Sukhoi Pavel Osipovich biography. Pavel Sukhoi: professional activity and biography. The beginning of creative activity
119 years ago, Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi was born, one of the largest aircraft designers in the world, the creator of several families of wonderful combat vehicles and an excellent aircraft building school.
Portraits of Pavel Sukhoi are distinguished by extreme expressiveness, both in his youth and in old age. A dry, ascetic face, like your last name, from which sharp eyes gaze at you. At the beginning of the century, such a view was called “magnetic.” The smile of Gioconda plays on the lips, neither give nor take.
A man of insight, but not harsh, of great strength, but also of great restraint. He is in no hurry because he knows where he is going and will therefore be in time.
Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi was born in 1895 on the territory of what is now the Vitebsk region of Belarus, then in the Vilna province. Since childhood, as was common then, I have been interested in everything related to the nascent aviation.
In 1914, Sukhoi came to Moscow, where he studied at the university's mechanical and mathematics department, and then at the Technical School. At this time, he attended an aeronautics club led by Professor Nikolai Zhukovsky.
Among the members of the same circle during this period were the future colors of the domestic aircraft industry: Andrei Tupolev, Alexander Arkhangelsky, Vladimir Petlyakov, Boris Stechkin.
In 1916, Sukhoi was drafted into the army and was trained as an ensign - the first officer rank that was then massively awarded to graduates of accelerated courses. Managed to fight in the active army. After the revolution, he left the collapsed army, tried to settle in Moscow, but was forced to return to Gomel, where he got a job as a school mathematics teacher. But from 1921 - again Moscow, again studying. In 1924, Sukhoi, not yet having defended his diploma (whose director, by the way, was A. N. Tupolev), was already working at TsAGI as a simple draftsman, and in 1925 he moved to the design department of TsAGI.
During the interwar period, Pavel Osipovich had a hand in a large number of Tupolev machines.
The first independent work of his brigade was the ANT-25 “RD” (“Range Record”), on which Chkalov, Belyakov and Baidukov flew across the North Pole to America.
Then there was the ANT-37 Rodina and the record flight of Raskova, Grizodubova and Osipenko.
In the second half of the 1930s, Sukhoi focused on the task of creating a light bomber for direct support of ground forces. From this work grew the BB-1 aircraft - also known as Su-2. The Air Force was supposed to receive this machine en masse, but the war and the loss of the Kharkov aircraft plant prevented it, and the choice was made in favor of the Il-2, which had already been mastered in the interior of the country.
But Sukhoi did not join the first ranks of designers who created weapons of Victory. Yakovlev, Petlyakov, Lavochkin, Ilyushin, Tupolev - their cars became a symbol of war. Pavel Sukhoi's time came a little later.
He was in no hurry, and in the end - look at Russian aviation at the beginning of the 21st century!
Sukhoi's company makes almost everything, from fighters and bombers to civilian airliners.
This path was paved in a difficult struggle with competitors. With those same designers of the first rows. The eternal fight with the Mikoyanites - who makes better air defense interceptor fighters? Or just fighters? Do you give us MiG-23 and MiG-25? And we give you Su-7 and Su-15! MiG-29? Excellent, here is the Su-27.
Pavel Osipovich was no longer alive, he died in 1975, and the company was climbing up, leaving its competitors behind.
Along the way, the “dry” aircraft tightly occupied the niche of attack tactical aviation: Su-7B and Su-17 fighter-bombers, Su-24 front-line bombers, and now – Su-34 fighter-bombers.
When the Sukhoi Design Bureau proposed a project for an armored subsonic attack aircraft to the Air Force, they rejected it, saying that such vehicles were not needed on the battlefield now.
“Keep working,” he said at the meeting to the Sukhoi brigade that created the machine. “They themselves don’t understand that they need this particular plane. A little time will pass and everything will fall into place.”
This was said about the famous Su-25 attack aircraft, about which so many praises are now sung. It was said when even their own military did not want to order it.
In the early 1970s, the unthinkable: the Sukhoi Design Bureau challenged Tupolev himself, entering the competition for a supersonic missile-carrying bomber. At the cost of unimaginable efforts, the Tupolevs managed to win: their excellent Tu-22 car is now well known. And who knows what would have happened if the “weaving” had flown - the T-4 machine, which still surprises with the boldness of the decisions incorporated into it.
And when you look at the angular silhouette of the fifth generation fighter PAK FA, be able to see the attentive gaze of the brown eyes of Pavel Sukhoi, a man who was in no hurry and was on time everywhere.
Domestic aircraft designer.
As a child, he first saw the flight of the Farman aircraft, piloted S.I. Utochkin.
“At the same time, schoolchildren saw a low-flying airplane for the first time. This meeting with a man-made bird became fateful for Pavel.
Now photographs of airplanes, articles in newspapers and magazines about flights became the subject of his constant attention. And the sisters and parents are passionate about literature, theater, and painting. He will love all this all his life, but he will retain his devotion to aviation and new technology forever. A silver medal at the end of high school is a sign of a very responsible attitude to studies and the undoubted abilities of a young man who will soon be 19.
World War breaks out, and he goes to Moscow and becomes a student at the university's mathematics department. But he is already starting the next, 1915 academic year at the Moscow Higher Technical School (MVTU) to be closer to aviation technology.
