Poem F.I. Tyutchev "How good you are, O night sea ..." (perception, interpretation, assessment). Fedor Tyutchev - How good are you, O night sea
The poem "How good you are, O night sea …
”was written by F.I. Tyutchev in 1865. There were several versions of the work. One of latest editions the poem was handed over by the relatives of the poet I.S. Aksakov, who published them in the newspaper Den on January 22, 1865. However, the text of the work turned out to be distorted, which then caused Tyutchev's indignation. In February, the poet sent a new version of the poem to the Russky Vestnik magazine. This option is considered final.
We can attribute the poem to landscape-meditative lyrics, with elements of philosophical reflection. His style is romantic. The main theme is man and nature. Genre - lyrical fragment.
In the first stanza, the lyrical hero turns to the sea, admiring the play of its colors:
The pronoun "you" is present here. refers to the sea as a living being, like A.S. in his poem "To the Sea". However, then the hero seems to separate himself from the water element, conveying an impression from the outside. At the same time, he endows the sea with a “living soul”:
In the moonlight, as if alive,
It walks and breathes and it shines...
The play of colors, light and shadow is given here in motion, in dynamics, it merges with a sound symphony. As the researchers accurately note, in this poem Tyutchev does not have his usual opposition of sound and light and water element presented not linearly, but as a surface (Gasparov M.).
In the endless, in the free space
Shine and movement, roar and thunder ...
The sea drenched in a dull radiance,
How good you are in the emptiness of the night!
Here we can also recall the poem by V.A. Zhukovsky "Sea". However, we immediately note the difference in the attitude of the lyrical hero. As the researchers note, “the lyrical “I” in Zhukovsky acts as an interpreter of the meanings of nature; this interpretation turns out to be an extrapolation of the hero's self-perception - the sea turns into his double. In Tyutchev, the sea and the lyrical hero are not identical to each other. These are two different units. lyrical plot. We also note that in Tyutchev's work there is no opposition between the sea and the sky, but rather the poet asserts their natural unity, harmonious coexistence:
You are a great swell, you are a sea swell,
Whose holiday are you celebrating like this?
Waves are rushing, thundering and sparkling,
Sensitive stars look from above
At the same time, the lyrical hero of Tyutchev is here part of natural world. The sea enchants and hypnotizes him, plunges his soul into some kind of mysterious dream. As if plunging into the sea of his feelings, he longs for a complete merger with great element:
In this excitement, in this radiance,
All, as in a dream, I'm lost standing -
Oh, how willingly in their charm
I would drown my whole soul ...
The same motif of the soul merged with the sea appears in the poem “You, my sea wave”:
Soul, soul I live
Buried at your bottom.
The researchers noted the metaphorical meaning of the poem, hinting at the poet's appeal to his beloved woman, E. Denisyeva, in the first stanza ("How good you are ..."). It is known that the poet compared his beloved with sea wave(B.M. Kozyrev). With this interpretation of the poem, its ending sounds like the desire of the lyrical hero to completely dissolve in another being, to merge inextricably with him.
Compositionally, we can distinguish two parts in the work. In the first part, the poet creates an image of the sea element (1-3 stanzas), the second part is a description of the feelings of the lyrical hero (4th stanza). We also note the parallelism of the motives of the beginning and ending of the poem. In the first stanza, the lyrical hero speaks of his feelings (for the sea or a beloved creature): “How good you are, O night sea ...”). In the finale, we also have a lyrical confession: “Oh, how willingly in their charm I would drown my whole soul ...”. Landscape has similar features. In the first and fourth stanzas, the sea is depicted in "moonlight". In this regard, we can talk about the ring composition.
