Vem lexical meaning. The meaning of the word is spelling, lexical direct and figurative meanings and interpretations (concept) of the word from the Dahl Dictionary Dictionary. Lexical meanings by the nature of the connection
The meaning of the word spelling, lexical direct and figurative meanings and interpretations (concept) of the word from the dictionary Dahl's Dictionary
The dictionary is a reliable assistant in any situation. Each person is very often faced with a situation where he does not understand the meaning of a word or expression. As a rule, this happens in specific industries that are little known to the general circle of people. We give you the opportunity to get acquainted with more than twenty Russian dictionaries, including such well-known ones as Dahl's explanatory dictionary, Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary and others.
Our world is multifaceted, has a lot of different directions and opinions, a lot of specific and professional terms. In order for people to understand each other, to communicate, share information and not experience any difficulties, for all this we publish Russian explanatory dictionaries on our website. Each Russian dictionary has its own unique history, carries the echoes of its creator, his work and efforts. Each Russian explanatory dictionary is the result of incredibly painstaking work and research. Dictionaries, in the truest sense of the word, have been collected bit by bit for many years. Each dictionary required from its creator a lot of energy, travel around the country, a lot of communication with representatives of different peoples and professions. For example, Dahl's explanatory dictionary required 20 years of effort from its creator, Vladimir Dahl, a talented Russian lexicographer. Vladimir Dal traveled all over Russia, from the Siberian frosts to Kamchatka, so that his explanatory dictionary would today have a reputation as one of the highest quality and most used dictionaries of our time.
| Popular words: Dahl Dictionary | |
|---|---|
| beziernoe | Overshek |
| expel | Track |
| yawn | overprice |
| Vymo | |
The lexical meaning of a word is the correlation of the sound complex of a linguistic unit with one or another phenomenon of reality fixed in the minds of speakers.
Most words name objects, their attributes, quantity, actions, processes and act as full-fledged, independent words, performing a nominative function in the language (lat. nominatio - naming, denomination). Possessing common grammatical and syntactic meanings and functions, these words are combined into the categories of nouns, adjectives, numerals, verbs, adverbs, words of the state category. Their lexical meaning is complemented by grammatical ones. For example, the word newspaper denotes a certain subject; the lexical meaning indicates that it is "a periodical in the form of large sheets, usually daily, dedicated to the events of current political and social life." The noun newspaper has the grammatical meanings of gender (feminine), number (this subject is thought of as one, not many) and case. The word read calls the action - "perceive what is written, saying aloud or reproducing to oneself" and characterizes it as real, happening at the moment of speech, performed by the speaker (and not by other persons).
Of the significant parts of speech, pronouns and modal words are deprived of the nominative function. The first ones only point to objects or their signs: I, you, like that, so much; they receive a specific meaning in speech, but cannot serve as a generalized name for a number of similar objects, features, or quantities. The latter express the speaker's attitude to the thought being expressed: Probably, the mail has already arrived.
Service parts of speech (prepositions, conjunctions, particles) also do not perform a nominative function, that is, they do not name objects, signs, actions, but are used as formal grammatical language means.
The lexical meanings of the word, their types, development and changes are studied by lexical semantics (semasiology) (gr. sЇemasia - designation + logos - teaching). The grammatical meanings of the word are considered in the grammar of the modern Russian language.
All objects and phenomena of reality have their own names in the language. Words point to real objects, to our attitude towards them, which arose in the process of knowing the world around us. This connection of the word with the phenomena of reality (denotations) is non-linguistic in nature, and yet it is the most important factor in determining the nature of the word as a sign unit.
Words name not only specific objects that can be seen, heard or touched at the moment, but also concepts about these objects that arise in our minds.
The concept is a reflection in the minds of people of the general and essential features of the phenomena of reality, ideas about their properties. Such features can be the shape of an object, its function, color, size, similarity or difference with another object, etc. The concept is the result of a generalization of a mass of individual phenomena, during which a person is distracted from non-essential features, focusing on the main ones. Without such abstraction, i.e., without abstract representations, human thinking is impossible.
