family psychology 

What is the meaning of Pierre Bezukhov's spiritual quest. The life path of Pierre Bezukhov's spiritual quest in the novel "War and Peace" by Leo Tolstoy. Pierre at war

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Pierre Bezukhov is the character that evokes a feeling of admiration and pity at the same time. The uncommon appearance of a young man is definitely repulsive - Pierre looks flabby and ugly, but in contrast to this he is handsome in soul, and this is the special tragedy of this character. Tolstoy repeatedly leads the reader to the idea that it is good to love a beautiful, attractive person, while it is difficult to love an outwardly unpleasant person.

Childhood and youth of Pierre Bezukhov

Pierre Bezukhov was the illegitimate heir of Count Kirill Bezukhov. Despite everything, Count Cyril gave his son a decent education and upbringing - for ten years Pierre has been living abroad with his tutor, where he is undergoing the process of his education.

At the age of 20, Pierre returns to Russia. At this point, Count Cyril was seriously ill and was on the verge of life and death. Despite the fact that the old count did not actually take a personal part in Pierre's upbringing and was a stranger and stranger to the young man, Pierre sincerely pities his father and worries about him.

Returning to Russia, Pierre was confused for some time - in view of his age, peculiarities of upbringing and sensitivity of nature, he draws for himself a life full of bright colors, disinterestedness and striving for the eternal and beautiful, but does not know where to start.

Dear readers! We bring to your attention the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" chapter by chapter.

Pierre often appears in company with Anatole Kuragin, and also maintains friendly relations with Andrei Bolkonsky. At first glance, it seems that Pierre, in view of his naivety, is trying to be good for everyone, but in fact this is not so - the young man communicates with people of different characters and moral values ​​in order to determine what suits him.

Count Kirill Bezukhov soon dies, leaving all his countless wealth to Pierre. Since then, the young man has become the most desired guest in all homes and a promising groom. Prince Vasily Kuragin helps Pierre settle down in a new world for him - he contributes to the enrollment of Pierre in the diplomatic corps and the assignment of the rank of chamber junker to Bezukhov.
Soon, Prince Vasily managed to win over Pierre to himself and even marry him to his daughter.

Marriage to Elena

Elena Kuragina was not a typical "Russian woman". There was no shyness, no meekness of character, no wisdom in her. However, Elena, of course, possessed one of the most powerful weapons - beauty, charm and affectation. Many young people dreamed of having this girl, so Pierre, who, because of his appearance, was not the favorite of the fair sex, was captivated by Elena and quickly proposed to the girl.

Elena arouses passion in Pierre, carnal desire, which Bezukhov is ashamed of - in his concept these are low feelings. Pierre is convinced that the family is something sublime, based on harmony.

No matter how strong Pierre's passion is, he still has the ability to assess the situation - Pierre understands that Elena is stupid, but just cannot refuse her. While the young man was wondering if he needed Elena, Prince Vasily successfully arranged the situation so that Pierre became Elena's unofficial fiance. It was difficult for the mild-mannered Bezukhov to go against public opinion, and he proposed to Elena, although he realized that this was not the woman who suits him.

Disappointment in family life was not long in coming - Elena did not hide her disgust and directly stated that she did not intend to have children from a person like Bezukhov.

Dear readers! We propose to follow in the novel by L. N. Tolstoy "War and Peace".

At this point, Pierre begins to realize that his concept of family and family life was a utopia. Bezukhov slowly sinks into the blues and becomes absolutely unhappy in family life.
Elena did not become discouraged by family life and, using her husband's money, took the path of a socialite. Soon, the elite of society began to gather in the house of the Bezukhovs. Pierre himself did not take part in his wife's events and successfully retired from her life. Elena takes lovers, and soon the whole city begins to talk about her love affairs. The only person who was in the dark was Pierre Bezukhov, he still considered his wife honest and pious.

The news of his wife's infidelity for Pierre became an unpleasant event. An angry Bezukhov shows character for the first time - in a quarrel with his wife, he does not behave as usual - a shy mumble - anger and anger break out. Pierre ceases to live with his wife, but does not cease to sponsor her, which could not but please Elena.

Over time, Pierre again draws closer to his wife, but still it is not possible to live a full-fledged family. Elena is also cheating on her husband. That it is true that Bezukhov receives something like moral compensation for such behavior of his wife - a promotion, which, however, he is ashamed of. As a result, young people completely exhaust themselves within the framework of a joint marriage - Elena accepts Catholicism in order to divorce her husband, but does not have time to fulfill her plan - the woman dies. Thus, the marriage of Pierre Bezukhov with the beautiful Elena Kuragina lasted 6 years.

Tolstoy does not detail the description of the recreated effect on Pierre with this piece of news. Elena's death occurs during Pierre's stay in captivity and, as a result, his acquaintance with Karataev. Based on the general situation, it can be assumed that he experienced considerable relief, since the death of Elena allowed him to regain freedom and inner balance.

freemasonry

Difficult relationships in marriage and a sense of disharmony of oneself as a person contribute to the desire to find oneself in this world, to feel needed and useful.

