Social conflict and ways to resolve it briefly. social conflict. Causes, types and examples of social conflicts. Why conflicts arise

The word "conflict" gives us an unpleasant feeling of anxiety. Nobody likes it. Meanwhile, conflict is a natural form of human relations. It should not be feared, but one must know its nature and methods of resolution.

Conflicts between personalities

Interesting Facts
It has been established that 80% of conflicts arise apart from the desire of their participants.
Few people approve of conflicts, but almost everyone participates in them.

Most conflicts occur in the area of interpersonal relationships.

Interpersonal conflicts - what a true phrase! A clash between teenagers is a conflict between two personalities, independent mature beings with a rich inner world and understanding what responsibility for their actions is. This is why interpersonal conflicts are so difficult.

They should also be called interpersonal because from a dispute over things and objects, teenage conflicts easily turn into personalities: you took my fountain pen without asking, which means you are a thief. An innocent misdemeanor quickly turns into an accusation and, as a result, humiliation of the accused. Teenagers are categorical in their judgments.

Such conflicts are more difficult to resolve than business ones, because they affect the very depths of the human personality - our moral convictions and principles.

The conflicts in which the fifth grader participates are divided into two types:

intergenerational - conflicts between adults (teacher, parents, neighbors) and children;
intragenerational - conflicts between peers.

What are the causes of your intra-generational conflicts?

An adult and a child have different statuses. The superior status of adults often pushes them to resolve conflict from a position of superiority. An adult tries with all his might to assure the child that he is right, instead of recognizing the possibility of the existence of different views. The superiority of adults in their status forces the teenager to take either a defensive (justified) or an aggressive position.

Conflicting children have the same status. The equal status of arguing or quarreling peers forces them not to give in to each other for a long time, to "swing" their rights.

Each of the participants in the interpersonal conflict is convinced that he is right. But an adult believes that the child must definitely give in, and hopes to win, and the teenager in an unequal duel simply expresses his feelings.

Is it any wonder that most adolescents are convinced of the impossibility of being understood by adults. But it's not!

Why conflicts arise

Since teenagers have not yet learned to restrain and control themselves, any trifle can serve as a cause of conflict: refusal to let homework be copied, a classmate’s sideways glance or an offensive word, one’s own appearance, an unfair assessment of a teacher, parents’ inattention, a bad mood, etc.

In fact, this is not a reason, but a reason for conflict, i.e. something less significant. And the real reasons lie in the features of growing up and the associated complexes.

One of the most common causes of teenage complexes is the dissatisfaction of a boy or girl with their appearance. With equal success, the cause of complexes can be short stature, overweight, the need to wear glasses, etc.

The reason for the conflict can be very minor (and sometimes imaginary) defects in appearance. Then an innocent joke heard by a teenager in his address from his parents or peers is the reason for aggression.

At school, conflicts arise between the student and the teacher, between teachers, teachers and the administration. Conflicts between teenagers within the school are most often based on emotions and personal dislikes.

The most common among students are leadership conflicts, which reflect the struggle of two or three leaders and their groups for primacy in the class. In the middle classes, a group of guys and a group of girls often clash.

Conflicts between teenagers and parents are typical, which we have already discussed in the previous paragraphs.

Ways to resolve conflicts

Staying at home, children copy their parents. Getting to school, they learn to resolve school conflicts primarily from teachers, sometimes imitating them to the smallest detail. In elementary school, a teacher is an authority for most children, and that is why his behavior is a model for children to follow.

The most productive method is considered to be a democratic method of conflict resolution - a joint discussion with the participants of its causes, interests of the parties and ways to resolve the contradiction.

Practice shows that most often business conflicts are resolved through cooperation or compromise, personal conflicts - avoidance or concession.

Particularly successful is the involvement of a mediator in the conflict. Only a person who enjoys authority on both sides, is not emotionally involved in the conflict and is not interested in anyone's victory is suitable for this role. In addition, he must be wise and experienced enough in solving such issues, otherwise he will only aggravate the situation, bring it to an insoluble end.

Additional reading
To reduce the number of conflicts, parents should clearly know the requirements of the school, and students - the rules of their behavior.
Before reacting to the actions of another person, it is necessary to find out why he acts this way and not otherwise.

What useful conflict prevention tips did you learn from this text?

Interpersonal conflicts, on the one hand, sow irritation and hostility in our souls, a desire to harm another, create a tense situation around ourselves and cause stress. On the other hand, conflict trains our feelings and thinking. It defuses a tense atmosphere, teaches to find a compromise - to make mutual concessions - limiting one's own ambitions, and contributes to the development of mutual understanding between teenagers. To go to reconciliation is worth a lot. That is why conflict trains willpower, the ability to understand the views and feelings of other people.

You need to learn from childhood the ability to admit your mistakes and ask for forgiveness. Reconciliation will be more sincere if you invite the conflicting people to hug each other, to seal the world with a handshake.

The main benefit of participating in interpersonal conflicts is to learn how to prevent them in the future. Remember: conflicts are easier to prevent than to resolve.

Summing up
Interpersonal conflicts have a dual meaning: they create a tense situation and cause stress, but they also teach people to understand each other, to find a compromise. In any situation, you need to try better not to bring relations to a conflict and remember the main thing - in all conflicts, you must be able to admit your mistakes, ask for forgiveness.

Basic terms and concepts
Conflict, compromise.

Test your knowledge

Explain what causes interpersonal conflicts.
Around which aspects of school life do conflicts most often arise?
What is conflict mediation?
What is disobedience to the requirements of parents or teachers - the cause, cause or beginning of the conflict?
Conflicts between students negatively affect both the conflicting students themselves and the entire class. Explain why.

Workshop

Write down as many arguments as you can in your notebooks: "Conflict is bad because..." and "Conflict is good because...".
If you have conflict resolution experience, describe it in a few sentences.
Give examples of conflicts and ways to resolve them from the history of the Ancient World.

An integral part of public life are conflicts, the emergence of which is facilitated by the existing socio-economic, political, cultural contradictions.

