Learning to distinguish between edible mushrooms and inedible twins. Mushrooms are edible and their counterparts. What mushrooms do we collect in a basket? Champignon poisonous twin
Along with edible mushrooms, poisonous ones also grow in the forest. Some of them are very different from their edible counterparts, they end up in the baskets of mushroom pickers only by a ridiculous mistake. However, there are others. The so-called false mushrooms can exactly copy the edible varieties in appearance, but be poisonous.
Each mushroom picker must know exactly which mushrooms have false twins. How to distinguish edible fruiting bodies from false. To learn this, it is necessary to consider the most insidious varieties that mimic noble breeds.
Seventh place - false waves
These mushrooms are classified as false mushrooms or false mushrooms, outwardly they can resemble both. In the people they are called whites, they are classified as conditionally edible. They need to be able to cook properly, pre-soaking and boiling. If this need is neglected, there is a risk of poisoning, which will be expressed as a moderate gastrointestinal disorder. The milky is sluggish, the milky is prickly - they can all be confused with waves.
Sixth place - false pigs
Real pigs, they are also mulleins, are not collected by all mushroom pickers, although some value them highly. The mushroom is suitable for frying and salting, has a slightly sour taste. There are several varieties of this fungus that are similar to each other, one of them is poisonous - this is the alder pig. She has a thin leg, while the edible species of this mushroom have a thick leg.
Fifth place - false values
Valui are amber-colored mushrooms covered with a mucous membrane. Initially, they are rounded, then, as they grow, the hat opens up and becomes flat. They are harvested for further salting, in many regions they are considered a delicacy. However, this mushroom has a dangerous false counterpart - the so-called horseradish mushroom, which smells like horseradish.
The stem of this mushroom is covered with scales. Coal-loving Gebeloma is another dangerous double with a sharp bitterness in taste. This mushroom is also amber in color, slimy, but does not have a specific rounded shape of the valuu, as well as its large size.
Fourth place - false mushrooms
False mushrooms are a slightly toxic mushroom, but if you eat a large portion, it is quite possible to get poisoned. Like volnushki, mushrooms are confused with milkers, especially with gray-pink ones, which just often live in the same place where mushrooms grow, because they need similar conditions. Grey-pink milky can be dangerous. To distinguish this mushroom, just press on it. A whitish juice with an unpleasant odor comes out of the milky.
Third place - false chanterelles
Chanterelles are extremely useful mushrooms that delight not only with an abundance of protein and nutrients, but also with their special properties. They are even taken abroad, as it is believed that they remove radioactive substances from the body, help in the fight against cancer, and have antiseptic properties. On top of all that, they just taste good. Therefore, mushroom pickers are always happy to see a clearing of these beautiful mushrooms. But the meal can end badly, because this type of mushroom has a false double, which is poisonous.
The talker prefers to live not in the fallen leaves of birch groves, like a real fox, but on stumps and deadwood. While chanterelles live in families, this fungus is often found alone. But even one mushroom will be enough to get all the signs of acute poisoning.
The false chanterelle has a brighter color, while the real one is muted. The real one has wavy edges, often uneven, while the fake one is proportionately folded. If you press on a real fox, a bright spot will come out. A false one will not give any trace. In addition, it has an unpleasant odor. Experienced mushroom pickers generally advise to pay attention to the smell of mushrooms more often, to refuse unpleasantly smelling fruiting bodies.
Second place - false mushrooms
Honey mushrooms are also very popular, they have an excellent taste, are suitable for harvesting for the winter, and are perfectly stored. This mushroom is versatile and easy to pick. He has a dangerous double that is important to avoid. The false honey agaric does not have a membrane that remains on the leg of the real one.
The real one has a pleasant smell, while the inedible one has an earthy, not very attractive smell. The plates under the hat in real individuals are lighter, and there are scales on top. False mushrooms have a brighter color than real ones - everything is the same here as with chanterelles.