This is where the professor Nikolai Egorovich Zhukovsky brought together young aeronautics enthusiasts from all over Russia and with their participation TsAGI was created, and the theoretical foundations of the design, aerodynamics and strength of the aircraft were developed. Pavel finds himself in the company of talented and enthusiastic young people: Tupolev(he will defend his diploma project at the Moscow Higher Technical School only in three years), Stechkin, Yuryev, the Arkhangelsky brothers, Petlyakov, the Pogossky brothers.
An old and respected professor opens up for them the broadest prospects for creating aircraft. Professor Zhukovsky’s school lays the foundation for the highest qualifications of the future General Designer of Aviation Equipment Pavel Sukhoi.
But there’s bad luck here - the guy is 21, and he, a student at the most prestigious university in the empire, is being drafted into the army. There was nothing to do - I went to the warrant officer school in Peterhof, and from there to the North-Western Front as deputy commander of a machine gun company. The rank of ensign will remain his highest military rank for the rest of his life. But already here, at the front, his leadership qualities manifested themselves. In a photograph of that time, in an astrakhan fur hat and a good-quality sheepskin fur coat, tightly tied with a wide leather belt, he looks very brave. But his handsome face reflects the accumulated fatigue of a front-line soldier. The folds at the ends of the lips appeared more sharply, the left eyelid drooped slightly. Here at the front during the fighting, Pavel sees with his own eyes the effective “work” of the Russian bomber “Ilya Muromets” against German positions, when it suppressed several artillery batteries at once. His regimental and division headquarters often receive very important aerial reconnaissance data from aircraft. And the air battle of two fighters above their heads was absolutely breathtaking. All this only strengthened the importance of aviation and the dream of becoming an aircraft designer in the minds of the young officer.
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk allowed the fired warrant officer to return to the Moscow Higher Technical School. But before the new year 1919, devastation and famine in Moscow forced him to return to his parents in Gomel. He was offered a position as a school mathematics teacher in the town of Luninets in western Belarus. Pavel is going there. Here he is not only a mathematics teacher, but also an instructor in the repair of agricultural machinery. [...]
Pavel teaches mathematics at his father's school. Having learned about the appeal of the Russian government to former university students to return to study, he hurries to Moscow. Again the years of student life at Moscow Higher Technical University. Lectures, laboratory work, course projects. He did everything with his usual thoroughness, although the living conditions in the overcrowded dormitory were sometimes unbearable. After defending a course project on steam boilers, his supervisor, Professor Shchegolev, suggested specializing in this field of technology: “Why do you need this aviation? You will make an excellent boilermaker..."
Anzelilovich L.L., Sukhoi against America. Duel of aircraft designers, M., “Yauza”; "Eksmo", 2009, p. 100-102.
From 1925 to 1931 BY. Dry under the direction of A.N.Tupoleva takes part in the creation of a whole series of aircraft
In 1939, under the leadership of P.O. Sukhoi is organizing a design bureau.
“... he will make the creation of new, most advanced aircraft the goal of his life. And he will be faithful to his profession as an aircraft designer, despite any vicissitudes of fate. Why did Pavel Sukhoi become an aircraft designer?
He never smoked or tolerated alcohol, and avoided feasts and familiarity. He loved to read and enjoy nature. He was well versed in literature and fine arts.
Due to the vicissitudes of the First World War and the Civil War, he received a higher engineering education only at the age of thirty. He owes his success in the harsh conditions of the Soviet aviation industry to his intuition and the ability to surround himself with staunch and loyal party assistants like shields.”
Anzelilovich L.L., Sukhoi against America. Duel of aircraft designers, M., “Yauza”; "Eksmo", 2009, p. 48.
| Tombstone | ||
| Memorial plaque in Moscow | ||
| Bust in Gomel | ||
| University in Gomel | ||
| Memorial sign in Gomel | ||
| Memorial sign in Gomel (fragment 1) | ||
| Memorial sign in Gomel (fragment 2) | ||
| Memorial plaque in Gomel | ||
| Annotation board in Gomel | ||
| Memorial plaque in Moscow (on the building of MSTU) |
Sukhoi Pavel Osipovich – chief designer of the State Experimental Plant No. 51 (OKB-51) of the Ministry of Aviation Industry of the USSR; General designer of OKB-51 of the USSR Ministry of Aviation Industry, Moscow.
Born on July 10 (22), 1895 in the village of what is now the city of Glubokoye, Disna district, Vilna province, now Vitebsk region (Belarus), in the family of a public school teacher, Osip Andreevich, and Elizaveta Yakovlevna Sukhikh. Belarusian. In 1914 he graduated from the Gomel Gymnasium with a silver medal. From June 1915 he studied at the Moscow Technological School.
In 1916 he was drafted into the army, graduated from the 2nd Petrograd School of Ensigns and from August of that year served in the reserve regiment in Yekaterinburg. In 1917, he participated in the First World War on the North-Western Front: junior officer of the 733rd Infantry Regiment, and from October 1917, head of the machine gun team of the same regiment. In March 1918 he was demobilized.
He returned to his native land, in 1918–1920 he worked as a secondary school teacher in the cities of Luninets and Gomel, and as an instructor for industrial cooperation in the Gomel District Union.
In September 1920 he came to Moscow again and resumed his studies. After graduating from the Moscow Higher Technical School named after N.E. Bauman in 1925, he was assigned to work in the department of AGOS (aviation, hydroaviation and experimental construction, in the future it became the basis of the design bureau of A.N. Tupolev) as part of the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI), design engineer. Actively participated in the development of aircraft A.N. Tupolev ANT-3, TB-1, ANT-5, TB-3, R-6, R-7, I-5, ANT-13, ANT-14, ANT-17. Since October 1930, he was the head of the AGOS brigade and went on long business trips to aircraft factories in Germany and Italy.