Pierre was far from religion - he did not believe in God, therefore, even in a difficult period of his life, he does not feel the need to seek solace in the bosom of religion. By chance, Bezukhov meets Joseph Alekseevich Bazdeev, who was a member of the Masonic lodge.

The ideas of this society soon captivate the young man - he sees this as an opportunity to find happiness. Freemasons gladly accept Pierre into their ranks. The reason for this cordiality lies in the state of Bezukhov - Pierre can make significant sums as a donation. Proceeding from this position, Pierre's disappointment in Freemasonry was not long in coming. In 1808, Pierre unexpectedly became the head of St. Petersburg Freemasonry.

The death of Bazdeev became unpleasant news in the life of Bezukhov - Pierre loses all interest in social activities and self-development. In the same period, Natasha Rostova and Andrei Bolkonsky are betrothed - Pierre, of course, has friendly feelings towards Prince Andrei, but cannot be happy for him - his sympathy for Natasha does not allow him to do this. As a result, Bezukhov begins to live like a real rake - he could often be seen in carousing and drinking with Anatole Kuragin.

Pierre at war

In 1812, life is preparing another unpleasant surprise for Bezukhov - the war with Napoleon. This event for Pierre becomes doubly unpleasant. On the one hand, the very process of military events is unpleasant for Pierre - by nature he is a peace-loving person. On the other hand, Bezukhov has always admired the image of Napoleon both as a political person and as a commander, but after Bonaparte has a desire to seize Russia, Pierre's admiration for this person disappears, and his place is taken by deep disappointment and even anger.

Pierre decides to serve the Motherland - he goes to the front. Due to his condition, Bezukhov provides materially for the regiment - Bezukhov cannot personally take part in hostilities, and in general, he is not a military man.

When, nevertheless, Pierre appears on the battlefields, everyone around notes that Bezukhov's concept of war is very spatial - his figure in white trousers and an excellent suit looks very comical against the backdrop of the whole massacre.



Pierre perceives everything with some kind of enthusiasm and solemnity. He notes that the faces of the officers from Kutuzov's entourage were imprinted with "warmth of feelings." Ordinary soldiers, on the other hand, do not perceive Bezukhov so cordially - anger and bewilderment are read on their faces. They do not understand what this gentleman in an exquisite hat is doing here. No matter how flattered Pierre is by the military smoke, he nevertheless notices such an attitude of the soldiers towards himself and he becomes embarrassed. Pierre loses this sense of unity with the military, which arose at the very beginning, he understands that he is superfluous here.

However, this trend did not last long - the soldiers noticed that Pierre was walking “under bullets as if on a boulevard”, not being afraid of either shells or death, and were imbued with sympathy for this eccentric stranger. Soon Pierre became a favorite at all. When the euphoria has passed, Pierre plunges into a spleen - of course, he had understood and realized before that the war does not happen without victims, but the sight of the dead soldiers, who just a minute ago laughed and joked, had an extremely depressing effect on him.

Under the general influence, Pierre decides to accomplish a feat - to kill Napoleon, who was so dearly beloved by him. However, Bezukhov's plan fails. Pierre is captured. Being in French captivity opened Pierre's eyes to many things. Thanks to Platon Karataev, Bezukhov begins to realize life values ​​and rethink them. Finally, Pierre embarks on a path that gives him hope for happiness and harmony.

Marriage to Natasha Rostova

The events of the war with Napoleon became significant in the lives of many people. So, Natasha Rostova nevertheless realized her affection for Prince Andrei, but she was not destined to find happiness with this man - Bolkonsky was seriously injured and soon died. During the period of moral exhaustion of Natalia, Pierre Bezukhov appears in her life, but not as a good friend and friend, but as a fiancé.


This time, Pierre was not mistaken in choosing his wife - the calm and meek Natalia became the embodiment of his youthful ideal of a wife. Natasha was not interested in social life, she was rarely in public and was reluctant to receive guests at her place.

In the marriage of Rostova and Bezukhov, three daughters and a son are born. Natalia devoted herself completely to family life.

Pierre and the secret society

The social activities of Pierre Bezukhov do not end with the beginning of family life. in the last chapters of the novel, Tolstoy repeatedly makes hints that Pierre belongs to some kind of secret organization. According to researchers, these hints mean activities in the organization of the Decembrists - Pierre's youthful desire to change the world for the better does not leave him.

Summarize: Pierre Bezukhov is to some extent the forerunner of a new era - humanism and humane changes in society. Despite all the difficulties, Pierre does not remain in the abyss of social life, his desire to help others, to make the world a better place turns out to be stronger than alcohol, balls and the beauty of women. Bezukhov's moral dissatisfaction spurs him on to find new ways to realize himself in society. The path of his quest is definitely not the easiest - many disappointments become a real test for a young man. At the end of the novel, Pierre receives a worthy reward - a happy family and the opportunity to help others.