The most insidious twin mushrooms
The most insidious double mushrooms are false champignons. In general, champignon is a very attractive mushroom, rich in protein, versatile in cooking. You can even eat it raw! But only if we are talking about real champignon.
Mushrooms are represented by many varieties, each of which has its own taste, aroma, which attracts mushroom pickers who do not want to eat the same type from the store. In addition, in the forest they grow for free. Therefore, every season, thousands of people go in search of wild mushrooms. But even among the varieties of champignon there are inedible, dangerous to health, not to mention the pale grebe, which also has similarities with this mushroom. If a person goes specifically for champignons, he must know exactly their distinctive features.
A real mushroom will not turn yellow on the cut, its smell will be pleasant and recognizable. A yellowing cut is a sign of a poisonous variety. A sharp unpleasant odor is an indicator that the mushroom picker found a white fly agaric. It is also a poisonous mushroom.
When picking mushrooms, you should be careful and vigilant. If it seems to you that the found fruiting bodies are at least somewhat suspicious, you should refuse to collect them, or consult with knowledgeable people. It is not worth the risk, because false mushrooms pose a serious danger, it is advisable to avoid them.
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Mushrooms are like their prized edible counterparts. In some cases, this similarity is relatively superficial, in others it is strong.
Such mushrooms are called twin mushrooms. They can be confused not only by an inexperienced, but also by an experienced mushroom picker, which often leads to sad and even fatal mistakes. In this regard, we briefly characterize the most important twin mushrooms.
The most dangerous mushrooms
The most dangerous poisonous forest mushroom, found in large numbers in beech, oak and mixed forests, is, or green fly agaric. This is a beautiful mushroom with an olive, greenish-olive, darker hat towards the center without any remains of the bedspread. The plates and spore powder are white. The leg is white, with pale greenish stripes (moiré), with a wide hanging ring, at the base with a bag-shaped wide free white Volvo. The venom of the pale grebe is deadly poisonous.
According to the nature of the toxins formed and the symptoms of poisoning, two other deadly poisons are close to the pale grebe. fly agaric- fly agaric and fly agaric spring. Amanita stink has a white hat up to 7 cm in diameter, an unpleasant odor. It grows in coniferous forests, less often - deciduous. Amanita spring also has a white color, found in deciduous and mixed forests.
These three deadly poisonous fly agarics have many edible look-alikes:
Fly agaric - the most dangerous twin of champignon
Out of ignorance or negligence, deadly poisonous fly agarics are often confused with green or olive ones. Some champignons are similar in color to the cap and the presence of a ring on the stem, but are clearly distinguished by the absence of the Volvo and the color of the plates. The plates are pinkish only in young champignons, later they darken to brown or black-brown.
Mushrooms are very important to pluck with a leg to make sure that there is no valva. The similarity of poisonous fly agaric with green or olive russula is based on the similarity of the color of the cap and plates. The plates of russula, like those of fly agarics, are white. The main distinguishing feature of good edible russula - green, greenish and some others - is the absence of a ring and Volvo on the leg. Therefore, when collecting russula, it is necessary to pay attention to the details of the structure of the legs.
Dangerous counterpart of white fungus - gall fungus
In the people it is even called a false boletus. It grows in spruce and pine forests from July to September, at the same time when there is an intensive growth of white mushrooms. Outwardly, it is very similar to a white mushroom. But the thin pattern on its leg is dark in color (the porcini mushroom has a white pattern), in the form of a mesh and the lower surface of the cap is pink. And its flesh at the break quickly turns red.
An edible row is similar to a pale toadstool - greenfinch. However, the greenfinch on the leg has neither a ring nor a Volvo, and the color of the plates is yellowish-greenish. The most dangerous is the similarity of some forms and varieties of the polymorphic gray float fungus. The gray float, like poisonous fly agarics, has a volva at the base of the leg, but there is no ring. The color of the cap and the color of the plates are similar. Therefore, we draw the attention of mushroom pickers to the need to carefully examine the leg for the presence or absence of a ring when collecting floats.