Since May 1932 - head of the joint brigade No. 3 of TsAGI. It was then that his independent design activity began: he began the creation of the ANT-25 aircraft, intended for ultra-long-distance flights. The aircraft was designed and built in a short time; in July 1933, the crew of M.M. Gromov made an ultra-long flight on it along a closed route. The next success was the creation of the ANT-37bis (“Motherland”) aircraft, on which the female crew of M. Raskova, P. Osipenko and V. Grizodubova made an ultra-long flight from Moscow to the Far East in 1938.
From May 1936 - Deputy Head of the Design Department of the Main Directorate of Aviation Industry of the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry of the USSR, worked on the BB-1 short-range bomber (it was not put into mass production).
Since February 1939 - chief designer of aircraft plant No. 135 in Kharkov. He took a decisive part in the competitive development of the Ivanov aircraft, which ended with the creation of the Su-2 multi-role combat aircraft, used in the first years of the Great Patriotic War.
Since April 1940 - chief designer of aircraft plant No. 289, on the basis of whose design bureau the world-famous Design Bureau P.O. Sukhoi (now PJSC Sukhoi Company). The enterprise was based at a number of factories in the Moscow region and Moscow. At the same time, from November 1940, he was the director of this plant. In 1942–1943, under his leadership, the Su-6 armored attack aircraft was created (Stalin Prize, 1st degree, 1943). In 1949–1953 - deputy chief designer at the A.N. Tupolev Design Bureau. Since 1953 - chief designer of the newly recreated design bureau (since 1956 - general designer).
In the post-war years, Sukhoi was among the first Soviet aircraft designers to lead work in the field of jet aviation, creating several experimental jet fighters. After the re-establishment of the design bureau, a number of serial combat vehicles were developed under his leadership, including the Su-7 fighter with a flight speed twice the speed of sound, Su-9, Su-11 and Su-15 interceptor fighters, Su-7B fighter-bombers with ski and wheel-ski chassis for basing on unpaved airfields and Su-17 with variable wing sweep in flight, Su-24 front-line bomber, Su-25 attack aircraft, Su-27 fighter and other aircraft. A number of unrealized projects were also developed, such as the Su-13.
Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated July 12, 1957 for outstanding services in the field of creating new types of aircraft Sukhoi Pavel Osipovich awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.
Sukhoi-designed aircraft set two world altitude records (1959, 1962) and two world closed-route flight speed records (1960, 1962).
By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated July 9, 1965, he was awarded the second gold medal “Hammer and Sickle” for the creation of new types of aircraft and in connection with his seventieth birthday.
He was elected as a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 5th–9th convocations (1958–1974).
Lived and worked in Moscow. Died on September 15, 1975. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow.
Awarded 3 Orders of Lenin (09/16/1945; 07/12/1957; 07/10/1975), Orders of the October Revolution (04/26/1971), Red Banner of Labor (11/02/1938), Red Star (12/22/1933), “Badge of Honor” (08/13) .1936), medals.
Laureate of the Lenin Prize (1968), Stalin Prize 1st degree (1943), State Prize of the USSR (1975, posthumously), State Prize of the Russian Federation (1996, posthumously).
Doctor of Technical Sciences (09/13/1940). Awarded the gold medal named after A.N. Tupolev of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1975, No. 1).
In the city of Gomel, a bust of the Hero and a memorial plaque were installed on the building of the former gymnasium in which he studied, in Moscow - memorial plaques on the house in which he lived and on the building of MSTU. The Gomel State Technical University, streets in Moscow (2004) and Gomel are named after him. In 1985, the P.O. Sukhoi Museum was opened at school No. 1 in the city of Glubokoe.
Aircraft brand "Su" already known all over the world decades! The designer of these aircraft Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi. He was always focused on future. This target And talent general designer helped create a whole a number of wonderful airplanes! However, employees Design Bureau of Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi I had a chance to experience not only victories, but also defeats. Aircraft Sukhoi firmly occupied their position in history world aviation! Firm Sukhoi comprises 6 branches located in different parts of our country. His KB created about 100 types airplanes and their modifications. Released serially near 11 200 cars Of these, about 2 700 pieces delivered to export V 37 countries
Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi was born July 22nd 1895 year in Belarus, which was then part of Russian Empire. In fact initially surname Pavel Osipovich was Sukhi, by his last name father, but during the baptism in the church the clerk called Pavel Osipovich — Dry. At the time of birth Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi, it was already in the family 5 children, everything daughters, he became 6th as a child younger! Father Pavel, Osip Andreevich Sukhi have worked teacher primary classes in school in the village, was a mother Elizaveta Yakovlevna. The family was actively interested music, literature, art. But Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi more interested technology - internal combustion engines that existed at that time aircraft. He is with zeal studied everything that came across literature, which existed on this topic, including articles the founder of Russian And Soviet aerodynamics And aviation science Nikolai Egorovich Zhukovsky ( see article " Nikolai Egorovich Zhukovsky").