One of the favorite heroes of L.N. Tolstoy is Pierre Bezukhov. His life is a difficult path, full of discoveries and disappointments. This path becomes all the more difficult when we learn that Pierre is an emotional person. He is smart, dreamy, exceptionally kind, distinguished by a philosophical mindset, but at the same time he is absent-minded, weak-willed and lacking initiative. The hero seeks solace for his restless soul, wants to come into agreement with himself, to come to harmony in life.

Our first meeting with Pierre takes place in Anna Pavlovna's salon. The author describes his character in detail. We see a massive, fat young man and pay attention to his intelligent and at the same time timid, natural and observant look, which distinguishes him from everyone present in the living room.

There is one constant portrait feature in Bezukhov's appearance: the author repeats that Pierre has a massive, thick figure.

Depending on the circumstances, details are added to it: either the figure becomes clumsy, or powerful, or absent-minded, then it expresses anger, then kindness, and sometimes even rage. Pierre's smile is also not the same as the others. As soon as it appears on the face, a serious, thoughtful face disappears somewhere, and instead a childish and kind one appears. The spiritual and sensual beginning, the inner, moral life of the hero come into conflict with the way of life of the hero.

Pierre is trying to find himself, spiritual quest leads him to the war of 1812. A non-military man, he participates in the battle of Borodino, which causes a huge patriotic upsurge in him. Bezukhov's thoughts and feelings are consonant with the landscape of the Borodino field.

Nature before the start of the battle is majestic. The sun is shining brightly, through the fog and smoke of shots one can see distant forests and copses, golden fields. This picture evokes elation in Pierre, a sense of the extraordinary and greatness of what is happening. Tolstoy conveys through his hero an understanding of the events that became decisive in national and historical life.

Bezukhov, shocked by the fearless behavior of the soldiers, behaves courageously himself, he is ready to sacrifice himself for the sake of the fatherland. But, looking at the hero from the outside, we cannot help but see the naivety of the hero: he decided to beat Napoleon.

Pierre also does truly noble deeds: he rushes to save a girl from a burning house, tries to protect civilians who are being plundered by French marauders. The attitude of the hero to ordinary people and to nature testifies to his unity with nature and the people. The author expressed his moral and aesthetic ideal in the image of Pierre.

A very important role was played for Pierre by a meeting with Platon Karataev, a former peasant, now, by the will of fate, a soldier. Platon Karataev personifies the masses in the novel. For Bezukhov, this meeting became an introduction to the people, knowledge of folk wisdom and brought him even closer to ordinary people.

Lessons #16-17

Spiritual quest of Pierre Bezukhov

Goals:

    educational:

    fostering a sense of respect for people with a rich inner world and an intolerant attitude towards people who are immoral, spiritually poor;

    education of a patriotic attitude to the history of their people;

    educational:

    generalization and systematization of knowledge obtained in the course of the study of the epic novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" in the image of Pierre Bezukhov;

    understanding the complexity and inconsistency of the behavior and searches of the heroes of the novel;

    disclosure of the psychological process of the formation of the human personality and its improvement;

    developing:

    improving the skills of working with text, the ability to analyze what has been read;

    providing an opportunity to reveal the creative potential of students;

Lesson type: a lesson in the complex application of knowledge.

Type of lesson: practical lesson.

Methodical methods: conversation on questions, retelling of the text, expressive reading of the text, viewing episodes from a feature film, students' messages.

Predicted result:

    knowartistic text;

    be able toto find independently material on the topic and systematize it.

Equipment Key words: notebooks, literary text, computer, multimedia, presentation, feature film.

During the classes

    organizational stage.

II. Motivation of educational activity. Goal setting.

    Teacher's word.

Once, in a conversation with Gorky, Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy dropped a wonderful phrase: “People are like rivers ...” Say it to yourself. Short and wise!

With this comparison, Tolstoy emphasizes the versatility and complexity of the human personality, the combination of various contradictory features in it, the variability and continuous movement, development, “fluidity” of the inner life of people. People are like rivers...

While reading the novel, you, of course, noticed that L.N. Tolstoy far from all the heroes shows the process of their inner life.

    How can you explain this and name these people?

Neither the entire Kuragin family, nor the mother and son Drubetsky, nor Dolokhov, nor Julie Karagina, nor Berg, nor any of the characters morally alien to the author, change significantly throughout the novel. We observe only their successes in the service, in the field of career and material well-being. People who are immoral and spiritually poor are deprived of the ability to improve, and, consequently, their inner life, as a rule, does not attract the attention of the writer.

    And what does Tolstoy value in a person, in what does he see true beauty and happiness? What is his moral ideal?

“Simplicity, kindness and truth”, “Mergence of the personal with the general, with the life of the people”, “Moral perfection is the only way to justice, truth”.

    What heroes of the novel that meet the moral ideal of Tolstoy can youname?

    Discussion of the topic and objectives of the lesson.

III . Improving knowledge, skills and abilities.

    Teacher's word.