The poem is written in four-foot dactyl, quatrains, rhyming - cross. The poet uses various means artistic expressiveness: epithets (“dim radiance”, “in the free space”, “sensitive stars”), metaphor and inversion (“Oh, how willingly in their charm I would drown my whole soul ...”), personification (“Walks and breathes , and it shines ... ”,“ Sensitive stars look from above ”), comparison (“as if alive”), rhetorical appeal and a rhetorical question in which the poet deliberately resorts to tautology (“You are a great swell, you are a sea swell, Whose holiday is this do you celebrate like that?”), polyunion (“Walks, and breathes, and it shines…”). Color epithets (“radiant”, gray-dark”) create a picturesque picture of the night sea, shimmering in the glow of the moon and stars. "High vocabulary" ("shines", "radiant") gives the speech solemn intonations. Analyzing the phonetic structure of the work, we note the assonance (“How good you are, O night sea ...”) and alliteration (“It is radiant here, it is gray-dark there ...”).
Thus, the lyrical fragment “How good you are, O night sea ...” conveys the relationship between man and nature. As the critic notes, “to be so imbued with physical self-awareness in order to feel oneself an inseparable part of nature - this is what Tyutchev succeeded more than anyone else. This feeling feeds on his wonderful “descriptions” of nature, or rather, its reflections in the soul of the poet.
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The poem illustrates to us an unusually sensitive perception of the natural world, yes, namely the world, because for the poet nature is a special space that is not accessible to a simple mind, it has its own mysterious life. Therefore, the author’s favorite technique is the spiritualization of the natural elements:
In the moonlight, as if alive,
It walks and breathes and it shines...
The poet understood the hidden language of nature, in it he found, along with some violent movement, many sounds, noises accompanying him. The poet also represented the sea in a merger of seemingly completely incommensurable colors: "it's radiant here, it's gray-dark there" or "a dull radiance drenched in the sea" There is a kind of overlay of shades, tones, as in watercolor technique. This, undoubtedly, testifies to the great genius of Tyutchev. Together with the riot, the dynamics of nature, he also captured its divine tranquility - nature, as Living being, extremely unpredictable and this will captivate the author ...
You are a great swell, you are a sea swell,
Whose holiday are you celebrating like this?
The poet twice calls the sea element "swell"- it has indescribable space, and infinity, eternity, such vastness that any person takes their breath away, the soul instantly opens up to the unprecedented harmony of the natural world and so wants, sincerely wants to merge with this majestic, even domineering, mother nature:
Oh, how willingly in their charm
I would drown my whole soul ...
With dots, the author shows both his excitement and his uncontrollable delight, but also bitterness, longing from the feeling of his own loneliness, from the understanding that that world of elements, songs and beauty is still inaccessible to man, just as the language of animals and the language of the whole universe are inaccessible, even though a person is in close contact with them.
The human being has always strived and will continue to strive to comprehend the highest truth, and for Tyutchev it consisted precisely in the knowledge of nature, in becoming one harmoniously harmonious whole-unity with it. Tyutchev, the creator of an amazing talent, could not only hear and understand the language of nature, but also reflect its lively, rich bright life in his poetically perfect works, to shape it into a concise and clear form. For me F.I. Tyutchev is one of the most brilliant poet-philosophers and simply a man of extraordinary spiritual beauty.
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Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev - poet-philosopher, poet-psychologist. A feature of Tyutchev's lyrics about nature is the poet's ability to depict nature as a living, spiritualized, many-sided world, the world of the unity of man and nature.
The purpose of my work is to understand philosophical sense poems "How good you are, O night sea", revealing the expressive means by which the author expresses this meaning.
The sea attracts with its unpredictability, originality. It can be both calm and stormy. The sea leaves no one indifferent, which is why I chose F.I. Tyutchev’s poem “How good you are, O night sea” for analysis.
Tyutchev's world of nature is based on the world of the elements. In the poem "A. A. Fetu” the poet defines his poetic gift as the property “to smell, hear the waters”. The poet's favorite element is the "water element".
This poem is about the night sea, its beauty, infinity. Looking at him, the lyrical hero experiences excitement, joy, confusion. He wants to drown his soul in the charm of the waves, to become a particle of the sea. One can talk about parallelism in the description of the landscape and the state of the lyrical hero in the first stanza: “In the moonlight, like a living thing, it walks and breathes, and it shines,” and in the fourth: “In this excitement, in this radiance, All as in a dream I'm lost."
Compositionally, the poem consists of two parts.
