The dagger armament system on the ships of the Russian Federation. Hypersonic aviation missile system "Dagger. Photo SAM Dagger

History of creation

In the 80s, in the NPO "Altair" under the leadership of S.A. Fadeev, the Kinzhal short-range defense air defense system was created.

The Kinzhal air defense system is a multi-channel, all-under, autonomous system capable of repelling a massive raid of low-flying anti-ship, anti-radar missiles, guided and unguided bombs, aircraft, helicopters, etc.

"Dagger" can simultaneously fire at up to four targets in a spatial sector of 60 degrees. at 60 degrees, while simultaneously aiming up to 8 missiles.

The reaction time of the complex is from 8 to 24 seconds, depending on the mode of the radar.

The combat capabilities of the "Dagger" in comparison with the "Osa-M" air defense system are increased by 5-6 times.

In addition to missiles, the Kinzhal complex can control the fire of 30-mm AK-360M assault rifles, completing the firing of surviving targets at a distance of up to 200 meters.

The complex uses a remote-controlled anti-aircraft missile 9M330-2, unified with the rocket of the land complex "Tor". The launch of the missile defense system is vertical under the action of a catapult with a further declination of the rocket by a gas-dynamic system towards the target. The engine is started at a safe altitude for the ship after the rocket is declining.

Undermining the warhead is carried out directly at the command of a pulsed radio fuse in the immediate vicinity of the target. The radio fuse is noise-immune and adapts when approaching the water surface. Warhead - high-explosive fragmentation type. Missiles are placed in transport and launch containers (TLC). Rockets do not need to be tested for 10 years.

The launchers of the Kinzhal complex were developed by the Start design bureau under the leadership of the chief designer A.I. Yaskin. The underdeck launcher consists of 3-4 drum-type launchers, each with 8 TPKs with missiles. The weight of the module without missiles is 41.5 tons, the occupied area is 113 sq. m. Calculation of the complex 8 people.

The tests were difficult and with the failure of all deadlines. So, for example, it was supposed to arm the Novorossiysk aircraft carrier with the Kinzhal, but it was put into service with holes for the Kinzhal. On the first ships of project 1155, the complex was installed one instead of the prescribed two.

And finally, in 1989, the Kinzhal air defense system was officially adopted by large anti-submarine ships, pr. 1155, on which 8 modules of 8 missiles were installed.

Currently, the Kinzhal air defense system is in service with the heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser Admiral Kuznetsov, the nuclear-powered missile cruiser Peter the Great (project 1144.4), large anti-submarine ships pr.1155, 11551 and the latest patrol ships of the Neustrashimy type.

The air defense complex "Dagger" is offered to foreign buyers under the name "Blade".

Developers

Complex as a whole - NPO "Altair"

ZUR - MKB "Fakel"

The main characteristics of the complex

Target engagement range, km
1,5 - 12

when connecting a 30 mm gun mount

from 200 m

Height of hitting targets, m
10 - 6000

Target speed, m/s
up to 700

Number of simultaneously fired targets
The number of simultaneously induced missiles
SAM guidance method
telecontrol

Target detection range at an altitude of 3.5 km from own detection tools, km
Basic mode of operation

Information sources

Military parade

A. Shirokorad "Rockets over the sea", magazine "Technique and Weapons" No. 5, 1996

Petrov A. M., Aseev D. A., Vasiliev E. M. et al. "Weapons of the Russian Navy 1696-1996." St. Petersburg: Shipbuilding

A.V. Karpenko "Russian missile weapons 1943-1993". St. Petersburg, "PIKA", 1993

Anti-aircraft missile system "Dagger" - This is a multi-channel, all-under, autonomous short-range anti-aircraft missile system capable of repelling a massive raid of low-flying anti-ship, anti-radar missiles, guided and unguided bombs, aircraft, helicopters, etc.

The lead developer of the complex is NPO Altair (chief designer - S. A. Fadeev), anti-aircraft missile - MKB Fakel.

