Cast iron lid weight. Sewer hatch: difficult moments of choosing a simple design. indication of the state standard
When a sewer well is equipped on a private site, the norms of SNiP and the requirements of SES must be taken into account.
One of these requirements is a hatch for a sewer well.
Manhole for a sewer well
Functions
It performs the following functions:
- prevents a person from accidentally falling into a cesspool;
- protects the inspection shaft from clogging, prevents debris from entering the drain pit itself;
- prevents the spread of unpleasant odors around the site.
So you can understand that the cover for the sewer well must be installed without fail. It remains only to choose the most suitable model.
Sewer cover
Production material
Not only its cost, but also such qualities as strength, durability, tightness depend on what material the hatch is made of.
Consider the main types of products:
- cast iron - such hatches are characterized by increased strength, have a long service life of up to 100 years. They are mostly installed in the presence of increased loads on the structure, for example, on access roads or highways. In private areas, such hatches are almost never installed, because there are no such high requirements for the strength of products. In addition, there are options that are more affordable;
It looks like a cast-iron hatch
- plastic sewer manholes - today they have gained wider popularity, because they have many advantages. The first is an affordable price when compared with cast iron products. Also, plastic hatches are distinguished by a wide range of models and rich colors. They are lightweight and therefore extremely easy to install. Plastic hatches for sewer wells in private households are considered the most suitable option;
It looks like a plastic hatch
- concrete - such hatches are not very widespread. They are heavy and don't hold up well. Most often, such products are installed in cases where the diameter of the well is too large, has non-standard dimensions.
This is what concrete hatches look like
So we can conclude that the best option for arranging a drain pit or septic tank will be a plastic hatch.difference in shape
Previously, hatches were predominantly round. They are considered a universal option, they are installed on any cesspools that have a ground part with a round hole.
In operation, such hatches are also more convenient, they look quite compact.
But, today the choice of the shape of products has replenished with rectangular options.
They are installed on the necks of the appropriate shape, they are used less frequently than the previous version.
Sewer manholes have a different shape and design.
In addition to the shape of the hatch, you need to pay attention to the features of its purpose.
Water and sewer manholes
In order to simplify the procedure for selecting products, selecting them in accordance with the scope of application, manufacturers use special markings.
It is applied in alphabetical format on the front side of the product.
For example, manhole covers for water and sewer wells are designated by the letters B and K, respectively.
If we talk about hatches for rain sewers, then you can see the marking in the form of the letter D on them.
Knowing this, it will be easier for you to choose the hatch that is suitable for a particular situation.
Designations of sewer hatches
Dimensions
If we talk about round products, then the diameter of the manhole of the sewer well will be the decisive factor in this case.
There are two main indicators - the inner and outer diameter of the shell.
It is installed on the top of the manhole, must exactly match its dimensions.
Compliance with the neck is determined by the indicators of the internal diameter and the total area of \u200b\u200bthe base.
The size of the sewer well cover itself will slightly exceed the diameter of the shell, but the difference will be small.
Dimension table according to load class
TITLE LOAD CLASS WEIGHT, KG PURPOSE LIFE TIME DIMENSIONS,MM Garden light compact hatch A15 11 1500 For landscape gardening areas, courtyards of private houses, cottages and cottages ~50 years 540*540*80 Green lightweight plastic A15 10 1500 Park areas, squares, adjacent territories ~20 years 750*750*80 Polymer lightweight with locking device A15 46 1500 Pedestrian roads, park areas, plantings ~20 years 780*789*110 Polymer lightweight compact A15 25 1500 Parks, squares, sidewalks ~20 years 730*730*60 plastic lightweight A15 44 3000 Installation in manholes, park areas, squares ~20 years 750*630*115 Plastic road medium B125 50 12500 Park roads, sidewalks and parking lots ~50 years 780*780*110 Hatch size table according to weight
NAME BODY SIZE,MM LID SIZE,MM Light hatches (<1 тонны) 720*60 600*25 Light hatches (<2 тонн) 750*90 690*55 Hatches are square (<2 тонн) 640*640 600*600 Light hatches (<5 тонн) 750*90 690*55 Medium hatches (<5 тонн) 750*100 690*50 Hatches are heavy (<25 тонн) 800*110 700*70 All overall characteristics of hatches are registered in
A plastic sewer hatch is necessary to protect the sewage system from the ingress of waste, debris, as well as to prevent possible damage and theft. Polymer is one of the most common materials for the manufacture of such hatches.
The described products are one of the important parts of the drainage structure. They are able to withstand an impressive load, sometimes up to 20 tons. With the help of such hatches, it is possible to reduce the slip of cars on the roads. Such products are installed on household plots of cottages, private houses and summer cottages, as well as on pedestrian sidewalks, in landscape gardening areas.
In the production process, a polymer sand mixture is used. But special additives help to make the characteristics of the product better. This should include water resistance, as well as long service life and frost resistance. And yes, the look is worth it. If cast iron products are unsightly and are presented in a traditional color, then polymer products look more attractive and can have different shades, which allows you to fit the hatch into the exterior.
Dimensions
The sewer plastic hatch usually has standard sizes. This is due to the fact that the parameters of the wells are standard. The diameter of the hatch, together with the frame, is 80 cm. Its opening, like the cover, has a diameter of 62 cm. This is enough for a worker to climb into the well for technical work.
