Hard times on Russian soil 4. Hard times on Russian soil. Comprehension and understanding of the acquired knowledge

slide 12

Why did Russia submit to the Mongol-Tatars?

There was no peace and harmony between the Russian princes: they competed with each other, as each wanted to become the chief among all.

The military strength of each principality separately could not be compared with the immense strength of the Mongols.

slide 13

Most of the Russian lands became dependent on the Golden Horde - this is how the state of the Mongol-Tatars began to be called. From now on, Russia obeyed the orders of the khans, paid a huge tribute, and was subjected to devastating raids. Khans appointed princes at their own discretion.

Slide 14

But not only the Mongol-Tatars attacked the Russian land. At the time when Batu was ravaging Russia, Alexander, the son of Grand Duke Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, reigned in Novgorod. Novgorodians had to defend their independence from the Swedish invaders and German crusader knights.

slide 15

A knight is a mounted warrior protected by armor. They were called crusaders because they had a cross depicted on their clothes and armor.

slide 16

In 1240, on the orders of the Pope, the King of Sweden sent a large army against the Novgorodians. The Swedish commander Birger led his army to the mouth of the Neva River and sent his ambassadors to Novgorod to the young prince Alexander Yaroslavovich. “Fight if you can. I am already on your land,” the ambassadors conveyed Birger’s words.

Slide 17

There was no time to gather strength. Alexander told his squad: “There are not many of us, but the enemy is strong. But God is not in power, but in truth: follow your prince, ”and unexpectedly attacked the Swedes. The battle lasted from dawn to dusk.

Slide 18

Alexander himself fought with Birger and wounded him in the face. The combatant Savva cut down the pillar of Birger's tent, the tent fell, the Swedes trembled and ran to the ships on which they sailed. The news of the victory on the Neva spread throughout Russia. Alexander was given the nickname Nevsky for this battle. And he was only 20 years old.

Slide 19

Shortly after the Neva victory, the crusaders reappeared in the Russian lands. The enemy captured Pskov and began to advance towards Novgorod. The decisive battle took place on Lake Peipsi on April 5, 1242. The battle was called the Battle of the Ice.

Slide 20

Textbook work

Find on the map (p. 61) the battlefields of the Russian troops with the Swedish and German invaders

Read the text on p.63 of the textbook.

How did the military talent of Alexander Nevsky manifest itself in the battle on the ice of Lake Peipsi?

slide 21

Battle on the Ice

The knights built their army in a special way - their battle order resembled a pig. In the center and on the sides were heavily armed horsemen, behind - light cavalry and in the center - heavily armed infantry. The enemy was surrounded, breaking through his system.

Lesson of the surrounding world "Difficult times on Russian soil".

4th grade

Tasks:

To acquaint with the history of the Mongol-Tatar invasion; with the historical figure Alexander Nevsky; battles - the Neva and the Battle of the Ice; show the role in the history of Russia Alexander.

Develop attention, observation, teach to establish cause-and-effect relationships.

To cultivate a sense of pride in one's people, an interest in one's native history.

Develop the skills of independent work in groups, the ability to work with a map and additional material,

Equipment: computer, projector, screen, interactive whiteboard, computer presentation, video fragments “Alexander Nevsky”, additional material, historical dates.

During the classes:

Organization of the class (music sounds)

1 slide. I would like to start our lesson with a catch phrase "Without knowing the past, we have no right to the future." With these words in mind, let's check how we studied the pages of the history of Ancient Russia.

Knowledge update

Solving the crossword puzzle.

2 slide. You need to solve a crossword puzzle based on the material studied and write down the keyword.

What important event happened in 988? (baptism)

What were the good fellows of Ancient Russia called? (heroes)

The name of the prince whom people called Vladimir Krasnoe ---------? (Sun)

Which Russian prince became famous for his military exploits against Byzantium? (Oleg)

What is another word for the temple in Russia? (the cathedral)

What was written in ancient Russia? (Birch bark)

What was the name of Prince Oleg? (prophetic)

Records of the most important events (Chronicle)

Who were the prince's advisers and assistants? (boyars)

What was the keyword? How do you understand this word? (invasion) how can you say in other words - what is an invasion? Let's see how this word is explained in the dictionary.

3. Introduction to the topic (the student reads a poem to the music).

- 3 slide. Let's listen to the poem "Rus" written by the famous poet Ivan Savvich Nikitin.

under a big tent

blue skies -

I see the fields are turning green.

