cause suffering . If blood remains, then the woman must remain in the position of the cycle until she is cleansed, then bathes, and begins to pray. If the second month has come, less than the previous one (remaining in the cycle), then it should bathe after being cleansed. The main thing is, no matter how long the cycle continues with her, she does not perform prayer, even if he continues to stay with her from the last month.
5) Question: If a woman did not have significant drops of blood on the day of Ramadan (not on the usual days of menstruation), then this continued throughout the month of Ramadan, if she held a fast, would her fast be valid?
Answer: Yes, her post is considered valid, but as for those drops, there is nothing in them, since they are perspiration. As said Ali bin Abi Talib May Allah be pleased with him: "Drips that look like nosebleeds are not periods"
6) Question: If she cleansed herself from menstruation or postpartum cleansing before dawn prayer, and does not bathe only after it, will the fast be valid or not?
Answer: Yes, fasting is valid for a woman who was menstruating if she cleansed herself before dawn prayer, and bathed only after morning prayer. Also for women in childbirth, as they are both allowed for fasting. She is like one who is in defilement when the dawn has already come, and his fast is considered valid. Allah says: “From now on, enter into intimacy with them and strive for what Allah has prescribed for you. Eat and drink until you can tell the white thread of dawn from the black.” . If Allah allowed intimacy with a wife before dawn prayer, then it becomes clear that He allowed bathing after dawn. Aisha narrated that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, woke up demanding a full bath while fasting.
In another tradition from Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, it is said that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, did not bathe only after dawn.
7) Question: If a woman felt her period or felt the pain of the upcoming cycle during fasting, but the blood came out only after sunset, is this day of fasting considered valid, or does she need to make up for it?
Answer: If a woman felt the approach of menstruation or felt pain at the time when she was fasting, but the blood had not yet come out, then fasting on this day is true for her. And she does not need to make up for this day, and she does not lose rewards, The same judgment about women who keep an additional post (nafila).
8) Question: If a woman saw blood, but is not sure that this is menstruation. What is the Sharia judgment of that day?
Answer: The fast of that day is complete, since the main thing is that it should not be menstruation, and until it is clearly known that this is the beginning of the cycle, then the fast is considered valid.
9) Question: Sometimes a woman sees traces of small amounts of blood, or drops at different times of the day. Somehow I saw during the cycle, but the blood did not go, and sometimes you can see it not during the cycle, what is the judgment in these two cases?
Answer: There was already an answer to a similar question. If the release of drops occurs on the days of menstruation, then this is considered a cycle.
10) Question: A woman who is menstruating and giving birth, can they both eat and drink during the day of Ramadan?
Answer: Yes, both of them can eat and drink during the day of Ramadan, but it is better if they do it in secret, especially if they have a child in the house. Since this creates a problem for children (educating children in fasting).
11) Question: Some women who have miscarriages don't know what to do. There are such situations, a miscarriage occurs before the fetus is formed, or a miscarriage occurs after the formation of the fetus, what is the judgment of the day of fasting in which the miscarriage occurred. Is it permissible to fast on the day of the miscarriage?
Answer: If the fetus is not formed, then her blood is not considered postpartum cleansing (nifas), and therefore she can fast and perform prayer, and her fast will be valid. If the fetus is formed, then her blood is considered nifas, and therefore she is not allowed to pray and fast. The rules of this issue, or clarification, if the fetus is formed, then its release of blood is considered postpartum cleansing (nifas). If the fetus is not formed, then the release of blood is not considered postpartum cleansing. If the blood becomes nifas, then everything that is forbidden to women in childbirth is forbidden to her, but if the blood is not nifas, then nothing is forbidden to her in worship (of course, she must take ablution, since everything that comes out of the two channels violates the purification, with the exception of air that comes out of a woman's vagina).
12) Question: If a pregnant woman bleeds on the day of Ramadan, does it affect her fast?
Answer: If the blood of menstruation comes out and the woman fasts, then her fast is broken, because the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: “Does not pray and does not fast, a woman who is menstruating”. It follows that both menstruation and postnatal cleansing break the fast. If the blood of menstruation has gone in a pregnant woman on the day of Ramadan, then this is considered a cycle, as well as in non-pregnant ordinary women, for both of them the same law applies. If it is not the blood of menstruation, then it is not disturbed. It happens in rare cases that women consistently from the moment of conception of the child continue to bleed, that is, their menstruation cycle is not interrupted. Sharia judgment on them, as well as not on pregnant women.