For underground wells, light, medium and heavy products are usually used. The size of their body is indicated by two parameters: diameter and height. When studying the dimensions, you should also pay attention to the size of the cover, it is also limited by the diameter and height. Square sewer polymer manholes are capable of carrying up to 2 tons. The diameter and height of their body are 640x640 mm. As for the size of the cover, it is 600x600 mm.
But if the design is able to withstand up to 1 ton, then its dimensions can be equal to 720 x 600 mm, which is true for the case, and 600x25 mm (diameter and height of the cover). On sale you can find another type of light hatches that can withstand the weight of a car up to 2 tons. In this case, the dimensions of the case will be somewhat larger, they are equal to 75x90 mm. But in the case of the lid, the parameters reach 690x55 mm.
By purchasing light and medium hatches up to 5 and 15 tons, respectively, you become the owner of products with the following dimensions: 750x90 mm and 750x100 mm (body size), 690x55 mm and 690x50 mm (lid size). If you are interested in the dimensions of sewer polymer manholes, then you should also pay attention to a product that can withstand up to 25 tons. Its dimensions are the largest and equal to 800x110 mm (case size), 700x70 mm (lid size). Light hatches are installed with a recess ranging from 25 to 45 mm, while medium and heavy hatches are mounted to a depth of 60 and 85 mm, respectively.
Dimensions of hatches with a low level of load
If you are a private user, then most likely you will choose a garden hatch or a green light hatch. In the first case, we are talking about a product that corresponds to the load class A15. The surface can be affected by a weight of up to 1500 kg. The mass of such a product is 11 kg, it is ready to serve for about 50 years. The dimensions of such a small hatch are 540x540x80 mm.
By purchasing a green plastic light hatch, you become the owner of a product with the same load class. The weight of the structure is 10 kg, its surface can be subjected to the same load as in the above case. Such a hatch is used for squares, parks and areas of adjacent territories. The product is ready to serve up to 20 years, and its dimensions are 750 x 750 x 80 mm.
On sale are also sewer polymer hatches with a lock. These locking products belong to the same load class, their weight is 46 kg, but they are intended for park areas, as well as pedestrian roads. The service life remains the same, but the dimensions change somewhat: 780x789x110 mm. Polymer hatches are good because they fit perfectly into the interior of suburban areas. This is due to the appearance of products that can have a variety of colors, including:
- green;
- brown;
- grey;
- black.
Specifications
Among the main technical characteristics, the weight of the product should be highlighted. It was discussed above. Next, you need to consider the load class. It depends on what mass the surface of the structure can take on itself. This factor often plays a decisive role in the choice.
Polymer sewer hatches (GOST 3634-99) are designated by different letters that determine the purpose. For example, if you see the letter L in the marking, then this indicates that you have a lightweight device with a nominal load of 1.5 tons. Such products cannot be placed on the roadway.
But heavy structures and medium hatches are installed on yard driveways and parking lots. They are able to withstand loads up to 25 tons. All characteristics are prescribed in state standards. In practice, you can understand that cast-iron hatches are also on sale, their diameter can vary from 380 to 810 mm. As for plastic ones, this parameter starts from 315 mm, and the final value is 1 m.
Under certain conditions, it becomes necessary to install a rectangular hatch, one side of such a product is 300 mm. Further, this value is increased in increments of 50 mm. But as for the maximum indicator, it reaches 800 mm.
The main types of hatches according to the material of manufacture
Hatches sewer iron, plastic, polymer and plastic are presented for sale in a wide range. As for cast iron products, they have increased strength and a long service life, which reaches 100 years. In most cases, such products are installed in areas with increased load on the structure, this should include roads and access roads. But in private areas, such hatches are almost impossible to meet, because there are no high requirements for the strength of products. In addition, such options are sometimes not so affordable.
Plastic hatches have gained wider popularity, because they have many advantages. Among others, an affordable price, as well as a wide range of models and rich colors. The weight of such structures is negligible, so it is very easy to install them. The most suitable option for private households will be plastic hatches. But plastic structures are also good because they are not of interest to scrap metal collectors. The material does not rust, does not fade in the sun and remains resistant to moisture and ultraviolet radiation. Such characteristics are characteristic of plastic hatches for the reason that heat-resistant pigments and additives are added to the ingredients during the production process.
Compared to cast iron, plastic hatches are very light. And you can install them even on the territory of the lawn, where it will merge with the green mass of grass. Polymer-sand hatches are resistant to temperature extremes, so they can be operated in any climatic zones. Their operating range is limited to -50 to +50 °C.
Why else should you choose a polymer hatch
The sewer polymer hatch, the characteristics of which are described in the article and should be studied by you before purchasing such a product, does not make a ringing sound when a car hits it. This is especially true for residential areas. Plastic hatches are also installed at gas stations. This is due to the fact that they do not spark when opening and closing, as well as at the time of the passage of vehicles on their surface.
The cost of hatches
You now know the dimensions of polymer sewer manholes, but consumers are also interested in cost. You can buy a light product with a slight height for 380 rubles. a piece. The weight of the lid and ring is 25 kg. But a light high sewer manhole costs already 580 rubles, its weight, together with a lid and a ring, will be 45 kg.