IN early 20th centuries the world has embraced aviation fever!!! Then try conquer the sky were called "Air rides" They are literally brought the public together With crazy! One day, while walking home from school, Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi first time I saw the plane. Later in his memoirs he wrote : « I walked with the guys from the gymnasium, and all of a sudden flew over our heads airplane. It was like that suddenly And marvelous, What breathtaking not a bird, but man flying above us !» As a matter of fact exactly this one happening determined future fate Pavel Osipovich. IN 1915 year Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi entered Moscow Imperial Technical School. There he attended lectures with interest Zhukovsky, With scientific through whose labors he met also in youth. He also visited aeronautical circle, headed by Zhukovsky.
At this time it was already going First World War war and Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi after graduation warrant officer schools called up to army. IN January 1917 year he got to Northwestern front in office junior infantry officer shelf. He was then appointed head of the machine gun teams . Exactly on front He Understood, what role can it play in the future? military aviation. The largest plane in the world at that time bomber "Ilya Muromets", Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky literally terrified Germans! Also Dry knew that artillery uses data frequently and successfully aerial reconnaissance. However, he also saw Russian shortcomings aviation. Mostly outdated aircraft couldn't resist more perfect German cars.
At the front Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi received tuberculosis lungs, which is strong blew up his health. Subsequently throughout all my life he experienced consequences transferred diseases. IN March 1918 of the year Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi for health commissioned from the army. After returning home Pavel Osipovich 2 years have worked math teacher at the place of residence. It is in the local school he met his future wife, Sophia. She taught French language. Trying to attract her attention, Pavel brought her armfuls lilacs, he himself is very loved the lilac! This is how they met, as it turned out later on all life!
IN 1920 year Dry reinstated to study at Technical School. IN 1924 year he already got a job in TsAGI, although until the end of my studies remained more year. While working in TsAGI he was cooking diploma project. Diploma work Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi became single-seat fighter with motor power 300 hp Head the project was an aircraft designer Andrey Nikolaevich Tupolev(see article "Andrey Nikolaevich Tupolev"), which together with Egor Nikolaevich Zhukovsky ( see article "Egor Nikolaevich Zhukovsky") was founder of TsAGI. Defended himself Dry successfully And Tupolev invited a young specialist to work in your KB. He got into brigade which developed all-metal fighter Tupolev, ANT-5. Directly Sukhoi commissioned to design frame, which housed engine. After the car leaves series Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi appointed technical representative of TsAGI at the aircraft factory.
In May 1932 of the year Sukhoi again promoted in office, appointing him as chief united design team fighters And record airplanes. Design team member Sukhoi, Vladimir Baluev remembered : « We, the green youth, were bribed politeness, calmness, efficiency of Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi, his clear answers to all questions asked. He learned design and was engaged myself directly from everyone performer. Young designers were torn V Sukhoi brigade, it was special there Interesting".
The brigade's first task was fast fighter entitled I-14. The plane used many innovations, For example, retractable chassis, wheels with brakes, closed canopy cabins Besides I-14 became first Soviet all-metal fighter monoplane. Pavel Osipovich was different in that not afraid of new things, take on something that earlier never not applied. For Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi, I-14 became first independent design work. The plane turned out with acceptable flight characteristics, but the military was not satisfied inclination I-14 To stalling V corkscrew And hard way out from it, therefore in big quantity it is made was not.
At the same time with I-14 brigade Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi worked on record by plane. Record the plane turned out to be more successful. Summer 1931 commander in chief Air Force Yakov Alksnis together with an aircraft designer A.N. Tupolev appealed to the government proposal create a plane with record range flight. Then management our country was extremely interested in raising prestige states and accepted project ! By task range flight should have been 12 000 km. Brigade Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi achieved, as it seemed then impossible! It was she who created a very successful single-engine airplane ANT-25 with very good aerodynamics And weight return. good weight return, it is when weight himself airplane less payload weight. On this type, weight the plane itself less fuel weight on board. On ANT-25, Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi FIRST V WORLD huge practice fuel tanks posted in WINGS!
Flight characteristics ANT-25 allowed to commit record flight for that time. IN 1937 year June 20 crew Valery Pavlovich Chkalov(see article " Valery Pavlovich Chkalov") committed nonstop flight to America through North Pole. Truth be told, myself IDEA flight through North Pole belonged to Americans. But in one of training flights American pilot Wiley Post died and Americans on risk more didn't go.
Through month behind Chkalov like flight committed by the crew Mikhail Mikhailovich Gromov. Moreover, the crew Gromova ( see article "Mikhail Mikhailovich Gromov") installed World record range flight IN A STRAIGHT flying by 10 148 km. IN aviation records are installed not for the sake of records. The result record flights were created by the brigade Sukhoi's first Soviet long-range bombers "DB-1" And "DB-2". Through year on 2-engine on an airplane Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi, DB-2, which was called "Motherland" installed World record range flight FEMALE crew. Crew Valentina Stepanovna Grizodubova overcame 5 908 km. be proud IT WAS WHAT!!!
In fact time it was very NOT UNambiguous. On one side they thundered technical victories And rejoicing of the people on the other hand rolling RINK OF REPRESSION, which passed through aviation industry. He was also imprisoned A.N.Tupolev, V KB whom he worked and Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi. Brigade Sukhoi lucky to be one of the few to stay untouched V Tupolev Design Bureau. At that moment Sukhov Design Bureau developed project under the code name "Ivanov." Design competition multi-purpose airplane Air Force Directorate announced at the beginning 1936 of the year. This machine had to be both scout And stormtrooper And light bomber. Stalin set the task of designing an airplane simple in production, such that they can be build so many How many in our country there are people with the surname "Ivanov."
