Vascular preparations of a new generation for the brain. Preparations that improve blood microcirculation of the lower extremities Preparations for improving ocular circulation

For modern medicine, the preservation and restoration of cerebral circulation is of extreme relevance today, since a comfortable life in youth and a clear head in old age depend on how adequate it is. Of course, the correction of cerebral blood flow acquires the greatest importance in the transitional moments of a person's life.

Early childhood

In early childhood, after suffering birth injuries, pressure drops during Caesarean section and other oxygen starvation (intrauterine or in childbirth), cerebral blood flow can suffer to varying degrees. This requires a recovery period, which, as a rule, is limited to the first three years (with a successful outcome of postnatal encephalopathy) or can last a lifetime, for example, after hemorrhages with the formation of vascular cysts, vascular epilepsy or cerebral palsy.

Schoolchildren, teenagers

For schoolchildren and adolescents, the load on cerebral blood flow increases as the intensity of the educational process increases and changes in the hormonal background, which can also lead to a deterioration in the conditions of cerebral blood flow (vascular spasms).

Adult working population

In adults, cerebral blood flow most often suffers from osteochondrosis, which compresses the vessels that feed the brain, tumors of the head and neck, atherosclerotic processes and endarteritis, as well as from acute thrombosis of the cerebral arteries on the background of injuries or operations.

Elderly people

Elderly people are most likely to suffer from strokes (hemorrhagic or ischemic), atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels and brain tumors. In this case, the processes can proceed as acute (stroke) or chronic (atherosclerosis).

I would like to immediately draw attention to the fact that without exception, all drugs that directly improve metabolic processes in brain cells and are called nootropics work only in pathologically altered tissues and do not have any effect on healthy tissue.

Therefore, a large direction of using these funds to stimulate the mental activity of children, youth and healthy adults:

in preparation for exams
during intense workloads
children starting school
or poorly performing in it
especially for preschoolers

can be safely attributed to the TRICK of PHARMACEUTICAL CONCERNS in collusion, expanding the indications for the use of these drugs and receiving huge amounts of money from gullible, but unenlightened buyers.

The greatest role in the development of disorders of cerebral blood flow is played by vascular spasm or thrombus formation in the arteries. Therefore, the most relevant groups of drugs that improve cerebral blood flow are vasodilators and drugs that prevent platelets from sticking together during the formation of blood clots.

Vasodilating drugs that improve cerebral circulation

Vasodilators are a group of drugs with different mechanisms of action. Their main disadvantage is the indiscriminate action, due to which they expand not only the arteries of the brain, but also other vessels, often giving a drop in blood pressure, in which cerebral blood flow worsens even more.

This moment is especially unpleasant for the elderly, whose arteries are severely affected by atherosclerosis. They often have orthostatic hypotension (darkening in the eyes when standing up abruptly) and the risk of ischemic strokes against the background of vasodilators.

Antispasmodics

Antispasmodics by relaxing the smooth muscles of the vascular wall, expand the lumen of the vessels. These are the softest and relatively safe drugs, they include tableted and injectable:

No-shpa (60 tab. 220 rubles)
Drotaverine hydrochloride (100 tab. 50 rub.)

The drugs do not work well on vessels affected by atherosclerosis. They can also steal diseased areas of the brain, redistributing blood flow in favor of healthy areas due to the better preservation of blood vessels there. Therefore, this group of drugs is of little use in elderly patients, for whom the drugs of the next class are preferred.

Calcium channel blockers

Calcium channel blockers dilate the cerebral vessels without compromising the rest of the blood circulation. This improves microcirculation. The main side effect of these drugs is a drop in blood pressure.

These include: Adalat, Kordafen, Brainal, Norvax, Arifon, Grindeke, Diacordin, Kordaflex, Diacordin, Cortiazem, Lacipil, Logimaks, Nafadil, Nemotan, Nimotop, Plendil, Stamlo, Foridon, Cinnarizin, Cinedil, Nifecard, Cinnasan.

Nimodipine (Nimotop)

Application: Nimodipine is used for the prevention and treatment of various disorders of the blood supply to the brain. Nimodipine is produced in tablets weighing 30 milligrams. One package contains twenty, fifty or one hundred tablets. It can also be purchased as a 0.02% solution for infusion (in plastic bags or 50 ml bottles).

Nimodipine is treated after a hemorrhage under the meninges, as well as for strokes for five to fourteen days.
For prevention, the drug is prescribed in tablet form, two tablets every four hours, in the amount of three hundred and sixty milligrams per day.
Patients weighing less than seventy kilograms and unstable blood pressure begin to administer the drug at a reduced dose (for example, from half a milligram).

Side effects: the risk of side effects of the drug is higher with intravenous administration. The pressure may drop rapidly. When taking pills, digestive disorders in the form of nausea, diarrhea are not uncommon.
Contraindications: pregnancy and the simultaneous use of infusion and tablets of this drug. It is also necessary to be careful with intracranial hypertension, renal failure.
Price: 100 tab. 1100 rub.

Cinnarizine (Stugeron)

Produced in tablets of 25 mg (packs of 30 or 50 tablets) is used for course intake (from three weeks to six months) 1-2 tablets three times a day. Indications and contraindications are similar to nimodipine. Today, the drug is strongly pressed by vinpocetine.
Price: Cinnarizine 50 pcs. 30-70 rubles, Stugeron 50 pcs. 150-200 rub.

Vinpocetine (Cavinton)

This is a preparation from vegetable raw materials (vinca). The drug combines the properties of a vasodilator and a means of limiting thrombosis. Vinpocetine is also able to improve metabolism in brain tissue and make it more resistant to oxygen starvation.
Application: 5 mg tablets are taken one three times a day after meals. Solutions are administered intravenously. Before the end of treatment, the dose of the drug is gradually reduced until it is completely canceled.
Contraindications: not recommended for combined use with heparin (due to the risk of bleeding). Also, in severe forms of coronary artery disease and arrhythmias, parenteral administration of the drug is prohibited. Since the drug crosses the placenta and passes into breast milk, it is not recommended for pregnant and lactating women. Deprived of the phenomenon of "robbery".
Analogues of Vinpocetine: Vero-Vinpocetine, Bravinton, Vincetin, Vinpoton, Telektol, Cavinton forte.
Price: Cavinton 5 mg. 50 pcs. 250 rubles, Vinpocetine 5 mg. 50 pcs. 40-80 rubles, Korsavin 5 mg. 50 pcs. 70-90 rub.

The largest international organization in evidence-based medicine - Cochrane International Collaboration does not recognize the effectiveness of Cavinton and does not include it in its Review, which allows us to talk about the proven effect of the drug. Since it has not been conducted double-blind placebo-controlled studies.

However, domestic neurologists and vascular surgeons have repeatedly published the results of work with this drug (including improved cerebral circulation, confirmed by the results of brain tomography and vascular angiography) and continue to defend its position in the treatment of chronic cerebrovascular accidents of varying severity. Traditionally, the programs for managing such patients include course drip injections of Cavinton and courses of Vinpocetine tablets.

Alpha blockers

Alpha-adenoblockers simultaneously with the expansion of small vessels improve metabolism in brain tissues, reduce platelet aggregation. They are indicated for acute and chronic metabolic disorders in the brain, including vascular dementia, transient oxygen starvation of the brain against the background of vascular spasm, as well as against the background of arterial hypertension or atherosclerosis.
These include:

Nicergoline - 5 ampoules 4 mg. 250 rubles, 30 tablets 350-400 rubles.
Sermion - tablets 30 mg. 30 pcs. 650 rubles, 5 mg. 30 pcs. 450 rub.

Combination drugs that dilate blood vessels

Vasobral (alphadihydroergocryptine and caffeine)
Instenon (etofillin, etomivan, hexobendin), 30 tab. 200-250 rub. 5 amp. 2 ml. 250 rub.

Disaggregants

These are drugs that prevent platelets from sticking together with the formation of blood clots that clog the cerebral vessels. They improve microcirculation by increasing the permeability of capillaries, and exhibit the properties of angioprotectors that reduce vascular fragility by improving metabolism in their walls.

Antiplatelet agents include: Dipyridamole (Kurantil), Vasonit, Doxy-Chem, Pentoxifylline, Persantin, Radomin, Trental, Flexital.

Curantyl

These are tablets (25, 50, 75 or 100 mg), dragees or a 0.5% solution of Dipyridamole for infusion. It is prescribed for chronic disorders of cerebral circulation or dyscirculatory encephalopathy in adults and children over 12 years of age.
Side effects: Side effects may include nausea, diarrhea, muscle pain, dizziness, or fainting. The urticaria is less often shown.
Application: The drug is prescribed by the course. Tablets are taken one hour before meals or 2 hours after it three times a day.
The drug enhances the properties when taken with cephalosporins, anticoagulants (the risk of bleeding increases). When administered simultaneously with antihypertensives, it can cause a sharp drop in blood pressure.
Analogues of Curantil (100 tablets of 25 mg 550-600 rubles): Anginal, Trancocard, Koribon, Aprikor, Viskor, Persantin, Parsedil, Vadinar.