Price for medium and reinforced hatches
An average product with a lid and a ring in the kit will weigh 52 kg, and its price is 650 rubles. The dimensions of polymer sewer manholes were mentioned in the article. Now you know what parameters a heavy product has. Additionally, it is worth noting only the weight, it is 57 kg, while you will have to pay 800 rubles for such a hatch. A reinforced polymer heavy hatch costs already 950 rubles, and its weight is 60 kg.
Mounting Features
A polymeric sewer hatch, the price of which is sometimes much lower than a cast-iron counterpart, can be installed independently. The only difference in the installation of other hatches is that the polymer cover will have much less weight, which makes installation easier. Before starting work, it is necessary to install a ring, which is also called a shell. It is located on the cover of an underground well.
Work methodology
There must be a support ring between the well cover and the hatch. It will reduce the load on the plate several times. Instead of a ring, brickwork can be used, but over time it can collapse, which will cause the lid to fail.
A sewer polymer manhole, the price of which is acceptable for most consumers, is installed according to a certain algorithm. At the first stage, it involves aligning the ring horizontally using a level. This will evenly distribute the load. The structure should not be sloped, as this can cause subsidence and destruction of the device.
Final works
To fill the ring from the outside, it is necessary to use a concrete solution, which is located around the perimeter. After laying it, you must leave the mixture to dry completely. Next, you can proceed to the installation of the installation in the ring. The upper part is lubricated with grease and lithol, which will ensure easy opening of the device even at low temperatures.
Conclusion
Since the dimensions of the sewer polymer manholes are standard, you can replace one product with another. It speaks of interchangeability. Modern polymer-based covers can be installed in a metal case. The material will be able to withstand high loads. Water resistance is an added benefit. After installing a sewer polymer manhole, you can forget about its existence. It will last long enough, because the inner surface of the cover is reinforced with stiffeners.
The use of sewer manholes has long been commonplace, and they are used in the arrangement of any underground communications. Sewer manholes perform not only protective functions, but also several others, which will be discussed in this article.
There are many models of manholes for external sewerage, and they all differ in shape, size and performance. Before choosing a sewer hatch, it is necessary to clearly formulate the requirements that apply to this element of the sewer system.
Appointment of sewer manholes
The sewerage device assumes the mandatory presence of a sewer hatch. If there are manholes in the system, the hatch will have to be used without fail, otherwise such a sewer will not be allowed for operation (read also: ""). Manhole covers are used in many types of systems, including local sewage treatment plants, storm sewers, and drainage systems.It is access to the internal sewerage space that is the main function of the hatches, but far from the only one. The sewer manhole also plays a protective role, not only for the system, protecting it from external factors, but also for a person, reducing to zero the likelihood of him accidentally falling into the well.
There are different types of sewer manholes, differing in their performance and properties. For example, for use on highways, you need to use reinforced hatches that can withstand high loads over a long period of time. The choice of a hatch depends primarily on the shape and type of well for which it is purchased. The sewer well device will not be completed without a hatch. In any case, the choice of a hatch should be made during the design of the system, so an error in such a situation is practically excluded.
Classification by material of manufacture
Most often, sewer manholes are divided into types precisely according to the material used to manufacture the product. This is due to the fact that the performance of the structure depends on the material.Nowadays, a wide range of sewer manholes can be found on the market, and any of them must meet the following requirements:
- high mechanical strength, allowing to withstand the maximum allowable load without damage;
- maximum resistance to external factors: the hatch should not lose its quality due to certain weather conditions;
- no negative impact on the performance of the well, over which the hatch is installed.
Cast iron manholes
Cast iron products can be called traditional because they have been used for a very long time. Cast iron sewer manholes are made from an alloy of cast iron with lamellar graphite. Hatches made of cast iron can withstand fairly high loads, so they are usually installed in places where the loads reach high values. Such models are very strong and durable: the service life of individual specimens can exceed 100 years.
Good cast iron hatches can resist loads up to 90 tons without experiencing any discomfort. Since cast iron has a low thermal conductivity, it is often used to protect heating mains: this property allows the hatch to keep the system in working order even in the event of a breakthrough. The long service life of the structures speaks for itself. The most controversial quality of cast iron hatches is their weight, which both complicates installation and reduces the likelihood of theft.
It is not worth using a cast-iron sewer hatch when arranging home sewage: in private households there are no such high loads, so it would be much better to use lighter models, the installation of which is much easier.
polymer hatches
Polymeric materials began to be used for the manufacture of sewer manholes relatively recently, and such models are almost as good as cast iron products in their characteristics. As a rule, if the area where the sewer well is located will not be subjected to high loads, then a polymer hatch is the most optimal solution. A typical sewer polymer hatch is shown in the photo.
Perhaps the only drawback compared to cast-iron hatches in this case is low strength: a standard plastic sewer hatch can withstand a load of up to 5 tons. Nevertheless, this indicator is quite enough in most cases, especially when building in private households.
Among the advantages of such structures:
- low weight, which often has to be compensated with a locking lock so that the hatch does not break out of its place;
- low price, especially against the background of cast iron products;
- the ability to choose the color of the hatch, which allows you to choose a model whose color will best match the conditions where it is located.