Conditionally edible mushroom - fly agaric - can be confused with poisonous 
fly agaric, however, they clearly differ in the color of the pulp. In the poisonous panther fly agaric, it is white, does not change at the break, and in the edible fly agaric, the reddening pulp turns pink at the break. But it is better not to eat fly agaric, of course. None.
deadly poisonous cobweb- a little-known mushroom, has a resemblance to some edible cobwebs. Cobwebs are generally not popular among the population of the Carpathians, so the danger of collecting orange-red cobwebs instead of any of the edible cobwebs is small.
To familiarize a wide range of mushroom pickers with a deadly poisonous orange-red cobweb, we present its most important features.
Hat 3 - 9 cm in diameter, orange or brown-red, orange-orange, dry, matte. Leg 4 - 9 × 0.5 - 1.5 cm, rusty yellow, smooth, dry. The flesh is yellowish, with a slight rare smell. The plates are orange-ocher or orange-rusty. Spore powder brownish. Young fruiting bodies have a cobwebby private veil (cortina).
Honey mushrooms. Particular attention should be paid to the twins of valuable edible honey agarics(autumn real, summer mushrooms), poisonous falsehoney agarics- And . False mushrooms differ from edible ones in gray, brownish-greenish, light brownish color of the plates, the color of the spore powder and the light reddish-brown, sulfur-yellow color of the cap.
Dangerous poisonous talkers (species of the genus Clitocybe - C. dealbata, etc.) can be mistaken for edible species of this genus - for example, a funnel talker (C. qibba (Pers ~ Fr.) Kumm.) or a valuable edible mushroom (Clitopilus prunulus ( Scop.: Fr.) Kumm.).
It should be remembered that poisonous talkers are characterized by a white or whitish color of the entire fruiting body, and for edible ones - whitish-yellowish, yellowish-brown, gray, ash-gray.
"False" are called poisonous mushrooms, which outwardly are very similar to edible counterparts. Dangerous "twins" are sometimes difficult to distinguish even for experienced mushroom pickers.
Common champignon has many types, and most of them are eaten. It is very difficult to remember the features of each, so lovers of "silent hunting" are often guided by common signs. This can provoke poisoning: among the Agaric (Champignon) family there are species that are harmful to human health.
Industrial cultivation allows you to enjoy the taste of the product without harm to health, but the number of poisonings with false champignons, which are "disguised" as edible specimens, does not decrease. People are attracted by "silent hunting" and the opportunity to save on the purchase of mushrooms. In addition, each individual species has its own flavor: you will not find it in a standard product from store shelves.
Most often, such representatives of the Agaric family are taken for edible specimens:
- Agaricus xanthodermus.
- Agaricus meleagris.
- Agaricus californicus.
Typical examples of false champignons are shown in the photo.
A number of features will help distinguish such specimens from edible ones. On the hat of the poisonous double there is a brown spot, which is located in the center. If you press on it, light yellow spots will appear. But this method is not guaranteed, so it is best used in tandem with other features.
When broken, the pulp of false forest and field champignons begins to turn yellow and smells unpleasantly of carbolic acid, and during cooking, the water and the mushrooms themselves become bright yellow for a short time, but this color quickly disappears. Prolonged heat treatment will not be able to rid the product of toxins.
Take a look at the photo and study the description of the appearance of false forest champignons.
The color of the cap and its shape can change under the influence of the environment, so special attention is paid to the flesh, its smell, shade and changes during cooking.
Another mushroom that masquerades as edible is the pale grebe. Outwardly, it resembles a champignon, while it does not have a smell by which it could be recognized. There are volvas (root sacs) at the base of the toadstool, but people don't always notice them. If there is the slightest doubt about the suitability of the mushroom, it is worth breaking the pulp and seeing if it turns yellow, and then check the change in color of the water during cooking. This is one of the most accurate and proven ways to distinguish real edible champignons from false ones.