You are wide, Russia,

On the face of the earth

Unfolded in royal beauty!

And in all parts of the white world

There is great fame about you.

And there is something for that, mighty Russia,

love you, call you mother,

Stand for your honor against the enemy,

For you in need lay down your head!

Can you guess what the lesson will be about? (About the invasion of Russia)

Today we will get acquainted with the heroic pages of the history of the Fatherland, learn how Russia defended its independence.

- 4 slide. In the summer of 1223, a comet appeared in the sky. It flew so close to the Earth that its tail, illuminating the sky, was clearly visible even during the day.

Since in those days there was no scientific explanation for this phenomenon, people took the comet as a bad sign, portending misfortune and grief. And many people associated the appearance of the comet with the tragic events in Russia.

5 slide. Indeed, difficult times soon fell on Russia.

4. Study of new material.

In the 13th century, severe trials fell upon Russia. Today in the lesson we will talk about three events that occurred in difficult times in Russia.

6 slide. (Map of Russia). Pay attention to the map - Russia is divided into principalities that lived separately at that time, there was no agreement between them. Everyone was for himself. In some principalities, there was no prince. It was ruled by rich people - the boyars. Russia turned out to be a tasty morsel, not protected from enemies.

And who coveted Russia? We will find out as we research.

Now you will unite in groups of historians-researchers. Each group will be given a task: to find out who the invaders were. I hope that an atmosphere of creativity, mutual assistance, and friendship will reign in each group.

(children work according to the textbook and plan)

1 group

-



7 slide. Yes, look at what the Mongol warriors looked like, how they were armed, in what dwellings they lived. And how Russian soldiers were dressed.

The first Russian city on the way of Batu was Ryazan. The year was 1237. Prince Yuri asked for help from the princes who ruled in Chernigov and Vladimir. But he waited in vain for help. Help didn't come. The city was destroyed, and all its inhabitants died.

In February 1238, the hordes of Batu besieged Vladimir. The prince of Vladimir was waiting for help from the princes of Kiev and Novgorod. But none of them came to the rescue. The city fell. The last defenders of Vladimir died in a fire in the Assumption Cathedral.

The capture of cities continued. Batu opened the road to the rich city of Novgorod. However, he turned back. On his way stood the fortress city of Kozelsk. The siege and assaults continued for seven weeks. Thousands of soldiers perished under the walls of Kozelsk. When all the townspeople were exterminated, the Mongols called Kozelsk the "evil city".

In 1240, the city of Kyiv was captured and destroyed.

After that, the conquest of Russia ended. Batu turned back and in the lower reaches of the Volga he founded the capital of his state, which was called the Golden Horde.
Most of the Russian lands became dependent on the Golden Horde. Now Russia had to pay tribute to the Horde.

What is the origin of the word "tribute"? (give, gift)

Tribute is a tribute, a payment collected by the victor from the defeated people. The princes had to go to the ruler of the Golden Horde for permission to own the principality.

Think! Why, despite the heroic resistance of the Russian people, did the Mongol-Tatars win? (They were excellent riders and archers. Iron discipline reigned in their army. If 1 out of 10 warriors fled from the battlefield, then his entire family was destroyed.)

Folk wisdom says: one trouble does not come. A new threat appeared on the northwestern borders of Russia. The danger came from the Swedish invaders.
We give the floor to group 2.

2 group.

Quite right. The Swedes were defeated.
The Russian army lost only 20 people. For the victory on the Neva, Prince Alexander received the nickname Nevsky.

What goals did the Swedes pursue? (capture of territory and enrichment)

Think! Why did the Swedes launch their offensive in 1240? Why were they sure of success? (Rus was weakened from the enslavement of the Mongol-Tatars, Novgorod - a rich city was not captured by the Mongol-Tatars and the absence of a prince)

The trouble also came from the west from the German crusader knights.
Group 3 answers.

3rd group.

And now we mentally fast forward to 1242. How many years have passed since the Battle of Neva? (2 years) A picture with crusaders and a video with a priest.

Think about why the knights were called crusaders? (A cross was depicted on clothes and weapons)

Let's take a look at the knight's armor. What can you say about them?

Viewing a fragment from the film "Alexander Nevsky" about the Crusaders.

What words did the leader of the knights say? (I invite you to persecute the Russian beast)

What did he mean? (They wanted to enslave the Russian people, seize their territory and convert them to their faith).