The high susceptibility of society to conflicts contributed to the emergence of a special branch of scientific knowledge - conflictology.

Word conflict(from lat. conflictus) means a collision. Conflict is understood as a clash of opposing goals, positions, opinions and views of opponents or subjects of interaction, a struggle between people or groups.

Conflicts can take many forms - from a simple quarrel between two people to major military clashes.

All conflicts are caused by specific reasons, among which are: the presence of opposite value orientations, life attitudes; ideological and other disagreements; presence of social inequality.

No conflict arises instantly, its occurrence is preceded by pre-conflict stage- accumulation of tension, irritation, exacerbation of contradictions. The conflict situation gradually transforms into an open conflict. But in order for the conflict to become a reality, an incident or occasion is needed, that is, some external event that sets the conflicting parties in motion. An incident can happen by accident, or it can be provoked. The incident becomes a signal for the beginning of an open confrontation.

In conflictology, the conditions for resolving social conflict have been developed. Among them stand out:

Timely and accurate diagnosis of the causes of the conflict;

Mutual interest of the parties in overcoming contradictions on the basis of mutual recognition of the interests of each of the parties;

Joint search for ways to overcome the conflict. Direct negotiations of the parties to the conflict, negotiations through an intermediary, with the participation of a third party can be used here.

Efforts to finally eliminate the contradictions that caused the conflict, the cessation of the struggle is achieved on post-conflict stage.

The consequences of social conflict are contradictory. On the one hand, conflicts lead to the destruction of social ties, to large material costs, on the other hand, they are a mechanism for resolving social problems. There is an opinion in the scientific community that conflict is a temporary state of society that can be overcome by rational means, and it is possible to achieve a level of development when social conflicts disappear.

But other scientists recognize conflicts as useful, since as a result of them new phenomena appear, social tensions are released, changes of various scales occur.

Social science lesson on the topic "Conflict and ways to resolve it"

“Who knows how to deal with conflicts through their
recognition, takes control of the rhythm of history"
R. Dahrendorf

Lesson Objectives:

Subject: the formation of students' ideas about the causes of conflicts, their classification, ways and means of their resolution; development of the ability to identify the causes of conflicts, find ways to resolve them; fostering a tolerant attitude towards representatives of another nationality, "foreign" religion, culture, prevention of any manifestations of xenophobia.

Methodological: development of scientific thinking of students through the establishment of cause-and-effect relationships, data analysis; development of teaching and research skills of students in group and individual activities.

Metasubject: the formation of ideas about the process of conflicts on the example of life situations, the promotion of the creation of constructive relationships by increasing the psychological competence of students on the prevention and adequate resolution of conflict situations.

Planned results:

Knowledge:

concepts: conflict, contradiction, conflict resolution;

the main causes of conflicts;

main features of conflict resolution.

Skill:

give advice on resolving conflicts using various methods known in science;

analyze data;

classify conflicts according to their characteristic features;

build models of people's behavior in conflict situations;

give your own assessment, give your own examples;

characterize rivalry as a form of social interaction;

compare points of view to solve the problem.

Understanding:

the essence of the social tension of society;

the essence of constructive conflict resolution.

Priority types of interdisciplinary connections:

- intracycle content-information - with a course of history and psychology at the level of facts, general subject concepts, theoretical knowledge from literature and the Russian language;

- organizational and methodological - at the level of general subject skills (observation, analysis and conclusion, classification, application of knowledge and methods of action, solving educational problems);

- specially-subject - causal, experimental-practical, reciprocal.

Leading learning methods: posing meta-subject questions, posing and solving a theoretical problem, organizing accentuated observations, compiling a memo, referring to the life experience of students.

Equipment: multimedia presentation "Conflict and ways to resolve it", cards with tasks.

During the classes

1. Org. moment.

2. Motivation.

View and discuss the video excerpt. What situation is shown on the screen? (conflict situation)

Teacher: Correctly. The conflict is shown here. Today we will talk about how our relationships with other people can develop and how to find a way out of difficult situations, and the topic of our lesson is: “Conflict and ways to resolve it”

In everyday life, we have to interact with many people on various issues: personal, economic, political, legal, and others. The diversity of these connections forms the structure of social relations. However, these relationships have a different impact on our lives, differ in the degree of importance and significance for us.
Can people exist without interacting with each other? Certainly not. Will any interaction be benevolent? Of course not. Conflicts are very common in our lives. We have conflicts at home, at school, on the street, in a store, at work... Conflicts arise both with people we know well and with complete strangers, for example, in a queue, in transport. In modern society it is impossible to avoid conflicts. And yet, they are needed ... Since it is in a dispute that truth is born, we can say that conflicts are necessary for the development of situations, relationships.

3. Learning new material.

Teacher: what causes conflict most often? (the parties cannot agree, and hence a conflict situation arises)

What is conflict? Let's formulate a definition of conflict with you, for this we will make a small cluster. (Students name synonyms for the word conflict, a cluster appears on the board)

Dispute Collision Disagreement

CONFLICT

Spat Scandal Disagreement

Teacher: we have chosen synonyms for the word conflict, and now answer the question, can a conflict arise if a person is alone? (No). This means that conflict arises between two or more people or social groups. And what should these people or social groups have in common for a conflict to arise between them? (Common goals, interests, positions, opinions, views, interactions that are equally valued by both parties). You and I independently deduced the definition of conflict: a conflict is a dispute, a clash between two or more people or social groups for possession of something that is equally valued by both parties. And now, let's compare our definition with generally accepted ones. (Conflict definitions appear on the screen.)

Conflict- this is a dispute, a clash of competing parties (people or social groups) for possession of something that is equally highly valued by both parties.

Conflict- this is a clash of oppositely directed goals, interests, positions, opinions, views of opponents or subjects of interaction.

Conflict- confrontation between two or more parties that are interconnected, but pursuing their own goals.