You can only confuse the “young” pale grebe: over time, bulges will appear on its hat, it will become smooth, and the fringe will sag. The toadstool appears from the first half of June, the peak of its growth falls on August. The height of the toadstool can reach 20-25 cm, and the diameter of the cap does not exceed 15 cm.
Inexperienced mushroom pickers may mistake one of the light mushrooms for good mushrooms. In this case, the unpleasant smell that the pulp has will save from poisoning.
If you do not know what poisonous false mushrooms look like, look at the photo: these are common mushrooms that are often mistaken for edible.
Real champignons: places of distribution and distinctive features
To understand how to distinguish edible champignon from false champignon, you need to know their distinctive features, the places where they are common and the time of their growth.
"Correct" mushrooms can be found in shady flower beds, along roadsides, in beds. Two-spored (Agaricus bisporus) and two-ringed (Agaricus bitorquis) champignons usually grow there. Garden varieties are characterized by light shades - from white to grayish and light cream. The cap of the two-ringed fungus opens even in the top layer of soil, so the leaves or humus covering it can affect the color.
Common (Agaricus campestris) and large-spore (Agaricus macrosporus) species of fungus can be found in the steppe, in fields and meadows. Poisonous representatives of the Agariaceae family are rarely found here.
A field species (Agaricus arvensis) grows in plantings near trees, which is harvested from mid-May to late September.
Compare the photo of the real and the image of the false champignon: the difference is not always visible.
Forest moisture and shade are excellent conditions for the development of species such as coppice, dark red, forest and August champignons. They appear in early July and grow until October. Their peculiarity is that after cutting, young mushrooms appear in the same place in 10-15 days.
But it is forest false mushrooms that are most often found in the forest - look at the photo how they look.
But poisonous specimens can be found even in places of growth uncharacteristic for this species, so you need to be extremely careful.
Food poisoning from false mushrooms
Even proven mushrooms can cause poisoning if they are collected in the wrong place. These are roadsides, areas near industrial facilities, landfills. Mushrooms, like a sponge, absorb toxic substances, including carcinogens.
After studying the description of the places of growth of the false forest champignon, view the photo of this specimen in natural conditions.
Here comes the summer. There are bright June days. On such a bright day, you will enter the refreshing shadow of the forest, and the sharp, slightly sweet, with unique nuances, the smell of mushrooms will literally envelop you. Where is he from? After all, there are still a few mushrooms in the June forest. The fertile smell comes from the mycelium penetrating the forest floor, rotting stumps, fallen tree trunks, boughs and the soil itself. It is warm and damp in the forest, thanks to the abundance of heat and moisture, the mycelium grows especially intensively, gaining strength. But for mushroom pickers, June is also a good time. There is something golden on an old birch stump: a lot of bright yellow mushrooms covered it like a hat. These are summer mushrooms. I found two or three such hemp - and the basket is full. Honey mushrooms are one of the first summer mushrooms. Yes, this is not surprising. The wood of stumps and fallen trunks warms up faster than the soil, and retains spring moisture for quite a long time - and mushrooms appear and grow on it. But take a closer look. Among the yellow-golden, as if water-saturated hats of the summer honey agaric, a hat flashed even brighter, but not golden, but with a reddish tinge, a cautiously poisonous false sulfur-yellow honey agaric.
Honey agaric summer
A connoisseur of Russian nature S. T. Aksakov wrote about such dangerous double mushrooms: “It is noteworthy that many species of edible and good mushrooms, as they are sometimes called, have, as it were, accompanying toadstool mushrooms, somewhat similar in formation and color.” Poisons of false mushrooms and cause very serious poisoning. Summer honey agaric sulfur-yellow false honey agaric often grow on the same stumps. The main difference is the plates. In summer, they are yellow-brown, and when the mushroom is completely ripe, they are brown.