Concrete hatches
The concrete sewer hatch is used quite rarely. As a rule, the need for hatches made of this material arises in cases where the sewer well has a non-standard shape or dimensions. In home sewer networks, concrete manholes are most often used to ensure the tightness of structures made using reinforced concrete rings. Since the mounting rim is also made of concrete, the structures are well combined with each other.
For large networks, concrete hatches can also be used, but usually such cases arise when manholes are made in a non-standard form. The hatch for such a system is made to order, in strict accordance with the project, according to which the entire system is being built.
Classification of hatches by shape
The shape of the hatch depends on how the manhole is made.Depending on the shape, there are such types of sewer manholes:
- round;
- square;
- rectangular (which is a subspecies of square hatches).
round manholes
Many people are interested to know why manhole covers are round? Since most inspection shafts have a round mouth, the use of predominantly round manholes to protect them is not something surprising. The cylindrical shape of many wells is explained by the fact that work is carried out in this way much safer, and ventilation is better. It is for this reason that round hatches are most often used to cover inspection shafts. When choosing a hatch, you need to carefully study all its operating parameters.Manhole diameter
The size of a round sewer hatch usually has a standard value, under which the design is usually calculated. To consider the parameters of hatches, it is worth using an example of a typical model.The main indicators of round hatches are the outer and inner diameter of the shell, which is installed at the edges of the manhole. The dimensions of the shell must exactly match the dimensions of the neck. Another important parameter of a round manhole is the size of the sewer cover, which usually slightly exceeds the inner diameter of the shell.
In any case, most often the diameter of the sewer hatch complies with the standards contained in GOST 3634 99. This regulatory document defines all the performance characteristics that products must comply with.
Square manholes
Only a square sewer manhole can be mounted on a rectangular manhole. This is a rather rare occurrence, especially when it comes to local sewer systems. The document GOST 3634-99 also describes square hatches that are used to solve such problems.Hatch size
The diameter of the sewer manhole cover is in a fairly wide range - there are no restrictions in this case. According to the regulations, the minimum size can be 300 mm, and the largest reaches 800 mm. The installation site has the same dimensions as in the case of round hatches. The sewer manhole cover can be both sealed and have special openings. The latter type of hatches is used for arranging storm water drainage lines, not only in private households, but also in civil engineering.Hatch weight
Regulatory documents regulate the weight of the manhole cover exclusively for cast iron devices. According to these data, the fact how much a manhole weighs directly affects its resistance to the load that will fall on it during operation.Thus, the following classification will be obtained:
There is no mention of concrete hatches in the regulatory document. The weight of a sewer manhole made of concrete can reach 1 ton. Plastic hatches are also deprived of attention. The thing is that a plastic manhole cover usually weighs no more than 20 kg, which determines the popularity of these designs among owners of private households.
Manhole markings
The need for marking arose for the reason that hatches can be used in various fields.The marking according to the scope is as follows:
- B - hatches for water mains;
- PG, G - protective elements for fire hydrants (underground and ground, respectively);
- K - devices for sewer systems;
- D - hatches for rain sewer systems;
- TS - devices used in the installation of heating networks;
- GS - hatches for gas pipelines;
- T, MTS, GTS - structures for arranging telephone lines;
- MG - devices for main gas pipelines.
Hatches with a lock
To prevent theft of the hatch and to protect the manhole, structures equipped with a lock are used. In this case, the shell is fixed at the end of the shaft and becomes a rigid frame. The locking device itself may have its own design features, and this element is located on the hatch cover.The most common locks for sewer manholes include the following types:
- flag locks;
- threaded connections of hatch elements;
- various spreading devices.
Hatch installation
Installation of a sewer hatch does not require special knowledge - it will be enough to figure out how a particular model of the device is attached. For example, plastic hatches are most often installed using mounting grooves to which the shell is attached. If necessary, the structure can be strengthened with screws or glue.Installing cast iron hatches is a little harder. First you need to install a support platform on the well overlap, and here it is very important to achieve a correspondence between the dimensions of the well and the inner diameter of the hatch. Further, all this is poured with concrete, after which the cover is mounted. You can remove the cover only after the concrete mortar has completely solidified. In any case, before installing a sewer hatch, you need to accurately understand the sequence of actions.
The cost of hatches
The price of the hatch can vary depending on various indicators. The main parameters affecting the cost of structures are the material used to manufacture the hatch and the load class of the device. As practice shows, the cheapest options are plastic structures, and cast-iron hatches have the highest cost.However, owners of private houses should not worry, since cast iron devices are needed only for equipping access roads (for example, on the site in front of the garage).
manhole cover
The cover is the main part in the design, which performs the main functions of the hatch. When choosing a cover, you need to carefully examine it for compliance with the dimensions of the shell. Also, the design should not have any protrusions or gaps.In addition to conventional hatches, there are special designs that have a special tank for filling with concrete. This solution allows you to more reliably protect the device from external factors. When passing heavy equipment, such a hatch will fit better to the ring, and its strength will be increased due to the concrete layer.
There are also decorative covers for sewer manholes, which differ from traditional models in the presence of a special shape or pattern. The latter option is much more common, since its implementation is simple.
In any case, the use of decorative hatches allows you to hide the structure in the best possible way among the landscape of the site. The choice of a lid in this case depends entirely on personal preferences and the characteristics of the site: somewhere an imitation of natural stone is better suited, and for other cases a hatch with a sandy color will suffice.