The project won the competition Sukhoi. After completing the course tests And improvements, the plane was transferred to serial production in Kharkiv. IN 1939 year brigade Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi transferred to the same plant in Kharkiv. By the time of moving to Kharkiv team Sukhoi received status of a separate design bureau, A Sukhoi appoint director of Kharkov plant Through year of Sukhoi Design Bureau established serial aircraft release "Su-2" which was developed according to the project "Ivanov." In essence it was not multi-purpose plane, and short-range bomber. Although sometimes it was used as stormtrooper and as scout. The plane had excellent volatility! Su-2 fully experienced everything the severity of the first months war.
Su-2, Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi differed more survivability compared to others Soviet by planes is confirmed even German pilots (see article ! One of German remembered the pilots : « I was able to fit in Soviet plane to tail and from a distance of about 50 meters opened fire... From a damaged car landing gear fell out and dead tail shooter hung from half open turrets , but the plane didn't catch fire And continued flight . I used up all ammunition, and I had to go out from attacks. Shoot down Russian and Failed". However government countries decided to switch to mass release more modern on that moment Il-2 attack aircraft And diving bombers Pe-2. TO middle wars at the front Su-2 almost there are none left.
Having received in 1939 independence in Kharkov, Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi actively took up the design stormtroopers And fighters. But remoteness from Moscow research bases noticeably slowed down development new airplanes. That's why Dry contacted request to the government to provide it KB place, closer To Moscow. Then in the spring 1940 of the year Sukhoi Design Bureau transferred to the plant in Sublips. But it turned out only the beginning several relocations of the Sukhoi Design Bureau.
At the beginning of the war KB evacuated to Permian. Although at each new place I had to start work actually again, Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi stubbornly continued design new aircraft. By the beginning of the war KB created a stormtrooper Su-6, which is also passed state tests. On trials Su-6 showed characteristics better, how IL-2. But on Su-6 stood "raw" motor, more not running V serial production. In conditions the outbreak of war government The USSR did not dare to rebuild conveyor belt for new equipment, and Su-6 didn't go to serial production. For this plane Dry received Stalin Prize 1st degree.
In the middle 1943 of the year KB Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi transferred to the northwest Moscow V Tushino. The work schedule was very tense, the aircraft designer's working day was scheduled almost every minute. It was very difficult to maintain this mode of operation. hard, especially since the disease was taking its toll tuberculosis, received at the front during First World War war. But Sukhoi helped him with everything wife Sofya Feliksovna, which was absolutely devoted to my husband. All of my life Sofya Feliksovna dedicated to my husband. She strictly kept an eye on diet, which was prescribed Sukhoi. Everything was impeccably on time and at will Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi.
After Great Patriotic War wars Sukhoi Design Bureau designed educational bomber variant Tupolev, Tu-2, which was launched in serial production called "UTB". Same for target order artillerymen was designed scout And spotter artillery fire Su-12, who became extreme piston by plane Sukhoi. However, these were projects not large-scale plan. Dry considered new technical developments. Including those that had appeared by this time reactive engines. But reactive the engines were still very imperfect, That's why Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi designed a fighter with combined power plant. This aircraft model became only transitional model to reactive aviation, but it allowed us to get invaluable experience for developments in future.
IN 1945 year Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi began designing a fighter-bomber with 2 jets engines, which was called Su-9. By layout and external mind he looked a lot like German fighter World War II wars, Me-262(see article "German fighters of the Second World War"). The fact is that during the war German aircraft designers first started developing reactive aircraft engines and significantly succeeded in this case.
After the war Soviet aircraft designers studied German developments and on them basis created own jets engines. So Su-9 was equipped 2 captured German engines, and the next plane KB Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi, Su-11 already equipped Soviet jets engines. These were engines developed in Design Bureau of Arkhip Mikhailovich Lyulka. Later Cradle remembered : « Exactly Dry first applied our turbojet engine "TR-1". Having studied it in detail, Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi clearly introduced, his possibilities, believed our newly organized KB And me - to the young chief to the designer ».
IN 1947 year May 28th, Su-11 for the first time flew into the air. At the end 1940s There have been many years in aviation technical innovations. Reactive aviation fundamentally different from piston airplanes – other modes flight. So on Su-9 the system was applied hydraulic boosters management, ejectable pilot's seat, starting powder accelerators, brake parachute. Airplane Su-9 was developed in different options, but in 1948 year in summer the topic in general closed. The fact is that after the war in USSR was going on restoration of the national economy, and country I could not afford a bunch of aviation new products And in 1949 year was abolished and KB Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi. Many aircraft designers were scattered around other KB. Dry with some of his employees KB found himself in again Design Bureau of Andrei Nikolaevich Tupolev. There Tupolev instructed Pavel Osipovich engage in serial production Tu-14 V Irkutsk. Later director of Irkutsk aircraft plant Mikhail Semenov remembered : « You are welcome Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi to the factory technical Problems began to be decided promptly, on place, without requests Moscow, without long-term disputes between representatives KB and technical services of the plant ».
IN subordination of Tupolev, Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi had to be relatively not for long. Through 3 of the year Sukhoi Design Bureau it became again independent. To some extent this contributed political world situation in early 1950s years. Spun up "cold war" And foreign intelligence planes flew not only along Soviet borders, but also flew far above territory of the USSR, while in There was no USSR appropriate funds Air defense. Arose need in a safe interceptor, capable of shooting down not only intelligence plane, but also bomber With nuclear weapons. At that moment we remembered that we were working on such machines Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi.