A nicotinic acid

Nicotinic acid in the form of xanthinol nicotinate in tablets and solution for intravenous drip. A drug that exhibits antiplatelet properties. Tablets give a very weak effect, and solutions are not recommended today due to the high risks of gastroduodenal bleeding.

flavonoids

These are extracts from vegetable raw materials that improve vascular tone and strengthen the walls of blood vessels:

Tanakan 30 pcs. 650 rub
Bilobil 20 pcs. 300 rub
Ginkoum 30 pcs. 250 rub.
Memoplant 30 pcs. 550 rub.

This is an extract of Ginkgo Biloba - it acts slowly and serious studies in terms of evidence-based medicine, these drugs have not passed.

Microcirculation correctors

Betahistine (Betaserc)

This is an effective drug that helps not only to correct the blood flow in the capillaries, but also removes dizziness and unsteady gait in chronic problems with cerebral blood flow.
Application: in tablets of 8 or 16 mg courses. The daily dose ranges from 24 to 48 mg in three divided doses.
Contraindications: pregnant or lactating, requires caution in case of peptic ulcer, bronchial asthma.
Side effects: can cause hives or indigestion.
Price: Betaserc 30 pcs. 650 rubles, Betaver 30 pcs. 250 rubles, Betahistine 30 pcs. 100 rubles, Vestibo 30pcs. 280 rubles, Tagista 30 pcs. 100 rub.

For circulation and memory

Nootropic drugs are drugs that are not approved by evidence-based medicine, but are widely used in practical neurology and have some positive practical experience in using a number of drugs.

The basis of the action of these funds is the improvement of metabolic processes in brain cells, resulting in an improvement in memory, learning ability, thinking (see drugs to improve memory). Medicines can help with:

vascular dementia in the elderly
with encephalopathy in persons with vascular pathologies of the brain
but absolutely useless for healthy and young people.

The effects of drugs are realized through neurotransmitters, stabilization of neurocyte membranes and increased resistance of brain tissues to oxygen deficiency.

Pyrallidone derivatives (racetams)

Piracetam is contraindicated in hemorrhagic stroke, severe renal failure, pregnancy, lactation. Side effects include nervous and motor agitation, nausea, vomiting, stool disorders, and urticaria. The drug is used in tablets or injections (60 tab. 30 rubles).
Pyrallidone derivatives include: Aloracetam, Dragonol (Aniracetam), Doliracetam, Phenotropil (Phenylpiracetam), Fasoracetam, Rolipram, Rolziracetam, Imuracetam, Nefiracetam, Noopept, Pramiracetam, Piracetam (Lucetam, Nootropil), Brivaracetam. Stimulate the central nervous system, therefore undesirable in sleep disorders and in the elderly with severe atherosclerosis of the arteries. Long-term use may cause anxiety disorders.

Polypeptides

Cortexin is a complex of brain polypeptides produced in ampoules for intramuscular injections. The course of the drug is from 7 to 14 procedures (10 pcs. 700-1000 rubles). Repeated courses are held in three months or six months. Contraindicated in pregnant women.
Cerebrolysin, Cortexin, are injectable polypeptides assembled from amino acids. They work in a similar way.

Other drugs

Aricept, Galantamine, Epsilon - cholinesterase blocking agents, they prevent the destruction of the mediator acetylcholine, which improves nerve transmission.
Analux, Deanol, Lucidril, Nooklerin, Atsefen, Cerutil - precursors of acetylcholine
Picamilon, Pantogam, Pantocalcin, Aminalon, Phenibut - gamma-aminobutyric acid and its derivatives, they increase the brain's resistance to oxygen starvation, increasing the absorption of sugar by cells and the formation of proteins.
Glycine, Picamilon, Biotredin - amino acids, stimulate the central part of the nervous system.
Mefexamide, Perneuron, Timodin, Ladasten, Memantine, Bromantine, Olimfon, Adrafinil, Aktebral, Tonobral, Bifimelan, Nadex, Mentis, Linopyridine, Demanol - adamantane derivatives increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission and slow down the aging process of the central nervous system.
Inotropil (Aminolone with Melatonin), Phezam (Cinnarizine with Piracetam), Ozatropil (Piracetam with Aminalon), Thiocetam (Thiotriazolin with Piracetam) are combined drugs.

In pediatric neurology, nootropics are widely used to manage children with postnatal encephalopathy, delays in psychomotor and speech development.

The use of a large number (up to three to five drugs at the same time) of drugs of this series is not justified by anything, except for the habit of pediatric neurologists and a number of publications and clinical developments that do not meet the standards of evidence-based medicine. Rather, it is a kind of soothing ritual for parents whose children at the time of birth and in the first year of life have some kind of brain deficiency.

By the way, in Europe, where such a practice is not common, as well as among lazy or careless mothers, children, as a rule, are completely compensated on their own with mild consequences of oxygen starvation of the brain and by the age of three they are completely pulled up to the middle age level.

Effective medicines for stroke

Competent treatment tactics in acute cerebrovascular accident allows not only to save the patient's life, but also to improve his prognosis for the restoration of motor, speech functions and quality of life.

Ischemic stroke

Ischemic stroke - a consequence of blockage of the vessel by a thrombus or embolus. For its treatment, the following drugs are used:

Means for reducing and destroying blood clots. Today they are not widely used (Prourokinase is used only in research centers, Streptokinase has not justified itself due to low evidence, tissue plasminogen activator is not available everywhere).
Low molecular weight heparins (Fraxiparine, Clexane) can reduce thrombosis and reduce the risk of embolism after a stroke.
Indirect anticoagulants continue the work of heparins after 3-4 weeks. This is Warfarin, Sinkumar.
Antiplatelet agents begin therapy for the acute period of stroke (150 mg of aspirin are chewed at the first sign of the condition). With intolerance to aspirin, Ticlopedin, Clopidogrel, Dipyridamole are connected.
Low molecular weight dextrans: Reopoliglyukin, rheomacrodex increase the volume of circulating blood and improve oxygen delivery to the brain.
Remedies for high blood pressure. ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers are started at blood pressure above 180 over 105. This saves patients from recurrent strokes.
Vasodilators Vinpocetine, Pentoxifylline and drugs that improve microcirculation (Curantil, Trental).
Nootropics are prescribed in the recovery period.

Hemorrhagic stroke

It is the result of a rupture of a vessel in the brain and requires a slightly different tactic with the obligatory use of antihypertensives and dextrans to replenish the volume of circulating blood. Most often, hemorrhagic stroke is operated on, since without surgical treatment, mortality from it is quite high.

Instead of a conclusion: the problem of treating cerebrovascular accidents, despite its relevance, is still not solved in an optimal way and represents a wide field for clinical and pharmacological research. For patients, timely prevention of cerebral blood flow disorders should become a reasonable tactic:

to give up smoking
balanced diet
physical activity, frequent exposure to fresh air
timely treatment of osteochondrosis and neuroinfections
reduction of irrational visual loads and time spent at the computer
a balanced attitude to drug treatment, with the rejection of a large number of unnecessary nootropics
attention to the recommendations of neurologists and angiosurgeons.

From birth, a person is endowed with the ability to remember a variety of events and dates. This feature is getting better every day. However, in some cases, people experience a deterioration in attention and memory. This problem is often observed in persons who have reached the age of 40-45 years. This pathology does not apply to hereditary factors or age-related features. Unfortunately, this is a real disease that can occur in any person. There are many reasons for memory loss. These are chronic illnesses, lack of microelements and vitamins, circulatory disorders. But the result is the same. The activity of brain cells is significantly reduced. Such patients came to the aid of modern medicine. She developed wonderful medicines to improve memory and cerebral circulation.

Main causes of the problem

It is difficult to overestimate the importance of the functioning of the brain. It regulates all processes, is the source of intelligence. The brain is a kind of cybernetic machine, which is entangled with thousands of wires - capillaries and vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients with blood. For him, both a lack of blood supply and excessive blood supply are detrimental.

Such a process is independently regulated by a healthy organism. It is called "autoregulation". In case of its violation, people are recommended special medications to improve memory and cerebral circulation.

Often the causes of pathology are the following factors:

vascular atherosclerosis. Cholesterol builds up in the body. Plaques are deposited on the walls of blood vessels. As a result, they become blocked. Which significantly impairs the process of blood circulation.
Hypertonic disease. Very often, pressure drops contribute to circulatory disorders.
Constant stress.
Head injury. With such pathologies, blood circulation is disturbed as a result of hemorrhage.
Chronic fatigue. This condition leads to failures in the functioning of the main body systems.
Physical exercise. Sources of pathology are not only intense exercise. Sometimes a long stay in an uncomfortable position is enough to disrupt blood circulation.
Scoliosis, osteochondrosis. Problems with the spine provoke a large number of pathological conditions. Often, ailments of the cervical region disrupt cerebral circulation.