Listen carefully to what Alexander Nevsky is talking about with the people of Novgorod.

A fragment from the film "Alexander Nevsky" is shown (the boyars' name is Alexander).

What new trouble has come to Russian soil? (Germans)

What did Alexander call Novgorodians to? (beat the enemy for insulting the Russian land)

Having gathered enough strength, Alexander decides to give the main battle on April 5, 1242 on the ice of Lake Peipsi.

Why did Alexander Nevsky lure the knights to Lake Peipus? What was his goal? Knowing that some of the ice on the lake has melted slightly. (Crusader armor is heavy, they will sink)

This battle went down in history under the name of the Battle of the Ice.

Indeed, that is what happened. Now we'll see animation"Battle on the Ice" and answer the questions:

1. How did the crusaders build their troops?

5. Musical pause.

2. How did Alexander build his troops?

3. How did the battle go and how did it end?

Video on Lake Peipus.

50 captured knights were carried out in disgrace through the streets of Novgorod. In a time of severe disasters, we managed to defend the northwestern borders of our Motherland.

6. Knowledge test (test).

"Hard times on Russian soil"

The campaign of the Mongol-Tatars was led by the Khan:

a) Baty; b) Genghis Khan; c) Temujin.

Which city was the first to cross their path?

a) Novgorod; b) Ryazan; c) Vladimir.

What Russian city was nicknamed the "evil city" for stubborn resistance?

a) Smolensk; b) Kyiv; c) Kozelsk.

What was the name of the Mongol-Tatar state?

a) the Golden Horde; b) the Mongolian Horde; c) Tatar Horde.

The capital of the Mongol-Tatar state was the city:

a) Galich; b) barn; c) Polotsk.

What did Russia pay to the Horde?

a) tribute; b) redemption c) tax.

Who struck at the northwestern borders of Russia?

a) Swedes b) Mongols; c) Tatars.

The prince of Novgorod gave a decisive rebuff to the enemies:

a) Vladimir; b) Yaroslav; c) Alexander.

What nickname did the prince of Novgorod receive for the first victory over his enemies?

a) wise b) Prophetic; c) Nevsky.

The Crusader Knights were defeated on the ice:

a) Lake Ladoga; b) Lake Peipus; c) Lake Onega.

When did the Battle of the Ice take place?7. The result of the lesson.

Alexander Nevsky is a great man. He was elevated to the rank of saints. Icon slide. Monuments were erected to him in many cities. . Slide. And in our area there is a monument to Alexander Nevsky on the "Somov" mountains. Slide. Not so long ago, the project "Name of Russia" was held on the first channel. Alexander Nevsky was chosen as the name of Russia. The role of Alexander in the history of our country is difficult to overestimate. Not in vain after his death, Metropolitan Kirill said: "The Sun of the Russian Land has set." Listen to what Alexander said after the battle on Lake Peipsi.

On display fragment from the film"Alexander Nevskiy".

How do you understand his words? What is their main idea? (Protection of the Motherland is the sacred duty of every citizen)

I think you will always follow this advice.

Well done! Thank you for the lesson!

8. Homework.

Make a book for each group.

1 group

1. Who attacked from the East? When? (Mongol-Tatars in the 13th century, in 1237)

   Who led the campaign against Russia? (Khan Baty)

   Which cities were attacked? (Ryazan, Vladimir)

   Which city on the way of the invaders turned out to be an "evil" city? (Kozelsk)

   What is the Golden Horde? (state of the Mongol-Tatars)

   What did the Russian princes pay to the Mongol-Tatars? (tribute)

Children: (In the 13th century, in 1237, Batu Khan attacked Russia. The cities of Ryazan and Vladimir were attacked. Kozelsk turned out to be an “evil” city. Russian princes paid tribute to the Mongol-Tatars.)

2 group.

1. Who attacked from the northwest? (Swedes)

2. In what year did this happen? (in 1240)

3. On which river did the battle take place? (neva)

4. What prince with his retinue opposed them? (Alexander)

5. How did the battle end? (Swedes were defeated)

6. What nickname did Alexander receive after this battle? (Nevsky)

Children: (In 1240, the Swedes attacked Russia from the northwest. This battle took place on the Neva River. Prince Alexander and his squad defeated the Swedes. After this victory, they began to call him Alexander Nevsky.)

3rd group.