IN May 1953 the year began new swift takeoff of the Sukhoi Design Bureau. To the team Pavel Osipovich Many of those who were scattered among others returned KB 3 years ago. Among those who recovered in KB, were Evgeniy Alekseevich Ivanov, which besides design also had talent punchy vein! He brought in invaluable contribution to the development Sukhoi Design Bureau, including thanks to his activities the number of design bureaus has increased several times. To work in KB Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi employees walked with desire! Dry never didn't raise his voice spoke calmly, always "You". Never didn't allow talk to yourself subordinates according to principle « if I'm the boss – I am always right »!
But when softness communication with subordinates never reduced demandingness. Let's say it happened happening, when this or that employee disrespectful reason did not cope with any task and accordingly was not ready report this reason failure to complete the task. When reporting in such a case Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi Very caught on quickly Something's wrong. But at the same time didn’t give a dressing down, and stood up and spoke : « I I see What You are not ready discuss this issue. How many To you need to time for this job ?» For example, it was required 3 day. He said : « Okay through 3 we'll meet in the afternoon again, Goodbye ». All ! After that the culprit felt myself as if beaten and left, feeling very embarrassed feeling!
IN 1953 year in autumn, KB Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi received production base on the territory of the aviation Khodynsky fields. Dry got the opportunity to return to his beloved subject, design fighters And interceptors. Previous 3 years of downtime Pavel Osipovich didn't waste it. He followed the developments A.I. Mikoyan(see article "Artyom Ivanovich Mikoyan"), S.A. Lavochkina(see article "Semyon Alekseevich Lavochkin"), A.S. Yakovleva ( see article "Alexander Sergeevich Yakovlev") and was I know their works. He was also aware of foreign developments.
For example, on Saturday and Sunday Pavel Osipovich Dry went to his dacha, took with me foreign magazines – English, German, French and free read technical texts on these languages. Then I took it from these magazines interested his technical solutions and gave his heads of departments of their KB, tasks work through their at home and give your conclusion on these technical new products! Only during formation of design bureau, Pavel Osipovich Dry already suggested 2 option new airplanes – These were supersonic fighters with triangular And swept wing ! Machine with triangular wing received the designation accordingly "T-3" and with swept wing "S-1". Calculated data from proposed models breathtaking!!! Expected to be exceeded speed of sound V 2 times ! At the same time it is necessary take account more weak at that time production base and extremely short time deliveries of new models to tests. But the team KB Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi was burning desire show yours capabilities and opportunities.
IN 1955 year September 7th airplane S-1 went out to flight tests. First the plane had to be lifted into the air by a test pilot Andrey Grigorievich Kochetkov. He had a task to complete "approach" - this meant that Kochetkov had tear off the plane from the runway and right his plant Andrey Grigorievich Kochetkov remembered : « I taxied to the start. Gave full speed engine, accelerated the plane to lift-off speed. And then it happened unexpected... Airplane instantly climbed up height 15 meters. I will immediately turned down the revs engine, but immediately realized that stripes for landing already will not be enough, and the plane will be broken... It instantly ripened in my head solution: necessary save the plane leaving to the air, having accepted it entirely responsibility for unauthorized takeoff to myself". The result was not "flying up" but full-fledged flight. For this first not authorized flight Kochetkov was not reprimanded but vice versa awarded with a prize! Soon on tests airplane Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi, S-1 showed speed more 2,000 km/h.
Then on database this car was created fighter-bomber, Su-7B. This aircraft became the ancestor and basis aircraft families fighter-bomber aviation THE USSR. Next model KB Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi became a fighter with VARIABLE SWIFT wing Su-17. This quality allows the fighter to low angle wing sweep to take off from short long takeoff run and when landing, sit down with shortened mileage, and with high angle develop wing sweep higher speed on high altitude. Run length tried during takeoff decrease and with the help of starting rocket boosters. Tried the same thing reduce take-off run during takeoff and run length when landing with additional lifting engines.
Parallel the fighter was being created T-3 With triangular wing First he rose into the air May 1956 of the year. IN 1956 year in summer, both planes KB Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi were shown by air parade For Sukhoi, it was not just a demonstration of his technique, but also here FIRST sounded it NAME on to the general public. This year main constructor Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi became general designer. Modified interceptor T-3 adopted into service with the designation Su-9. It was 2nd a plane with that name. Reactive aviation developed rapidly! Towards creation reactive aircraft, except the KB, now dozens were connected research institutes and organizations. Powerful engines, supersonic speed, complex onboard equipment. The pilots had to master this new one complex technique. Not without reason, during TRANSITION on new the technique appeared like this aphorism – “ constructor Dry, the plane is damp, but the pilot wet". The plane, of course wasn't "raw" it just meant that reactive plane more difficult in progress learning to fly On him.
Means of rescue there were also pilots on these machines not perfect. Several cases have occurred pilot losses. Accordingly, it started very dense creation work reliable pilot rescue equipment. Pavel Osipovich Dry myself personally supervised this work. He figured it out V nuances catapult devices along with privates and including young engineers. By the way, the problem of rescuing the pilot ALL MODES flight then Not was resolved not only in THE USSR, but also in all over the world. While working on ejection seats it turned out that they should have jet engines, complex automation and generally an ejection seat – This small flying apparatus. Pavel Osipovich Dry didn't interfere during creation ejection chairs, just once noticed young specialist : « Young man, you are everything Amazing you just do Do not forget please what are we creating combat aircraft Not only, in order to carry rescue equipment." That is, in any case ejection seat should not worsen combat characteristics airplane.