The above pathologies signal the need to consult a doctor. It is he who will select the necessary funds that improve cerebral circulation.

Symptoms of pathology

In the initial stages, the above disorders are usually asymptomatic. Over time, the pathology begins to progress. Significantly reduced cerebral circulation.

The following symptoms may be observed:

Headache (constant). This symptom should never be ignored. Taking painkillers only delays the problem. You need to contact a doctor. This will avoid many unpleasant consequences, one of which is a stroke.
Frequent dizziness. A sign that may indicate not only circulatory disorders, but also other ailments.
Eye pain. High intensity is fixed at the end of the day. Particular discomfort occurs when moving the eyes.
Nausea, vomiting. This symptom can accompany many diseases. If we are talking about circulatory disorders, then it is combined with all or several of the above symptoms.
Numbness, convulsions. Such pathologies often occur “for no reason”.
Change in perception, loss of consciousness. In this pathological condition, you should contact a specialist as soon as possible.
Ringing, noise, stuffy ears. The longer such signs last, the more seriously the circulatory disturbance is fixed.
Chills, fever, high blood pressure.

In such situations, you should not self-medicate. Seeing a doctor is a must! A competent specialist will send the patient for examination. And only after that he will prescribe the necessary funds that improve cerebral circulation.

Memory impairment caused by diseases requires medical professional assistance. There is only one way to improve it - to get rid of the cause of the disease.

If the problem lies in chronic stress and fatigue, you should start with lifestyle changes. Such patients need fresh air, sports, good rest.

At the same time, a person must understand how to improve cerebral circulation with the help of modern drugs.

Elderly people. As a rule, they have a memory impairment, high fatigue. There is a reduced ability to mentally concentrated activity, impaired hearing and vision, and frequent forgetfulness. Improving memory for the elderly can provide the following nootropic drugs: Nootropil, Phenotropil. Doctors notice that such drugs quickly contribute to the recovery of the patient. They are effective even in severe cases.
Middle aged people. Persons leading an active life often face the need to improve their memory. For such purposes, the following funds can be recommended: "Tanakan", "Bilobil". To increase intellectual abilities, performance or stress, the drug "Phenotropil" is effective.
Students. Difficult and responsible exams require increased concentration. For such purposes, it is advisable to take the drug "Phenotropil". In addition to the ability to concentrate, the drug will reduce the negative effects of stress. A month before the start of the session, it is recommended to start taking Bilobil or Tanakan funds.
To improve memory, increase the learning ability of schoolchildren and their best performance, children can be recommended an effective drug "Pantogam".

List of medicines

The following medicines for improving memory and cerebral circulation are recognized as effective today:

"Piracetam".
"Glycine".
"Intellan".
Memoplant.
Phenotropil.
"Vitrum memory".
"Tanakan".
"Pantogam".

Let's consider them.

The drug "Piracetam"

To improve cerebral circulation, this medicine is often prescribed. It is produced in tablets, ampoules and capsules. It is prescribed under the following conditions:

circulatory disorders in the brain;
chronic cerebral vascular insufficiency;
violation of attention, memory, speech sphere, intellectual processes;
the occurrence of headaches, dizziness;
decrease in mental and motor activity of the patient;
failure in the emotional-volitional sphere (depression, hypochondria, asthenic condition);
disturbed exchange of processes;
reduced energy reserve of the body;
perinatal brain injury in babies, oligophrenia, mental retardation, cerebral palsy.

Contraindications for admission are:

kidney failure;
allergic reactions to food essences;
pregnancy, lactation;
sensitivity to the active substance - piracetam.

There may be side effects in the form of sleep disturbance, insomnia, anxiety or irritability. The medicine can exacerbate heart failure, provoke a malfunction of the gastrointestinal tract.

The drug "Glycine"

Modern pharmacology has provided patients with effective drugs to improve memory and cerebral circulation. One of them is the drug "Glycine".

The medicine is indicated for the following factors:

decrease in mental activity and its performance;
prolonged and severe stressful situations;
behavior of children and adolescents that differs from the norm;
emotional lability and increased excitability;
neuroses and neurotic states;
worsening sleep;
memory disorders and decreased concentration.

The drug is well tolerated and is contraindicated only in case of sensitivity to the active substance - glycine.

Side effects may occur while taking it:

allergic reaction;
noise in ears;
excessive sleepiness.

Medicine "Intellan"

Many drugs for cerebral circulation can improve the patient's condition. A fairly effective remedy is the medicine "Intellan".

It is advisable to take it when:

circulatory disorders in the brain;
memory impairment;
decrease in concentration;
deterioration of intellectual functions;
prolonged stress;
asthenic states of a neurotic or psychogenic nature;
chronic fatigue;
depressive states.

Sometimes the medicine is used to improve the general condition of babies who have mental retardation.

We should not forget about contraindications. The drug is not used in case of:

diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2;
exudative diathesis;
individual intolerance;
pregnancy or lactation period.

Memoplant drug

Treatment of cerebral circulation can be based on this tool. The active active ingredient of the drug is an extract of the leaves of two-lobed ginkgo.

The remedy is prescribed for the following pathologies:

Violation of blood circulation in the brain (the drug can also improve peripheral circulation).
Impairment of memory and ability to concentrate.
Decreased intelligence.
Negative emotional state.
Constant bad mood.
Noise in the ears, dizziness.

The drug has a number of contraindications:

erosive gastritis;
circulatory disorders of the brain in acute form;
the phenomenon of hypocoagulation;
peptic ulcer in the acute stage;
age up to 12 years;
myocardial infarction in the acute period;
pregnancy, lactation;
intolerance to the active substance.

The drug "Phenotropil"

An effective tool for patients who need to improve memory and attention. Drugs should be selected by a doctor. Do not forget that the effectiveness of the fight against pathologies lies in the correct therapy.

The main indications for use are:

ailments of the central nervous system;
deterioration of intelligence, decrease in attention and memory;
neurotic states, increased exhaustion and lethargy;
depression of moderate and mild severity;
reduced stress tolerance.

The drug is not indicated for the following conditions:

pregnancy, lactation;
organic lesions of the liver and kidneys;
pronounced atherosclerosis;
allergy to nootropics.

During the reception may occur: insomnia, increased pressure, psychomotor agitation, swelling of the skin.

Medicine "Vitrum memory"

The doctor may prescribe these tablets for cerebral circulation.

It is advisable to take them when:

reduced attention;
impaired memorization of information and its reproduction;
reduced speed of thinking;
decrease in intellectual abilities;
deterioration of vision, hearing, speech.

The medicine has the following contraindications:

the phenomenon of hypocoagulation;
sensitivity to ingredients;
acute stage of myocardial infarction;
ulcer, erosive gastritis;
arterial hypotension;
children under 12;
pregnant, lactating mothers.

The use of the drug may be accompanied by side effects, such as the occurrence of headaches, allergic manifestations on the skin, dizziness.

Medicine "Tanakan"

This tool is also used to improve cerebral circulation. Its appointment is justified under the following conditions:

The consequences of encephalopathy of various origins (stroke, traumatic brain injury), which provoke a decrease in memory and attention, thought processes, and sleep disorders.
Asthenic state of a psychogenic nature, consequences of brain injury, neurotic depression.

The drug is not recommended in case of hypersensitivity to its components, during pregnancy and lactation. Sometimes side effects can be observed in the form of allergic reactions, headaches, gastrointestinal dysfunctions.

The drug "Pantogam"

The main indications for its use are:

Changes in the vessels of the brain in adults and children.
Hereditary ailments of the nervous system that affect memory, quality of attention and performance.
Organic brain damage.
Mental deficiency in children, affecting the development of speech and cognitive processes.

If we consider contraindications, then these are:

severe renal failure;
pregnancy (first trimester);
hypersensitivity to ingredients.

In some cases, the use of this drug may be accompanied by the following side effects:

Allergy in the form of conjunctivitis, rhinitis, skin rash.
Sleep disturbance, sometimes drowsiness, tinnitus.

The most effective and popular medicines for improving memory and cerebral circulation were discussed above.

For the brain, the lack of oxygen and nutrients is the most detrimental compared to other tissues of the human body. If the cerebral blood supply is insufficient, then the work of the central nervous system is disrupted, which leads to disability or death. Cerebral circulation is disturbed as a result of vascular lesions of an organic nature or functional disorders.

In addition to acute brain damage, such as stroke, leading to nerve damage, there is in most cases chronic circulatory failure in the brain. Symptoms are memory impairment, decreased intelligence, impaired coordination. In old age, these manifestations become more noticeable and burden the patient.

Directions for delivering patients from impaired blood supply to the brain

Much attention is paid to the development of directions for the treatment of patients with brain failure and memory impairment:

measures to prevent further progression of the disease;
reduction of dysfunction and neurological deficit in the affected areas;
assistance in the adaptation of patients and improving the quality component of their lives.