If a woman is sure that this is not menstruation, then her fast and prayer are not violated.
13) Question: If during menstruation a woman saw that she was bleeding, and the next day this bleeding stopped, for a whole day. What should she do in this situation?
Answer: It is clear from your question that this cleansing is related to the cycle and is not considered to be the final cleansing, and therefore you are forbidden everything that is forbidden to women who are menstruating.
14) Question: In the last days of menstruation, before she was cleansed, the woman did not see traces of blood, should she fast this day? If she did not see the white selection, then what should she do?
Answer: If she usually does not have a white discharge at the end of her period, as some women do, then she needs to fast. If a woman usually determines the end of her period by a white discharge, then she does not fast until she sees a white discharge.
15) Question: What is the judgment on those who recite the Qur'an during menstruation, and during postpartum cleansing, considering this as necessary, for example, as a student or teacher?
Answer: There is nothing embarrassing for a woman who is menstruating or giving birth to reciting the Qur'an if it is an urgent need. For example: a woman is a teacher of the Koran, or during her studies in order to study it day or night. But reading the Qur'an, in order to hope to receive a reward, it is better not to read it at this time. Since most scholars believe that a woman who is menstruating is not allowed to read the Qur'an.
16) Question: Should a woman change her things after cleansing, knowing that the blood did not get to the body and did not pollute things?
Answer: There is no such need, since menstruation does not defile the body, and the blood of menstruation pollutes the place where it just got. Therefore, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, ordered women to wash things on which the blood of menstruation (definitely, a woman who has cleared her menstruation is obliged to take a full bath).
17) Question: A woman in labor broke her fast in the month of Ramadan for seven days, and did not make up for these days, so the next Ramadan came, and this month she missed fasting for seven days, having no good reasons for illness, what should she do? I think that the third Ramadan will come. Please explain to us, may Allah reward you!
Answer: If a woman, as you mentioned, is sick and cannot make up for it, then she can fast when she is able to do this, even if the next Ramadan has come. If she has no reason, and she leaves her post through inattention, then she has no right to delay it until the next Ramadan without canonical reasons. Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, told that she had missed days, and that she could not make up for them, only as in the month of Shaaban. This woman does not have the right to delay the fast without any reason, as she commits a sin, for which she needs to repent to Allah, Praise be to Him. And make up for all those days that are listed for her. If things are due to illness, then there is no sin if she is even late for a year or two.
18) Question: Some women enter the second Ramadan without making up for some of the days they missed last Ramadan, what should they do?
Answer: They need to repent to Allah for such an act, since it is not allowed for someone who has debts from the past Ramadan to delay them to the next Ramadan without any reason. Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, told that she had missed days, and that she could not make up for them, only as in the month of Shaaban. This hadeeth indicates the inadmissibility of delaying the time of making up for the missed days until the next Ramadan. She needs to repent to Allah, and after the coming Ramadan, she is obliged to make up for those days that she missed last time.
19) Question: If a pregnant woman sees blood before giving birth a day or two, should she break her fast and prayer?
Answer: If a woman saw blood before childbirth, a day or two, experiencing torment (suffering), then this is considered “nifas”, she is obliged to refrain from fasting and prayer, but if she does not experience difficulties, then this blood is considered dirty, not related to tribal cleansing She must continue to fast and pray.
20) Question: Do you think it's okay to take pills to stop my period so that I can fast with people?
Answer: I warn you against this. Since there is a lot of harm in such pills.
This was confirmed to me by qualified doctors. I would like to remind women that this is written by Allah to the daughters of Adam (peace be upon him), so put up with what the Almighty has ordained for you. Keep fasting when nothing hinders you, but if something makes it difficult for you, then break your fast with what Allah is pleased with and commanded by Allah, Praise be to Him.
21) Question:A woman after two months of postpartum cleansing, after having cleansed herself, finds small drops of blood, should she break her fast and not pray
Answer: Women with menstruation and postpartum cleansing have a sea of problems where things cannot be seen. Often these problems occur due to the use of pills that prevent fertilization and the appearance of menstruation. Previously, people did not face so many problems, although these difficulties have continued since the day of the creation of woman. The basic rule for a woman is that she must clear her menstruation or postpartum cleansing following certain signs, such as the white discharge that some women experience with the end of their cycle. And it is possible that a woman after a cycle has a yellow and cloudy discharge, or a drop, perspiration, all this is not menstruation. She should not interfere with her prayers and fasting. Only women should not rush until they are sure that they are cleansed, as some women, if they see that the blood has dried up, rush to bathe before they are completely cleared of menstruation. When the wives of the Companions showed Aisha the cotton wool with blood, she, may Allah be pleased with her, replied: “do not rush until you see a white discharge.”