Ship tests of the complex were launched in 1982 on the Black Sea on a small anti-submarine ship pr. 1124. In the course of demonstration firing in the spring of 1986, 4 P-35 cruise missiles were launched at the MPK from coastal installations. All P-35s were shot down by 4 Kinzhal missiles. The tests were difficult and with the failure of all deadlines. So, for example, it was supposed to arm the Novorossiysk aircraft carrier with the Kinzhal, but it was put into service with holes for the Kinzhal. On the first ships of project 1155, the complex was installed one instead of the prescribed two.

Only in 1989, the Kinzhal air defense system was officially adopted by large anti-submarine ships, pr. 1155, on which 8 modules of 8 missiles were installed.

The Kinzhal air defense system is offered to foreign buyers under the name Blade.

In the west, the complex received the designation SA-N-9 GAUNTLET.

The complex uses a 9M330-2 remote-controlled anti-aircraft missile, unified with the rocket of the Tor land complex, or the 9M331 ZUR of the Tor-M complex. 9M330-2 is made according to the "duck" aerodynamic scheme and uses a freely rotating wing unit. Its wings are folding, which made it possible to place the 9M330 in an extremely "compressed" square-section TPK. The launch of the missile defense system is vertical under the action of a catapult with further declination of the rocket by a gas-dynamic system, with the help of which in less than one second, in the process of rising to the launch altitude of the sustainer engine, the rocket turns towards the target.

Undermining the warhead of a high-explosive fragmentation type is carried out at the command of a pulsed radio fuse in the immediate vicinity of the target. The radio fuse is noise-immune and adapts when approaching the water surface. The missiles are placed in transport and launch containers and do not need to be checked for 10 years.

The Kinzhal air defense system is equipped with its own radar detection tools (K-12-1 module), which provide the complex with complete independence and prompt action in the most difficult environment. The multi-channel basis of the complex is phased antenna arrays with electronic beam control and a fast-operating computer complex. The main mode of operation of the complex is automatic (without the participation of personnel), based on the principles of "artificial intelligence".

The television-optical target detection tools built into the antenna post not only increase its noise immunity under conditions of intense radio countermeasures, but also allow personnel to visually assess the nature of tracking and hitting targets. The radar facilities of the complex were developed at the Kvant Research Institute under the leadership of V. I. Guz and provide a range of detection of air targets of 45 km at an altitude of 3.5 km.

"Dagger" can simultaneously fire at up to four targets in a spatial sector of 60 ° by 60 °, while simultaneously guiding up to 8 missiles. The reaction time of the complex is from 8 to 24 seconds, depending on the mode of the radar. In addition to missiles, the fire control system of the Kinzhal complex can control the fire of 30-mm AK-360M assault rifles, firing at surviving targets at a distance of up to 200 meters.

The 4S95 launcher of the Kinzhal complex was developed by the Start Design Bureau under the leadership of Chief Designer A. I. Yaskin. Underdeck launcher consists of 3–4 drum-type launchers, each with 8 TPKs with missiles. The weight of the module without missiles is 41.5 tons, the occupied area is 113 sq. m.

In the 80s, at the NPO Altair, under the leadership of S.A. Fadeev, the Kinzhal short-range defense system was created. Anti-aircraft guided missiles for the complex were developed by the Fakel Design Bureau.

Ship tests of the complex were launched in 1982 on the Black Sea on a small anti-submarine ship pr.1124. During demonstration firing in the spring of 1986, 4 P-35 cruise missiles were launched from coastal installations at the MPK. All P-35s were shot down by 4 Kinzhal missiles. The tests were difficult and the timing of the adoption of the complex had to be periodically pushed back, and for a long time the industry was establishing the serial production of "Daggers". As a result, a number of Navy ships had to be taken unarmed. So, for example, it was supposed to arm the Novorossiysk aircraft carrier with the Kinzhal, but it was put into service with reserved volumes for the Kinzhal. On the first ships of project 1155, the complex was installed one instead of the prescribed two. And only in 1989, the Kinzhal air defense system was officially adopted.