Concepts are formed and fixed in our minds with the help of words. The connection of words with the concept (significative factor) makes the word an instrument of human thinking. Without the ability of the word to name the concept, there would be no language itself. The designation of concepts in words allows us to get by with a relatively small number of linguistic signs. So, in order to single out one person from a multitude and name any one, we use the word man. To denote all the richness and variety of colors of wildlife, there are the words red, yellow, blue, green, etc. The movement of various objects in space is expressed by the word goes (man, train, bus, icebreaker, and even ice, rain, snow, etc.). ).
Explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language most capaciously reflect the systemic connections of words. They are lists of words of varying degrees of completeness and accuracy that make up the lexical system in all the diversity and complexity of its functioning in the language. So, the word island does not indicate the geographical position, size, name, shape, fauna, flora of any particular island, therefore, abstracting from these particular features, we call this word any part of the land surrounded on all sides by water (in the ocean, sea, on a lake, a river) Thus, those essential features and properties of objects that make it possible to distinguish a whole class of objects from other classes are fixed in words.
However, not all words name any concept. They are not able to express unions, particles, prepositions, interjections, pronouns, proper names. Special mention should be made of the latter.
There are proper names that name single concepts. These are the names of prominent people (Shakespeare, Dante, Leo Tolstoy, Chaliapin, Rachmaninov), geographical names (Volga, Baikal, Alps, America). By their nature, they cannot be a generalization and evoke the idea of a subject that is one of a kind.
Personal names of people (Alexander, Dmitry), surnames (Golubev, Davydov), on the contrary, do not give rise to a definite idea of a person in our minds.
Common nouns (historian, engineer, son-in-law), according to the distinguishing features of professions, the degree of kinship, allow us to get some idea of the people named by these words.
Animal names may approach generalized names. So, if the horse's name is Bulany, this indicates its gender and color. Squirrel is usually called animals with white wool (although a cat, a dog, and a goat can be called that). So different nicknames correlate differently with generalized names.
Types of lexical meanings of words in Russian
Comparison of various words and their meanings makes it possible to single out several types of lexical meanings of words in the Russian language.
According to the method of nomination, direct and figurative meanings of words are distinguished. The direct (or main, main) meaning of a word is a meaning that directly correlates with the phenomena of objective reality. For example, the words table, black, boil have the following basic meanings:
- A piece of furniture in the form of a wide horizontal board on high supports, legs.
- The colors of soot, coal.
- Seething, bubbling, evaporating from strong heat (about liquids). These values are stable, although they may change historically. For example, the word table in the Old Russian language meant throne, reign, capital.
The direct meanings of words less than all others depend on the context, on the nature of the connections with other words. Therefore, direct meanings are said to have the greatest paradigmatic conditionality and the least syntagmatic coherence.
The figurative (indirect) meanings of words arise as a result of the transfer of a name from one phenomenon of reality to another based on the similarity, commonality of their features, functions, etc.
So, the word table has several figurative meanings:
- An item of special equipment or a part of a similarly shaped machine: operating table, raise the machine table.
- Food, food: rent a room with a table.
- Department in the institution, in charge of some special range of affairs: information desk.
The word black has such figurative meanings:
Dark, as opposed to something lighter, called white: brown bread.
- Has taken on a dark color, darkened: black from sunburn.
- Kurnoy (only full form, obsolete): black hut.
- Gloomy, bleak, heavy: black thoughts.
- Criminal, malicious: black treason.
- Not the main one, auxiliary (only the full form): the back door in the house.
- Physically heavy and unskilled (full form only): menial work, etc.
The word boil has the following figurative meanings: 1. "To manifest itself in a strong degree": the work is in full swing. 2. "To manifest something with force, to a strong degree": seething with indignation.
As you can see, indirect meanings appear in words that are not directly related to the concept, but approach it through various associations that are obvious to speakers.
Figurative meanings can retain figurativeness: black thoughts, black betrayal; seethe with indignation. Such figurative meanings are fixed in the language: they are given in dictionaries when interpreting a lexical unit.