In complex treatment, drugs are used that increase cerebral blood supply, increase metabolic processes in the brain tissue of elderly people, and certain drugs that reduce the manifestations of cerebrovascular changes.

Medications to improve cerebral circulation

The main directions of therapeutic effect and preventive measures are the use of:

tablets for vasodilatation;
medicines that prevent platelets from joining and blood clotting;
psychostimulants;
nootropic drugs.

Indications for the use of drugs that increase blood flow

These drugs are used to treat a person with diseases of the nervous system and healthy people in situations of overwork, emergency psychological stress and with the achievement of old age. Indications for improving blood flow to the brain are:

acute and sudden disturbances in the supply of the brain with blood (stroke, etc.);
injuries of the craniocerebral box and further consequences;
impaired blood flow in the brain as a result of a disease (atherosclerosis, etc.);
persistent increase in blood pressure (hypertension);
overwork as a result of brain activity;
vascular disease (vegetovascular dystonia).

Tablets are taken for a long time, the course lasts up to 4 months, 2-3 courses are calculated per year. Some means to increase efficiency are combined with each other, for example, actovegin comes in combination with instenon or piracetam, piracetam interacts well with gliatilin, etc.

Vasodilator drugs

The drugs used as vasodilators are selected with different treatment mechanisms:

antispasmodics;
calcium channel blockers.

All of these drugs have one significant drawback, which is that they do not have a selective effect in the treatment. Together with the vessels of the brain, they also relax and dilate the peripheral vessels, thereby reducing pressure, so the supply of nutrients and oxygen to the brain may become less intense.

The latest generation drugs - calcium channel blockers (cinnarizine, nimodipine) stimulate vessels mainly in the brain, without causing changes in the systemic blood flow. Vinpocetine, obtained as a derivative of the vinca alkaloid, is recognized as an effective drug for stimulating blood circulation in the brain. Tablets relax exactly the head vessels, improve metabolic processes in the brain tissues, increase platelet aggregation, and increase the microcirculation of nutrients.

Medicines that regulate blood coagulation are used for prevention, divided into types:

antiplatelet agents;
anticoagulants.

Correctors of blood circulation in the brain

The main medicines are recognized:

vinpocetine(bravinton) improves blood flow in the brain, makes blood vessels elastic, reduces the toxicity of harmful substances, produced in Russia;
vasobral(dihydroergocryptine - alpha in combination with caffeine), relaxes blood vessels, prevents migraines, stimulates metabolic processes in brain tissues, manufactured in France;
vero- vinpocetine increases blood flow, relaxes the vessels of the brain, has antihypoxic and antiaggregatory effects, produced by Russia, Spain;
instenon contains etofillin in combination with etamivan and hexobendine, improves coronary and cerebral circulation, has antispasmodic, analeptic, coronary dilating effect, improves metabolic processes in brain and myocardial tissues, produced by Norway;
caviton relaxes the walls of blood vessels, increases blood flow, has an antihypoxic and antiaggregatory effect, produces Hungary.

Psychostimulants

They contribute to an increase in the activity of the central nervous system and the concentration of mediators, therefore they are used for similar neurosis and asthenic state of the brain with circulatory disorders, sometimes injuries and bruises contribute to this. Means are used for difficult physical work, and mental stress.

With repeated repetition of long courses of treatment, medications contribute to insomnia, anxiety, irritability, and are addictive and addictive. Medicines act for a short time, relieve drowsiness, fatigue, accelerate thought processes, and contribute to the activation of motor processes in the body.

nootropic medicines

They are used to improve memorization, increase intelligence, help those who are wondering how to improve memory after 50 years, help overcome the period of oxygen starvation in case of impaired blood flow, relieve the effects of neurological disorders, Medicines improve metabolic processes in the nerve processes, contribute to their capacity to work in conditions of lack of oxygen , drugs have such properties:

glycine;
sodium oxybate;
piracetam;
pyritinol;
preparations of gamma - aminobutyric acid.

Many of the drugs in this group are produced by processing the brain matter of animals, so they are classified as natural medicines. The main effect of the use of tablets is metabolic, which manifests itself in an increase in plastic and bioenergetic metabolism in nerve tissues. The drugs activate the excretion of glucose from brain cells, increase the biological synthesis of proteins, adenositrium phosphate, ribonucleic acid, and phospholepids.

In the course of numerous studies, it has been found that nootropics affect neurotransmitter systems (have a mediator effect), contribute to the accelerated flow of excitatory impulses in CNS neurons, and facilitate the transfer of information between the cerebral hemispheres. Nootropics have three major effects on the body:

nootropic;
restorative;
cerebroprotective.

Nootropic drugs and psychostimulants

Such medicines include:

akatinol(memantine) in the form of neuroprotective drops for oral administration, manufacturer Germany;
actovegin, an animal preparation in the form of a dragee to improve metabolism in brain tissues, is produced by Norway;
biotredin, composed of threonine and pyridoxine, has anti-withdrawal, anti-alcohol, nootropic effects, normalizes metabolism, is produced in Russia;
gliatilin(choline alfoscerate) is produced in Italy in the form of neuroprotective capsules;
glycine to remove stressful consequences, normalizing metabolism, produced by Russia;
nootbril(piracetam) - nootropic capsules, produced in Russia;
nootropil in the form of drops and solution for injections, Poland and Belgium produce;
pantogam in tablets it has a cerebroprotective, nootropic, anticonvulsant effect, produced in Russia;
Phezam to dilate blood vessels, reduce hypoxia, produced in Bulgaria.

Improving memory in the elderly

Memory is one of the main functional features of the human brain.

If some areas in the brain are affected due to various causes (vascular diseases), then partial or complete loss of memory is observed.

The cause of vascular damage can be a head injury, infection, constant use of alcoholic beverages, pathological processes in the thyroid gland.

Very rarely, global transient amnesia is observed in elderly patients. Memory loss occurs over a period of time (for example, several hours) and is described in medical practice as a person's poor ability to remember information received.

Anterograde amnesia is characterized by the fact that patients no longer remember recent events and actions. This can happen in case of severe stress or a sudden change in the temperature of the surrounding space, for example, excessive heating of the body or cooling.

In both cases, a person is lost, cannot navigate in space, is disoriented in time, does not know where he is, how he ended up here. The same questions are repeated over and over, since he cannot remember the answers. At the same time, information about one's own personality is preserved and no other deviations of neurological activity are observed.

Patients with memory impairment are examined to exclude other diseases (cerebrovascular disorders, epilepsy, transient ischemic attacks, migraine). Global amnesia is most often manifested by a single episode, but sometimes there is a repetition. If the medical examination did not reveal heart or vascular disease, then the prognosis is positive.

Medications to improve memory

One of the most important nootropic drugs is cerebrolysin, which is an animal-based medicine made from the pig brain. The Austrian medicinal product contains a large number of components, including active peptides and low molecular weight amino acids. The drug is successfully used for the treatment of dementia (dementia in old age) and post-stroke conditions.

The drug increases the rate of formation and differentiation of nerve ending cells, stabilizes metabolic processes in the brain, activates antigenesis and restores blood vessels in degenerative ischemic tissues, reduces the stimulating effect of aspartate and glutamate, and improves the patient's mood. Cerebrolysin has a neurorestorative effect in the form of a natural stimulator of the formation of new nerve cells.

The main problems of the onset of dementia include chronic neuronal degenerative diseases and cerebrovascular insufficiency. The drug Cerebrolysin stops or significantly stops the development of degeneration of nerve fibers. Neurotrophic, neuroprotective and metabolic action of the drug determines the appropriateness of its use in stroke, diabetic neuropathy.

An equally effective drug for the treatment of senile insanity, memory loss in elderly patients is the medication of Bulgarian pharmacists phezam. The composition of the capsule includes 25 mg of cinnarizine and 400 mg of piracetam. Cinnarizine in the preparation promotes an increase in blood circulation in the brain, which happens after the expansion of the lumen of the head vessels. The drug reduces the response excitability of the vestibular apparatus. Indications for prescribing the drug are:

impaired blood supply to the brain in sclerosis, ischemic stroke, in the period after hemorrhagic stroke, after brain and cranial injuries;
constant manifestation of irritability and depression;
other disorders (Ménière's disease, encephalopathy).

Phezam improves learning and improves the memorization of information by children with intellectual disabilities. In pediatrics, the drug is used to reduce fatigue, with difficulties in remembering information and new information. Studies have shown that the drug actively relieves mental retardation in elderly patients, treats depression, hypochondria.

The drug increases memory capacity, increases concentration on the subject, diversifies the sphere of emotions, helps with insomnia. The drug is recognized as safe to use not only in elderly patients, but also in children after they reach 5 years of age. It is well tolerated by the body, has a small list of contraindications, in particular, hepatic and renal ailments, pregnancy and lactation.