The writer gives the love of his heart not only to ordinary people, but also to the best representatives of the nobility, who were separated from the serfs by a whole social abyss. But they consciously or spontaneously reached out to the people, felt in it the main moral support and vitality. Especially dear to the writer are Pierre and Prince Andrei, who go along difficult roads in search of "simplicity, goodness and truth."In the previous lesson, we followed with empathy the fate of Andrei Bolkonsky. A. Bolkonsky experienced four take-offs in his life in search of truth and the meaning of life. The truth was suddenly revealed to Andrei: one must “sacrifice oneself for the sake of love,” and not dream about it; not a thirst for glory or revenge should lead a person to war, but the thought of the Fatherland.

His friend and soul mate Pierre Bezukhov was always looking for an answer to the question: what is the meaning of human life? What is its purpose on earth? How do you need to live in order to "be quite good?" Before our eyes, Pierre will do a tremendous spiritual work, go through temptations, suffering, deprivation, until he finds his guiding star.

Let's dive into the complex world of Pierre's emotional experiences, take a journey along the life path of the hero.

    Analysis of the image of Pierre Bezukhov.

    Do you remember Pierre's first appearance in the novel? Where did it happen? Draw an oral portrait of our hero.

At the beginning of the novel, we see "a fat young man with a cropped head, glasses, light trousers, a high frill and a brown tailcoat", "with an intelligent, timid and observant look." Pierre Bezukhov is emotional, soft, supple, easily influenced by others, he stands out among other visitors to the secular salon with his naturalness, sincerity, and simplicity.

    How was Pierre met in secular society, in the salon of Anna Scherer?

Anna Pavlovna greeted him with "a bow, referring to people of the lowest hierarchy in her salon." The beautiful Helen does not notice him, although she lives in the same house with him (Pierre settled in St. Petersburg with Prince Vasily, a relative of his father). And Prince Vasily speaks of him carelessly: "Educate me this bear." Andrey alone does not care whether Count Bezukhov is in front of him or someone else. He loves Pierre for who he is. When the non-secular Pierre Bezukhov appeared in the living room of the secular lady Anna Pavlovna Scherer, the gloomy, displeased face of Prince Andrei suddenly shone with an "unexpectedly kind and pleasant smile." The sparkle of his joyful and friendly eyes encouraged and inspired Pierre.

    What is the basis of the friendship between Pierre and Andrei Bolkonsky?

Friendship of heroes is built on common interests. The relationship between Prince Andrei and Pierre is a model of demanding friendship,unchanging through all trials. It was them that Tolstoy had in mind when he said in his novel: “I would like you to love these children of mine. There are nice people there. I love them very much"

    How does Pierre feel about the war?

“Now the war against Napoleon. If this was a war for freedom, I would understand, I would be the first to enter the military service, but helping England and Austria against the greatest man in the world ... this is not good.

    Why did Pierre marry Helen?

On the one hand, this marriage was arranged by Prince Vasily, because. Pierre was a very rich fiancé. But this marriage was natural for Pierre, because not only he had to be deceived, but he himself had to be deceived. This was an act of Pierre himself.

    Tell us about the duel between Pierre and Dolokhov.

It was the first time he shot a man. He is sad, sad. And he suffers not only because he wounded Dolokhov, but also because life is generally absurd if, not wanting to kill, you can suddenly kill.

Pierre cannot see someone else's suffering, someone else's misfortune, even if they are experienced by a person whom he does not love, who is guilty before him. After the duel, Pierre experiences a spiritual crisis. "What's wrong? What well? What should you love, what should you hate? What is life for and what am I? What is life? What is death? What power governs everything? he asks himself.

    What brought Pierre to Freemasonry?

Pierre was attracted by the formulation of the goals of this society: by purifying and correcting the heart and mind of individual members of society, thereby correcting the human race. Pierre perceived in Freemasonry not religion, but its moral side. Such a decision gave him for a while the illusion of a way out of the impasse caused by a sense of the aimlessness of existence. It opened the way for him to work for which he yearned.

    Why did Pierre become disillusioned with Freemasonry?

He is convinced that the majority achieve their personal goals in Freemasonry: uniforms, crosses, connections in society. He suspected that Russian Freemasonry had gone the wrong way, and went abroad. And when he returned and offered his program to the brothers, he realized that it would not be accepted.

    Teacher's word.

Tolstoy brought his hero to Freemasonry not by chance. The advanced people of this era were looking for more perfect norms of social life in Freemasonry, they tried to create organized prerequisites for the social restructuring of society on a reasonable basis. But Freemasonry did not live up to the hopes placed in it by the advanced nobility.Another step, taken by Pierre almost simultaneously with the entry into the Masonic order, is an attempt to "completely free" the peasants of his estates from serfdom. However, this attempt not only failed, but also revealed Pierre's complete failure in practical matters.

    Teacher's word.

1812 pawakens in the hero the desire to participate in life, to be useful to society and the country. The hero develops a sense of kinship with everyone who carries within himself the "hidden warmth of patriotism." He feels happiness from unity with people in common trouble, from waiting for the time of exile of the enemy. Pierre decides for himself at this moment that the most important thing now is “to be a soldier, just a soldier! Enter into the common life with the whole being.

    Message "Pierre on the Borodino field".