In terms of reproducibility and stability, figurative meanings differ from metaphors that are created by writers, poets, publicists and are of an individual nature.
However, in most cases, when transferring meanings, imagery is lost. For example, we do not perceive as figurative such names as a pipe elbow, a teapot spout, a clock, etc. In such cases, one speaks of extinct imagery in the lexical meaning of the word, of dry metaphors.
Direct and figurative meanings are distinguished within one word.
2. According to the degree of semantic motivation, unmotivated meanings (non-derivative, primary) are distinguished, which are not determined by the meaning of morphemes in the composition of the word; motivated (derivatives, secondary), which are derived from the meanings of the generating stem and word-building affixes. For example, the words table, build, white have unmotivated meanings. The words canteen, table, canteen, construction, perestroika, anti-perestroika, turn white, whiten, whiteness have motivated meanings, they are, as it were, “produced” from the motivating part, word-building formants and semantic components that help to comprehend the meaning of a word with a derivative stem.
For some words, the motivation of the meaning is somewhat obscured, since in modern Russian it is not always possible to single out their historical root. However, etymological analysis establishes the ancient family ties of the word with other words, makes it possible to explain the origin of its meaning. For example, etymological analysis allows you to identify historical roots in the words fat, feast, window, cloth, pillow, cloud and establish their connection with the words live, drink, eye, knot, ear, drag (envelop) Thus, the degree of motivation of a particular meaning words may not be the same. In addition, the meaning may seem motivated to a person with a philological background, while the semantic connections of this word seem lost to a non-specialist.
3. According to the possibility of lexical compatibility, the meanings of words are divided into free and non-free. The first are based only on the subject-logical connections of words. For example, the word drink is combined with words denoting liquids (water, milk, tea, lemonade, etc.), but cannot be combined with words such as stone, beauty, running, night. The compatibility of words is regulated by the subject compatibility (or incompatibility) of the concepts they denote. Thus, the "freedom" of the compatibility of words with unrelated meanings is relative.
The non-free meanings of words are characterized by limited possibilities of lexical compatibility, which in this case is determined by both subject-logical and proper linguistic factors. For example, the word win is combined with the words victory, top, but not combined with the word defeat. You can say to lower your head (look, eyes, eyes), but you can’t - “lower your hand” (leg, briefcase).
Non-free meanings, in turn, are divided into phraseologically related and syntactically conditioned. The former are realized only in stable (phraseological) combinations: a sworn enemy, a bosom friend (you cannot swap the elements of these phrases).
The syntactically conditioned meanings of a word are realized only if it performs an unusual syntactic function in a sentence. So, the words log, oak, hat, acting as the nominal part of the compound predicate, get the meanings "stupid person"; "stupid, insensitive person"; "a sluggish, uninitiated person, a muddler." V. V. Vinogradov, who first singled out this type of meanings, called them functionally syntactically conditioned. These meanings are always figurative and, according to the method of nomination, are among the figurative meanings.
As part of the syntactically conditioned meanings of the word, there are also structurally limited meanings, which are realized only under the conditions of a certain syntactic construction. For example, the word whirlwind with the direct meaning "gusty circular motion of the wind" in a construction with a noun in the form of the genitive case receives a figurative meaning: whirlwind of events - "rapid development of events".
4. According to the nature of the functions performed, lexical meanings are divided into two types: nominative, the purpose of which is the nomination, naming of phenomena, objects, their qualities, and expressive-synonymous, in which the emotional-evaluative (connotative) feature is predominant. For example, in the phrase tall man, the word tall indicates great growth; this is its nominal value. And the words lanky, long in combination with the word man not only indicate great growth, but also contain a negative, disapproving assessment of such growth. These words have an expressive-synonymous meaning and are among the expressive synonyms for the neutral word high.