Part I - 1-3 stanzas - a detailed image of the night sea.
Part II - 4th stanza - human feelings.
The lyrical hero does not observe the seascape from the shore, but is depicted as part of this nature: a landscape painted by Tyutchev inside and outside of a person.
In this excitement, in this radiance,
All as in a dream, I'm lost
The desire of the hero comes down to only one thing: to find complete harmony with nature, to merge with it together:
Oh, how willingly in their charm
I would drown my whole soul
This is, in my opinion, the main idea of the poem.
The beginning of the poem is characteristic of Tyutchev: “How good you are, O night sea” opens with a metaphorical image of the night sea. In the first stanza characteristic images Tyutchev's poetry: night, moon, stars, dream. To feel the full depth of these lines, I imagine a picture: the sea in the moonlight, billowing waves
Analyzing the "dictionary" at the lexical and morphological levels, I made the following conclusions:
Abstract nouns: space, radiance, emptiness, swell, excitement, sleep, charm, holiday, soul, height help to convey the state of nature and man.
And adjectives, among which the key ones are infinite, free, great, in combination with the noun "space" creates the image of something immense, big, boundless.
Tyutchev has unexpected epithets and metaphors. Here, too, the glow of the night sea is called dim.
There are many pronouns in the poem, more than half of them are personal (you, it, I them). They give the poem emotion and sincerity.
For the poet, nature is a special space that is not accessible to the human mind; it has its own mysterious life. Therefore, the author's favorite technique is the spiritualization of the natural element, its humanization:
In the moonlight, as if alive,
Walks and breathes and shines
In another poem, Tyutchev says about nature: “It has a soul, it has freedom, / It has love, it has a language” (“Not what you think, nature”). Nature as a living being is extremely unpredictable and this captivates the author.
The comparison “as if alive” emphasizes Tyutchev’s idea of nature as a living being:
In the moonlight, as if alive,
The personification is also confirmed by the verbs: walks, breathes, shines:
Walks and breathes and shines
And the stars are sensitive (an epithet), like a living human soul. Of course, the animation of nature is quite common in poetry. “But for Tyutchev, these are not just metaphors and personifications; he accepted the living color of nature and understood his fantasy, but as truth, ”wrote V.S. Solovyov.
The verb forms rattling and sparkling reinforce the motif of the raging elements.
The verb “shines” can be called “color”, and together with “color” adjectives: radiant, gray-dark, lunar, dull, they help to visualize the picture of the night sea.
The comparison “like in a dream” creates the impression of unusual, I would even say, fantastic nature of what is happening: “In this excitement, in this radiance, All, as in a dream, I stand lost.” This fantasticness is created by light and brilliance. This confirms the lexical series: radiant, in the moonlight (3 times), shines, shine, sparkling, stars.
I draw attention to the high-style words “shine”, “radiant”. They create the solemnity of the moment.
The lexical repetition “how good you are” conveys the enthusiastic, joyful mood of the lyrical hero. He is fascinated by the night scenery. Together with him, the stars are watching the sea from above: "Sensitive stars look from above" Tyutchev's favorite vertical movement from the sky. They admire what is happening on earth. The motif of earth and sky is often found in Tyutchev's poems. There are two infinities - heavenly and sea. The space is open vertically, and two infinities are connected by the presence of a person: “In this excitement, in this radiance, All, as in a dream, I am lost standing”
The poet twice calls the sea element "swell" \. Swell - light ripples on the water surface. But it is great, that is, something can and does arise from it, as with Tyutchev: the sea swell becomes the sea element. It has indescribable space, and infinity, eternity, such incomprehensibility that any person takes their breath away, the soul instantly opens up to the unprecedented harmony of the natural world and so wants, sincerely wants to merge into one with this majestic, even domineering, mother nature:
Oh, how willingly in their charm
I would drown my whole soul
"Great swell, sea swell"
Here "great" and "marine" as contextual synonyms.
I draw attention to the line: “here it is radiant, there it is gray-dark”
Short adjectives denote a variable sign, the sign "now", in combination with "opposite" adverbs "here - there" emphasize the variability of the sea, its changing essence.