Teacher: So, conflicts arise when there are three main conditions:

The presence of two or more people;

The presence of opposing views, positions and opinions;

A clash of opposing views, positions, opinions.

The participants in the conflict are called subjects of the conflict. Not all parties to a conflict are necessarily in direct confrontation with each other. The question or good that ignites the conflict is subject of conflict. The cause and reason for the conflict are different from its subject.

Cause of conflict- objective circumstances that predetermine the emergence of a conflict. The reason is related to the needs of the conflicting parties.

Reason for conflict- a minor incident that contributes to the emergence of a conflict, but the conflict itself may not develop. The reason is both accidental and specially created.

Analyzing this or that conflict, it should be borne in mind that all conflicts go through a series of stages.

Pre-conflict stage This is the period during which contradictions accumulate.

Conflict stage- a set of certain actions, a clash of opposing sides, partial or complete realization of the goals of the opposing sides.

On the post-conflict At the stage, measures are taken to finally eliminate the contradictions between the conflicting parties, relieve socio-psychological tension, and find ways to avoid a similar situation in the future.

Conflict is the normal state of society; in any society always, at all times there have been and will be conflict situations.

Types of conflicts.

Name of the conflict	Essence of the conflict
interpersonal	The situation when personalities come into conflict, i.e. when the motives, interests or modes of action of different individuals do not combine, are opposed to each other. The most common type of conflict.
Intrapersonal	It is generated by the contradiction of motives, goals, views and values of the same person. On the one hand, he has a desire to do something, and on the other hand, he cannot realize it for himself. This situation causes internal tension, few people manage to avoid intrapersonal conflict. If such a state persists long enough, it may end in neurosis.
	A conflict that arises in the sphere of business relations and does not affect the personal identities of the participants.
Explicit (open)	Starts with an open discussion caused by controversy, and may refer to different ways of solving a problem.
	It is characterized by hidden hostility, lack of open discussion.
Smoothed	More often it concerns problems that are not the most important for the participants, in solving which they can easily give in to each other, although a feeling of dissatisfaction is present.
	It arises when a controversial issue acquires a decisive personal meaning for the participants, relations are transferred to the area of feelings and emotions, and the situation takes on the character of a theater of “military operations”. In this case, the conflict often unfolds before the eyes of third parties, drawing them into its orbit.

Reasons for conflicts:

Power struggle;

For prestige;

Economic inequality;

interethnic strife;

Ideological incompatibility;

Interfaith conflicts, etc.

Conflict functions.

positive	Negative
Détente between the conflicting parties	Large emotional, material costs of participation in the conflict.
Obtaining new information about the opponent	The dismissal of employees, the decrease in discipline, the deterioration of the socio-psychological climate in the team.
Team building in confrontation with an external enemy	The idea of defeated groups as enemies.
Stimulating change and development	Excessive enthusiasm for the process of conflict interaction to the detriment of work.
Removing the syndrome of submissiveness in subordinates	After the end of the conflict - a decrease in the degree of cooperation between part of the employees.
Opponent Opportunity Diagnosis	Difficult restoration of business relations (“conflict trail”)

Teacher: Everyone knows that any conflict has detrimental consequences. It is always colored by strong emotions, mostly negative ones. Conflict strongly affects the human nervous system and often has a "consequence effect".

Still, it is necessary to be able to prevent conflicts or effectively and painlessly for both parties to get out of them. Remember: today, unable to contain your emotions, you came into conflict with a peer, teacher, work colleague, and tomorrow, acting in this way, you will come into conflict with loved ones, with those who are very dear to you. If you fail to adequately get out of the conflict, you will spoil the relationship for a long time or, who knows, maybe forever ...

Thus, if a person learns to adequately get out of a conflict or prevent it, then he will use this skill both at home, and on the street, and at work.

I want to give you an example from history

“Once Minister of Justice Ivan Dmitriev presented Alexander 1 with a case of insulting his majesty. The sovereign, pushing aside the papers with his hand, said:

You know, Ivan Ivanovich, that I never listen to this sort of thing. Forgive - and it's over!

Sovereign! Dmitriev answered. “There are important facts in this case. Let me report...

Alexander, thinking a little, objected:

No, Ivan Ivanovich. The more important these kinds of things are, the less I want to know them. It may happen that I, as an emperor, nevertheless forgive, but as a person I hold a grudge. And I don't want that."

(From the book "Historical Anecdotes from Russian Life". M., 2004)

Teacher: Alexander 1 did this in order to avoid conflicts, and in order to find out how you do it, we will conduct an exercise called “Festive Pie”.

“Imagine that your friends came to your birthday to drink tea with a birthday cake decorated with chocolate figurines, slices of candied fruit. The cake is small and needs to be cut. How will you behave as a birthday boy?

Behavior options and their corresponding behavior strategies:

Refuse to cut, ask one of the guests or relatives about it, so as not to offend anyone. (avoidance of "turtle")

Cut it yourself, at your discretion, to whom what piece is not important, for yourself it is the best. (Competition "shark")

Take into account the wishes of the guests, take a piece of what you get. (Adaptation "bear cub")

Try to divide equally among all participants of the holiday, including yourself. (Cooperation "owl")

Say that you don’t really want a cake, let the guests get it all, but you would eat chocolate figurines. (Compromise "fox")

(Having made their choice, students receive a figurine of an animal and are divided into groups. A description of various strategies for behavior in conflicts appears on the slide).

Behavior strategy	Strategy characteristic
Competition, rivalry ("shark")	The desire to achieve satisfaction of one's interests at the expense of another.
Cooperation ("owl")	Choosing an alternative that best meets the interests of both parties.
Compromise ("fox")	A choice in which each side gains something but also loses something.
Avoidance, evasion ("turtle")	Avoidance of conflict situations, the absence of both the desire for cooperation and attempts to achieve their own goals.
Adaptation ("bear cub")	Sacrificing one's own interests for the interests of another.

4. Consolidation of the studied material:

Group work.

Students are offered situations of different strategies of behavior. They must find a way out of the situation from the point of view of which group of strategies they are in.

situations.