5. By the nature of the connections of some meanings with others in the lexical system of the language, the following can be distinguished:
- autonomous meanings possessed by words that are relatively independent in the language system and designate mainly specific objects: a table, a theater, a flower;
- correlative meanings that are inherent in words that are opposed to each other on some grounds: close - far, good - bad, youth - old age;
- deterministic meanings, i.e., those “which are, as it were, determined by the meanings of other words, since they represent their stylistic or expressive variants ...” For example: nag (cf. stylistically neutral synonyms: horse, horse); beautiful, wonderful, magnificent (cf. good).
Thus, the modern typology of lexical meanings is based, firstly, on the conceptual and subject relations of words (i.e., paradigmatic relations), secondly, word-formation (or derivational) relations of words, and thirdly, the relationship of words to each other. friend (syntagmatic relations). The study of the typology of lexical meanings helps to understand the semantic structure of the word, to penetrate deeper into the systemic connections that have developed in the vocabulary of the modern Russian language.
- See Ulukhanov I. S. Word-building semantics in Russian and the principles of its description M., 1977 P. 100–101
- Shmelev D.N. Meaning of the word // Russian language: Encyclopedia. M., 1979. S. 89.
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Questions for self-examination
- What is the lexical meaning of a word?
- What branch of the science of language studies the lexical meaning of a word?
- What words perform a nominative function in speech? What does it consist of?
- What words lack nominative function?
- What does the term "concept" mean?
- What is the connection between the concept and the word?
- What words do not represent concepts?
- What types of lexical meanings of words stand out in modern Russian?
- What is the literal and figurative meaning of the word?
- What is the motivated and unmotivated meaning of words?
- What is the difference between free and non-free meanings of words?
- What are the features of phraseologically related and syntactically determined meanings of words?
- What distinguishes the autonomous meanings of words?
- What are relative meanings of words?
- What are the deterministic meanings of words?
Exercises
3. Select the words in the sentences that have free (nominative) and non-free (phraseologically related and syntactically determined) meanings.
1. Leisure for me to sort out your faults, puppy! (Cr.) 2. Now I have been given leisure forever. (Sim.) 3. Soldiers are sleeping, who have leisure. (TV). 4. Cranberry - creeping marsh plant with red sour berries. 5. That's cranberry! 6. Again there were rumors, speculation, and this spreading cranberry was talked about everywhere. 7. The white birch under my window was covered with snow, like silver. (Ec.) 8. White work is done by white, black work is done by black (M.). 9. He is not a tenant in this world. 10. The tenant came late and did not disturb the hostess. 11. The girl slept off her face, lost weight. 12. The heat subsided. 13. Well, goose! 14. The noisy geese caravan stretched south. (P.) 15. This is not the first time this goose has been here. 16. Blue fog, snow expanse. (Es.). 17. She is a blue stocking, not a woman.
4. Select words in the text that have nominative, phraseologically related and syntactically conditioned meanings.
Senya was lying on the sofa, all gray, wrinkled, time seemed to be already a burden to him. ... - I do not believe! No I do not believe! – What are you talking about? Ryazantsev asked. - I do not believe that in old age a person should reproach himself for what is wrong, not how he lived his youth. Why not? - That's why! What right does an old man who seems to be no longer a tenant, what right does he have to judge a young, living one? ..
They agreed that they would write a book together, because Senya alone would not have time to finish it. When Senya was very ill, lying on his couch and shouting that he was not being treated by doctors, veterinarians, Ryazantsev told him: “Listen, Senya, we need to finish the book this year.” And Senya's thoughts came in complete, sometimes even in perfect order. ... When later consciousness began to come to him only from time to time, even then he cared most about the book. Nothing else could be expected from him, but suddenly Senya began to express judgments that were unusual for him. Said once:
- We barely know each other.
- Who are we? Ryazantsev asked.
– People... Radio, television, cinema – all this shows us in breadth. Quantitatively. Externally. But we are losing one primitive - the good old genre, tested for centuries - the genre of friendly conversation. As if people do not lose in this ... Bear in mind.
It was possible to say to the Seine: “Remember,” he left, Ryazantsev remained in this life.
(S. Zalygin.)