Who attacked from the west and in what year? (Crusader knights in 1242)

Where did it happen? (on the ice of Lake Peipsi)

What was the name of this battle? (Battle on the Ice)

How were crusader knights lined up in battle? (wedge)

What were the Russian soldiers armed with? (with bows, axes, swords and hooks)

Why were the crusaders defeated? (due to heavy armor).

Children: In 1242, crusader knights attacked Russia from the west. The battle took place on Lake Peipsi. In battle, the crusader knights formed a wedge. Russian soldiers were armed with bows, axes, swords and hooks. Because of the heavy armor, the knights fell through the ice and drowned in the lake.

Lesson 45

Goals:

1. To form students' ideas about military affairs in Russia.

2. To acquaint with the heroic pages of the history of the Fatherland.

3. Develop the ability to work with the map.

4. Cultivate love for the motherland.

O u r d o v a n i e: historical map; scheme "Conquest campaigns of the Mongol-Tatars", scheme "Battle on Lake Peipsi".

During the classes

I. Organizational moment. Message topics, objectives of the lesson.

Teacher. Today we will get acquainted with the heroic pages of the history of the Fatherland.

II. Checking homework.

The teacher conducts a face-to-face survey:

- Who created the Slavic alphabet?

– What were the books like in ancient Russia?

– What does the design of ancient books resemble modern books?

Several students do individual work on the cards.

No. 1. Insert the missing words to get the correct statements.

The Slavic alphabet was created by Byzantine monks ... and ... (Cyril and Methodius) who lived in... (IX) century. Writing in Russia began to spread after the adoption of ... (Christianity). In ancient Russia, records were kept of the most important events - ... (chronicles). The most famous chronicle of Ancient Russia is ... ("The Tale of Bygone Years"). It was written at the beginning of the XII century by a monk ... (Nestor). He talks about tribes... (eastern) Slavs.

No. 2. Using arrows, connect the historical event and the name of the Russian prince associated with this event.

III. Working on new material.

Teacher. In 1223, the chronicler wrote: “An unheard-of army has come. Nobody knows them well, who they are and where they came from, and what their language is, and what tribe they are, and what their faith is. This is how they described the appearance of a new dangerous enemy near the borders of Russia - the Mongol-Tatars.

Tatars, or Mongols, lived far to the east of the Russian borders, inside Central Asia. At the beginning of the XIII century, they had a state.

Mongol-Tatars are nomadic tribes. They were engaged in cattle breeding: horses, camels, cows, sheep, goats. Cattle needed new pastures, so the Mongols moved from place to place in search of new pastures.

The need to conquer new pastures for cattle breeding led to the formation of the Mongolian state. In 1206, the leaders of the Mongol-Tatar tribes gathered on the Onon River for a kurultai (congress of the Mongol nobility) and elected Genghis Khan as leader. He led the conquests of the Mongol-Tatars.

The teacher shows the diagram.

They had a well organized army. The main striking force of the Mongol-Tatars was the cavalry. Each warrior had two or three bows, several quivers with arrows, an ax, a rope, and was proficient with a saber. The horse of the warrior was covered with skins and thus was protected from the arrows of the enemy. The head, neck and chest of the warrior were protected by a helmet and leather armor.

The teacher offers to consider drawings depicting warriors: Russian and Mongolian. Compare them (p. 60 of the textbook). The students conclude that the Mongol warriors had the best equipment.

Teacher. In 1223, the Mongol army appeared in the Black Sea steppes near the borders of Russia, where the Polovtsians lived. The Polovtsians fled in droves to Russia: “We are now beaten, and if you don’t help us, they will cut you down too.” Several Russian princes (Mstislav of Kyiv, Mstislav of Chernigov, Mstislav of Galicia) got together and on May 31 met with the Tatars on the Kalka River, near the Sea of ​​Azov.

Having attacked the guard detachment, the princely squads began to pursue him and stretched out so much that they lost contact with each other. When, on the ninth day of the campaign across the Kalka River, the princes were met by a close formation of the Mongol cavalry, it was difficult to restore order of battle. Russian squads were defeated one by one.

The teacher proposes to show on the map the place of the battle on the river, to name the cities captured by the Mongol-Tatar army.

Students. Ryazan, Vladimir, Moscow, Pereyaslavl, Torzhok, Kozelsk, etc.