    Viewing an episode from the film "War and Peace" directed by S. Bondarchuk. Battle of Borodino.

He understood here that history is created by the most powerful force in the world - the people. Bezukhov approvingly perceives the wise words of the unknown soldier: "They want to pile on all the people, one word - Moscow." Pierre now not only observes what is happening, but reflects, analyzes. Under the influence of people from the people, he decides to participate in the defense of Moscow.

    Why did Pierre stay in Moscow?

“He had to, hiding his name, stay in Moscow, meet Napoleon and kill him in order to either die or end the misfortune of all of Europe, which, according to Pierre, came from Napoleon alone.” This bold, albeit slightly ridiculous decision to become the murderer of Napoleon comes to Pierre under the influence of those new feelings that he experienced on the Borodino field.

This is no longer the former Pierre, capable of rash acts. And what did he become? Most importantly, he left his former life filled with unnecessary things and people; went to inner freedom, to a new natural life, which, as it seemed to him, could begin now, when everything around was broken and shifted from its place.

A new stage in Pierre's search was his stay in French captivity, where he ends up after a fight with French soldiers.

    Questions session.

    What did Pierre see Moscow when he was taken for interrogation to Davout?

“... All of Moscow, all that Pierre could see was one conflagration. On all sides one could see wastelands, with stoves and chimneys, and occasionally the burnt walls of stone houses ... The Russian nest was ruined and destroyed; but behind the destruction of this Russian order of life, Pierre unconsciously felt a different, but firm French order.

    How did Pierre behave during interrogation by Davout?

Davout had an effect on Pierre in the way that more strong-willed people than he always acted on him (Mason Bazdeev, Prince Andrei). Pierre said everything he didn't want to say. But thanks to this, he immediately ceased to be a criminal in the eyes of Davout. Pierre's childlike spontaneity even affected the marshal known for his cruelty. “In this view, in addition to all the conditions of war and judgment, a human relationship was established between these two people. Both of them at that moment vaguely felt countless things and realized that they were both children of humanity, that they were brothers. People are brothers. But they are cogs in the mechanism of statehood. In this mechanism, each person, like a wheel or a cog, performs his own, often senseless and cruel function. Pierre realized that people are the tools of some kind of system.

    Reading of the episode "Execution of Russian prisoners".

    Why did the French try to put an end to the execution as soon as possible?

"They were in a hurry to finish a necessary, but unpleasant and incomprehensible business."

    How did those sentenced to death behave, how did they feel?

“One kept crossing himself, the other scratched his back and made a movement like a smile with his lips”; “…The fifth seemed calm. He wrapped his caftan and scratched with one bare foot the other ”; they "looked around them as a beaten beast looks at a suitable hunter." The fraternal bond between people is broken. Some people have turned into "beaten animals", while others have turned into hunters.

    How do these "hunters" feel?

Pierre "on all the faces ... of French soldiers, officers, all without exception ... read the same fear, horror and struggle that were in his heart"; “One old, mustachioed Frenchman's lower jaw was shaking...” Both those who executed and those who were executed alike, and “all without exception,” felt that a crime was being committed. “From the moment Pierre saw this murder committed by people who did not want to do this, it was as if in his soul that spring was suddenly pulled out on which everything was held and seemed to be alive, and everything fell into a heap of senseless rubbish.” The whole scene of the execution is even more terrible than the scenes of the Battle of Borodino: “Pierre looked into the pit and saw that the factory worker was lying there with his knees up, close to his head, one shoulder higher than the other. And this shoulder convulsively, evenly fell and rose. But already shovels of earth were falling on the whole body.

    Who does Pierre meet in captivity?

With Platon Karataev.

    Why is the meeting with Platon Karataev important for Pierre?

Under the influence of Karataev, Pierre's spiritual revival takes place. Like this simple peasant, Pierre begins to love life in all its manifestations, despite all the vicissitudes of fate. He comprehends the truth: happiness lies in the person himself, one must love life. Man is created for happiness. The meaning and purpose of each person is to be a part and reflection of the whole world. Close rapprochement with the people after his release from captivity leads Pierre to Decembristism.

“Peace of mind, confidence in the meaning of life, Pierre gains, having survived the heroic time of the 12th year and the suffering of captivity next to ordinary people,Platon Karataev.

Natasha will say about Pierre: "He became somehow clean, smooth, fresh: just from the bath, you understand? - morally from the bath."

    What new was born in Pierre's soul after captivity?

Faith in God. "Pierre experienced during the entire time of his recovery in Orel a feeling of joy, freedom, life ... he spent a lot of time."

    Pierre and Natasha .

Tolstoy's hero goes through a new moral test. They became a real, great love for Natasha Rostova. So, Pierre and Natasha Rostova.

    Watching the episode "The meeting of Natasha and Pierre after captivity."

Pierre Bezukhov found his happiness - next to him is a beloved and loving woman, he found his place in life. But the main thing is still ahead. Because Bezukhov, like many other heroes of the novel, considers his main purpose to be serving people.