5. Indicate in the text the words that perform the nominative function and lack it; words denoting and not denoting concepts, as well as pointing to single concepts. Indicate, in addition, words that have different types of meanings: direct and figurative, motivated and unmotivated, free and not free, nominative and expressive-synonymous. Highlight words with autonomous, correlative and deterministic meanings.
1. The book began to be printed. It was called "In defense of the disadvantaged."
The typesetters tore the manuscript to pieces, and each typed only his own piece, which began with half a word and made no sense. So, in the word "love" - "liu" remained with one, and "bov" went to another, but it did not matter, since they never read what they were typing.
- So that it was empty for him, this scribbler! Here is an anathema handwriting! - said one and, grimacing with anger and impatience, covered his eyes with his hand. The fingers of the hand were black with lead dust, dark leaden shadows lay on the young face, and when the worker coughed and spat, his saliva was painted in the same dark and dead color.
2. Books stood in colorful rows on the shelves, and no walls were visible behind them; books lay in high piles on the floor; and behind the store, in two dark rooms, lay all the books, books. And it seemed that the human thought bound by them silently shuddered and rushed out, and there had never been real silence and real peace in this realm of books.
The gray-bearded gentleman with a noble expression spoke respectfully to someone on the phone, cursed in a whisper: "idiots!", and shouted.
- Bear! - and when the boy entered, he made an ignoble and ferocious face and shook his finger. - How many times do you have to scream? Scoundrel!
The boy blinked his eyes in fear, and the gray-bearded gentleman calmed down. With his foot and hand, he pushed out a heavy bundle of books, wanted to lift it with one hand - but immediately could not and threw it back on the floor.
- Take it to Yegor Ivanovich.
The boy took the bundle with both hands and did not lift it.
- Live! shouted the gentleman.
The boy picked it up and carried it.
- Why are you crying? asked a passerby.
The mouse was crying. Soon a crowd gathered, an angry policeman came with a saber and a pistol, took Mishka and books and drove them all together in a cab to the station.
– What is there? asked the police officer on duty, looking up from the paper he was compiling.
- An unbearable burden, your honor, - the angry policeman answered and poked Mishka forward.
The police officer approached the bundle, still stretching as he walked, putting his legs back and sticking out his chest, heaved a deep sigh and slightly lifted the books.
- Wow! he said with pleasure.
The wrapping paper was torn at the edge, the police officer folded it back and read the title "In Defense of the Dispossessed."
The French writer and journalist Alfred Capu owns the following aphorism:
"The word is like a bag: it takes the form of what is put into it."
These words will help us answer the question, what is the lexical meaning of a word?
The image of the bag, although quite mundane, reminds us that not every word has a single meaning, so the bag can be very heavy, because:
- words are both single-valued and polysemantic;
- they can be used either literally or figuratively, depending entirely on the context in which they are used.
And yet we simply may not know what the word means, and mistakenly ascribe to it a completely different meaning. Therefore, we need to look into explanatory dictionaries more often so that our oral and written speech is accurate, as clear as possible and not full of errors.
Word to science!
In the textbook of the Russian language we read:
The lexical meaning of a word is the correlation of the sound complex of a linguistic unit with one or another phenomenon of reality fixed in the minds of speakers.
Not very clear? Then we use the following definition:
Lexical meaning- this is the content of the word, which allows you to get an idea about various phenomena, processes, properties, objects, and so on.
What is the lexical meaning of the word?
The main part of the words performs the so-called nominative function, that is, names objects, as well as their various properties, actions performed, processes, phenomena. These words are characterized as meaningful and independent.
Performing a nominative function, each word can acquire either direct or figurative.
direct- implies a direct connection of the word with a very specific phenomenon of real life, which it denotes. For example, to build means to erect buildings (literally), but the same word would mean mental intention (to make plans) if used in a figurative sense.
Figurative meaning is considered secondary, since in the process of its appearance the name and properties of one phenomenon are transferred to another. The figurative meaning is based on associative links: common features, similarities, functions, and so on.