There is not much point in discussing the cost of manhole covers, since it is rather problematic to find them for sale separately from the finished structure. That is why it is worth taking care in advance that the hatch does not disappear anywhere, otherwise you will have to reinstall the entire device.
sewer manholes
How many stories are connected with sewer manholes - funny and sad, anecdotal and tragic, real and fictional. But one thing is clear - this is an important and mandatory detail of many communication systems. And it is simply impossible to imagine any street of a city or village without a single cast-iron sewer manhole.
Sewer well as part of the system
Why sewer manholes deserve such attention?
The huge length of various highways requires their constant maintenance, and, if necessary, repair. At the same time, the only way to get into the underground space was the arrangement of technological wells. Through them you can get to the telephone cable, heating mains, water supply and sewerage.
Wells are located on the main sections of underground engineering highways. They install nodes of shut-off and distribution equipment, as well as mechanisms for controlling and monitoring systems.
Every well must be covered. And not haphazardly, but thorough and reliable, so that neither the wheels of a random car, nor curious and ubiquitous boys could open it.
A tightly closed lid is a guarantee of its protection against theft and entry into the well of various objects and pets. But the main goal for which heavy and massive covers are placed is to prevent accidents and people falling into them. It is almost impossible to see the opening of the well at night, in the grass or in other difficult conditions.
Thus, the main purpose of hatches is to provide access to underground utilities and safe vehicular traffic and the movement of people. The cover should be universal and fit any wells, regardless of the city and region. At the same time, hatches are distinguished by purpose and systems passing through the well.
The manufacture of sewer manholes is a labor-intensive and expensive process, therefore, the theft of cast-iron covers, which has become more frequent in recent years, entails significant costs for their restoration.
Types of hatches and materials for them
Cast iron hatch
Until recently, hatches were exclusively cast iron. Cast iron is a durable, corrosion resistant and very heavy material. Its strength is important for installation on highways, where a heavy sewer manhole must not crack and even move under the influence of the wheels of passing cars. At the same time, the main types of cast-iron hatches are designed for a load of 25 tons.
Cast iron is also ideal in terms of resistance to corrosion, constantly being in conditions of high humidity.
However, in recent years, various cast iron products have become the object of theft, and hatches occupy the first place among all stolen items.
And not only cast iron ...
To prevent theft, well covers began to be made of polymeric materials and rubber. Of course, they cannot be installed on the roadway, as they will not withstand the loads from passing cars. But in pedestrian areas and on unpaved areas, they will last a long time. According to manufacturers, the service life of such hatches is at least 50 years, and they weigh 5 times less than cast-iron counterparts.
At the same time, rubber hatches can be painted in various colors.
Sewer manhole polymer-composite round
Covers made of polymer-composite materials are devoid of many disadvantages of polymer and even cast iron ones. They practically have no restrictions in application, including loads. You can install them on the roadway, footpaths and in green spaces. At the same time, the different coloring of the products makes it possible to make them not only invisible in the grass, but also hardly noticeable on sidewalks and footpaths.
An important advantage of such hatches is the complete elimination of the formation of sparks upon contact of parts, which eliminates the possibility of gas ignition in the well.
In order to combat theft, chemical compounds are added to the material of polymer products, which exclude recycling. In addition, more and more often you can see a sewer hatch with a lock. This virtually eliminates the theft of not only the covers themselves, but also the materials and equipment located in the well.
Types of hatches and their marking
Marking K - sewerage
Although for most people all the manholes on the road or sidewalk are called sewers, under them often there is no sewer at all. You can determine the true purpose of the "sewer manhole" by the markings on the lid. It is applied during casting of the product and is indicated by the letters:
- K - sewerage
- B - water supply, plumbing
- D - rainwater, storm sewer
- G - fire water supply, hydrant
- TS - heating system
- GS - gas pipeline
- GTS - telephone network
Special services, of course, do not look for their communications by these letters, since they have detailed diagrams indicating distances to houses and other landmarks. But with a large accumulation of communications in a small area, marking helps.
According to the places of application, all cast-iron and polymer-composite hatches can be divided into:
- Heavy - type "T"
- Lungs - type "L"
Type "T" hatches are used on highways, highways and roadways of yards. The weight of such a cast-iron product is from 90 to 110 kg, polymer-composite - 45 kg. Polymeric products are not presented in this category.
Light cast iron hatch
Type L hatches, being lighter, are used on footpaths, in green areas and other areas inaccessible to vehicles. Cast iron cover weighs 55-90 kg, polymer-composite - 45 kg and polymer - 12-15 kg.
For special operating conditions, other types of hatches are also produced, for example, main ones. The weight of such products is more than 150 kg, while they can withstand a load of 40 tons. Airfield and drain hatches also belong to special ones.
A few words about installation
On personal plots, the installation of a hatch can be associated not only with sewage, but also with water supply or other systems. The criterion for choosing the cover material for a home well is often the price.
Since heavy traffic on the site is unlikely to be expected, in most cases it is enough to install a light hatch with a maximum permissible load of 3000 kg.
How much does a sewer manhole of this type cost? If we talk about cast iron products, then their price ranges from 2.5 to 4 thousand rubles. Polymer analogues cost about 1 thousand rubles.