The Kinzhal air defense system is a multi-channel, all-weather, autonomous system capable of repelling a massive raid of low-flying anti-ship, anti-radar missiles, guided and unguided bombs, aircraft, helicopters, etc. In the "Dagger" air defense system, the principal circuit solutions of the S-300F "Fort" air defense system were used - the presence of a multifunctional radar, the launch of a missile defense system from a TPK to a drum-type air launcher. The complex can receive target designation from any ship-based CC detection radar.

The complex is equipped with its own radar detection equipment (module K-12-1), which provides the complex with complete independence and prompt action in the most difficult environment. The multichannel complex is based on phased antenna arrays with electronic beam control and a high-speed computing complex. The target detection radar has a range of up to 45 km and operates in the K (X,1) range. A distinctive feature of the radar transmitter of the complex is its alternate operation in the target and missile channels. Depending on the operating mode, the frequency of sendings and the duration of the pulses change. AP radar "Dagger" - combined, as in the air defense system "Osa-M": the antenna of the radar detection of the CC is combined with the AP of the firing stations and is a phased array. The main headlight provides additional search and tracking of targets and guidance of missiles on them, the other two are designed to capture the response signal of a launched missile and bring it to a marching trajectory. With the help of its digital computer complex, the Kinzhal air defense system can operate in various modes, incl. in fully automatic mode: taking a target for tracking, generating data for firing, launching and guiding missiles, evaluating the results of firing and transferring fire to other targets. The main mode of operation of the complex is automatic (without the participation of personnel), based on the principles of "artificial intelligence". The television-optical target detection tools built into the antenna post not only increase its noise immunity under conditions of intense radio countermeasures, but also allow personnel to visually assess the nature of tracking and hitting targets. The radar facilities of the complex were developed at the Kvant Research Institute under the guidance of V.I. Guzya and provide a range of detection of air targets of 45 km at an altitude of 3.5 km.

"Dagger" can simultaneously fire at up to four targets in a spatial sector of 60 degrees. at 60 degrees, while simultaneously guiding up to 8 missiles. The reaction time of the complex is from 8 to 24 seconds, depending on the mode of the radar. The combat capabilities of the "Dagger" in comparison with the "Osa-M" air defense system are increased by 5-6 times. In addition to missiles, the Kinzhal complex can control the fire of 30-mm AK-360M assault rifles, completing the firing of surviving targets at a distance of up to 200 meters.

The complex uses a remote-controlled anti-aircraft missile 9M330-2, unified with the rocket of the land complex "Tor". The rocket was developed at the Fakel Design Bureau under the direction of P.D. Grushin. It is single-stage with a dual-mode solid propellant engine. The missiles are placed in transport and launch containers (TLC), which ensures their safety, constant combat readiness, ease of transportation and safety when loaded into the launcher. Missiles do not need to be tested for 10 years. 9M330 is made according to the "duck" aerodynamic scheme and uses a freely rotating wing unit. Its wings are folding, which made it possible to place the 9M330 in an extremely "compressed" square-section TPK. The launch of the SAM is vertical with the help of a catapult with a further declination of the rocket by the gas-dynamic system on the target. Missiles can be launched on roll up to 20 degrees. The engine is started at a safe altitude for the ship after the rocket is declining. Guidance of missiles at the target is carried out by telecontrol. Undermining the warhead is carried out directly at the command of a pulsed radio fuse in the immediate vicinity of the target. The radio fuse is noise-immune and adapts when approaching the water surface. Warhead - high-explosive fragmentation type.

Currently, the Kinzhal air defense system is in service with the heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser Admiral Kuznetsov, nuclear missile cruisers pr. 1144.2 Orlan, large anti-submarine ships pr. ship "Fearless" pr.11540 "Hawk". At the moment, the Kinzhal anti-aircraft missile system is the best medium-range ship-based air defense system in the world.