22) Question: What is the judgment of taking the taste of food during the day of Ramadan, for a woman who is fasting?
Answer: There is nothing if it requires it, but she is obliged to spit out what she tasted.
23) Question: A woman suffered in an accident, being in the first stage of pregnancy, a miscarriage occurred, accompanied by a hemorrhage, should she break her fast or should she start fasting, if she breaks her fast, will she be sinful?
Answer: Usually, women do not have periods during pregnancy. As said Imam Ahmad May Allah be pleased with him: "Women find out they're pregnant after they stop menstruating."
The creation of menstruation by Allah is wisdom for women, the food of the fetus is what is in the mother's belly, after the mother becomes pregnant, her cycle stops. But some women will continue to menstruate at their due date during pregnancy. A pregnant woman gets her period and it does not affect the fetus, and everything becomes forbidden for her, what is forbidden for women who have a cycle. It may be the second that the blood was caused by an accident, or something fell on her, or she fell on some object or on the ground, then this blood is not considered menstruation, and she is obliged to perform
prayer and fasting. If, after the accident, she had a miscarriage of the resulting fetus, then the blood that comes out of her is considered postpartum cleansing (nifas), and she, in turn, is obliged to refrain from prayer and fasting, and other worship that is forbidden to her. If the fetus was not formed, then this blood is not considered “nifas”, but is considered dirty blood, which does not prevent it from performing worship.
24) Question: A woman asks you a question, since the fast was assigned to her, she has been fasting, only she did not make up for those days that she missed due to menstruation. At the moment, she does not make up the missed days, due to ignorance of the exact number of days. She asks for guidance, how should she be now?
Answer: Unfortunately, this often happens among believing Muslim women.
The reason for leaving those days that need to be replenished is due to ignorance or laziness, in both cases - this is a disaster. Ignorance is conquered by knowledge, and laziness leaves with fear of Allah, fearing Him and His punishment, knowing that Allah is watching them. And strive to do what Allah is pleased with. This woman needs to ask for the forgiveness of the Almighty, and repent to Him. Make up for all the days she missed. We ask Allah that the Creator accept her repentance.
25) Question: I have a mother at the age of 65, of which 19 years she did not have children, and now she has been bleeding continuously for 3 years due to illness. Ramadan is coming soon, what can you advise her what to do?
Answer: A woman who is constantly bleeding should break prayer and fasting for the period of time when she usually had her menstruation before. If earlier her menstruation began at the beginning of the month and lasted six days, now she is obliged to refrain from prayer and fasting at the beginning of the month for six days. Then, after her period of menstruation passes, she is obliged to bathe and stand for prayer, and fast.
How to perform a prayer: If a woman continues to bleed constantly due to an illness, then in this case she needs to completely wash the genitals before each obligatory and additional prayer, and apply a gasket there (everything that will prevent blood from coming out from the inside). Because of these difficulties, she is allowed to combine (combine) the daily prayer of four bows, with the afternoon prayer, which consists of four bows, then the evening prayer of three bows, with the night prayer of four bows (she cannot shorten prayers by two bows, so as not being on the way). Dawn prayer must be performed separately, it is not combined with others, and is not shortened with other prayers. Instead of five, it turns out that by putting them together three times a day, she can do them. (Since this is a benefit given by Allah for the sick). She can also perform additional prayers after each obligatory prayer with one ablution.
And in conclusion, praise be to Allah - the Lord of the worlds!
The material was prepared by the editors of the site
Question: I work the night shift. In the month of Ramadan, before going to bed, I forgot to make an intention to fast. When I woke up, they were already reading the adhan for midday prayer. I was told that now it is too late to make an intention, the time of intention has passed. I thought to myself maybe there is some way out and did not eat, did not drink until the time of breaking the fast. I remained like a fasting person. Should I make up for this day of fasting?
Answer: Fasting without intention is not considered valid. You will have to make up one day of fasting. But in such cases, in order not to interrupt and preserve the begun worship, you can use another decision on this matter, or you can use the decision of the other three madhhabs. According to Imam Zufar, a mujtahid of the Hanafi madhhab, fasting without intention is valid. According to this scholar, if the intention was forgotten or the intention was not made for some other reason, and the fast of this day was not violated by any actions, then it will be considered that the fast was maintained. In such cases, one should act according to the opinion of Imam Zufar.