A. You invite a friend (girlfriend) to a disco, and he (she) wants to watch a movie on TV at this time.

B. Your parents send you to the grocery store and you want to play computer games.

Q. Grandma gets angry when you listen to loud music. She told you that she needed silence. But you can't live without music.

D. You are in a bad mood and you sit at home listening to music. Friends come to you and call you for a walk.

D. Your friend has serious problems with physics, so he constantly asks you to copy off your homework, and you give it. But one day the teacher noticed that you and your friend had exactly the same notes in a notebook. She said that if you let your friend copy off your homework one more time, you will be in big trouble.

(After a discussion in groups, the children tell everyone about the strategies they have chosen, they are discussed)

Practical tasks for groups.

Task 1 group. Match the causes of social conflicts with their characteristics.

Causes of conflicts	Characteristics of conflicts
A. Economic inequality	1. Infringement of the rights of any nation, the growth of nationalism or chauvinism
B. Ideological incompatibility	2. Clash of different views, ideas
B. Political confrontation	3. Unequal possession of property, income, goods
D. Interethnic strife	4. Struggle for power
D. Interfaith conflicts	5. Clash of carriers of different religions

Task 2 group. Work with the fable of I.A. Krylov "Swan, cancer and pike"

When there is no agreement among comrades,

Their business will not go well,

And nothing will come out of it, only flour.

Once a Swan, Cancer and Pike

Carried with luggage, they took it,

And together the three all harnessed themselves to it;

They are climbing out of their skin, but the cart is still not moving!

The luggage would have seemed easy for them:

Yes, the swan breaks into the clouds,

Cancer moves back, and Pike pulls into the water.

Who is to blame among them, who is right, is not for us to judge;

Yes, only things are still there.

The task of the participants is to determine if there is a conflict in this fable? How can it be called? (This is an interpersonal conflict) How could it be resolved, and can it be resolved at all?

Task 3 group. Working with the text "Obligations towards neighbors"

Read the text below with a number of words missing. Choose from the proposed list of words that you want to insert in place of the gaps.

Try to develop feelings of (generosity) and (gratitude). We must not do (evil), even to our enemies. They should not (offend) their neighbors either (by words) or (by actions). Straightforwardness and sincerity are (virtues) inherent in noble hearts. (Lie) is humiliating, it is the girlfriend of knavery. They must not unnecessarily speak ill of (their neighbors). Be (polite) and (friendly) with everyone, but no one needs (to flatter), speak (the truth), but with restraint.

The consciousness that you have fulfilled (your duty) and been useful to your neighbors will give you great (inner pleasure), since we are not created to live only (for ourselves).

A. generosity

B. gratitude

G. insult

E. action

G. virtue

I. your neighbors

K. polite

L. Friendly

N. true

O. your duty

P. inner pleasure

R. for themselves

Task 4 group. Working with terms.

Below is a list of terms. All of them, with the exception of one, are associated with the concept of "conflict": compromise, negotiations, arbitration, rehabilitation, witnesses.

Find and specify a term that is not related to the concept of "social conflict"

Answer: rehabilitation.

Task 5 group. Working with the School of Conflict.

Here is a list of words, in varying degrees, related to the concept of "conflict". Distribute all words on a scale so that the distance between each word and term reflects their semantic proximity, i.e. the word closest in meaning to the word "conflict" should be located closer to it. Several words can be placed in one place.

Conflict____________________________________________________________ Scale

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Dispute, skirmish, contention, squabble, clash, strife, scolding, quarrel, battle, disagreement, discussion, scandal, disagreement, quarrel, disagreement, fight, skirmish, argument, brawl.
Joint compilation of the memo "Ways to resolve the conflict."

1. Before you enter into a conflict situation, think about what result you want to get from this.

2. Make sure that this result is really important to you.

3. In a conflict, recognize not only your own interests, but also the interests of the other person.

4. Observe the ethics of behavior in a conflict situation, solve the problem, and do not settle scores.

5. Be firm and open if you are convinced that you are right.

6. Force yourself to hear your opponent's arguments.

7. Do not humiliate or insult another person in order not to burn with shame when you meet him and not to suffer remorse.

8. Be fair and honest in conflict, don't feel sorry for yourself.

9. Know how to stop in time.

10. Treasure your own self-respect by daring to go into conflict with someone who is weaker than you.
5. Reflection.

Each participant is invited to share their impressions about whether something has changed in their views on the conflict.

Teacher: Success and happiness in life are largely due to the harmony of relationships with others and with oneself. It is important to feel confident, and then the obstacles that arise in your path will be overcome, you will be able to achieve the desired goal, live a joyful and full-blooded life. I hope that I was able to help you believe in yourself, in the possibility of successfully resolving most problems. Dear guys, today you were active, proactive, creative! Our meeting has come to an end, I would like to wish you and the people around you to be always ready for ... cooperation!

6. Homework:§ 23. In literary works, find a situation of conflict and offer a way out of it.

History says that human civilization has always been accompanied by enmity. Some types of social conflicts affected a particular people, city, country or even continent. Smaller were the disagreements between people, but each species was a folk problem. So, already ancient people aspired to live in a world where such concepts as social conflict, their types and causes, would be unknown. The people did everything to realize the dreams of a society without conflicts.

As a result of painstaking and laborious work, a state began to be created, which was supposed to extinguish various types of social conflicts. To this end, a large number of regulatory laws have been issued. Years passed, and scientists continued to come up with models of an ideal society without conflicts. Of course, all these discoveries were only a theory, because all attempts were doomed to failure, and sometimes became the causes of even greater aggression.

Social conflict as part of the doctrine

Disagreements between people, as part of social relations, were highlighted by Adam Smith. In his opinion, it was the social conflict that was the reason why the population began to be divided into social classes. But there was also a positive side. After all, thanks to the conflicts that arose, the population could discover a lot of new things and find ways to help get out of the situation that had arisen.