New Su-9 has become not just an airplane, but a part complex interception. it included ground stations guidance controlled class rockets air-to-air, radar station on board interceptor. KB Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi became THE BEGINNER in the creation aviation complexes Air defense. After Su-9 a more advanced fighter has appeared Su-11. Both aircraft entered the system Air defense of the USSR. For a long time it was the fastest And high-rise Soviet fighters. Next model KB Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi became two motor Su-15. There was already more than perfect radar station that allows you to hit targets, like on large, and on low altitudes. Su-15 was very RELIABLE car, so it loved and pilots and aircraft technicians. He turned out to be the most widespread fighter USSR and stood on defense air borders our country to early 1990s years !
In the middle 1960s years Sukhoi Design Bureau developed a lot of aircraft projects. To this moment Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi was already on his way 8th decade years. Despite his age, Pavel Osipovich still continued to work, and was in development course his KB. By- to another he himself and didn't think! IN 1963 year Sukhoi Design Bureau began to create a front-line bomber Su-24. As planned, this aircraft was supposed to approach the target at small And ultra-low altitudes, to stay out of sight locators enemy. Flight to ultra-low altitude on supersonic or transonic speed only possible with AUTOMATIC TERRAIN FOLLOWING SYSTEM terrain. Su-24 equipped with such a system. Exactly at KB Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi system AROUND THE TERRAIN was installed in USSR FOR THE FIRST TIME! IN mid 1970s years Su-24 started to enter troops. It is in service Air Force Russia still.
IN late 1960s years, Sukhoi Design Bureau started working on the project stormtrooper, subsequently named Su-25. The point is that employees KB started design Su-25 secretly from Sukhoi. IN KB a certain group designers who took up this work on own initiative, without informing management. About this work did not know even myself Dry! And only when the project reached stages, in which something appeared show and discuss, employees KB presented it Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi. After Dry listened to his colleagues, he said : “Continue work ». Pavel Osipovich was a very person polite And intelligent And DID NOT GIVE RATINGS. And his answer "keep working" and became the highest assessment And confirmation execution necessary work .
Military believed that Su-25 it should be supersonic. Constructors Sukhoi Design Bureau thought differently. Moreover, considering world experience, it was clear that during the fire support With air directly above field battle, supersonic speed is not needed. Do you need a higher one? protection from weapons enemy, good review from the cabin, maneuverability And survivability aircraft, the ability to fly combat actions on ultra-low altitudes. After completion, the robot Su-25, Design Bureau of Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi introduced him to Scientific and technical committee Air Force. The answer turned out to be negative! Military motivated their answer is that they don’t need it subsonic airplane. Employees The design bureaus lost heart, so to speak it worked for "basket". However Dry told the employees KB: " Don't hang your nose continue work on the project, carry out further elaboration And improvement of the Su-25. They simply do not understand, that they will have such a plane needed! When they do this will understand - everything will fall into place !» Later Su-25 Very successfully has been used for several decades! Stormtrooper Su-25 became one of the best stormtroopers in world! Based on it, several modifications, including ship's option.
IN Soviet aviation Design Bureau of Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi rightfully occupied a niche fighters. But at the beginning 1960s years, Sukhoi had the opportunity to try my hand at creating long-range bomber. Military set the conditions technical characteristics future aircraft. He must fly altitude 24,000 meters, per range no less 7 000 km, on speed more 3 000 km/hour IN USSR aircraft development distant aviation were engaged two design bureaus - Tupolev And Myasishcheva ( see article "Andrey Nikolaevich Tupolev" and article "Vladimir Mikhailovich Myasishchev"). But experience creating aircraft that fly on SUPERSONIC SPEEDS only had FIGHTER KB, A speed new bomber should have been no less 3 speeds of sound! Therefore, they involved in this work Design Bureau of Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi. Later he recalled : “...fighter design bureau organically inherent desire for small forms, and this plane can be created, pushing off exactly from small forms."
In the announced competition the project won Sukhoi Design Bureau! It got the name "T-4" ( see article "Su-100"). Novelty project amounted to almost 100 percent! This circumstance required non-standard decisions. IN materials, from which they were made T-4, was present steel, but in mostly used TITANIUM. FIRST V WORLD applied electro remote control system, hydro turbopumps, automatic traction. Information from all on-board systems was processed 2 computers, which provided guidance on target flying blind and much more. This work involved experts from different scientific and industrial industries such as radio electronics engineers, metallurgists, chemists, physicists. Employees Design Bureau of Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi, working on an airplane T-4, received more 200 Copyright Certificates for inventions !!!
Because of difficulties project first experienced a copy was built only in 1971 year, and first flight carried out summer of 1972 of the year. At first tests it became clear that T- 4 build SERIALLY NOWHERE. The only aircraft factory at that time capable produce airplanes large size - Kazan, but he specialized in producing cars Tupolev, which tried download it quickly your new by plane. For this reason T-4 was lowered on brakes SUPERSONIC bomber Design Bureau of Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi, T-4 completed several test flights and work on it stopped??? IN Order about closure T-4 they said it was closed supposedly in favor of work on Tu-160(see article "Tu-160"). In fact later NOT ALL principles embedded in T-4, were applied V Tu-160.