Attention, only TODAY!

Medicines to improve memory and cerebral circulation in the elderly stimulate and support brain function, affecting the quality of life in adulthood. Physiological aging is a natural process. The ability to comprehend what is seen and heard is noticeably deteriorating, associative links are weakening, the perception of information and its transmission become more difficult. Older people suddenly realize that their memory and concentration function is getting worse.

1 The essence of the problem

Memory is the basis of the psychological process of information and its preservation. Subsequently, it becomes the basis of actions emanating from the generalized experience of a person. Concentration is the focusing of mental activity on achieving a specific goal.

With age, there is a violation of cerebral circulation in the elderly (a decrease in blood flow to the brain) and an increase in dysfunctions: neurons die, the "logistics" of information delivery (functions of neurotransmitters) to the most important centers of the brain breaks down. A physical malfunction of the hippocampus, which is responsible for the formation and "retrieval" of memories, leads to memory problems.

In most cases, the failure concerns short-term memory. The long-term still functions flawlessly. If there are still violations of long-term memory, then they are not the result of aging, but a consequence of diseases, an unhealthy lifestyle, experienced stress, alcoholism, hypovitaminosis.

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Knowing about their forgetfulness, old people experience awkwardness, insecurity, and difficulties in communication. Their vocabulary decreases, difficulties arise in comprehending new information and remembering it.

The prolongation of the normal functioning of the brain to a certain extent depends on the person himself. Required:

1. Feasible physical activity (exercise, walking, running, cycling).
2. Good sleep and rest.
3. A positive attitude that helps deal with stressful situations.
4. Proper nutrition with an abundance of vegetables and fruits containing antioxidants, fish (unsaturated fatty acids), black bread, bran, nuts, pumpkin seeds, soy.
5. Memory and concentration training: memorizing poems, street names, countries, playing checkers, chess, solving crossword puzzles, puzzles, reading and retelling what was read, counting back (for example, from 100).

This process requires system, repetition, patience and calmness. If memory lapses become noticeable, you should talk to your doctor as soon as possible and have a thorough physical examination. Early diagnosis will help to cure some of the phenomena of memory loss, reduce vascular dementia, improve quality of life with the help of drugs.

2 Arsenal of nootropic drugs

Substances that activate mental activity and cognitive functions have a specific effect on brain function. Natural or synthetic nootropics that improve brain nutrition and circulation with minimal side effects make it more resistant to adverse factors.

Nootropics are varied. Some of them - "correct" - have the desired effect, improving memory and concentration. Others - neuroprotectors - fight hypoxia, can be antioxidants, antidepressants and stimulate vision. Some of them are presented in the table:

Medicine	Trade names with active ingredient	Action	Indications
Vinpocetine		Vasodilator, antiaggregant, antihypoxic Cerebral blood flow corrector Improves microcirculation and stimulates metabolism in brain tissues Improves visual acuity	Mild and moderate forms of senile dementia Not assigned: in severe forms of coronary heart disease and arrhythmias; with increased intracranial pressure; in the first 5-7 days after cerebral hemorrhagic stroke.
Piracetam	Nootropil, Memotropil, Lucetam, Amitropil	Improves blood circulation and prevents aggregation of blood vessels in the brain Increases the concentration of high-energy compounds in neurons, their tolerance to hypoxia	Memory impairment Difficulties in adaptation Pick's disease and Alzheimer's With senile dementia, cerebral ischemia
Citicoline		Nootropic Stimulant Repairs damaged cell membranes Enhances tolerance to brain hypoxia Eliminates ischemic and neurological disorders Restores cognitive activity of the brain	Violation of cerebral blood flow Acute period of stroke Rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury Vascular and degenerative diseases of the brain
Pyritinol	Encephabol, Pyriditol, Enerbol	Accelerates metabolic processes in the brain Strengthens the brain's endurance against hypoxia Activates cholinergic processes Increases the stability of cell membranes Activates blood flow and accelerates the delivery and utilization of oxygen in ischemic areas Weak antidepressant and sedative effect	nervous exhaustion Stroke and inflammation in the brain Metabolic and circulatory disorders Not assigned: with kidney disease, renal hematuria or proteinuria; with severe skin diseases; with blood diseases.

3 Clinical practice

All nootropics (from the words “mind” and “change”) work only in pathologically altered tissues, without harm to healthy ones.

Nootropics have been around for a century. Their list is constantly updated and includes a variety of products: from mild Glycine to potent drugs (Reminil, Rivastigmine, Donepezil) that improve the quality of life of people with Alzheimer's disease.

Among the relatively new drugs in clinical practice, the following drugs are widely used:

As a rule, new nootropics are complex substances, consisting of the main nootropic component and several additional ingredients: amino acids, antioxidants, vitamins.

4 Herbal remedies

In complex treatment, vasodilators, stimulants, antispasmodics, vitamin complexes, and natural preparations deserve attention. Pharmaceutical herbal remedies can also affect cerebral circulation and stimulate the central nervous system.

The most valuable in this respect are:

1. Bacopa Monnieri. An herbaceous plant native to North India with a nootropic and stimulating effect. Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the herb improve cognitive performance. In addition, they act as an antidepressant. The grass has a lot of other advantages regarding human health in general.
2. Rhodiola rosea. Reduces physical and mental fatigue. Stimulates the central nervous system, affecting the levels of neurotransmitters: dopamine and serotonin.
3. Lecithin (usually made from soy) is an important component of the cell membranes of all tissues, responsible for the processes of memory and thinking. Its use leads to their improvement, reducing the excitability of the nervous system, accelerating recovery after intense mental and physical work.
4. Ginkgo Biloba. Extract or tablets from the leaves of the plant improve memory, blood circulation of the brain, and relieve headaches. The plant contains many unique active substances. Recommended for people with symptoms of confusion, memory loss, headaches and dizziness, tinnitus. A powerful antioxidant protects the brain and heart from atherosclerosis and slows down aging.
5. Lobelin - an alkaloid isolated from swollen lobelia (bell family). It increases blood pressure, saliva production, potency, activates the process of learning and memory, mental performance, increases mobility, tolerance to fatigue.

Vitamins B12, phosphorus and magnesium are important for the normal functioning of the nervous system and the effective conduction of nerve signals. Vitamin A and zinc are essential to protect the body from premature aging. The task of older people is not to panic, to fight, to train their memory. The choice of the appropriate medication should be left to your doctor.

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Vascular changes or circulatory disorders are a fairly common problem of modern mankind. Stress, poor nutrition, insufficient vitamins, lack of time for rest, sedentary lifestyle, smoking and other bad habits - all this leads to the development of serious disorders in our body.

A number of signs can indicate a violation of blood circulation:

frequent headaches (migraines),
dizziness,
memory impairment,
nosebleeds,
pain in the region of the heart,
blurred vision,
changes in blood pressure,
vegetative dystonia,
numbness, cold extremities,
a feeling of suffocation,
phlebeurysm,
haemorrhoids.

Headache and dizziness are the main symptoms of circulatory disorders in the brain

To prevent and correct these symptoms, drugs are used to improve blood circulation.

These drugs can be divided into several categories depending on the factor causing the changes.

Medicines that improve brain microcirculation

They can be divided into three types.

Substances that promote vasodilation. Depending on the impact, they are:

neurotropic vasodilators - dilate blood vessels, affecting the central nervous system (Dihydroergotoxin);
myotropic vasodilators - increase the lumen of blood vessels, due to the relaxation of muscle fibers (Cavinton, Vincamine, Nimotop, Eufillin);
angioprotective - restoration of the elasticity of the vessel wall (Parmidin).

Cavinton dilates the vessels of the brain, increases blood flow and improves the supply of oxygen to neurons

Drugs that improve blood flow and regulate its coagulability. They differ in their properties:

antiaggregatory properties - prevent platelets from sticking together (Kurantil, Acetylsalicylic acid);
anticoagulant - prevent excessive blood clotting (Heparin, Warfarin);
low molecular weight dextrans - the ability of these medicinal substances to linger in the bloodstream, due to their low molecular weight, helps to normalize blood pressure and restore the volume of circulating blood (Reopoliglyukin).

Means aimed at lowering the level of lipids in the blood. Prevention of the formation of cholesterol plaques (Lovastatin).

Drugs that improve nutrition and metabolic processes in the brain

Medicines, the action of which is aimed at the regulation of oxygen consumption in the blood as the prevention of hypoxia, ischemia, etc. (Actovegin, Glycine).
Antioxidants - substances that neutralize the action of free radicals, normalize cell function (Tocopherol, Aevit).

Actovegin has a complex effect on metabolic processes in tissues

Means that accelerate metabolic processes in the brain, by accelerating the transmission of nerve impulses from one cell to another (Cerebrolysin).