German sociologists were sure that conflicts are characteristic of all peoples and nationalities. After all, in every society there are individuals who want to elevate themselves and their interests above their social environment. Therefore, there is a division of the level of human interest in a particular issue, as well as class inequality.

But American sociologists in their works mentioned that without conflicts, social life would be monotonous, devoid of interpersonal interaction. At the same time, only the members of the society themselves are able to kindle enmity, control it, and put it out in the same way.

Conflict and the modern world

Today, not a single day of human life is practically complete without a conflict of interests. Such skirmishes can affect absolutely any sphere of life. As a result, various types and forms of social conflict arise.

So, social conflict is the last stage of the clash of different views on one situation. Social conflict, the types of which we will consider next, can become a large-scale problem. So, because of not sharing interests or the opinions of others, family and even national contradictions appear. As a result, the type of conflict may change, depending on the scale of the action.

If you try to decipher the concept and types of social conflicts, you can clearly see that the meaning of this term is much broader than it seems initially. There are many interpretations of one term, because each nationality understands it in its own way. But it is based on the same meaning, namely the clash of interests, opinions and even goals of people. For a better perception, we can assume that any kind of social conflicts - this is another form of human relations in society.

Functions of social conflict

As you can see, the concept of social conflict and its components were defined long before modern times. It was then that the conflict was endowed with certain functions, thanks to which its significance for social society is clearly visible.

So there are several important functions:

Signal.
Informational.
Differentiating.
Dynamic.

The meaning of the first is immediately indicated by its name. Therefore, it is understandable that due to the nature of the conflict, it is possible to determine what state the society is in and what it wants. Sociologists are sure that if people start a conflict, then there are certain reasons and unresolved problems. Therefore, it is regarded as a kind of signal that it is urgent to act and do something.

Informational - has a meaning similar to the previous function. Information about the conflict is of great importance on the way to determining the causes of the occurrence. By processing such data, the government studies the essence of all events taking place in society.

Thanks to the third function, society acquires a certain structure. Thus, when a conflict arises that affects the public interest, even those who would previously prefer not to intervene take part in it. There is a division of the population into certain social groups.

The fourth function was discovered during the worship of the teachings of Marxism. It is believed that it is she who plays the role of the engine in all social processes.

Reasons why conflicts arise

The reasons are quite obvious and understandable, even if we consider only the definition of social conflicts. Everything is hidden precisely in different views on actions. Indeed, often some try to impose their ideas by all means, even if they cause damage to others. This happens when there are several options for using one item.

The types of social conflicts vary, depending on many factors, such as scale, theme, nature, and more. So, even family disagreements have the character of a social conflict. After all, when a husband and wife share a TV, trying to watch different channels, a dispute arises on the basis of a clash of interests. To solve such a problem, two TVs are needed, then there might not have been a conflict.

According to sociologists, conflicts in society cannot be avoided, because proving one's point of view is a natural desire of a person, which means that nothing can change this. They also concluded that social conflict, the types of which are not dangerous, can even be beneficial for society. After all, this is how people learn not to perceive others as enemies, become closer and begin to respect each other's interests.

Components of the conflict

Any conflict includes two mandatory components:

the reason for the disagreement is called the object;
people whose interests clashed in a dispute - they are also subjects.

There are no restrictions on the number of participants in the dispute;

The reason for the conflict may appear in the literature as an incident.

By the way, the conflict that has arisen does not always have an open form. It also happens that the clash of different ideas has become the cause of resentment, which is part of what is happening. This is how various types of socio-psychological conflicts arise, which have a latent form and can be called "frozen" conflicts.

Types of social conflicts

Knowing what a conflict is, what are its causes and components, we can distinguish the main types of social conflicts. They are defined by:

1. Duration and nature of development:

temporary;
long;
randomly generated;
specially organized.

2. Capture scale:

global - concerning the whole world;
local - affecting a separate part of the world;
regional - between neighboring countries;
group - between certain groups;
personal - family conflict, dispute with neighbors or friends.

3. The goals of the conflict and methods of resolution:

violent street fight, obscene scandal;
wrestling by the rules, cultural conversation.

4. Number of participants:

personal (occur in mentally ill people);
interpersonal (clash of interests of different people, for example, brother and sister);
intergroup (contradiction in the interests of different social associations);

people of the same level;
people of different social levels, positions;
those and others.

There are many different classifications and divisions that are considered arbitrary. Thus, the first 3 types of social conflicts can be considered key.

Solving problems that cause social conflict

Reconciliation of hostile parties is the main task of the state legislature. It is clear that it is impossible to avoid all conflicts, but it is necessary to try to avoid at least the most serious ones: global, local and regional. Given the types of conflicts, social relations between the warring parties can be established in several ways.

Ways to resolve conflict situations:

1. An attempt to get away from the scandal - one of the participants can isolate themselves from the conflict, transferring it to a "frozen" state.

2. Conversation - it is necessary to discuss the problem that has arisen and jointly find its solution.

3. Involve a third party.

4. Postpone the dispute for a while. Most often this is done when the facts run out. The adversary yields to interests temporarily in order to collect more evidence of his innocence. Most likely, the conflict will resume.

5. Resolution of conflicts that have arisen through the courts, in accordance with the legal framework.

To reconcile the parties to the conflict, it is necessary to find out the cause, purpose and interest of the parties. Also important is the mutual desire of the parties to come to a peaceful resolution of the situation. Then you can look for ways to overcome the conflict.

Stages of conflict

Like any other process, the conflict has certain stages of development. The first stage is considered to be the time immediately before the conflict. It is at this moment that the collision of subjects occurs. Disputes arise because of different opinions about one subject or situation, but at this stage it is possible to prevent the incitement of an immediate conflict.

If one of the parties does not yield to the opponent, then the second stage will follow, which has the character of a debate. Here, each side is furiously trying to prove its case. Due to the great tension, the situation escalates and after a certain time passes into the stage of direct conflict.

Examples of social conflicts in world history

The main three types of social conflicts can be demonstrated by the examples of long-standing events that left their mark on the life of the population then and influenced modern life.