Anti-aircraft missile system "Dagger"- Anti-aircraft missile system "Dagger" In the 80s, in the NPO "Altair" under the leadership of S. A. Fadeev, an anti-aircraft missile system of short-range defense "Dagger" (pseudonym "Blade") was created. The basis of multichannel ... ... Military Encyclopedia

Anti-aircraft missile system M-22 "Uragan"- Anti-aircraft missile system M 22 "Uragan" Shipborne universal multi-channel anti-aircraft missile system of medium range "Uragan" was developed by NPO "Altair" (chief designer G. N. Volgin). Later the complex… Military Encyclopedia

Long-range anti-aircraft missile system S-300M "Fort"- Long-range anti-aircraft missile system C 300M "Fort" 1984 In 1969, the concept and program for the development of air defense systems with a firing range of up to 75 km for the air defense forces and the Navy was adopted. Cooperation between enterprises developing air defense systems in the interests of the troops ... Military Encyclopedia

Short-range anti-aircraft missile system "Osa-M"- Short-range anti-aircraft missile system "Osa M" 1973 On October 27, 1960, Decree CM No. 1157-487 was adopted on the development of anti-aircraft missile systems "Osa" and "Osa M" for the Soviet army and Navy ... ... Military Encyclopedia

Anti-aircraft missile system 9K331 "Tor-M1"- Anti-aircraft missile system 9K331 "Tor M1" 1991 SAM 9K331 "Tor M1" is designed for air defense of motorized rifle and tank divisions in all types of combat operations from strikes of high-precision weapons, guided and ... ... Military Encyclopedia

Mobile rocket launcher of the Patriot complex for 4 missiles Anti-aircraft missile system (SAM) is a set of functionally related combat and technical means that provide solving problems in combating air defense systems ... Wikipedia

This term has other meanings, see Thor ... Wikipedia

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On the first day of spring, Russian President Vladimir Putin addressed the Federal Assembly with his annual message. The head of state spoke about recent successes and set new tasks. In addition, he touched upon the topic of strategic weapons designed to ensure the country's security. New systems in the future will receive all major branches of the armed forces, including combat aircraft. Together with existing aircraft, it is proposed to use the Kinzhal aviation missile system.

The story about the new weapon for the aerospace forces V. Putin began with a reminder of the current trends in the field of aerospace technology. Now leading countries with great scientific potential and modern technologies are developing the so-called. hypersonic weapons. Then the president gave a short "lecture" on physics and aerodynamics. He pointed out that the speed of sound is traditionally measured in mach, a unit named after the Austrian physicist Ernst Mach. At an altitude of 11 km, Mach 1 equals 1062 km/h. Speed from M=1 to M=5 is considered supersonic, more than M=5 - hypersonic.

Weapons with hypersonic flight speed give the armed forces the most serious advantages over the enemy. Such weapons can be highly powerful, and high speed protects them from interception by air or missile defense. Interceptors simply cannot catch up with the attacking product. As the president stated, it is understandable why the world's leading countries are striving to acquire such weapons. And Russia already has such funds.

V. Putin called the development of a high-precision aviation missile system, which, allegedly, has no analogues in foreign countries, the most important stage in the creation of modern weapons. Tests of this system have already been completed. Moreover, since December 1, the new complex has been used in the order of experimental combat duty at the airfields of the Southern Military District.

MiG-31BM takes off with a Kinzhal missile

According to V. Putin, a rocket with the help of a high-speed carrier aircraft should reach the launch site in a matter of minutes. After being dropped, the rocket develops a speed ten times the speed of sound. Throughout the trajectory, despite the high speed, the product is able to perform maneuvers. The ability to change the flight path allows you to protect the missile from enemy defenses. According to the president, the new missile is guaranteed to overcome modern and, possibly, advanced air defense and missile defense systems. A hypersonic missile is capable of flying at a range of up to 2,000 km and delivering a conventional or nuclear warhead to the target.

Unlike some other promising developments presented last week, the aviation missile system has already received its own name. It was designated as "Dagger". Other names and designations, such as the GRAU index, the working code of the project, etc. the President did not.

As in the case of other latest weapons, the president's words were followed by a demonstration video showing the most interesting footage from the tests of a promising missile system. Video filming most clearly confirms V. Putin's statements about the testing. Some of the stages of one of the test launches, filmed by military operators, were allowed to be used in a video for showing to the general public.