Means that combine the first two groups

All medications are divided into the following groups:

synthetic - the composition of this type of drugs includes various chemicals;
biological - herbal medicines (Vinca alkaloids, Ginkgo biloba);
combined - mixed, containing both biological and synthetic, and components that enhance the effect of the former. This group also includes dietary supplements (biologically active substances), which are not drugs, but are widely used in medicine in combination with other chemicals.

Vasobral - a complex vasodilator drug

Vascular drugs to improve blood circulation should not be taken without a prescription from the attending physician, since taking these drugs, in an inaccurate dosage, can lead to negative consequences.

In addition to tablets, suppositories and solutions for injections, there are topical preparations that improve venous circulation (in the form of gels, ointments, creams). Their goals are aimed at eliminating the manifestations of congestion, such as varicose veins, thrombophlebitis.

These funds can be divided into several types:

The first includes substances that strengthen the walls of the blood vessel, increase their elasticity and strength, and also prevent their permeability - phlebotonics (Troxerutin, Troxevasin).
The second type includes substances based on heparin, which improve the movement of blood through the vessels. They thin the blood, prevent sticking and accumulation of blood cells, reducing the risk of thrombosis and hematomas (Heparin ointment, Hepatrombin).
Another variety is herbal ointments, the composition may include extracts of horse chestnut, ginkgo biloba, calendula, menthol, etc. (Cycloven, Normoven, Dr. Theis ointment - venen gel).

The choice of drugs for topical use is quite wide. Before use, it is advisable to consult a doctor. But if this problem caught you on the road, for example, and there is no such possibility, you need to pay attention to the composition of the remedy you have chosen to exclude allergic reactions to the components of the ointment.

Content

In case of poor functioning of the vessels and the central nervous system, doctors prescribe drugs to improve cerebral circulation. They help eliminate the consequences of diseases, prevent blood stasis, improve memory and perception of information. Medicines are divided into several large groups that differ in the principle of influencing diseases.

Treatment of cerebral circulation

Under the violation of cerebral circulation in medicine is understood as a failure in the work of the vessels of the brain and spinal cord. This pathological process affects the arteries, veins, causing thrombosis, embolism, narrowing of the lumen, aneurysms. Depending on the severity of the disease and its localization, doctors prescribe various drugs that contribute to recovery.

It is possible to use drugs to significantly improve cerebral circulation according to the following indications:

hemorrhagic stroke;
cerebral infarction;
hemorrhages;
foci of tissue necrosis;
scarring;
small cysts.

Each brain disease is unique, and the development of the disease may be accompanied by individual problems. However, there are some general symptoms, when they appear, you should consult a doctor for a detailed examination by prescribing drugs:

violations of coordination;
memory problems;
sensitivity disorder;
paresis, paralysis;
epileptic seizures;
dysfunction of the sense organs.

What are drugs to improve cerebral circulation

Popular drugs in violation of cerebral circulation help to normalize the body after illnesses - atherosclerosis, stroke, injuries, osteochondrosis, hypertension. Medicines can remove dizziness, improve memory, relieve headaches. They can be used to eliminate the consequences of already cured diseases.

Main types of drugs

To achieve a better blood supply to the vessels of the brain, doctors prescribe the following groups of drugs:

vasodilators - vasodilators;
preventing thrombosis - antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants;
nootropics that affect the higher activity of the brain;
alpha-blockers - lower blood pressure, relieve spasms.

Once in the human body, these medicines have a complex effect on blood vessels and blood cells:

dilate blood vessels;
reduce the adhesion of platelets;
reduce blood viscosity;
increase the plasticity of erythrocytes;
provide brain cells with glucose and oxygen, increase their resistance to hypoxia.

Nootropic drugs that improve nutrition and blood circulation of the brain

Medicines for improving memory and cerebral circulation, belonging to the group of nootropics, are considered popular. They restore brain function after hypoxia, strokes, skull injuries, but do not affect blood circulation. Nootropics stimulate metabolic processes in the affected tissues. This group of drugs includes:

Piracetam and analogues;
Pyridoxine and its derivatives (Encephabol);
neuroamino acids - Phenibut, Pantogam, Picamilon (has a strong calming effect), Glutamic acid, Glycine;
choline alfoscerate;
ginkgo biloba and its derivatives;
Cerebrolysin;
sodium oxybutyrate - has a strong hypnotic effect.

Homeopathic preparations

At the first signs of cerebrovascular insufficiency, it is recommended to take the homeopathic preparation Golden Iodine. It helps to cope with tinnitus, headaches, unsteady gait and memory loss. Doctors are not always positive about homeopathy, but if the patient, with the help of a specialist, selects the right one (for example, Microhydrin), then the effect will be pronounced and stable.

vitamins

Auxiliary substances will work well to improve blood circulation in the brain. Vitamins are an important element of complex therapy:

Askorutin - a drug with vitamin C and rutin, designed to strengthen the walls of capillaries, is prescribed prophylactically;
nicotinic acid - prescribed only by a doctor, used for electrophoresis, improves blood supply to the brain with cervical osteochondrosis;
complexes of vitamins of group B - Milgamma, Pentovit, Neuromultivit.

Vasodilators

Tablets to improve cerebral circulation can also be vasodilators. They affect not only the vessels of the brain, but also the circulatory system as a whole, improve the supply of cells with oxygen and nutrients, and stabilize blood flow. Vasodilators include:

calcium antagonists (dihydropyridines) - blockers of slow calcium channels, relax the arterial walls without affecting the venous ones;
Cinnarizine, Phezam, Omaron - drugs of the latest generations, affect the entire body, are used as directed by a doctor;
first generation - Nifedipine, Finoptin, Diazem;
second generation - Isradipin, Klentiazem;
third generation - Norvasc, Amlodipine.

Antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants

Anticoagulants and antiaggregants will help to achieve a decrease in blood viscosity and improve its fluidity. Due to their properties, cerebral circulation is normalized. Drugs are used at risk of ischemia. The following medicines are recognized as the most effective:

antiplatelet agents (prevent the formation of blood clots) - Aspirin, Aspilat, Akuprin, Curantil, Trental;
anticoagulants (improve capillary microcirculation) - Warfarin, Clexane, Heparin. Fraxiparine.

Flavonoids

Vascular preparations (flavonoids) are designed to improve blood circulation in the brain due to tonic and strengthening effects. They cleanse the body of toxins. The group includes herbal preparations, when they are used, there is no effect on the work of the heart. Auxiliary agents from flavonoids are:

preparations of ginkgo biloba (Tanakan, Bilobil) - relieve spasms, improve microcirculation, relieve swelling, lead to normalization of intracranial pressure;
drugs with periwinkle small (Cavinton, Vinpocetine) - antispasmodics, do not allow blood clots to form, increase blood flow. They are prescribed only by a doctor, self-medication is unacceptable, since these are potent drugs that have a number of contraindications.

Disaggregants

Antithrombotic drugs that reduce blood viscosity and prevent blockage of blood vessels are called antiplatelet agents. Their intake increases capillary microcirculation, improves blood flow. These include:

angioprotectors - Curantil, Doxy-Khem, Vasonit, Pentoxifylline - are available in the format of a dragee, solution for infusion, tablets;
tablets and solution for intravenous administration - Anginal, Coribon, Trancocard, Aprikor, Parsedil.

Preparations based on nicotinic acid

Among the potent drugs to improve cerebral circulation, drugs can be distinguished, which include nicotinic acid. They do not affect large vessels, but dilate capillaries, strengthen their walls and lower blood cholesterol levels. They are used only as directed by a doctor (injection solution or tablets) and under control to prevent complications and side effects. Here are some popular drugs:

Enduratin;
Nikoshpan;
Nicofuranose;
Acipimox.

Microcirculation correctors

Preparations for improving blood circulation in the vessels of the brain from the group of microcirculation correctors control the condition of capillaries, improve overall well-being, neutralize dizziness, unsteady gait, and alleviate the symptoms of chronic and acute diseases. The duration of the course of admission is determined by the doctor, depending on how severe the disease is. Popular drugs are:

Betaserc (Betahistine);
Vestibo;
Tagist.

Medications for cerebral vessels for the elderly

People over 70 should pay special attention to nootropics for the brain. They help to enhance the process of saturation of cells with oxygen and blood, which increases the absorption of glucose. Sugar improves concentration, memory and performance. In old age, nootropics (Nootropil) help restore memory. The drug should be taken daily for a month. in the second month, the dose is halved. The result is noticeable already in the first seven days.

The downside of nootropics is addiction and the need to increase the dose. To avoid this, doctors recommend taking breaks or replacing medications with others. For prevention, in addition to nootropics, the elderly can use:

vitamins - complexes with a component of ginseng extract Vision, Biotredin, Vitrum Memory;
Glycine or Glycine-Forte - eliminates the effects of sclerosis and amnesia, helps with active intellectual activity (suitable even for a child);
Intellan - stimulates brain activity, but is contraindicated in patients with diabetes;
Piracetam, Phenotropil - improve blood circulation, activate metabolic processes;
Tanakan, Phenibut - stimulate mental activity, eliminate excessive anxiety.