Happiness with an even and calm light illuminates his whole life. The main conviction that Pierre took out of his long life searches and which is close to Tolstoy himself is: "As long as there is life, there is happiness."

    What is the further fate of our hero in the epilogue?

Happy husband and father. A person who, in a dispute with Nikolai Rostov, expresses convictions that allow him to be seen as a future Decembrist.

    Output.

Pierre was always looking for a solution to the question of the meaning of life: “He was looking for this in Freemasonry, in secular life, in wine, in the heroic deed of self-sacrifice, in romantic love for Natasha. As a result of communication with Platon Karataev, Pierre finds “that calmness and contentment with himself, to which he vainly aspired before”, he “learned not with his mind, but with his whole being that a person was created for happiness, that happiness is in himself. Thus, it is Pierre Bezukhov who, in War and Peace, achieves spiritual harmony with the world around him and with himself.

IV . Information about homework.

1. Reading the text.

- "Family Thought" in the novel.

2. Message. The Rostovs are parents.

3. Individual task. Retelling of the episode "Natasha's Name Day".

4. Message. Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky.

5. Message. The Kuragin family.

V . Summarizing.

VI . Reflection.

The young hero lived and studied abroad, returning to his homeland by the age of twenty. The boy suffered from the fact that he was an illegitimate child of noble birth.

The life path of Pierre Bezukhov in the novel "War and Peace" is a search for the meaning of human existence, the formation of a consciously mature member of society.

Petersburg Adventures

The first appearance of the young count took place on the soiree of Anna Scherrer, with a description of which the epic work of Leo Tolstoy begins. The angular guy, resembling a bear, was not dexterous in court etiquette, he allowed himself behavior that was somewhat impolite towards the nobles.

After ten years of strict upbringing, deprived of parental love, the guy finds himself in the company of the unlucky Prince Kuragin. A wild life begins without the restrictions of tutors, prejudices and control.

Alcohol flows like water, children of wealthy representatives of the nobility are walking in a noisy company. Rarely there are cases of lack of money, few dare to complain about the hussars.

Pierre is young, the awareness of his own personality has not yet come, there is no craving for any occupation. The revelry eats up time, the days seem eventful and cheerful. But once the company, in a drunken stupor, tied a sentry to the back of a trained bear. The beast was released into the Neva and laughed, looking at the yelling law enforcement officer.

The patience of society came to an end, the instigators of hooliganism were demoted in rank, and the stumbled young man was sent to his father.

Legacy fight

Arriving in Moscow, Pierre learns that Kirill Bezukhov is ill. The old nobleman had many children, all illegitimate and without inheritance. Anticipating a fierce struggle for the wealth left by him after his death, his father asks Emperor Alexander I to recognize Pierre as his legitimate son and heir.

Intrigues related to the redistribution of capital and real estate begin. The influential prince Vasily Kuragin enters the struggle for the Bezukhovs' inheritance, planning to marry the young count to his daughter.

After losing his father, the young man falls into depression. Loneliness makes him withdraw, he is not happy with wealth and the title of count, which fell unexpectedly. Demonstrating concern for the inexperienced heir, Prince Kuragin arranges for him a prestigious place in the diplomatic corps.

Love and marriage

Helen was beautiful, seductive, able to make eyes. The girl knew what men liked and how to attract attention. It was not difficult to catch a sluggish young man in his nets.

Pierre was inspired, the nymph seemed to him so fantastic, inaccessible, secretly desired. He wanted to possess her so much that he had no strength to voice his feelings. Having developed passion and confusion in the soul of the gentleman, Prince Kuragin with an effort organized and announced the engagement of Bezukhov with his daughter.

Their marriage was a disappointment for the man. In vain he looked for signs of female wisdom in his chosen one. They had absolutely nothing to talk about. The wife did not know anything of what the husband was interested in. On the contrary, everything that Helen wanted or dreamed about was petty, not worthy of attention.

Severance of relations and return to St. Petersburg

The connection between Countess Bezukhova and Dolokhov became known to everyone, the lovers did not hide it, they spent a lot of time together. The Count challenges Dolokhov to a duel, offended by the painful situation. Having wounded an opponent, the man remained completely unharmed.

Realizing, finally, that he connected his life not with a chaste modest woman, but with a woman, cynical and depraved, the count goes to the capital. Hatred tormented his heart, desolation filled his soul with pain. The collapse of hopes for a quiet family life plunged Pierre into despondency, existence lost all meaning.

An unsuccessful marriage brought misfortune to the count, he turned away from his religious views, becoming a member of the Masonic society. He really wanted to be needed by someone, to turn his life into a stream of virtuous deeds, to become an impeccable member of society.

Bezukhov begins to improve the life of the peasants, but he does not succeed, it is more difficult to restore the desired order in the estates than he thought. With the estate, the count becomes the head of the St. Petersburg Masonic Society.

Before the war

The reunion with Helen took place in 1809 under pressure from her father-in-law. The wife loved social life, circled the heads of men at balls. Pierre was accustomed to consider her his punishment from the Lord and patiently carried his burden.