Thus, one of the most striking and well-known examples of global social conflict are the First and Second World Wars. Almost all existing countries took part in this conflict, in history these events remained the largest military-political clashes of interests. Because the war was fought on three continents and four oceans. Only in this conflict was the most terrible nuclear weapon used.

This is the strongest, and most importantly known example of global social conflicts. After all, peoples that were previously considered fraternal fought against each other. There are no more such terrible examples in world history.

Much more information is available directly about inter-regional and group conflicts. So, during the transition of power to the kings, the living conditions of the population also changed. Every year more and more public discontent grew, protests and political tensions appeared. Many moments did not suit the people, without clarifying which it was impossible to strangle the popular uprising. The more in tsarist Russia the authorities tried to crush the interests of the population, the more conflict situations on the part of disgruntled residents of the country intensified.

Over time, more and more people became convinced of the infringement of their interests, so the social conflict gained momentum and changed the opinions of others. The more people became disillusioned with the authorities, the closer the mass conflict approached. It was with such actions that most of the civil wars against the political interests of the country's leadership began.

Already during the reign of the kings, there were prerequisites for the beginning of social conflicts on the basis of dissatisfaction with political work. It is these situations that confirm the existence of problems that were caused by dissatisfaction with the existing standards of life. And it was the social conflict that was the reason to move on, to develop and improve politics, laws and government abilities.

Summing up

Social conflicts are an integral part of modern society. The disagreements that arose even under the tsarist regime are a necessary part of our current life, because, perhaps, it is thanks to those events that we have the opportunity, maybe not enough, but still it is better to live. It was only thanks to our ancestors that society moved from slavery to democracy.

Today, it is better to take personal and group types of social conflicts as a basis, examples of which are very often encountered in our lives. We face contradictions in family life, looking at simple everyday issues from different points of view, we defend our opinion, and all these events seem to be simple, ordinary things. That is why social conflict is so multifaceted. Therefore, everything that concerns him needs to be studied more and more.

Of course, everyone keeps saying that conflict is bad, that you can’t compete and live by your own rules. But, on the other hand, disagreements are not so bad, especially if they are resolved at the initial stages. After all, it is precisely because of the emergence of conflicts that society develops, moves forward and seeks to change the existing order. Even if the result leads to material and moral losses.

Choose the correct judgments about social conflict and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) Social conflict may be based on contradictions between social groups.

2) Social conflicts exist in any society.

3) The subject of social conflict is the objective circumstances under which the conflict arises.

4) Social conflicts perform both positive and negative functions.

5) Social conflicts always lead to the destruction of the social system.

Explanation.

Conflict - a dispute, a clash of competing parties for possession of something that is equally highly valued by both parties. Conflicts also have positive functions, for example, they can carry a cultural renewal. It does not necessarily lead to the destruction of the social system.

1) Social conflict may be based on contradictions between social groups - yes, that's right.

2) Social conflicts exist in any society - yes, that's right.

3) The subject of social conflict is the objective circumstances under which the conflict arises - no, that's not true.

4) Social conflicts perform both positive and negative functions - yes, that's right.

5) Social conflicts always lead to the destruction of the social system - no, that's not true.

Answer: 124.

Answer: 124

1) Social conflicts develop only in the economic sphere of society.

2) Social conflict involves the confrontation of the parties.

3) A conflict situation can be provoked by an insignificant reason.

4) Large social groups can be parties to a social conflict.

5) The cause of social conflict is related to the interests of the warring parties.

Explanation.

Conflict - a dispute, a clash of competing parties for possession of something that is equally highly valued by both parties. The subject of the conflict is its participants. The subject of the conflict - because of what. The scale of the conflict is the number of people involved and the severity of the consequences. Types of conflicts: by participants (intrapersonal, interpersonal, social), by the subject of the dispute (economic, political, professional, ethnic, cultural), by methods of flow (confrontation - passive opposition of groups with different interests, rivalry - the struggle for recognition of personal achievements and abilities , competition).

1) Social conflicts develop only in the economic sphere of society - no, that's not true.

2) Social conflict involves the confrontation of the parties - yes, that's right.

3) A minor reason can provoke a conflict situation - yes, that's right.

4) Large social groups can be parties to a social conflict - yes, that's right.

5) The cause of social conflict is related to the interests of the warring parties - yes, that's right.

Answer: 2345.

Answer: 2345

1) The objective contradictions of social conflicts are due to phenomena and processes that depend on the will and consciousness of people.

2) If all the conflicting parties show a tendency to compromise, then this does not resolve, but drives the social conflict inward.

3) One of the conditions for the emergence of social conflict may be differences in the values of the warring parties.

4) Social conflict is the highest stage in the development of contradictions in the system of relations between people, social groups, social institutions, and society as a whole.

5) Social conflict prevents the ossification of the social system, opens the way for new forms - innovations.

Explanation.

1) The objective contradictions of social conflicts are caused by phenomena and processes that depend on the will and consciousness of people - no, it’s not true, subjective circumstances depend on the will.

2) If all the conflicting parties show a tendency to compromise, then this does not resolve, but drives the social conflict inward - no, it is not true.

3) One of the conditions for the emergence of social conflict may be differences in the values of the warring parties - yes, that's right.

4) Social conflict is the highest stage in the development of contradictions in the system of relations between people, social groups, social institutions, society as a whole - yes, that's right.

5) Social conflict prevents the ossification of the social system, opens the way for new forms - innovation - yes, that's right.

Answer: 345.

Answer: 345

1) The causes of social conflicts are related to the conflict of interests of different social groups.

2) One of the ways to resolve social conflict is to continue confrontation.

3) Social conflict is always generated by economic reasons.

4) The basis of social conflict is always hostile personal relationships of specific individuals.

5) Social conflict can cover different aspects of social relations.

Explanation.