Hatch installation
The whole structure is designed in such a way that the forces need to be applied only when mounting the support ring. The hatch itself simply fits into the opening of the manhole with guide lugs in the grooves of the support ring. At the same time, the support ring has technological holes for high-quality and reliable concreting.
If the well is a sewer, then it is necessary to install it so that water does not get inside through the cover during precipitation, snow melting or irrigation. Therefore, the upper plane of the cover with openings for operation should rise slightly above the surface of the lawn. If the well is located on a path or a car entrance, it is necessary to provide a slope in the area of \u200b\u200bthe cover for water flow.
Important! Mounting is not allowed when the upper plane of the cover is below the level of the roadbed, soil or footpath.
The well can also be below ground level, for example, when updating the roadbed, raising the ground level, laying paving slabs on top of asphalt, and in other cases.
Operation features
Operation of the polymer-composite hatch
Despite the outward simplicity of the device of wells, their operation requires compliance with certain rules:
- Opening the well cover, especially when it is cast iron, must be done very carefully. The heavy weight of the cover can cause serious injury.
- When opening a well, it is forbidden to use open fire for lighting and heating. Any spark can ignite the gases inside.
- You can go down into the well only after it has been ventilated. And in sewer manholes it is allowed to carry out work only in personal protective equipment.
- It is strictly forbidden to work in wells alone.
- The device for descending into the well (ladder, step-ladder) must have an appropriate height, and people working below must be securely fastened with safety devices.
- The open opening of the well must be fenced off and illuminated at night.
All these rules apply not only to employees of special enterprises for the maintenance of underground engineering networks, but also to any person who is somehow connected with work in wells. In full measure, they apply to the owners of private houses.
The arrangement of sewerage and a well is a prerequisite in private and multi-storey buildings. Certain requirements are imposed on such facilities, so they must fully comply with sanitary and hygienic standards. In addition, when arranging a well treatment system for a country house, any person expects that the structure will last for decades, serving faithfully.
Therefore, the best solution for such work would be the installation of a concrete ring. This product is made of strong and durable material that can last almost forever, provided that the ring is correctly selected, the installation is carried out in compliance with all requirements. Therefore, it makes sense to consider the features of concrete rings, to understand the size range and installation methods.
What are the rings. Types and purpose
Well rings are round reinforced concrete structures used for arranging engineering communications buried below ground level. Depending on the structure being constructed, the following types of rings are used:
Sewerage and water intake.
Products for laying underground cable networks.
Collectors.
Gas pipelines and water intakes.
In addition, there are such varieties on the market:
Rings with a flat and lock end.
Repair.
Additional.
Regardless of the type and purpose, products are made of heavy concrete, grades 200-500, reinforcement is performed.
Production technology
Rings are made for wells from hard concrete, which is poured into the formwork. It is necessary to clarify what is pre-made reinforcement from steel wire, with a diameter 8-12 mm. At opposite ends of the structure, two vertical rods are installed, which act as lugs for lifting the ring.
The mold is compacted by vibration to eliminate the formation of voids. The formwork is removed one day after the concrete is poured. After that, finished products are stored in open areas. The release strength of the ring ( 50% of the set) is recruited after about 7 days. The full strength of concrete is reached after 28 days.
Advantages and disadvantages of reinforced concrete rings
It is no secret that any building material has its strengths and weaknesses. This feature also applies to finished products. Concrete rings seem ideal, but even they are not without some drawbacks.
The undeniable advantages of ZhB-rings include the following:
High quality at an affordable price.
Wide size range.
The ability to quickly equip the water supply and sewerage system.
High tightness: a tight fit of the seams prevents groundwater from entering the structure.
Long service life: reinforced concrete is neutral to any environment, so it can last at least 100 years old.
Rigidity of the structure: wells made of concrete rings can be mounted even on unstable ground.
Obvious disadvantages include the following:
Dimensions and weight: it is impossible to install a concrete ring without the use of construction equipment, which somewhat "weights" the cost of installation.
Lack of mobility: it is very difficult to move such a well.
It can be seen that there are more positive features, this explains the steadily growing popularity of concrete rings.
Marking according to GOST. How to read the conventions correctly
Each reinforced concrete ring has a marking that determines the scope of the product. Symbols comply with GOST standards, it looks like this:
KLK- products intended for the arrangement of a drain and urban storm sewers.
KVG- rings used for the installation of a gas pipeline and water wells.
KO- a support ring that forms the foundation of the well.
KS- wall models installed in confined spaces.
KFK- drainage systems and collector networks.
In addition, the marking of the rings also contains numerical designations.
Decryption example:
KS-7-9. It means wall ring with wall thickness 70 and height 900 mm.
Standard sizes of reinforced concrete rings
Concrete rings are presented in a very diverse range of sizes. Standard product sizes look like this:
Height: 10-100 cm.
Wall thickness: 70-120 mm.
Inner diameter: 70-200 cm.
Specific gravity: 46-2 300 kg.