A couple of times, through the efforts of his wife's lovers, he was promoted in the public service. This made me feel completely disgusted and embarrassed. The hero suffers, rethinks life and changes internally.

Pierre's only joy was friendship with Natasha Rostova, but after her engagement to Prince Bolkonsky, friendly visits had to be abandoned. Fate made a new zigzag.

Once again disappointed in his human purpose, Bezukhov leads a hectic life. The shocks suffered radically change the appearance of the hero. He returns to Moscow, where he finds noisy companies, champagne and nightly fun to drown out his heartache.

War changes mindset

Bezukhov goes to the front as a volunteer when the French army approaches Moscow. The battle of Borodino became a significant date in the life of Pierre. A sea of ​​blood, a field strewn with the bodies of soldiers, the patriot Bezukhov will never forget.

Four weeks of captivity became a turning point for the hero. Everything that had previously seemed important seemed insignificant in the face of enemy aggression. Now the count knew how to build his life.

Family and Children

After being released from captivity, it became known about the death of Helen. Remaining a widower, Bezukhov renewed his friendship with Natasha, who in grief experienced the death of Andrei Bolkonsky. It was another Pierre, the war cleansed his soul.

In 1813, he married Natasha Rostova in the hope of finding his own happiness. Three daughters and a son made up the meaning of the life of a hero who could not calm down his craving for the common good and virtue.

Leo Tolstoy loves his hero, who in some ways resembles the author. For example, his aversion to war, true humanism and a benevolent attitude towards the whole world.

Literature

Grade 10

Lesson #46

The search and acquisition of Pierre Bezukhov

List of issues covered in the topic:

  1. The image of Pierre Bezukhov in the epic novel "War and Peace";
  2. The concept of "dialectics of the soul" as the most important means of revealing the image;

Glossary:

Internal monologue- a direct, complete and deep reproduction of the thoughts and partly the experiences of a literary character.

The dialectic of the soul- a detailed reproduction in a work of art of the process of origin and subsequent formation of thoughts, feelings, moods, sensations of a person, their interaction, the development of one from the other, showing the mental process itself, its patterns and forms.

Portrait- describing or creating an impression of the appearance of the character.

Episode- a small and relatively independent part of a literary and artistic work, fixing one complete moment of the action taking place between two or more characters in one place and for a limited time period.

Bibliography:

Main literature on the topic

1. Lebedev Yu. V. Russian language and literature. Literature. Grade 10. Textbook for educational organizations. A basic level of. At 2 h. Part 1. M .: Education, 2016. - 367 p.

Additional literature on the topic

  1. Ermilov VV Tolstoy-artist and novel "War and Peace". M.: State. Publishing House of Artists. literature, 1961. - 357 p.
  2. Krichevskaya L. I. Plot details. Portrait of a Hero: A Handbook for Language Teachers and Students of the Humanities. M.: Aspect Press, 1994. - 186 p.

Theoretical material for self-study:

Tolstoy's favorite heroes - Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov - go through a difficult path of spiritual quest. As advanced people of their time, they are weary of the empty secular life, they want to be useful in their work.

For the first time on the pages of the novel, Pierre appears as a twenty-year-old young man who has just arrived from abroad. He is awkward and absent-minded, "does not know how to enter the salon" and even less knows how to "get out of it." The hostess of the salon, Anna Pavlovna Sherer, is anxious about the "smart and at the same time timid, observant and natural look that distinguished him from everyone in ... the living room." Pierre says what he thinks, sharply defends his point of view about the genius of Napoleon.

The illegitimate son of Count Bezukhov makes many mistakes in his youth: he leads a reckless life of a secular reveler in the company of Dolokhov and Anatol Kuragin, and later, becoming the heir to a huge fortune, allows Vasily Kuragin to marry himself to Helen.

The betrayal of his wife becomes the reason for the duel between Bezukhov and Dolokhov. The case leaves Pierre, unable to shoot, unharmed, Dolokhov is wounded. Pierre is tormented by the realization that one mistake (marrying without love) entails another. The thought that he almost killed a man plunges Pierre into the deepest crisis.

"What's wrong? What well? What should you love, what should you hate? Why live, and what am I? - Pierre asks himself and cannot find an answer to these questions, “as if in his head that main screw was twisted, on which his whole life rested” (an internal monologue as one of the methods of psychological analysis of the image and a manifestation of Tolstoy’s “dialectics of the soul”). The hero finds salvation for himself in Freemasonry, which he perceived as a doctrine of equality, brotherhood and love. Freemasons preached love for one's neighbor, moral self-improvement and through it - the correction of the entire human society. It was this moral side that Pierre took in Freemasonry. This gave him the illusion of a way out of the impasse, opened the way for the activity for which he yearned.

Pierre decided to set free his peasants, and until then alleviate their situation and educate them. But the manager managed to deceive the naive Pierre, convincing him that all these plans had already been implemented, and the peasants were already happy, without being freed from serfdom. Inspired by Masonic ideas, Pierre, visiting his friend Bolkonsky, asserts: “And most importantly, this is what I know, and I know for sure, that the pleasure of doing good is the only true happiness in life.”