ONE INTENT FOR THE ENTIRE MONTH
Question: At the beginning of the month of Ramadan, I made the intention to fast for the whole month. Then, during the whole month, he fasted without any other intention. Later, I learned that it turns out that the intention must be done for each day of fasting. Should I make up the fasts for those days for which I did not intend?
Answer: The intention must be made for each day separately, but it is not necessary to say it out loud. For example, the very fact that a person gets up for sahoor (eating before fasting) is already an intention for the fast of the coming day. It will be considered an intention if a person thinks that tomorrow he will fast. A person who went to bed with the intention of waking up for Sahoor, but overslept, will be considered to have made the intention as he had the intention to fast. If there were no such intentions, then you can follow the opinion of Imam Zufar and the post will be counted. According to the Maliki madhhab, it is enough to make one intention at the beginning of the month of Ramadan. A Shafi’i will not need to make up the fasts if he says: “I kept my fast according to the Maliki madhhab”
ABOUT THE FORGOTTEN INTENTION IN THE MAZHAB OF SHAFI'I
Question: Can a Shafi'i make the intention to fast when the sun has risen, if he went to bed without the intention to fast, overslept Sahur, and woke up when the sun had already risen?
Answer: According to the Shafi'i madhhab, the intention must be done before the time of Imsak. If the intention was forgotten, the Shafi'i follow the Hanafi madhhab and keep the fast. In such situations, when there is an obstacle to fasting, you need to find a way out of the situation, using the opinion of the scientists of the four madhhabs and save the worship that has begun.
The month of Ramadan has come, and Muslims, as always, have questions related to fasting in the month of Ramadan. In particular, people who do not comply with all the obligations of Islam and do not abdicate from all its prohibitions are in thought whether to fast or not. For example, people who do not pray, or women who do not cover themselves, commit some obvious sins, such people are faced with the choice of whether they should fast, whether their fast will be valid if they do not observe other religious prescriptions, commit sins and so on. Each of the people who are in a similar situation asks himself this question. Moreover, sometimes practicing but ignorant Muslims say to such people: “Why should you fast if you don’t pray, don’t wear a hijab, your fast will not be accepted.”
Here you need to understand that the duties of Islam are individual in nature, and they do not depend on each other. If a person does not pray and keeps a fast, this does not mean that his fast will not be accepted, the validity of fasting is in no way connected with the validity of prayer. The same is true if a woman does not wear a hijab: this does not mean that the hijab is a condition for the validity of fasting - if she does not wear a hijab and fasts, her fast will be counted. Therefore, those who doubt, need to cast aside doubts and start fasting, so that fasting becomes the reason for the transformation of a person and his change.
This rule is derived from the Qur'an, where Allah Almighty says in Surah Baqarah: “O you who believe! (this is an appeal to every believer - to every person who considers himself a Muslim, even if he does not observe religion). “You are prescribed fasting just as it was prescribed for previous communities.” Fasting is not something unique to Muslims, it was prescribed to the communities of other prophets as a form of worship.
Further, Allah Almighty says: "Perhaps you will be pious" - that is, perhaps this fast, if you observe it properly, will change you - a person who did not pray, if he keeps the fast, this fast will spiritually change him.
Therefore, a person should visit the mosque this month - so that it is not an alien place for a person, so that he knows how to enter there, how to perform namaz - if he does not know how, just watch how other people perform namaz in order to eliminate this alienation of modern man living non-Islamic values from the mosque. And the best time for this is the month of Ramadan. Therefore, one should try to keep the fast in order to see in it not just some kind of custom of the ancestors or a magical ritual that is performed without meaning and understanding. And this is an act that changes our hearts - when we will experience hunger and thirst and will sympathize with people who do not have food, for whom even water is a luxury. And when we experience this state, it should change us and change our sense of life.
The value of this month is enormous. You need to understand that this month has a certain barakat, the mercy of Allah, and this mercy cannot be obtained by fasting at another time. This is the mercy of Allah, which He gives at this particular time. Therefore, Ramadan is the best time to repent of your sins, make taubah and try to change. And if a person does not observe something from the religion, this is the best time to make a dua and ask Allah to give him the courage and strength to observe the religion.