Thanks to these standard sizes, it is not difficult to choose rings for arranging an individual water supply system.
| Name | Diameter D, mm | Diameter d, mm | Height h, mm | Thickness, mm | Volume of concrete, cubic meters | Weight, tons |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K-10-10 | 1160 | 1000 | 990 | 80 | 0.27 | 0.68 |
| K-10-5 | 1160 | 1000 | 490 | 80 | 0.14 | 0.35 |
| K-12-10 | 1410 | 1250 | 990 | 80 | 0.33 | 0.82 |
| K-12-5 | 1410 | 1250 | 490 | 80 | 0.17 | 0.42 |
| K-15-10 | 1680 | 1500 | 990 | 90 | 0.44 | 1.1 |
| K-15-5 | 1680 | 1500 | 490 | 90 | 0.22 | 0.55 |
| K-20-5 | 2200 | 2000 | 490 | 100 | 0.33 | 0.82 |
| K-7-1.5 | 840 | 700 | 145 | 70 | 0.024 | 0.06 |
| K-7-10 | 840 | 700 | 990 | 70 | 0.17 | 0.42 |
| K-7-5 | 840 | 700 | 495 | 70 | 0.084 | 0.21 |
| COP 7.6 | 840 | 700 | 590 | 70 | 0.3 | 0.25 |
| KS10.18a | 1160 | 1000 | 1790 | 80 | 0.46 | 1.15 |
| COP10.3 | 1160 | 1000 | 290 | 80 | 0.08 | 0.2 |
| COP10.6 | 1160 | 1000 | 590 | 80 | 0.16 | 0.4 |
| COP10.9 | 1160 | 1000 | 890 | 80 | 0.24 | 0.6 |
| KS10.9a | 1160 | 1000 | 890 | 80 | 0.22 | 0.55 |
| COP13.6 | 1410 | 1250 | 590 | 80 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
| KS13.9a | 1410 | 1250 | 890 | 80 | 0.28 | 0.7 |
| KS13.9b | 1410 | 1250 | 890 | 80 | 0.24 | 0.6 |
| COP15.18 | 1680 | 1500 | 1790 | 90 | 0.804 | 2.01 |
| KS15.18a | 1680 | 1500 | 1790 | 90 | 0.75 | 1.88 |
| KS15.18b | 1680 | 1500 | 1790 | 90 | 0.72 | 1.8 |
| COP15.6 | 1680 | 1500 | 590 | 90 | 0.265 | 0.66 |
| KS15.6b | 1680 | 1500 | 590 | 90 | 0.22 | 0.55 |
| COP15.9 | 1680 | 1500 | 890 | 90 | 0.4 | 1 |
| KS15.9a | 1680 | 1500 | 890 | 90 | 0.35 | 0.88 |
| KS15.9b | 1680 | 1500 | 890 | 90 | 0.32 | 0.8 |
| KS20.12a | 2200 | 2000 | 1190 | 100 | 0.67 | 1.68 |
| KS20.12b | 2200 | 2000 | 1190 | 100 | 0.64 | 1.6 |
| KS20.18b | 2200 | 2000 | 1790 | 100 | 1.02 | 2.55 |
| COP20.6 | 2200 | 2000 | 590 | 100 | 0.39 | 0.98 |
| KS20.6b | 2200 | 2000 | 590 | 100 | 0.3 | 0.75 |
| COP20.9 | 2200 | 2000 | 890 | 100 | 0.59 | 1.48 |
| KS20.9b | 2200 | 2000 | 890 | 100 | 0.44 | 1.10 |
| KS25.12a | 2700 | 2500 | 1190 | 100 | 0.87 | 2.18 |
| KS25.12b | 2700 | 2500 | 1190 | 100 | 0.76 | 1.90 |
| COP25.6 | 2700 | 2500 | 590 | 100 | 0.48 | 1.2 |
| COP7.3 | 840 | 700 | 290 | 70 | 0.05 | 0.13 |
| COP7.9 | 840 | 700 | 890 | 70 | 0.15 | 0.38 |
| CC12.9 | 1410 | 1250 | 290 | 80 | 0.30 | 0.75 |
| CC25.12 | 2700 | 2500 | 1190 | 100 | 0.97 | 2.42 |
| PK-7S | 870 | 650-670 | 360 | 100-110 | 0.036 | 0.09 |
What else will be required? Additional elements
It should be noted that the installation of rings alone will not solve the problem of a quality water supply system. In order for the well to meet the requirements, installation of additional elements will be required. This is not a prerequisite, but compliance with this rule will help prevent sewage contamination of the system, increase the service life, and give the structure a finished look.
For this apply:
Bottom plates - provide a solid foundation.
Floor slabs - thanks to a narrow hole, a small-diameter ring is installed on top of such a slab, which is closed by a conventional sewer manhole cover.
Additional rings - products of a standard diameter, but of a smaller thickness. Such elements help to raise the height of the well to the desired level.
The use of such products provides the well with maximum tightness, prevents pipes from freezing in winter.