One more example.
Swamp
direct - hot place.
Portable - stagnant processes in society, stagnant time.
Lexical compatibility
Another important concept worth mentioning when it comes to lexical meaning is compatibility. Not every word can be attached to another. In addition, there are words that can be called "non-free", strongly associated with others and not used without these words.
Among the latter are syntactically or constructively and phraseologically related.
Syntactically conditional- a kind of figurative meaning that appears in a certain context. In this case, the word begins to perform functions that are not characteristic of it.
For example:
Oh, you stupid oak!
Already done? Well, you're a hammer!
Phraseological connection can be found only in stable expressions and phrases. For example, the adjective "brown", meaning "color", is combined exclusively with the word "hair", and bosom can only be friend.
Deprived words
However, there is a group of words that have no lexical meaning. it
- interjections;
- particles;
- unions;
- prepositions.
Train!
In order to constantly replenish your vocabulary and know exactly what certain words mean, you can instill in yourself the habit of analyzing words according to the following algorithm:
1. Find out the lexical meaning of the word that it has in the context of the sentence and write it down.
2. Determine how many meanings this word has: many or one.
3. Establish what meaning: direct or figurative, - has the analyzed word.4. Choose synonyms.
5. Choose an antonym.
6. Determine the origin of the word.
7. Establish how widely it is used (common / limited in use, for example, professionalism).
8. Determine if the word is obsolete.
9. Find out if this word is included in set expressions and phraseological units.
Lexical meaning and spelling
In conclusion, we note that often only knowledge of the lexical meaning and the context in which it is used prevent errors from appearing.
Classic example:
It was comfortable to sit in the easy chair.
He started going gray early.
The same can be said about the spelling of roots -equal- and -even-, -poppy- and -mok-. In order to avoid mistakes when writing them, you need to know the meaning of the words in which they are written.
-equal- = same, equal // -even- = smooth, even
-mak- = to lower into liquid // -mok- = to pass moisture
Be careful with the word and fill each vocabulary bag with the right content!
Lexical meaning of a word in Russian with examples.
Lexical meaning of the word is its content, i.e. the correlation historically fixed in the minds of the speakers between the sound complex and the object or phenomenon of reality.
Direct value called one that is directly related to an object or phenomenon, quality, action, etc.
portable is such meaning, which arises as a result of not direct correlation with the object, but through the transfer of direct meaning to another object due to various associations. Examples:
nose - the organ of smell, located on the face of a person, the muzzle of an animal (direct);
- front part of the vessel, aircraft (portable);
- bird's beak (portable);
- toe (boot toes).
Synonyms, antonyms.
Synonyms- words that are close or identical in meaning, which differently name the same concept. Synonyms can differ from each other by a shade of meaning, stylistic coloring, etc.
present, gift, offering, present, gift
dress up, undress, dress up, dress up, dress up
Antonyms- words of different sounding, which express opposite, but correlative concepts with each other.
There is nothing in the world stronger and more powerless the words.
Lie the religion of slaves and masters. Truth is the god of the free man.
Contextual synonyms and antonyms are words that are not synonyms/antonyms in common use, but acquire similar or opposite meanings in context.
They agreed: wave and stone,
Poetry and prose, ice and fire
Not so different from each other antonyms).
Vocabulary old and new.
historicisms- These are obsolete words that have fallen into disuse due to the disappearance of those concepts that they denoted.
* veche, oprichnik
Archaisms- words that in the process of language development were replaced by synonyms.
* barber - hairdresser, piit - poet, cheeks - cheeks, bed - bed
Neologisms- new words that appear in the language as a result of new concepts, phenomena, qualities
* home cinema, merchandiser, reception.
Phraseologisms.
Phraseologisms- stable combinations of words that have a holistic meaning.
* roll up your sleeves
* rush headlong
Parsing the task.
Which of the following sentences contains phraseological units?
1) Often we carry with us the most sacred image and books.
2) We know perfectly well that a true book cannot be read only once.
3) Like magical signs, the truth and beauty of a book are absorbed gradually.