It is impossible not to notice the combination of the words "you are celebrating the holiday." In this case, the tautology stylistic device reinforcing the reality of speech.
“Tautological combinations in the text stand out against the background of other words; this makes it possible, resorting to tautology, to pay attention to especially important concepts.
The anaphora “how” with the meaning “to what extent, to what extent” and its promotion to the first place indicates the admiration of the lyrical hero for the seascape.
The image of a moving, surging sea is created by the alliteration [g] and [r] convey a roar, movement, and [s] - creates noise. Indeed, one can hear a noise similar to thunder. Hissing also perform an onomatopoeic function. They are sometimes called "dark" consonants. They correspond to the general color background of the poem, because Tyutchev's sea is at night. And the assonance [o] is associated with the sea, waves.
The sound organization of the text (according to Zhuravlev's table) "works" to create the main image of the poem - the sea. The predominance of sounds and, u + u, s create color scheme seas. I - blue, light blue; u + u - dark blue, blue-green; s is black.
I come to the conclusion that the sea near Tyutchev is either light blue, blue-green, when it is in the moonlight and in the radiance of stars, then dark blue, when it is “drenched in a dull glow”, and even black when the waves rush, rage, are worried.
An expressive stylistic figure, polyunion, is used for intonational and logical underlining of the distinguished phenomena. Usually the coordinating conjunctions and are repeated. We read from Tyutchev: “Shine and movement, and roar, and thunder”; “and breathes and shines”; "thundering and flashing". Thus, the union shows a moving, changing element.
And the repetition of the particle would enhance the desire of the lyrical hero to merge with the sea element.
3rd stanza is character direct appeal to the sea. "Against a background of diverse syntactic means appeal is distinguished by expressive coloring. The emotional sound of the address in the poetic text often reaches a vivid pictorial power. In addition, when addressing, epithets are often used, and they themselves are tropes - metaphors. Tyutchev’s appeals are supplemented with the epithets “sea of the night”, “the sea drenched with a dull glow”, and the metaphor “you are great swell, you are sea swell”. Their expression is emphasized by the interjection "o".
The inversion “of the night sea” “puts forward” key words and enhances the impression of a moving element: “Walks, and breathes, and it shines”
An interrogative sentence with an appeal: “Swell, you are great, you are a sea swell, / Whose holiday are you celebrating like this?” sounds like a frank conversation between a lyrical hero and the elements of the sea and is aimed at comprehending the meaning of being. And the exclamation - "how good you are in the solitude of the night!" reinforces the motive of admiration and the desire to be a part of it.
Night, according to Tyutchev, is no less good than day; the stars shine brightly at night (“sensitive stars look from above”) and there are often revelations (the entire 4th stanza).
The sensitive soul of the lyrical hero listens to everything that happens on the night sea. The sea enchants, hypnotizes, puts you to sleep.
I was attracted by the form of the verb “sank” in the second meaning: also what to destroy. I come to the conclusion: the lyrical hero is so fascinated by the “swell of the sea” holiday that he is ready to destroy himself for the sake of a moment to become a part of this holiday.
"Shine and movement, rumble and thunder" are denominative sentences. Verbs in stanza II are not needed, their role is played by nouns. They create a dynamic picture.
Nekrasov noted Tyutchev's extraordinary ability to "catch" precisely those features by which a given picture can arise and be drawn by itself in the reader's imagination. Dots and dashes give the reader the opportunity to complete it. The ellipsis hides and complements the state of the lyrical hero, which cannot always be expressed in words. This is excitement, and uncontrollable delight, and bitterness, longing from the impossibility of physical merging with the sea element.
Conclusion. Conclusions.
Analyzing the poem, I come to the conclusion: means of expression all levels of the language, "work" for the main idea of the poem: admiration for the night sea and the desire to merge with it.
We look at the sea through the eyes of Tyutchev, the lyrical hero is between two abysses and does not just peer into a natural phenomenon, and with all his soul he is imbued with the state of the elements, it is internally close and understandable to man, akin to him.