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If, for one reason or another, a person does not have a complete ablution (for example, a wet dream occurred during fasting hours; menstruation ended at night, and the woman did not have time to wash; marital intimacy took place before suhoor or at night, and the husband and wife overslept the morning meal) , and the post has already begun or is still ongoing, this not should worry the believer. Absence of ablution and observance of fasting are in no way connected with each other. The presence of ritual purity is necessary only for the performance of the next obligatory prayer-prayer.
Questions about this also arose during the time of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), people checked with him and his wife, and they repeatedly repeated in response that “the lack of ritual purity (full ablution) does not affect fasting in any way” .
The opinion of the companions and scholars of the first generations is unanimous in that “the absence of a full ablution for one reason or another does not affect the validity of the fast.”
The Qur'anic text points to this, allowing the eating, drinking and sexual relations of the spouses before the dawn, before the adhan for the morning prayer, and therefore it goes without saying that a person may not have time to renew ritual purity before the time of fasting, because it comes with the beginning morning dawn, with azan for morning prayer.
Is fasting considered valid if it is kept after the end of menstruation without performing a full bath (ghusl)? Rimma.
Yes, the post is valid. You can be sure.
After iftar before going to bed, I had intimacy with my wife. As far as I know, this does not break the fast. And I intended to get up at 4 o'clock in the morning for suhoor, and before that, make a full bath. However, I overslept and woke up at 6:10. I decided that even if I overslept, I could still continue fasting, although I had deprived myself of the grace of suhoor, but I was without a full bath. I didn't know what to do and ended up taking a full bath at 7:00. In my heart and mind, I understand that my fast is broken, although I continue to fast. Tell me how can I redeem myself? Damir.
Your post is clearly not violated. This is confirmed in the authentic Sunnah. Rest assured that you have not committed anything sinful.
Is a state of ritual purity, that is, the presence of a ghusl (full ablution) necessary for fasting? For example, if at night it was broken and the husband and wife fell asleep without the ghusl, and woke up after the suhoor, is it possible to keep the fast? The same goes for the regulars: if, at the end of them, the wife did not have time to make a ghusl before the start of the fast and kept fasting the next day, will this day be counted? U.
Your post is clearly not violated, and in both cases.
Is it possible to observe a fast if, for example, after iftar (evening meal) there was marital intimacy, but a full ablution was not performed until the morning or even until the middle of the day? Will such a post be valid? Mahdi.
The absence of a full ablution does not affect the validity of the fast, this is clearly stated in reliable hadiths.
For more information about full and small ablutions, about ritual purity, see my book "Muslim Law 1-2".
For arguments from the Sunnah (St. H. Ahmad, al-Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Dawud, etc.), see, for example: Al-Bukhari M. Sahih al-Bukhari. In 5 vols. T. 2. S. 573, hadiths No. 1930-1932; Abu Dawud S. Sunan abi Dawud [Collection of Hadith of Abu Dawud]. Riyadh: al-Afkyar al-dawliya, 1999, p. 271, hadiths no. 2388 and 2389, both "sahih"; ash-Shawkyani M. Neil al-avtar. In 8 vols. T. 4. S. 227, hadiths No. 1653-1655.
You can find some exceptional opinions, but they are unfounded. For theological details, see, for example: An-Nawawi Ya. Sahih Muslim bi Sharh an-Nawawi [Collection of Hadith of Imam Muslim with comments by Imam an-Nawawi]. At 10 vol., 6 pm Beirut: al-Kutub al-‘ilmiya, [b. G.]. T. 4. Part 7. S. 222, 223; al-‘Askalyani A. Fath al-bari bi sharh sahih al-bukhari. In 18 vols. T. 5. S. 185; ash-Shawkyani M. Neil al-avtar. In 8 vols. T. 4. S. 227, 228.
See, for example: An-Nawawi Ya. Sahih Muslim bi Sharh an-Nawawi. In 10 volumes, 18 hours. T. 4. Part 7. S. 222; al-‘Askalyani A. Fath al-bari bi sharh sahih al-bukhari. In 18 vols. T. 5. S. 180, 181, 184, 185; ash-Shawkyani M. Neil al-avtar. In 8 vols. T. 4. S. 227; Mahmoud A. Fatawa [Fatwas]. In 2 vols. Cairo: al-Ma'arif, [b. G.]. T. 2. S. 48–50.