False foam gray-yellow
In the sulfur-yellow false foam, they are first greenish, then yellow-green, the color of sulfur, and when the mushroom grows old, they are lilac-brown. The autumn honey agaric, whose reign is in September, and the winter honey agaric, which replaces it in October-November, also have twins. The yellowish-brown caps of these edible mushrooms often take on a reddish tint, and then they can easily be confused with the brick-red false mushroom that appears at the same time. You can distinguish mushrooms again by the plates.
Autumn honey agaric
In edible autumn and winter mushrooms, even in overripe ones, they are always light white, creamy, yellowish. In brick-red false foam, at first they are also light, whitish, but as the mushrooms ripen, they quickly become lilac-brown or even black-olive. Both edible mushrooms and false mushrooms usually grow in large groups, in each such group you can always find a mature mushroom with clearly colored plates.
False foam brown-red
Along the edges of gardens, on pastures, on the manured soil of gardens and parks, champignons appear in June - ordinary and field. In our middle lane, their poisonous counterparts have not yet grown - the pale grebe and some fly agarics. In June, champignons can be safely harvested. But from July and later, field champignon, which also grows on the edge of the forest, as well as forest champignon, can be easily confused with pale grebe - one of the most dangerous mushrooms. There is no antidote for the poison of the pale grebe.
The sinister glory of the pale grebe as a deadly poisonous mushroom has long been known.
Champignon ordinary
From the time of Ancient Rome, a legend has come down to us that the Roman emperor Claudius was poisoned with a pale toadstool. The emperor liked the delicate taste of the toadstool so much that he managed to issue a decree that only this mushroom should be served at his table. Claudius was probably the only person to report the taste of pale toadstool. Its poisons - phalloidin, phalloin and amanitin are especially insidious. They act slowly. The first signs of poisoning appear only after six to twelve hours, and sometimes even after a day, when the poisons have already penetrated into the blood and managed to act on all the most important organs: the hematopoietic, digestive, nervous system, and when it is no longer possible to help the victim. That is why it is so important to know well all the signs of this mushroom. Pale grebe belongs to the family of poisonous fly agaric. Fly agaric panther, grebe and smelly appear simultaneously with it. With its grayish-green and whitish-yellowish hat and stem ring, this poisonous family resembles edible champignons. But they are betrayed by the color of the plates. Their plates are always white or slightly creamy, while in champignons they are first whitish or dirty pink, and then dark brown or even black-brown from ripening dark-colored spores. In addition, the base of the leg of fly agaric and pale grebe is swollen, and on it is a collar of large scales or warts. Poisonous fly agaric - grebe-shaped and smelly - can also be confused with russula, which have a greenish or grayish hat, since russula and fly agaric have always white plates. You can confuse the fly agaric with edible greenfinch. Here, in order not to be mistaken, you need to carefully examine the leg of the mushroom. A fly agaric must have a ring on it, or at least traces of it and a thickening at the base. The legs of russula and greenfinch without a ring, slender, smooth. We have another good edible mushroom, a float, with which fly agarics are similar. It appears in July - August in glades in various forests. Like many fly agarics, the base of the stem of the float is thickened, but there is no ring on it. The color of the cap is very different: from white to yellow-brown or saffron.
There is one exception among this genus of fly agaric mushrooms, which is hostile to humans. In the southern regions of our country and in the Carpathians, the Caesar mushroom is occasionally found. There is a lot of it in the countries of Central and Western Europe. On the streets of Sofia on Sunday. on an August evening, you can see the townspeople returning from the forests. Mesh bags and transparent bags are full of mushrooms, just looking at them makes you shudder! Bright red-orange "fly agarics" stick out from there, with a thickened leg, only without white scales on the hat. This is the famous royal, or Caesar mushroom, which was served in ancient Rome only at the table of the emperor and the most noble patricians.