The teacher demonstrates the scheme of campaigns of the Mongol-Tatar army:

1223 → Kalka river;

1237 → Ryazan → Kolomna → Moscow → Vladimir → Torzhok → Kozelsk (“evil city”) → Novgorod;

1240 → Kyiv.

Teacher. In 1237, the Mongol-Tatars crossed the Volga, as they set their sights on Russian lands. The princes knew about the danger, but did nothing to join forces to repel the enemy, they were busy with civil strife (they fought among themselves to expand their possessions).

The army of Batu numbered 150 thousand soldiers, while all of Russia could muster 100 thousand soldiers.

Ryazan suffered the first blow (teacher shows on the map). The Mongolian ambassadors demanded obedience and one-tenth "in everything". The people of Ryazan responded courageously: "If we are all gone, everything will be yours." All Ryazanians died defending their city, including Prince Yuri Ryazansky. Since then, this city has not risen. A new one was built 60 km from this place.

In January along the Oka River (shows on the map) The Mongol army moved to the city of Vladimir. The battle, which ended in the defeat of the Russian troops, took place near Kolomna.

A hundred kilometers did not reach the Mongol-Tatars to Novgorod. The spring thaw made the roads impassable for the Mongol cavalry. Khan Batu turned his army back. On the way lay the city of Kozelsk.

The Kozeltsy decided at the veche: the Tatars should not give up and “lay down their lives” for the prince in order to receive glory in this world, and in the next - a crown from Christ God. Kozelsk held out for seven weeks: the townspeople fought with the Tatars in the field, slaughtered with them on the city walls and honestly died to the last. The horde did not spare either women, or elders, or babies. Kozelsk became one huge grave. The Kozelsky prince also died. He was still a small child, and rumors spread that he had drowned in blood. Since that time, the Tatars did not call the city Kozelsky, but called it the "evil city".

In 1239, the Tatar army appeared in South Russia (shows on the map). None of the Russian cities liked the Tatars like Kyiv:

Tsar Batu is approaching us near Kyiv,

He approaches with two sons,

And with the son-in-law, with Lukoper-bogatyr.

And he writes, dog, boasts:

"I'll burn the city of Kiev, I'll cut it down,

God's churches will blow with smoke,

I will take the prince with the princess in full,

And I’ll weld the boyar princes in a cauldron.”

December 6, 1240 Kyiv fell. In 1243, after a campaign against South Russia in the Volga region, the state of the Golden Horde arose with the capital Saray (near modern Astrakhan). Russian princes now received a label from the Golden Horde khans - a khan's letter with the right to reign. And they brought tribute to the khans - rich gifts of food, silver, handicrafts.

Thus, the Mongol-Tatar yoke over Russia was established - dependence on the conquerors, consisting in the payment of tribute.

Barely, barely, barely (Slowly circling in place

The carousels started spinning. to the right side.)

And then, then, then

Everyone run, run, run!

Let's run, let's run (Easy running in place.)

Hush, hush, don't rush (Gradually slow down the run,

Stop the carousel. stopped, circled

twirled, twirled sat down.)

Sat down to rest.

Teacher. Not only evil Tatars offended Russian people. Other enemies came to Russia from the northwest - the Swedes. Their chief, Birger, sent his soldiers to the city of Novgorod and ordered the Novgorod prince Alexander to say: “We have come to take this city for ourselves, and we want to make you, prince, and your children our servants!” Let's read the article "Prince Alexander Nevsky" on p. 62–63 of the textbook.

Teacher (complements). Prince Alexander was only 20 years old. Shortly after the battle, the crusaders sent their ambassadors to Novgorod to ask for peace. Alexander agreed to peace, but warned: "Whoever comes to us with a sword will die by the sword."

Students show on the map the places of battles of Russian troops with the Swedish and German invaders.

IV. Consolidation of what has been learned.

The teacher conducts a conversation on the questions:

Who attacked Russia in the 13th century?

- Who led the campaign of the Mongol-Tatar army against Russia?

– What was the first Russian city on their way?

- Which city offered Batu serious resistance?

- What happened to Kiev?

- What was the name of the state of the Mongol-Tatars?

- Why did the Mongol-Tatar warriors capture the ancient Russian cities?

Students fill in with xemu:

- What is the threat from the north-west for Russia?

Who opposed them?

- How did Alexander defeat the Swedes?

What nickname did he get for this victory?

- Under what name did the battle on the ice of Lake Peipsi go down in history?

How were the crusaders built? For what purpose?