Soon the hero becomes disillusioned with the "brotherhood of freemasons". With the death of his spiritual mentor Bazdeev, Pierre plunges into a new crisis: he loses faith in the very possibility of socially useful activity and turns into "a retired good-natured chamberlain living his life in Moscow, of which there were hundreds."

This is facilitated by the engagement of Bolkonsky and Natasha Rostova. Not realizing himself, Pierre was drawn to her, loving her spontaneity, sincerity, inner beauty.

After the gap between Rostova and Bolkonsky, Pierre, consoling Natasha, unexpectedly pronounces the words: “If I were not me, but the most beautiful, smartest and best person in
world and would be free, I would this minute on my knees ask for your hand and your love. The comet of 1812, which Pierre sees with his eyes wet with tears, “was fully consistent with what was in his blossomed to a new life, softened and encouraged soul.”

The war of 1812 aroused patriotic feelings in Pierre: he equipped a thousand militiamen with his own money, and he himself decided to stay in Moscow in order to kill Napoleon and "stop the misfortunes of all Europe."

Before the battle of Borodino and during it, Pierre, along with his people. At the Rayevsky battery, he understood "that hidden warmth of patriotism" that united all Russian people. He admires the courage of the soldiers, ashamed of his awkwardness, his fear. Dressed "not in a military way", in a green tailcoat and a white hat, he evokes the smiles of the soldiers, who "now mentally accepted Pierre into their family" and gave the nickname "our master."

“Oh, how terrible is fear, and how shamefully I gave myself up to it!” - Pierre thinks, recalling the terrible impressions "in which he lived that day." He wants to be like those fearless soldiers, “to enter this common life with his whole being, to feel what makes them so.”

Returning to Moscow, he does not kill Napoleon, as he planned, but saves a child from a fire, protects a woman from French marauders. He performs a feat without even realizing it, and then is captured, feeling like "an insignificant chip that fell into the wheels of an unknown car."

In captivity, Pierre experienced another shock - the execution of innocent people by the French. “From the moment Pierre saw this murder committed by people who did not want to do this, it was as if the spring in his soul broke suddenly, on which everything was held and seemed to be alive, and everything fell into a heap of senseless rubbish.”

A simple Russian soldier, Platon Karataev, had a healing effect on Pierre's wounded soul. In communion with him, Pierre "finds peace and contentment with himself, to which he vainly sought before." Karataev’s loving attitude to the world, complete merging with life, feeling “like a particle of the whole” helps Pierre come to a deeper understanding of the meaning of life: “In captivity ... Pierre learned not with his mind, but with his whole being, with his life, that a person was created for happiness, that happiness is in himself.

The need for thought, analysis returned to Pierre again. He is busy with political struggle, criticizes the government and is obsessed with the idea of ​​organizing a secret society. At the end of the novel, the hero comes to a simple and profound thought: "If vicious people are interconnected and constitute a force, then honest people need only do the same."

Summary:

Pierre Bezukhov is one of the main characters in War and Peace. With his dissatisfaction with the surrounding reality, the search for the meaning of life, he resembles the “extra person” traditional for Russian literature. But Tolstoy goes beyond tradition: his heroes live in a great era, which "transforms disappointed heroes" (Yermilov V.V.). Just like Bolkonsky, Pierre goes a long way, doubting and making mistakes. Among his delusions are the deification of Napoleon, Freemasonry, an unhappy marriage without love. But, unlike Bolkonsky, the author leads this hero to unity with the people, awareness of himself as part of the world. The happiness that Tolstoy "rewards" his beloved hero in the epilogue did not calm the spirit of quest in him.

Examples and analysis of the solution of tasks of the training module:

  1. Single / multiple choice.

What battle did Pierre personally visit and even volunteered to bring shells to the artillerymen.

  • Austerlitz
  • Borodino
  • Shengrabenskoye

Correct answer:

  1. Restoring the sequence of elements.

Arrange the numbers in the order corresponding to the sequence of stages in the life of Pierre Bezukhov:

  1. Marriage to Helen and duel with Dolokhov.
  2. Father's death.
  3. Acquaintance with Platon Karataev.
  4. Participation in the activities of secret societies of the Decembrists.
  5. Battle of Borodino, Raevsky's battery.
  6. Fascination with Freemasonry.
  7. Argument with Andrei on the ferry to Bogucharovo.
  8. Stay in Moscow captured by the French, captivity.
  9. Meeting with Andrei on the night before the Battle of Borodino.
  10. Marriage to Natasha.

Correct option:

2, 1, 6, 7, 9, 5, 8, 3, 10, 4.

“Before, he seemed, although a kind person, but unhappy; and therefore involuntarily people moved away from him. Now a smile of the joy of life constantly played around his mouth, and in his eyes shone participation in people ... And people were pleased in his presence. This is how Pierre changes after captivity. And the writer gives his hero the highest award - mutual love and family. In the epilogue, Pierre and Natasha have four children, love and mutual understanding reign in the family.