4) So, the book depository is the first gate of enlightenment.
Phraseologism is a stable combination of words, where words are used in a figurative sense, therefore we should look for a phrase that looks like a saying in appearance. In all sentences, only one phrase is stable: first gate.
LEXICAL MEANING OF THE WORD
| Parameter name | Meaning |
| Article subject: | LEXICAL MEANING OF THE WORD |
| Rubric (thematic category) | Lexicology |
WORD AND ITS LEXICAL MEANING. LEXICAL ERRORS
Vocabulary – the totality of all words of a given language.
Lexicology - a branch of the science of language that studies the vocabulary of a language.
In lexicology, words are studied from the point of view of: 1) their semantic meaning; 2) places in the general system of vocabulary; 3) origin; 4) usage; 5) areas of application in the process of communication; 6) their expressive-stylistic nature.
The concept of ʼʼlexicologyʼʼ includes the doctrine of stable phrases (phraseological units), the doctrine of dictionaries (lexicography).
Word - the main unit of the language, it is a sound or a complex of sounds that correlates with some phenomenon of reality: it names an object, a living being, a sign, an action, a property, etc.
The word as the basic unit of the language has different sides: phonetic (sound), lexical and grammatical.
Phonetic side of the word: milk[ml ko'].
From the semantic side, each word is characterized by a certain lexical meaning.
Lexical meaning – this is the content of the word, its correlation with the phenomenon of reality, that is, what a separate independent word means.
For example, there is an object ʼʼbridgeʼʼ and there is a word ʼʼ bridgeʼʼ denoting the subject.
The lexical meaning of the word ʼʼ bridgeʼʼ next; ʼʼconstruction for crossing, crossing a river, ravine, railway lineʼʼ.
Although the concept lies at the base of the lexical meaning of the word, it is impossible to put an equal sign between the meaning and the concept. The lexical meaning of the word is multifaceted. In addition to the concept, it may include emotionally expressive coloring. This is explained by the fact that language is not only a means of expressing and forming thoughts, but also a means of expressing feelings and moods. For example, words sun and Sun express the affectionate, loving attitude of the speaker to the named object.
The words good and wonderful, big and huge, beautiful and beautiful, be surprised and be amazed, frugality and avarice express one concept and differ only in the presence or absence of emotionally expressive coloring.
The lexical meaning of a word is closely related to the grammatical one. There is not a single word that has a lexical meaning and does not have a social grammatical design. To express grammatical meanings, there are special material indicators that give the word grammatical formality. So, for example, in the verb decide, used in various forms decided, decided), the lexical meaning is further complicated by the grammatical meanings of the past tense, singular, masculine and feminine, which is expressed with the help of the ending - a– for feminine, zero ending – for masculine and suffix - l- past tense.
LEXICAL MEANING OF THE WORD - concept and types. Classification and features of the category "LEXICAL MEANING OF THE WORD" 2017, 2018.
Plan. 1. Semasiology and onomasiology are two branches of lexical semantics. 2. Factors that determine the meaning of lexical units. 3. Types of lexical meaning. 4. Units and categories of the lexical system of the language. 5. The semantic structure of the word. 1. Semasiology and ... .
Lexical meaning - the correlation of the sound shell of the word with the corresponding objects or phenomena of objective reality. Lexical meaning does not include the entire set of features inherent in any object, phenomenon, action, etc., but ....
All objects and phenomena of reality have their own names in the language. Words point to real objects, to our attitude towards them, which arose in the process of knowing the world around us, to the concepts of these objects that arise in our minds. This connection... .
The main function of the word is to name things, actions, properties. For example, book, run, red - the names of the subject, action and attribute. This function of the word is called nominative (from Latin nomen "name"). The word can name specific objects, i.e. objects of the material world, ... .
The word is a complex, historically fixed unity of the sign with the signified, that is, the unity of linguistic and social factors. The most important are social - non-linguistic factors: 1) the relationship between the meaning of the word and the phenomena of reality; 2)communication...