Social conflict (from Latin confliktus - clash) is the highest stage in the development of contradictions in relations between people, social groups, and society as a whole, which is characterized by a clash of opposing interests, goals, and positions of subjects of interaction. Conflicts may be covert or overt, but they are always based on a lack of agreement between two or more parties.

1) The causes of social conflicts are related to the conflict of interests of different social groups - yes, that's right.

2) One of the ways to resolve the social conflict is to continue the confrontation - no, that's not true.

3) Social conflict is always generated by economic reasons - no, that's not true.

4) The basis of social conflict is always hostile personal relationships of specific individuals - no, that's not true.

5) Social conflict can cover different aspects of social relations - yes, that's right.

Answer: 15.

Sociologists interviewed adult residents of the city of Z. They were asked the question: "What, in your opinion, is the most effective way of behavior in conditions of social conflict?"

The survey results are presented in graphical form.

Analyze the survey results. What conclusion can be drawn from the chart data?

1) More than half of the respondents believe that state mediation is necessary to resolve the conflict.

2) The vast majority of respondents do not consider concession to be an effective way of behaving in a conflict.

3) More respondents consider prolonged confrontation in a conflict to be effective than the refusal of all conflicting parties from mutual claims.

4) Fewer respondents consider it effective to “freeze” the conflict than to give in to one of the parties to the conflict.

Explanation.

Less than half (45%) of those surveyed believe that state mediation is necessary to resolve the conflict.

Fewer respondents (16%) consider long-term confrontation in a conflict to be effective than the renunciation of mutual claims by all conflicting parties (27%).

More respondents consider it effective to "freeze" the conflict (9%) than to give in to one of the parties to the conflict (3%).

The correct answer is numbered: 2.

Answer: 2

Subject area: Social relations. Diagrams

Guest 16.04.2013 20:38

I didn’t understand why 2? if you look at the diagram, it’s clear that the ABSOLUTE MOST is not there at all ... how to judge, I don’t understand, to be honest!

Petr Dmitrievich Sadovsky

Those who consider a concession by one of the parties to be an effective way of behaving in a conflict - 3%, 27% - those who consider a mutual concession. Therefore, those who do not count 70 (100 - (27 + 3)). This means that they are in the absolute majority (more than 50%).

The sociological service carried out surveys of adult citizens in the country Z. They were asked the question: “What do you see as the main reason for the conflict of generations (the conflict between fathers and children)?”

The results of the survey (in % of the number of respondents) are presented in the form of a diagram.

Find in the list the conclusions that can be drawn on the basis of the table, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) Respondents to a greater extent associate the conflict between fathers and children with the unwillingness of young people to take into account the experience of the older generation than with differences in lifestyle.

2) Approximately one third of the respondents associate the conflict between fathers and children with differences in worldview, tastes, and passions.

3) Approximately the same proportions of respondents associate the conflict between fathers and children with differences in worldview, tastes, preferences and differences in lifestyle.

4) The desire of fathers to impose their will on children as a cause of generational conflict is noted by the smallest proportion of respondents.

5) In some cases, unresolved material/everyday problems can become the main cause of conflicts.

Explanation.

1) Respondents associate the conflict between fathers and children to a greater extent with the unwillingness of young people to take into account the experience of the older generation than with differences in lifestyle - no, that's not true.

2) Approximately one third of the respondents associate the conflict between fathers and children with differences in worldview, tastes, passions - yes, that's right.

3) Approximately the same proportion of respondents associate the conflict between fathers and children with differences in worldview, tastes, preferences and differences in lifestyle - no, that's not true.

4) The desire of fathers to impose their will on children as a reason for the conflict of generations is noted by the smallest proportion of respondents - no, it is not true.

5) In some cases, the unresolved material / everyday problems can become the main cause of conflicts - yes, that's right.

Answer: 25.

Answer: 25

Valentin Ivanovich Kirichenko

There is such a reason for conflicts in the diagram.

Diana Karimova 23.02.2017 13:58

It says "may be the MAJOR cause" how the problem with the least percentage can become the main

Valentin Ivanovich Kirichenko

keyword MAY

Elizabeth Sysoeva 24.02.2017 12:29

option 1 is incorrect (unwillingness of young people to take into account the experience of the older generation - 12%, and differences in lifestyle - 23%, i.e. the statement should say the opposite)

Valentin Ivanovich Kirichenko

He is also unfaithful.

Choose the correct judgments about social conflicts and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) Social conflicts can only take the form of civil wars.

2) Conflicts can have a positive impact on society.

3) One of the ways to resolve a social conflict is the mutual concessions of the warring parties.

4) All social conflicts are caused by economic reasons.

5) The cause of social conflict is always objective circumstances.

Explanation.

1) Social conflicts can only take the form of civil wars - no, that's not true, other forms are possible.

2) Conflicts can have a positive impact on society - yes, that's right.

3) One of the ways to resolve a social conflict is the mutual concessions of the warring parties - yes, that's right.

4) All social conflicts are caused by economic reasons - no, that's not true.

5) The cause of social conflict is always objective circumstances - no, not true.

Answer: 23.

Answer: 23

Valentin Ivanovich Kirichenko

Conflicts reveal problems, destroy old and obsolete forms, for example. autocracy, lead to innovation.

Polina Karacheva 26.03.2017 15:19

I have a question about statement number five. In Rutkowska's variant 25, the fifth statement stands out as correct. And how to be?

Valentin Ivanovich Kirichenko

There's a mistake

For the anniversary of the company, employees were given bonuses. Someone A. found out that he received less than others. He got into an argument with the boss. It should be noted that in this institution, the decisions of the management on bonuses to employees often caused dissatisfaction.

Determine the type of this conflict according to the sphere of manifestation. Name any two conditions under which conflict could have been avoided. Based on social science knowledge, suggest one way to resolve the conflict by commenting on it.

Explanation.