Injections to improve cerebral circulation

To expand the cerebral vessels, doctors often prescribe injections to patients. With injections, active substances penetrate the blood faster, tone the walls of blood vessels, providing a maximum effect. Medicines with which injections can be performed are divided into the following groups:

neurotropic action - affect the nervous tissue (Validol, Reserpine);
myotropic - affect muscles and fibers (Papaverine, Dibazol);
mixed from the nitrate group - Nitroglycerin, Nitrosorbitol;
based on the alkaloid from the periwinkle - Vincetine, Vinpocetine, Cavinton, Telektol, Bravinton - eliminate vasospasm, expand the lumen, improve metabolism in tissues, eliminate blood clots;
on the basis of nicotinic acid - Enduratin, Nikoshpan - affect the capillaries, eliminate cholesterol plaques;
vasodilators - Drotaverine (No-shpa), Eufillin, Piracetam.

Preparations after a stroke to improve cerebral circulation

In old age, people often experience ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, leading to impaired brain function. To improve functionality and blood circulation, the following drugs are used:

to reduce and destroy blood clots - Prourokinase, Streptokinase, Activator;
to reduce the risk of embolism - Fraxiparine, Clexane;
anticoagulants - Warfarin, Sinkumar;
antiplatelet agents - Aspirin, Ticlopedin, Dipyridamole;
dextrans (to increase the volume of circulating blood) - Reopoliglyukin, Reomacrodex;
from high blood pressure - ACE inhibitors;
vasodilators - Pentoxifylline, Trental;
for recovery - nootropics, dietary supplements.

The human brain is a unique organ that simultaneously controls millions of processes and whose capabilities have not yet been fully explored. This is an amazing creation of nature, very sensitive to lack of oxygen.

Cell death occurs after only 5 minutes without a blood supply. Therefore, in order to have an active childhood, high performance in youth and a clear head in old age, it is necessary to have normal blood circulation in the brain. Violation of the blood supply is treatable thanks to the possibilities of modern pharmacology.

When is circulatory stimulation necessary?

A healthy body independently regulates blood circulation, this process is called autoregulation. For certain reasons, blood circulation is disturbed, as a result of which oxygen starvation begins in brain cells.

Lack of oxygen can be recognized by the characteristic symptoms:

Frequent headaches;
Regular dizziness;
memory disorder;
Pain in the eyes, worse on moving the eyes and in the evening;
Noise and ringing in the ears;
Change in perception and consciousness.

Children born by caesarean section and experienced asphyxia due to entanglement of the umbilical cord, as well as other birth injuries. This category always has a risk of postnatal encephalopathy, cerebral palsy, and vascular epilepsy.
Children during puberty, they have a risk of spasms of cerebral vessels during hormonal changes. Adolescents, when their mental load increases in the process of studying the school curriculum.
Adults with diseases that are associated with impaired blood supply to the brain (postoperative arterial thrombi, atherosclerosis, cervical osteochondrosis);
elderly people who have a high risk of developing vascular atherosclerosis and stroke due to a decrease in the elasticity of the vessel walls.

Experts do not recommend prescribing drugs to restore cerebral circulation on their own. These are serious drugs that have many side effects. The use of such drugs is justified for restoring pressure, after an ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, in vascular diseases.

Sometimes drugs are prescribed to strengthen memory and increase efficiency, but only after a medical diagnosis.

Therapy can either have a duration of several months or be lifelong.

How to improve blood circulation

To restore the blood supply to the brain, drugs of the following groups are used:

Medicines that prevent thrombosis (anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents);
Vasodilators (vasodilators);
Nootropics that affect higher brain activity.

How the drugs work:

Expand blood vessels;
Reduce aggregation (gluing) of platelets;
Reduce blood viscosity;
Increase the plasticity of erythrocytes.

As a result, blood flow increases, blood supply improves, and brain cells are better supplied with oxygen and glucose, and their resistance to hypoxia increases.

Vasodilator drugs

This is a huge group of drugs that are used to treat various diseases. They dilate blood vessels, resulting in improved blood supply, therefore, the central nervous system and brain cells receive useful substances. They stimulate energy metabolism and cellular metabolism, increasing brain activity. Vasodilators are used as heart medicines.

calcium antagonists

They have a relaxing effect on the arteries, without changing the tone of the walls of the veins. Calcium blockers have long been successfully used in the treatment of pathologies of the cardiovascular system. Today, the 3rd generation of these drugs is being produced.

List of calcium antagonist drugs:

Drug group	Drug names
1st generation drugs	Delacor;
	Nifedipine;
	Verapamil.
2nd generation drugs	Klentiazem;
	Verapamil SR;
	Felodipine.
The group of dihydropyridines represents a new generation of drugs	Stamlo;
	Norvask;
	Alodipine.

Antispasmodics

Antispasmodics expand the lumen and relax the muscles of the walls of blood vessels. Antispasmodics are the safest and mildest of vasodilators, but they should be taken with caution in people of age. This is due to the fact that they practically do not act on vessels affected by atherosclerosis, and distribute blood to healthy areas.

Therefore, older people are usually prescribed calcium antagonists. The most commonly used antispasmodics no-shpa and drotaverine hydrochloride.

Alpha blockers

These drugs normalize blood flow in the vessels of the brain and metabolism in tissues, help in case of oxygen starvation, which appeared as a result of vasospasm. Among them are Sermion and Nicergoline derivatives.

Combined drugs

They contain substances that have different effects.

This group includes:

Vasobral- contains alphadihydroergocryptine and caffeine.
Instenon- includes etofillin, etomivan, hexobendin.

Drugs that reduce blood viscosity

Antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants increase fluidity and reduce blood viscosity, which normalizes the blood supply to the brain.

Anticoagulants

Warfarin;
Heparin;
Fragmin;
Fraxiparine;
Clexane.

Improve microcirculation and reduce blood clotting. Such drugs are allowed to be taken only after a doctor's prescription.

An urgent visit to the doctor is necessary only in the case when, after the use of anticoagulants, vomiting with blood, black feces and bruises on the body appear.

Antiplatelet agents

These drugs reduce the viscosity of the blood. Antiplatelet agents are indicated in case of a tendency to microstrokes and thrombosis. Helps prevent thromboembolism. If blood circulation is disturbed, they are prescribed after examining the patient and conducting tests.

This group includes:

Curantyl;
Aspirin;
ThromboASS;
Aspilat;
Ticlopidin.

Preparations based on nicotinic acid

Vitamin PP, or nicotinic acid, dilates capillaries, but does not have a significant effect on large vessels. Sometimes such drugs are prescribed in case of cerebral circulation disorders. Their ability to lower the level of "bad" cholesterol reduces the fragility of the walls of blood vessels. In case of violation of the blood supply to the brain, Enduratin, Nikoshpan, Acipimox are prescribed.

Self-treatment with nicotinic acid can cause severe negative consequences, so vascular therapy should be carried out exclusively under the supervision of the attending physician. In the course of treatment, the doctor makes injections within several courses, then after the injections, tablets are prescribed.

Nootropics

This group includes the following tools:

Piracetam;
Glycine;
Phenotropil;
Pantogam;
Cerebrolysin;
Actovegin.

Nootropics are strong antioxidants that increase the body's resistance to harmful factors and resistance to oxygen starvation, improve cognitive activity and brain metabolism, prevent fatigue and depression, and increase mental performance.

Nootropics have the following indications for use:

Memory disorders;
Mental retardation in vascular pathology;
Asthenic syndromes;
Vegetative-vascular dystonia;
Impaired mental function;
problems concentrating;
Ischemic strokes;
Alcoholic encephalopathy.

Nootropics can be taken only after the appointment of the attending physician as a result of a thorough examination.

They are contraindicated in healthy people and affect only the affected tissues.

herbal remedies

The active substances of such drugs are alkaloids of plant origin. These drugs have almost no contraindications. Used to treat and prevent circulatory disorders of the brain. Particularly common are preparations based on periwinkle and biloba plants.

Biloba-based preparations have a complex effect on blood vessels:

Remove vasospasm;
Improve microcirculation;
Improve permeability and strengthen the walls of blood vessels;
Remove swelling of the brain.

The most popular drugs are:

You need to know that when taking drugs based on ginkgo biloba, it is forbidden to drink blood-thinning drugs in order to avoid hemorrhage.

The intake of these drugs is long-term, and improvements can be observed after a month of treatment. The total duration of the course of therapy is approximately 3 months.

Medicines based on the periwinkle plant:

Telektol;
Cavinton;
Vinpocetine;
Vero-Vinpocetine;
Bravinton.

These drugs are characterized as follows:

Prevent thrombosis;
Have an antispasmodic effect;
Improve blood supply to the brain;
Normalize metabolism in brain cells.

homeopathic remedies

Improving the functioning of the brain vessels is possible with the help of homeopathic remedies. One of them is golden iodine. It is prescribed in case of signs of impaired blood supply to the brain.