The plane before the missile drop

The video begins with shots of the MiG-31BM fighter-interceptor taking off. Already during the takeoff, it is clear that not the usual and standard ammunition load is suspended under the bottom of its fuselage, but some kind of new weapon. The interceptor lifts a large and massive new type of missile into the air. Part of the further flight with access to the launch point, however, was shown using simplified computer graphics. But then again there was a video recording of real tests with a real rocket launch.

Being on a given course and maintaining a certain height and speed, the carrier aircraft dropped the Kinzhal missile. In free flight, she "failed" in height, after which she dropped the tail fairing and started the sustainer engine. The flight of the rocket was again not shown in the form of documentary footage and was depicted schematically. In the next episode, the computer model of the aircraft dropped an animated missile, and it headed towards the mock enemy ship along a ballistic trajectory. It is worth noting that the painted target ship had a recognizable appearance and looked like some kind of real sample.

Product X-47M2 separated

The last stages of the missile's flight, entering the target area, and then pointing at it, were shown using graphics. Moreover, this time the “camera” was located directly on board the rocket. The product headed for the enemy ship, went into a dive, and then the video signal, as expected, disappeared. However, in the video they showed the defeat of the target, although it was different. The ammunition fell on the land fortification and blew it up. The carrier aircraft MiG-31BM, in turn, returned to the airfield and landed.

Shortly after the end of the president's speech, new information about the Dagger project appeared. So, the Russian press gave the second designation of the new missile - X-47M2. The Commander of the Aerospace Forces, Colonel General Sergei Surovikin, indicated that the new missile belongs to the class of hypersonic aeroballistic weapons. According to him, state tests of the new complex have already been carried out at the training grounds of the Ministry of Defense. During the checks, he fully confirmed his effectiveness. All missile launches ended with the exact defeat of the intended targets.

The Commander-in-Chief of the Aerospace Forces also revealed some details of the combat work of the Kinzhal product. So, in the final ballistic phase of the flight, the rocket uses an all-weather homing head. This makes it possible to use the missile at any time of the day with the required accuracy and selectivity of hitting the target. The maximum speed of a rocket in flight is 10 times the speed of sound. The firing range, as confirmed by the commander-in-chief, reaches 2 thousand km.

Resetting the tail fairing

Thus, in the interests of the Aerospace Forces, the latest aeroballistic missile was developed, suitable for the destruction of various ground or surface objects. The Kh-47M2 "Dagger" product can carry both a conventional and a special warhead, which expands the range of tasks to be solved. MiG-31 interceptors of the latest BM modification are now used as carriers.

One of the most interesting features of the Kinzhal project is the choice of carrier aircraft. They decided to use the air-to-surface missile with a fighter, the basis of whose weapons are air-to-air products. The reasons for this are obvious. The maximum speed of the MiG-31BM aircraft at an altitude reaches 3400 km/h, which allows it to reach the launch point in the shortest possible time. In addition, the high speed of the launch vehicle during a missile drop allows you to get some advantages. At the moment of release, the rocket already has a high initial speed, and therefore the energy of its engine is spent only on subsequent acceleration with access to a quasi-ballistic trajectory.

Engine starting

Thus, the potential of the rocket, provided by hypersonic flight speed, is not reduced due to insufficient parameters of the carrier. From the point of view of flight speed, preliminary acceleration of the rocket and the speed of solving combat missions, the MiG-31BM is the most successful platform.

The X-47M2 product has very simple shapes and outlines. The rocket received a conical nose fairing, which accounts for about half the length of the product. The second half of the body is formed by a cylindrical section, equipped with X-shaped planes in the tail section. A smooth tail section of the hull for the duration of the flight under the aircraft is equipped with a drop fairing having the shape of a truncated cone. Exact information about the design of the product has not yet been given, but now we can say that it is equipped with a solid propellant propulsion engine. The type of homing head is unknown.