Death cap
In August, when there are quite a lot of porcini mushrooms, gall fungus, or false porcini, is often found. It is bitter, but is not considered poisonous in the literature. However, the gall fungus, caught in the roast of the whites, my cause serious poisoning. This double of white grows in pine forests in spruce forests, the advantage is on sandy soil, it is common. It is very similar to white in its shape and brown or brownish cap. But it is given out by the color of the tubules, dirty pink, as well as the flesh, turning pink at the break. The porcini mushroom is called so because both the pulp and the tubules are white. Only with age, the tubes turn slightly yellow or green. There is another difference - a mesh pattern on the leg. In the white fungus, it is white, and in the bile fungus, it is black-brown, clearly visible on a light stem. The gall mushroom usually accompanies the white mushroom throughout September. Recently, young raincoats have fallen in love with mushroom pickers. And not in vain! These mushrooms are surprisingly fragrant, although their flesh is less tender. Raincoats are edible as long as they are pure white both inside and out. With age, as they mature, their insides darken, turning into a powder of brown spores. Their twins - false raincoats - are easy to distinguish. Even when young, they are purple-black with white streaks inside and are quite tough. Pick mushrooms with care and only those you know well. It does not matter if there are fewer mushrooms in your basket. The trouble is, if even one poisonous one gets there.
Origin of mushrooms
Scientists suggest that mushrooms originated from primitive flagellar organisms that live in water - flagellates. This was even before the divergence of the main line of living organisms into plants and animals.
Mushrooms are the oldest inhabitants of the Earth. Geological evidence suggests that they are peers of primary fern plants and lungfish. Fungi already existed approximately 413 million years ago during the Devonian period of the Paleozoic era. They "very quickly" adapted to the environment and reached their full development in approximately 220-240 million years, in the Tertiary period of the Cenozoic era, when a variety of mammals, birds, insects, trees, shrubs, and grasses already lived on Earth.
Along with plants and animals, mushrooms are an independent kingdom of living organisms - this is the point of view of most scientists. The nature of metabolism, the presence of chitin in cell membranes brings fungi closer to animals, however, in terms of nutrition and reproduction, in unlimited growth, they are more akin to plants. To solve the question - what are mushrooms - one of the most interesting tasks of mycology - the science of mushrooms.
Cap mushrooms grow in 3-6 days, die in 10-14 days. But there are also long-livers among them. These are fungi that are part of lichens that live up to 600 years. Woody fruit bodies of tinder fungi live on trees for 10-20 years. As for the mycelium, in most mushrooms it is perennial, as they say, in particular, "witch's rings".
During the period of growth of the fruiting bodies of fungi, the pressure of the contents of the cells on their membrane (turgor pressure) sharply increases. It has been established that the pressure exerted by such elastic cells and tissues on neighboring cells, tissues or on surrounding objects can reach seven atmospheres, which corresponds to the pressure in the tires of a 10-ton dump truck and is more than three times higher than the pressure in the tires of a Zhiguli car . That is why it is often necessary to observe how mushrooms break through asphalt, cement and even concrete or the crust of desert takyrs, which is not inferior in hardness to them.
some mushrooms
Sheep - this is the name of two edible mushrooms from the genus of tinder fungus - branched umbrella. Mushrooms are very large, up to 4-6 kilograms. They consist of numerous hats (from several tens to two or three hundred, and sometimes thousands) sitting on one thick leg. The ram grows at the foot of the trunks of broad-leaved trees in August-September.
Blagushka - forest champignon. It got its name from the word “good”, that is, good, edible. Unlike its relatives - champignon, lovers of open spaces - meadows, pastures, steppes, the blessing grows in the forest and often in an unusual place - on anthills! It is assumed that our ants, like tropical ones, feed on its mycelium.