Among them:

Strengthening blood vessels

In the case of venous outflow and circulatory disorders of the brain, strengthening of the vessels is indicated.

For this purpose, take minerals and vitamins:

Flucol, Flavit, Flaol - contain dihydroquercetin;
Askorutin - includes vitamin P;
Dietary supplements and vitamin complexes, including silicon, potassium, selenium.

Medicines after a stroke

Correctly chosen treatment tactics in case of acute cerebrovascular accident helps not only save the patient's life, but also increase the likelihood of restoring speech and motor functions, as well as improve the quality of life.

Ischemic stroke

It is the result of blockage of the vessel by an embolus or thrombus.

The following drugs are used in its treatment:

Low molecular weight heparins(Clexane, Fraxiparine) can reduce the risk of embolism and reduce thrombus formation after a stroke.
Drugs to reduce/break blood clots. They are not widely used (the effectiveness of Streptokinase has a low evidence base, Prourokinase is used in research centers, Tissue plasminogen activator is a rare drug).
Indirect anticoagulants are prescribed a few weeks after heparins. This is Sinkumar, Warfarin.
Antiplatelet agents begin the therapeutic course of the acute period of stroke. With intolerance to aspirin, Dipyridamole, Ticlopedin, Clopidogrel are prescribed.
Drugs that lower blood pressure. Calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors start at a pressure above 180/105. This saves patients from recurrence of strokes.
Low molecular weight dextrans: Reomacrodex, Reopoliglyukin improve oxygen delivery to the brain, increasing the volume of circulating blood.
Vasodilators Pentoxifylline, Vinpocetine and drugs that improve microcirculation in the vessels (Trental, Curantil).
Nootropics taken during the recovery period.

Hemorrhagic stroke

Occurs after a rupture of a vessel in the brain, requires a slightly different tactic using dextrans and antihypertensives to replenish the amount of circulating blood. Most often, hemorrhagic stroke requires surgery, because without surgical treatment, the likelihood of death is high.

Preparations for cervical osteochondrosis

With this diagnosis, restoration of cerebral circulation is of paramount importance.

When choosing a medicine to improve the functioning of blood vessels and blood flow to the brain, doctors usually prescribe the following medications:

Drug group	Effect
Venotonics	To restore blood circulation, it is necessary to normalize the outflow of venous blood. For this, Venazol, Flebodia, Detralex are prescribed.
Nootropics	They affect the metabolism in brain tissues, restore memory, are used to prevent oxygen starvation (Piracetam, Cerebrolysin, Ceraxon, Citicoline).
Vasodilator drugs	Eliminate dizziness, headaches caused by vascular spasm. Appoint Tanakan, Cavinton,
	To improve the vestibular apparatus, they drink Vestibo, Betaserk, Tagista, Betaver (these drugs correct the blood circulation of small capillaries).

It should be remembered that medicines alone are not enough to cure osteochondrosis, a person's physical activity plays a key role.

What drugs to use during pregnancy?

In most situations, expectant mothers need medication to restore blood supply to the brain when the fetus has placental insufficiency or hypoxia. The most common drugs for pregnant women are Instenon, Actovegin, Curantil.

If the dosage is not observed, headaches, tachycardia, reddening of the skin of the face may develop.

Medications to improve memory

In the human brain, which receives less oxygen, efficiency decreases. Concentration of attention, memory worsens, absent-mindedness appears. With such symptoms, you can contact a neurologist who will prescribe drugs that normalize brain function.

Such drugs have a psychotropic effect, their action is aimed at improving the blood supply to the vessels of the brain. They do not improve memory quality.

To restore brain activity, they usually prescribe:

Various functional and organic lesions of blood vessels, which are caused by injuries or systemic diseases of the body, can lead to cerebral circulation disorders. Blood clots, intoxication, past infectious diseases, stress, vasospasm and mechanical compression - all these disorders can significantly destabilize the blood supply to the brain and cause a malfunction in its normal functioning, which regulates all human life processes.

The pharmaceutical industry offers a wide range of drugs to improve cerebral circulation. How not to get confused in them and know what type of drug your doctor prescribed? This article is about this.

Main types of drugs

Prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular accidents should not be delayed when the first symptoms appear, since the progression of such pathologies can lead to serious consequences (, etc.) and even death. For these purposes, a wide range of drugs is used:

anticoagulants and antiaggregants;
vasodilators;

Drawing up a scheme for the treatment and prevention of cerebrovascular accidents is possible after a detailed examination of the patient and can only be carried out by a doctor. Self-medication in such situations is unacceptable and can lead to various serious consequences. In our article, we will only acquaint you with the most popular means for normalizing cerebral circulation and systematize them.

Vasodilating drugs

The action of vasodilators is aimed at increasing blood flow to the brain cells and improving its blood supply. This pharmacological action helps prevent oxygen starvation and nutritional deficiencies. Also, these drugs help improve energy metabolism in brain cells and normalize its functions.

calcium antagonists

The drugs of this group have long been used to improve cerebral circulation, and the modern pharmacological industry is already developing the third generation of these drugs. Calcium antagonists contribute to the expansion of the artery (by relaxing their muscular wall) and do not affect the tone of the venous vessels. After the onset of their impact, cerebral blood flow increases, and a sufficient amount of oxygen and nutrients is delivered to the brain.

These drugs can have a systemic effect on the body and should be taken only after an examination, which will determine the appropriateness of their use. Their dosage and duration of administration are strictly individual and can only be prescribed by a doctor.

Preparations based on nicotinic acid:

Enduratin;
Nikoshpan;
A nicotinic acid;
Nicofuranose;
Acipimox.

The intake of such drugs is carried out by injection courses, which are performed under medical supervision, since self-medication with nicotinic acid derivatives is unacceptable and can lead to serious complications. Further, the patient may be prescribed tableted forms of nicotinic acid.

Preparations for strengthening the walls of blood vessels

The purpose of prescribing such drugs and dietary supplements to improve cerebral circulation is to maintain the elasticity of the walls of blood vessels.

Such an effect can be exerted by preparations based on vitamins and some minerals:

vitamin P - Askorutin, Blueberry Forte, etc .;
selenium, potassium, silicon - various vitamin-mineral complexes and dietary supplements (Greenwit, Lecithin formula for vessels, Nootropic, Microhydrin);
dihydroquercetin - Flavit, Flaol, Flucol, Dihydroquercetin NTG, etc.

Vitamins and minerals can be used not only to treat cerebrovascular disorders, but also to prevent their occurrence. These medicines and dietary supplements can be taken without a doctor's prescription, but taking into account all the recommendations specified in the instructions.

Nootropic drugs

These drugs help to stimulate the metabolism in the nervous tissue, increase the resistance of the brain to a lack of oxygen, and improve intellectual abilities and memory. Some of them are made from animal brain tissue and contain naturally occurring amino acids.

Nootropics include:

Cerebrolysin;
Pantogam;
Microhydrin;
Glutamic acid;
Glycine;
Piracetam;
Cortexin;
Phenotropil;
Actovegin and others.

These drugs can be used to treat many conditions accompanied by impaired cerebral blood flow: vascular dementia, coma, chronic cerebral ischemia, asthenic syndromes, acute cerebrovascular accidents, mental retardation, etc. Nootropics can only be prescribed by a doctor after a detailed examination of the patient.

Anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents

The main purpose of prescribing anticoagulants and antiaggregants is to achieve a decrease in blood viscosity and improve its fluidity. By this action, the normalization of cerebral circulation is achieved.

These drugs are prescribed in the presence of risk and transient disorders of cerebral circulation. Antiplatelet agents prevent the formation of blood clots and the development of thromboembolism.

For such purposes, the following drugs can be prescribed to the patient:

Aspirin, Ecotrin, Aspilat, ThromboASS, Akuprin, Aspo, etc.;
Ticlopidin;
Curantyl (Dipyridamole);
Clopidogrel (Plavix);
Pentoxifylline (Trental).

The appointment of antiplatelet agents can only be carried out by a doctor after studying the data of laboratory tests and identifying possible contraindications to their use. The duration of their reception is determined individually.

The purpose of anticoagulants is aimed at reducing blood clotting and improving microcirculation in the capillaries. Depending on the indications, the following drugs can be used:

Warfarin;
Clexane;
unfractionated heparin;
Fraxiparine;
Fragmin.

When taking drugs from these groups, in order to avoid the development of complications, the patient is recommended to periodically take a biochemical blood test and a hemocoagulogram. With the appearance of increased bleeding, bruising, vomiting mixed with blood or black feces, the patient should immediately seek medical help.

homeopathic remedies

Golden iodine (1 g of granules contains Aurum iodatum C6, Barium carbonicum C6) is recommended at the first signs of cerebrovascular insufficiency (tinnitus, headaches, unsteady gait, memory loss, etc.).