It should be noted that the new aircraft missile looks very similar to the ballistic ammunition of the Iskander operational-tactical complex. In the past, there were rumors at various levels about the possible creation of an aviation modification of this system, but they still have not received official confirmation. The characteristic exterior of the newest Kinzhal missile can serve as a kind of confirmation of the rumors of the recent past. At the same time, similarities can only be associated with similar technical requirements and tactical roles.

The rocket headed towards the target

It is alleged that the Kinzhal missile belongs to the aeroballistic class. This means that the product is dropped from the carrier aircraft, after which it turns on the engine and with its help enters the ascending trajectory. Further, the flight is almost the same as in the case of other ballistic missiles. The difference between the X-47M2 and other systems is due to the use of a homing head. Instruments, the type of which has not yet been specified, are used to detect the target and correct the missile's course at all stages of flight, including the descending part of the ballistic trajectory. In the latter case, the most accurate hit on the specified target is ensured.

The promising Kinzhal, like the already well-known Iskander, has characteristic capabilities: the missiles of both complexes are capable of maneuvering along the trajectory. Because of this, enemy anti-missile systems lose the ability to timely calculate the trajectory of an incoming missile and correctly intercept. On the descending section of the trajectory, the rocket develops a maximum speed, up to M=10, which drastically reduces the allowable reaction time. As a result, the Kinzhal system is really capable of showing the highest combat performance and breaking through the existing air and missile defense system.

Demonstration of flight trajectory principles

First, Vladimir Putin, and then Sergey Surovikin spoke about recent work within the framework of the project with the cipher “Dagger”. Not later than the autumn of last year, the industry and the Ministry of Defense conducted all the necessary tests of the latest missile, and also completed its fine-tuning. Already on December 1, an order appeared to take the new missile into experimental combat operation. The X-47M2 product is operated as part of a full-fledged complex, which also includes the MiG-31BM carrier aircraft. So far, only aviation units from the Southern Military District have new weapons.

Apparently, in the foreseeable future, the armed forces will complete the trial operation of the latest weapons, and soon after that the Dagger complex will receive a recommendation for adoption. The result of this will be the re-equipment of aviation units, accompanied by a significant increase in the strike potential of tactical aviation.

The rocket falls on the target

It should be recalled that at the moment, only air-to-surface systems with a launch range of tens or hundreds of kilometers are at the disposal of Russian tactical aviation. Products capable of flying thousands of kilometers are in service only in strategic aviation. The Kinzhal missile system with a launch range of up to 2,000 km will actually occupy an intermediate position between purely tactical and exclusively strategic weapons. With its help, it will be possible to strike as quickly as possible at enemy targets at operational-strategic depths.

Greater flexibility of use will be provided by the existence of special and non-nuclear warheads. Depending on the task and the type of object being attacked, it will be possible to choose one or another warhead. Thus, the combat qualities of the X-47M2 missile will fully correspond to its "intermediate" position. Tactical aviation, in turn, will bring its capabilities closer to strategic ones.

All promising models of strategic weapons presented by Vladimir Putin last Thursday were created in the interests of nuclear forces and in order to ensure the deterrence of a potential adversary. The Kinzhal aviation missile system is fully consistent with such tasks, although it turns out to be more flexible and versatile in comparison with other systems. Depending on the situation in the theater of operations, it can become a means of a powerful strike by tactical aviation forces or solve tasks inherent in strategic complexes.

The Kinzhal missile system has already passed almost all stages of inspections, including state tests. According to the results of development work, he was put on experimental combat duty in parts of the Aerospace Forces. Thus, the armed forces have already received one of the latest strike weapons and are now mastering it. In the foreseeable future, upon completion of all the required checks and trial operation, the new missile will be put into service and will go to the warehouses of parts. The potential of the Aerospace Forces will grow noticeably, and with it the country's defense capability will improve.

Target engagement range, km	1,5 - 12
when connecting a 30 mm gun mount	from 200 m
Height of hitting targets, m	10 - 6000
Target speed, m/s	up to 700
Number of simultaneously fired targets
The number of simultaneously induced missiles
SAM guidance method	telecontrol
Target detection range at an altitude of 3.5 km from own detection tools, km
Basic mode of operation