Veselka is a fungus from the group of puffballs or nutweeds, with a strong, unpleasant odor that attracts flies that carry its spores. They also call him "stinky morel" for a folded hat, like a morel's, the record holder for growth rate is five millimeters per minute. Young egg-shaped mushroom, white - edible. The mucous membrane of a young fungus is used in folk medicine for rheumatism ("ground oil"). Grows in deciduous forests in July - September.
Oyster mushroom is an edible agaric that grows on dead wood or weakened deciduous trees. Appears in May, hence - "spring mushroom", "oyster mushroom". In the Caucasus, this mushroom is called "chinariki", probably because it grows there on the trunks of broad-leaved trees, including the eastern plane tree, or plane tree. The mushroom is successfully grown under artificial conditions from a specially prepared mycelium. It can be grown on waste wood throughout the country.
Smooth, spurge - an edible mushroom with abundant milky juice, hence its second name. The reddish-yellow hat is very dense, fleshy, smooth, which is why they called the mushroom - smooth. In salting, it will not yield to camelina. It grows in broad-leaved and mixed forests in August - September.
Mushroom cabbage is an edible fungus from the horned family with a taste of morels and a hazelnut smell. Reminds me of a loose head of cabbage. Grows on soil in pine forests in August - September, is very rare.
White, chanterelles, mushrooms, champignons, russula ... Russian forests can boast of an abundance of a variety of mushrooms. The diversity of their species just leads to severe poisoning, reports of which appear in the media with the beginning of each mushroom season. Going on a "silent hunt", it will not be superfluous to remember how mushroom twins look like, how they differ from the representatives that are so desirable in our basket. After all, awareness is a reliable way to avoid the severe consequences of poisoning with the “wrong” gifts of the forest.
There are no mushrooms more toxic than pale toadstools - insidious twins of russula mushrooms and champignons. Many believe that its appearance should resemble something foul-smelling, fragile and slender. In fact, the appearance of this poisonous mushroom inspires confidence: a large, rather fleshy fruit with a “skirt” on a leg and a good smell. At a young age, the toadstool resembles an oblong egg. The color of the cap is white, yellowish-olive or light green. This one can be found from June to October in both coniferous and deciduous forests. The result of tasting pale grebe is usually fatal. Moreover, the symptoms of poisoning manifest themselves only after a day and quickly pass. On the 7th-10th day, a person dies of acute renal or hepatic failure.
The often dangerous look-alikes of mushrooms bear an incredible resemblance to their edible twins. So, the gall fungus, which is found in coniferous forests from mid-summer to September, is easy to confuse with white. Experienced mushroom pickers determine the gall fungus by its white tubular layer, pinkish flesh and bitterness. This mushroom is not poisonous. At the same time, it is inedible. If it accidentally ends up in a cooked dish, it will be impossible to correct the bitter taste of food.
The satanic one is less similar to the white mushroom than the gall mushroom, however, and it sometimes ends up on the dinner table. Dangerous and can be identified by the pulp. It has a yellowish color, turns blue or slightly reddens on the cut.
There are twin mushrooms known as common mushrooms. There are several types of false mushrooms growing in large groups on rotting wood. Two of these are considered the most dangerous: sulfur-yellow and brick-red false mushrooms. It is important to be able to distinguish poisonous from edible mushrooms, for which it is enough to carefully look at the characteristic color of the hat and the absence of scales on it. There is no “skirt” ring on the leg of the poisonous honey agaric. If a pleasant, typically mushroom smell emanates from a real honey agaric, then false ones smell unpleasant.
Twin mushrooms, very similar to chanterelles, are considered conditionally edible. They are also called chanterelles, only false ones. You can meet orange-red mushrooms with caps wrapped in a funnel on stumps and trunks of coniferous trees.
Mushroom pickers collect forest gifts in order to extract undeniable health benefits from them. But almost all have their antipodes, which, if not deadly poisonous, are unfit for human consumption. You can save yourself from many of the troubles that doubles of edible mushrooms cause if you bypass the dubious ones and send only those mushrooms in which you are 100 percent sure to the basket.