The analysis of language levels helped me to better understand the meaning of Tyutchev's poem, to "see" the picture of the seascape. Tyutchev's nature has many faces, full of sounds and colors.
The human being has always striven and will continue to strive to comprehend the highest truth, and for Tyutchev it consisted precisely in the knowledge of nature, in becoming one harmonious whole-unity with it. Tyutchev, the creator of an amazing talent, could not only hear and understand the language of nature, but also reflect its lively, rich, vibrant life in his poetically perfect works, clothe it in a concise and clear form.
The peculiarity of creating the image of the sea in the analyzed poem is the image of nature not from the outside, not as an observer. The poet and his lyrical hero are trying to understand the "soul" of nature, to hear her voice, to connect with her.
Tyutchev's nature is a rational, living being. We learn from Tyutchev to understand it, feelings and associations arise in our soul, born from the lines of the poet.
How good are you, O night sea, -
Here it is radiant, there it is gray-dark ...
In the moonlight, as if alive,
It walks and breathes and it shines...
In the endless, in the free space
Shine and movement, roar and thunder ...
The sea drenched in a dull radiance,
How good, you are in the wilderness of the night!
You are a great swell, you are a sea swell,
Whose holiday are you celebrating like this?
Waves are rushing, thundering and sparkling,
Sensitive stars look from above.
In this excitement, in this radiance,
All, as in a dream, I'm lost standing -
Oh, how willingly in their charm
I would drown my whole soul ...
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“How good you are, O night sea ...” Fyodor Tyutchev
How good are you, O night sea, -
Here it is radiant, there it is gray-dark ...
In the moonlight, as if alive,
It walks and breathes and it shines...In the endless, in the free space
Shine and movement, roar and thunder ...
How good, you are in the wilderness of the night!You are a great swell, you are a sea swell,
Whose holiday are you celebrating like this?
Waves are rushing, thundering and sparkling,
Sensitive stars look from above.In this excitement, in this radiance,
All, as in a dream, I'm lost standing -
Oh, how willingly in their charm
I would drown my whole soul ...
Analysis of Tyutchev's poem "How good you are, O night sea ..."
The first version of the poem "How good you are, O night sea ..." appeared on the pages of the literary and political newspaper Den in 1865. After the publication, Tyutchev expressed dissatisfaction. According to him, the editors printed the text of the work with a number of distortions. So there was a second version of the poem, which became the main one. Readers got acquainted with her in the same 1865 thanks to the magazine "Russian Messenger".
The work is dedicated to the memory of Elena Alexandrovna Denisyeva, Tyutchev's beloved, who died in August 1864 from tuberculosis. The death of an adored woman, an affair with which lasted for fourteen years, the poet experienced extremely hard. According to contemporaries, he did not seek to hide from the people around him the strongest pain of loss. Moreover, Fedor Ivanovich was constantly looking for interlocutors with whom one could talk about Denisyeva. According to some literary critics, it is the dedication to Elena Alexandrovna that explains the appeal of the lyrical hero to the sea on “you” in the first quatrain. Known fact- the poet compared the beloved woman with a sea wave.
The poem is divided into two parts. First, Tyutchev draws a seascape. The sea in his image, like nature in general, appears animated, spiritualized. To describe the opening before lyrical hero pictures are used as personifications: the sea walks and breathes, the waves rush, the stars look. The second part of the work is quite short. In the last quatrain, the poet tells about the feelings experienced by the lyrical hero. He dreams of merging with nature, completely immersing himself in it. This desire is largely due to Tyutchev's passion for the ideas of the German thinker Friedrich Schelling (1775-1854). The philosopher claimed the animation of nature, believed that it has a "world soul".
The works of Fedor Ivanovich, dedicated to nature, in most cases represent a declaration of love for her. It seems to the poet an indescribable pleasure to be able to observe its various manifestations. Tyutchev equally likes to admire the June night, the May thunderstorm, snowy forest etc. Often he expresses his attitude to nature with the help of exclamatory sentences expressing delight. This can also be seen in this poem:
The sea drenched in a dull radiance,
How good you are in the emptiness of the night!