“It is permitted for you to have intimate relations with spouses at night during fasting days. They [wives] are clothes for you, and you [husbands] are clothes for them. The Almighty knows that you deceived yourselves, and He forgave you, had mercy on you. Now you can have intimacy (have sex with them). Strive for what is prescribed for you. Eat, drink [and have sexual intercourse at will] until you can distinguish the white thread from the black [until the dividing line between the coming day and the leaving night appears on the horizon] at dawn. And then fast until night [before sunset, refraining from eating, drinking and intimate relationships with your spouse (husband)]. And do not have intimate relationships with spouses when you are in mosques in a state i‘tikafa. These are the boundaries outlined by the Almighty, do not approach them [do not cross the prohibitions]. Thus, Allah (God, Lord) reveals signs for people, perhaps they will become pious ”(Holy Quran, 2:187).
« The Almighty knows that you have deceived yourselves". Initially, in the month of fasting, there was a ban on intimate relationships not only during the day, but also partially at night. Subsequently, as the Revelations were sent down, this was cancelled. Some, during the period of the prohibition concerning intimate relationships at night (after sleep), violated it due to their weakness and then repented before the Almighty. He forgave their offense and revoked the ban. For more details, see, for example: Az-Zuhayli V. At-tafsir al-munir. T. 1. S. 515, 522.
I'tikaf- this is the stay of a fasting person in a mosque with the intention to be in it, which is characterized by a special, spiritualized state, aimed at replenishing vital and mental strength. Islamic scholars are unanimous that i‘tikaf in the last ten days of the month of Ramadan for men is sunnah, that is, a desirable action.
See, for example: An-Nawawi Ya. Sahih Muslim bi Sharh an-Nawawi. In 10 volumes, 18 hours. Vol. 4. Part 7. S. 222, 223; al-‘Askalyani A. Fath al-bari bi sharh sahih al-bukhari. In 18 vols. T. 5. S. 186.
According to the authentic word, the intention spoken at the beginning of the night is also sufficient. There are Ulama who say that the intention pronounced in the first half of the night is insufficient, and it is necessary to pronounce it in the second half, explaining this by the fact that the second part of the night is closer directly to fasting. If, after pronouncing the intention at night, before dawn, one performs actions that violate the fast (eating, intimacy with one's wife), this will not damage the fast. If someone fell asleep after pronouncing the intention, then the intention does not need to be renewed, but it is desirable. Falling into unbelief (kufr), (murtadism) spoils the intention. If a person who has fallen into kufr repents before dawn, he needs the intention to renew. The intention uttered at night, during intimacy with his wife, is also sufficient for fasting.
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| How to behave in the month of Ramadan? |
If you forgot to read the intention at night
If someone forgot to pronounce the intention before dawn, then fasting on this day will not be considered. But out of respect for Ramadan on this day, he should not do anything that breaks the fast. For a desired fast, it is enough to say the intention before the lunch of the fast day, since it is not a condition for it to pronounce the intention at night.
Also, with the intention, you can not name the month and day for the sunnat fast (Shawwal, Ashura, Arafah, white days, etc.). It is enough to say “fast tomorrow”, but it is better to name these days. At the same time, if these days you pronounce the intention to observe fasting (reimbursing or other sunnat fasts), then you can get a reward for both fasts.
Persons who missed the fast in the month of Ramadan
1. These are those who do not need to pay kaffarat - fidyah, they only compensate for fasting. This category includes six who must observe imsak: lost consciousness; drunk through his own fault; crazy; missed a post on the way (traveler); a sick person or one who, from hunger, thirst, hard work, or having a baby, or is pregnant and, fearing the difficulties that may befall them during fasting, did not fast, as well as a woman during menstruation and postpartum discharge. This whole category is only obliged to make up for the missed post. All four imams agreed that if a person on the road breaks the fast at will by eating or drinking water, then he must compensate this day and observe imsak for the rest of the day. Moreover, Imams Abu Hanifa and Malik say that he must pay kaffarat.
According to the madhhab of Imam Ahmad, kaffarat is not imposed on this, according to the most reliable word of Imam al-Shafi'i, they are not imposed either. The imams also agreed that one fast that was missed at will must be made up for with one fast. Rabia said that twelve days should be reimbursed, Ibnu Musai said that a month is reimbursed for each day, Nahai says that a thousand days should be reimbursed, and Ibnu Masud said that by compensating all life, one cannot make up for the missed fast in the month of Ramadan;
2. Those who pay only fidyah, i.e., do not have to compensate fasting. These are old people unable to fast; hopelessly ill (this is determined by the conclusion of one or two God-fearing doctors). Inability to fast is determined by a strong unusual difficulty that will overtake a person with fasting or an illness that allows you to perform tayammum. They must be incapable of everything.