How did Alexander defeat the crusaders?

Teacher. Two chroniclers, belonging to different belligerents, describe the same battle.

Divide into two teams, and let the first team describe the battle for one army, and the second for the other. Compare the description in the class. What is the difference?

V. Summary of the lesson. Grading.

Students read the output on p. 64 textbooks.

Homework.

pp. 59–63. Answer the "Check Yourself" questions. Complete the tasks on p. 64.

At various times, Russia regularly experienced enemy pressure. Many conquerors tried to get this "tidbit". However, in the 13th century, truly difficult times came on Russian soil. The existence of the ancient Russian state was under great threat.

Russia in the 13th century

In those distant times, Russia was a fragmented country, divided into numerous principalities. There was no unity and friendly relations between them: each prince strove for sole power and was for himself. In some principalities there was no prince at all, and they were ruled by the boyars - the local rich nobility.

In Russia there was no single cohesive army, there was no wise and strong ruler who could protect the homeland from enemies.

It is not surprising that such a large, rich, but at the same time weakened by endless strife country was a mere prey for enemy invaders.

Batu invasion

After the death of the invincible Genghis Khan, his grandson, Batu, came to power in the Golden Horde (the state of the Mongols). Having gathered a huge army for those times - about 140 thousand people - he sent it towards Russia. The autumn of 1237 was marked by the invasion of the Mongol-Tatar yoke into the territory of the ancient Russian state.

TOP 4 articleswho read along with this

Rice. 1. Khan Batu.

Their attack took place in the following sequence:

• Ryazan became the first Russian city that appeared on the path of Batu Khan's army. The locals kept the defense for five days, but on the sixth day the city fell to the feet of the Mongols, who ravaged it and burned it to the ground. Almost all Ryazanians died in this battle.
• The next goal of the Mongol-Tatar army was the glorious city of Vladimir. When the invaders defeated it, they very quickly subjugated many other Russian cities.
• The path to rich Novgorod turned out to be free, but Batu Khan turned back and captured Kyiv.

Almost all of Russia was in ruins after the invasion of the Golden Horde. The Russian state turned out to be completely dependent on its invaders, and from now on it had to pay monetary tribute.

Rice. 2. The army of the Golden Horde.

Tribute is a payment that was taken by the winners from the defeated people. Russian princes were obliged to go to the Horde Khan to pay tribute and humiliatingly ask for permission to own their own lands.

In the fight against Russia, the Mongol-Tatars noticeably weakened, and were no longer able to subjugate the whole of Europe, as they had originally planned. But from that moment on, difficult times came for the Russian land: for two centuries it groaned under the heaviest yoke of its invaders. Each conquered principality was obliged to pay a considerable tribute to the Tatar rulers. Russia was freed from these shackles only in 1480.

Threat from the northwest

However, not only in the east and south, Russia knew defeat. In the western regions, battles were regularly fought with the Germans, Lithuanians, and Swedes. The knights sought to capture Novgorod - the only Russian city not devastated by the Mongols.

Warriors from European countries were called knights. They were well-armed and well-armored warriors who rode on strong, hardy horses.

In the 13th century, in the history of Russia, two battles with Western invaders stand out especially clearly:

• Neva battle . In July 1240, the Swedish fleet approached the banks of the Neva. Prince Alexander of Novgorod with his retinue came out to meet the enemy ships. He managed to cope with the heavily armed Swedish army. At that time, the Russian hero was only 20 years old, and thanks to his brilliant victory over the enemy, he went down in history as Alexander Nevsky.
• Battle on the Ice . In 1242, Alexander Nevsky, at the head of his faithful squad, dealt a crushing blow to the crusader knights. This historic battle took place in the winter on Lake Peipus, bound by ice. There were so many victims among the knights that the Livonian Order did not attempt to attack the Russian lands again for the next ten years.

Rice. 3. Alexander Nevsky.

The 13th century became one of the most difficult and bloody for Russia, both for the ruling elite and for the common people. Numerous fierce battles and the hardest tribute to the Tatar Khan had a very strong impact on the development of Russia, which took a long time to get stronger and declare itself to the whole world.

What have we learned?

When studying the topic “Difficult times on Russian soil” under the 4th grade program of the world around us, we found out what events had such a strong impact on the ancient Russian state. The invasion of the Golden Horde and the battles with the Swedes severely crippled Russia, which was not soon able to regain its strength and power.

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