Like many Soviet aircraft designers Dry was not spared honors and awards. He was a laureate State And Lenin Prize. Twice Hero of Socialist Labor. Name medal A.N.Tupoleva N1 was awarded to him, but posthumously. Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi possessed charming smile, but in conversations about in fact he smiled rarely. There is such tradition, when after successful test the whole new plane team gets ready and notes this is an event, but Sukhoi didn't like such events. He could to appear V beginning celebration, say first words hold the glass, but after that left immediately banquet.
Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi knew how LISTEN to people and it didn’t matter Who was his interlocutor positions. First he silently, without interrupting, listened person, and only then brought your reasons. In case if companion he was not interesting, he didn't speak directly "go away" A turned away the other way and stopped You listen. For unprepared human method Sukhoi's communication could seem strange. For example, Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi called someone on the phone to a subordinate. When he picked up the phone, Dry without waiting answer - Who at the other end of the line, and even without waiting - “hello” immediately began to say what he needed to say, and then hung up. Wherein companion Sukhoi could not pronounce not a single word. So Dry did Not because of disrespect subordinate, and for strict time saving. Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi never didn't brag with your achievements !
Despite the closure T-4, developments on it applied in the future, on others on airplanes, for example Su-27! Design Su-27 started in first half of the 1970s years. Unfortunately, Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi didn't see first flight of an experimental machine. He was gone September 15, 1975 of the year. At that moment experienced only a copy yet were going to build. Once upon a time while living at home Pavel Osipovich told my wife : « If only I could 10 years - I would do THIS...!” That is, he had big plans! After Sukhoi head KB became his closest assistant Evgeny Alekseevich Ivanov. But he stayed in charge KB relatively not for long because they were whole only together With Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi.
Life Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi it was a great day difficult - persecution, closure of the KB, closing projects. But returning to work, he every time invested in all of their products your soul And knowledge! That's why many his developments, created during his lifetime continue apply improving to this day ! An example of this is Su-47, Su-34, T-50 PAK FA. But most importantly, is team founded Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi, which and Today is one of leading design bureaus in our country !
Pavel Sukhoi was born on July 22, 1895 in the village of Glubokoe, Belarus. He grew up in the family of a teacher. Soon the family moved to Gomel, where in 1914 Pavel graduated from the gymnasium with a medal. It was then that he first saw the flight of the Farman aircraft, and when he read one of N.E.’s articles. Zhukovsky, then finally decided on the choice of his future profession.
In 1915, Sukhoi entered the Moscow Higher Technical School, and also studied in an aeronautics club. A year later he was drafted into the army, he graduated from ensign school and participated in the First World War.
Having been demobilized in 1918, Pavel returned to his native land, where he worked as a mathematics teacher at school, and then continued his studies at the Moscow Higher Technical School, where he graduated in 1925.
Then Sukhoi's design activities began. At first he worked at the Design Bureau of A.N. Tupolev and at plant No. 156 - he was a design engineer, team leader and deputy chief designer. During this period, he created the I-4, I-14 fighters, the record-breaking ANT-25 and ANT-37bis Rodina aircraft and others. He was directly involved in the development of the Ivanov aircraft, which ended with the creation of the Su-2 multi-purpose combat aircraft, which was successfully used during the Great Patriotic War.
In 1940, Pavel Osipovich took the post of chief designer of the design bureau, based at factories in Moscow and the Moscow region, and at the same time was the director of these factories. One of the designer’s most famous works of these years is the Su-6 armored attack aircraft.
In 1949-1953, he held the position of deputy chief designer at the Tupolev Design Bureau, and since 1953, he was again the general designer of his design bureau.
Pavel Sukhoi became one of the first Soviet aircraft designers to lead work in the field of jet aviation, creating several experienced jet fighters. In the post-war years, under his leadership, a number of serial combat vehicles were developed, including the Su-7 fighter, Su-9, Su-11 and Su-15 fighter-interceptors, Su-7B and Su-17 fighter-bombers, and Su front-line bomber -24, Su-25 attack aircraft, Su-27 fighter and others.
Under the leadership of Sukhoi, over the half-century period of his career, more than 50 original designs and aircraft were designed, many of which were distinguished by high flight performance and combat qualities, more than 40 types of aircraft were built, more than half of which were mass-produced and were in service with the Air Force of our country. Moreover, many developments were somewhat ahead of their time.
He is one of the creators of jet and supersonic aviation. Sukhoi-designed aircraft set two world altitude records and two world closed-route flight speed records.
The famous and talented aircraft designer, Doctor of Technical Sciences, professor, twice Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of the Lenin, Stalin and State Prizes - Pavel Osipovich was awarded three Orders of Lenin, the Order of the October Revolution, the Red Banner of Labor, the Red Star, the Badge of Honor, and a gold medal named after A.N. Tupolev Academy of Sciences of the USSR and other awards.
In 1958-1974 he was a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi died on September 15, 1975 in Moscow and was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in the capital.
The Gomel State Technical University and streets in Moscow and Gomel are named after the designer. In school No. 1 in the city of Glubokoe, a Sukhoi museum was opened, and in Gomel there was a monument to him, a bust and a memorial plaque on the building of the former gymnasium in which he studied, in Moscow - a memorial plaque on the house in which he lived. Pavel Osipovich's design bureau continues to live and develop.
Today OJSC Sukhoi Company is the largest Russian aviation holding company, which includes leading Russian design bureaus and aircraft manufacturing plants. The company provides a full cycle of work in the aircraft industry - from design to effective after-sales service. Products - Su brand combat aircraft are advanced examples of the global arms market and form the basis of the Russian Air Force and many countries around the world.