Covers for wells
| Name | Diameter Dн, mm | Diameter Din, mm | Thickness H, mm | Volume of concrete, cubic meters | Weight, tons |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1680 | 700 | 150 | 0.333 | 0.69 | |
| 2200 | 700 | 160 | 0.608 | 1.37 | |
| 2700 | 700 | 180 | 1.031 | 2.45 | |
| 2700 | 700 | 180 | 1.031 | 2.4 | |
| 1000 | 580 | 170 | 0.134 | 0.33 | |
| 1680 | 700 | 150 | 0.27 | 0.68 | |
| 1680 | 700 | 150 | 0.27 | 0.68 | |
| 2200 | 700 | 160 | 0.51 | 1.38 | |
| 2200 | 700 | 160 | 0.51 | 1.38 | |
| 1680 | 700 | 150 | 0.333 | 0.69 | |
| 2200 | 1000 | 160 | 0.608 | 1.2 | |
| 2200 | 1000 | 160 | 0.45 | 1.2 | |
| 2700 | 700 | 180 | 1.031 | 2.4 | |
| 2700 | 700 | 180 | 1.031 | 2.31 | |
| 1000 | 800 | 170 | 0.134 | 0.33 | |
| 1680 | 700 | 150 | 0.27 | 0.68 | |
| 1680 | 700 | 150 | 0.27 | 0.68 | |
| 2200 | 1000 | 160 | 0.45 | 1.2 | |
| 1680 | 1000 | 150 | 0.333 | 0.54 | |
| 1680 | 1000 | 150 | 0.21 | 0.53 | |
| 1680 | 1000 | 150 | 0.21 | 0.53 | |
| 2200 | 700 | 160 | 0.608 | 1.34 | |
| 2200 | 700 | 160 | 0.608 | 1.28 | |
| 2200 | 700 | 160 | 0.51 | 1.28 | |
| 2700 | 700 | 180 | 0.92 | 2.31 | |
| 2700 | 700 | 180 | 0.96 | 2.40 | |
| 1720 | 700 | 140 | 0.27 | 0.68 | |
| 2240 | 700 | 160 | 0.57 | 1.43 | |
| 2740 | 700 | 180 | 0.99 | 2.48 | |
| 1000 | 400 | 170 | 0.06 | 0.15 | |
| 1200 | 700 | 120 | 0.09 | 0.225 | |
| 1450 | 700 | 140 | 0.18 | 0.45 | |
| 1720 | 700 | 140 | 0.27 | 0.68 | |
| 1720 | 1000 | 140 | 0.21 | 0.52 | |
| 2240 | 700 | 160 | 0.54 | 1.35 | |
| 2240 | 1000 | 160 | 0.5 | 1.25 | |
| 2740 | 700 | 180 | 0.96 | 2.4 | |
| 2740 | 1500 | 180 | 0.74 | 1.85 | |
| 1000 | 400 | 170 | 0.06 | 0.15 | |
| 1000 | 580 | 170 | 0.08 | 0.19 | |
| 1160 | 700 | 150 | 0.159 | 0.25 | |
| 1410 | 700 | 150 | 0.234 | 0.44 | |
| 1160 | 700 | 150 | 0.1 | 0.25 | |
| 1160 | 700 | 150 | 0.1 | 0.25 | |
| 1410 | 700 | 150 | 0.18 | 0.45 | |
| 1410 | 700 | 150 | 0.18 | 0.45 |
bottom plates
Mounting process
In order for the well to meet the established requirements, the installation of the structure must be carried out in accordance with all the rules. Here you need to follow the well-known procedure:
Location selection
Water wells and drainage systems are not built close to residential buildings. Average distance from home - approx. 5 meters. There should be no groundwater in the chosen place, otherwise you will have to bear additional costs for sealing. In addition, special equipment must be free to drive up to the installation site.
foundation pit
For digging a pit, it is better to hire equipment: the depth of the pit should be equal to the height of two rings. Digging such a pit by hand will be very problematic. At the bottom of the pit, a drainage cushion is laid from layers of sand and gravel, with a thickness of at least 50 cm.
Rings
For the lower tier, a ring with a blank bottom is ideal, if the product is through, the bottom plate is laid first. The elements are installed on top of each other using a truck crane, the joint is smeared with mortar. If the well is mounted on moving ground, the joint can be reinforced with metal brackets.
After installing the rings, communications are brought to the well, the necessary connections are made, the foundation pit is filled up, the rings are covered with an upper slab, and sewer manholes are installed.
Which manufacturer do you prefer?
Concrete rings for wells produces about 250 companies located throughout Russia. Consider 5 verified manufacturers.
LLC "MasterStroy". The company is located in Voskresensk near Moscow, specializes in the sale of bulk and bulk cement, is engaged in the manufacture of pressure pipes and reinforced concrete rings.
JSC "Plant of industrial construction details". The company is known in the construction market for more than 45 years, is one of the largest producers of reinforced concrete products in the Tyumen region. The company has its own construction laboratory (accredited), which controls the quality of products.
Vira Trading Company LLC. The production line of the enterprise is located in St. Petersburg. The company is engaged in the manufacture of reinforced concrete rings and non-pressure pipes. All products undergo multi-stage quality control.
OOO "Monolith Stroy". The company is located in the Moscow region, is engaged in the manufacture and sale of reinforced concrete products with 2007. The product range includes bridge and composite piles, FBS, wall rings, bottom plates and manhole covers.
LLC "GazoBloki". This is a Voronezh company engaged in the production of ready-mixed concrete, silicate and facing bricks, concrete rings and additional elements for them.
It should be clarified that these are far from the only suppliers of the Russian region. The above companies strictly monitor the quality of their products, work directly with suppliers of raw materials, and comply with GOST standards.