1) type of conflict - economic;

2) conditions under which conflict could have been avoided, for example:

− draw up in writing the procedure for encouraging employees,

− issue the same amount of bonus for the anniversary of the company;

3) ways to resolve the conflict and comments, for example:

- compromise - conflict resolution through mutual concessions (for example: employees will offer the employer to issue a written procedure for encouraging employees, and the employer will agree);

- negotiations - a peaceful conversation between the parties to solve the problem (for example: after talking with the employer, the employee will find out the reasons for this distribution of the bonus and will be satisfied with the explanations).

Other conditions and ways of resolving the conflict can be named.

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic "Social conflicts and ways to resolve them." The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

When analyzing the response, the following is taken into account:

- compliance of the structure of the proposed answer with a plan of a complex type;

- the presence of plan items indicating that the examinee understands the main aspects of this topic, without which it cannot be disclosed on the merits;

- the correctness of the wording of the points of the plan.

The wording of the points of the plan, which are abstract and formal in nature and do not reflect the specifics of the topic, are not counted in the assessment.

One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic:

1. The concept of social conflict.

2. The main causes of conflicts:

a) unfavorable working conditions;

b) dissatisfaction with wages;

c) psychological incompatibility of people;

d) difference of essential interests and principles;

e) redistribution of influence in a group or between groups;

f) ideological differences (political and religious);

g) unfair distribution of values (income, knowledge,

information, benefits).

3. Types of social conflicts:

a) intrapersonal;

b) interpersonal;

c) intergroup;

d) ownership conflict;

e) conflict with the external environment.

4. Stages of development of intergroup conflict:

a) pre-conflict;

b) conflict;

c) post-conflict.

5. Ways to resolve conflicts:

a) search for a compromise, negotiations;

b) suppression of one side by the other, etc.

A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan are possible. They can be presented in nominal interrogative or mixed forms.

The presence of any two of the 2-4 points of the plan in this or similar wording will reveal the content of this topic in essence.

Enter the numbers in ascending order.

1) Contradictions between the subjects of the conflict can exist for quite a long period of time and always develop into a conflict.

2) Social conflict is an open confrontation, a clash of two or more subjects (sides) of social interaction.

3) The form of clashes - violent or non-violent - depends on many factors, including whether there are real conditions and opportunities (mechanisms) for non-violent conflict resolution.

4) The cause of the conflict is always a dispute over material resources.

5) According to the content of the problems that caused conflict actions, internal and external conflicts are distinguished.

Explanation.

Social conflict (from Latin conflictus - clash) is the highest stage in the development of contradictions in relations between people, social groups, society as a whole, which is characterized by a clash of opposing interests, goals, positions of interaction subjects.

Answer: 23.

One of the most difficult and painful conflicts for a person is the conflict between personal moral principles and the requirements of a social role. Among the given examples, identify a similar personality-role conflict.

1) The teacher checked the class tests and put only two "deuces"

2) The professor gave a lecture to the students, telling a funny incident from his life during the lecture

3) The officer received an order from the higher command, with which he does not agree.

Explanation.

Personal-role conflict - a conflict associated with the incompatibility of the required behavior and personal principles and ideas of the individual. Role conflict should be considered as a state of psychological conflict that develops in an individual in the course of performing a social role under conditions of conflicting or partially incompatible requirements and expectations for a role performer. Simply put, this is when the required behavior is at odds with your principles.

The correct answer is number 3.

Answer: 3

5) One of the ways to prevent interethnic conflicts in a democratic society is to ensure the rights and freedoms of all citizens, regardless of their nationality.

Explanation.

Interethnic relations: relations between different states, relations between different nationalities within the same country. Forms of interethnic relations: peaceful cooperation, ethnic mixing (interethnic marriages), ethnic absorption (assimilation, complete dissolution of one people in another, for example, VPN, development of North America), ethnic conflict.

The main directions in the development of interethnic relations: integration (the desire for interaction, expansion of ties, the perception of all the best, for example, the EU), differentiation (the desire of the nation for self-development, sovereignty, opposition of various ethnic groups, for example, protectionism, extremism, separatism - the desire of the nation to separate , isolation).

Interethnic conflict is an extreme form of contradiction between rival national formations created to protect national interests. Causes of interethnic conflicts: socio-economic (inequality in living standards, access to goods), cultural and linguistic (insufficient use of language and culture in public life), ethno-demographic (difference in the level of natural population growth), environmental, extraterritorial (mismatch of borders with borders resettlement of peoples), historical (past relationships between peoples), confessional.

1) One of the ways to prevent interethnic conflicts in a democratic society is the compact settlement of people of one nationality within a multinational state - no, that's not true.

2) Ethnic communities are tribes, nationalities, nations - yes, that's right.

3) One of the ways to harmonize interethnic relations is the development of cultural ties between peoples - yes, that's right.

During the scientific discussion, an opinion was voiced that intrapersonal conflict serves as a source of personality development, its improvement. Do you agree with the given opinion? Using social science knowledge and the facts of public life, give three arguments in support of your position.

Explanation.

The correct answer must contain the following elements:

1) the position of the graduate: agreement or disagreement with the opinion given in the task (or an indication of the complexity and inconsistency of the opinion given in the task);

2) arguments:

in case of agreement with the above opinion, it can be stated that:

in case of disagreement with the above opinion, it may be indicated that:

In a state of intrapersonal conflict, a person is not able to work productively, fully communicate with others;

2) arguments:

in case of agreement with the above opinion, it can be stated that:

Intrapersonal conflict is associated with the process of self-knowledge, a person's understanding of his place in the world, summing up some life results;

Intrapersonal conflict contributes to building or adjusting a person's life plans, changing the social environment;

The way out of the intrapersonal conflict can be the self-improvement of a person, changing his life;

in case of disagreement with the above opinion, it may be indicated that:

An intrapersonal conflict can lead a person to a state of depression, which he cannot overcome on his own;

In a state of intrapersonal conflict, a person is not able to work productively, fully communicate with

surrounding;

The state of intrapersonal conflict, attempts to understand its causes can lead to a decrease in a person's self-esteem, the level of his claims.

Other valid arguments can be made.

The position of recognizing the complexity and inconsistency of the opinion given in the task can be argued