Types of 20 basic level assignments. Every second a bacterium divides into two new bacteria. Oil company drilling a well to extract oil

Problem with the teacher.
We need to be attentive to teachers not only when we study at school, but also when we enter adulthood.
Andrey Dementiev's lines are immortal:
Don't you dare forget the teachers!
They care about you and remember
And in the silence of thoughtful rooms
Looking forward to your return and news.

The problem of recognition of talent.
I believe that we should be more attentive to talented people.
On this occasion, V. G. Belinsky very accurately expressed himself: “A true and strong talent will not be killed by the severity of criticism, just as its greetings will not slightly raise it”
Let us recall A. S. Pushkin, I. A. Bunin, A. I. Solzhenitsyn, whose genius was recognized too late. Through the centuries it is hard to realize that the brilliant poet A. S. Pushkin died in a duel very young. And the society surrounding him is to blame for this. How many great works could we still read if not for the villainous bullet of Dantes.

The problem of language destruction.
I am deeply convinced that the improvement of the language should lead to its enrichment, not degradation.
The words of I. S. Turgenev, the great master of literature, are eternal: "Take care of the purity of the language, as a shrine."
We must learn to love our native language, the ability to perceive it as an invaluable gift from the great classics: A. S. Pushkin, M. Yu. Lermontov, I. A. Bunin, L. N. Tolstoy, N. V. Gogol.
And I would like to believe that our literacy, the ability to read with love and perceive the best works of world classics will prevent the degradation of the Russian language.

The problem of creative search.
It is important for every writer to find his reader.
Vladimir Mayakovsky wrote:
Poetry is the same extraction of radium:
A gram of production, a year of labor.
Issuing a single word for the sake of
A thousand words of verbal ore.
Life itself helps the writer solve the problems of creativity.
The life of S. A. Yesenin was multifaceted, fruitful.
Writer, director, actor V. M. Shukshin achieved recognition thanks to hard creative work.

The problem of saving the family.
I believe that the main function of the family is the continuation of the human race, based on proper education.
A. S. Makarenko very accurately expressed himself on this occasion: “If you gave birth to a child, it means that for many years to come you gave him all the tension of your thoughts, all your attention and all your will.”
I admire the family relations of the Rostovs, the heroes of Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace. Parents and children are one unit here. This unity helped to survive in difficult conditions, to become useful to society, to the Motherland.
It is my deep conviction that the development of mankind begins with a full-fledged family.

The problem of recognition of classical literature.
A certain reading culture is necessary for the recognition of classical literature.
Maxim Gorky wrote: “Real life is not much different from a good fantasy tale, if we consider it from the inside, from the side of desires and motives that guide a person in his activity.”
World classics have come a thorny path of recognition. And the real reader is pleased that the works of W. Shakespeare, A. S. Pushkin, D. Defoe, F. M. Dostoevsky, A. I. Solzhenitsyn, A. Dumas, M. Twain, M. A. Sholokhov, Hemingway and many other writers make up the "Golden" fund of world literature.
I believe that there should be a line between political correctness and literature.

The problem of creating children's literature.
In my opinion, children's literature becomes understandable only if it was created by a real master.
Maxim Gorky wrote: "We need a fun, funny book that develops a sense of humor in a child."
Children's literature leaves an indelible mark on the life of every person. The works of A. Barto, S. Mikhalkov, S. Marshak, V. Bianchi, M. Prishvin, A. Lindgren, R. Kipling made each of us rejoice, worry, admire.
Thus, children's literature is the first stage of contact with the Russian language.

Book saving problem.
For a spiritually developed person, the very essence of reading is important, in whatever form it is present.
This is the point of view of Academician D.S. Likhacheva: "... try to choose a book to your liking, take a break from everything in the world for a while, sit comfortably with a book and you will understand that there are many books you cannot live without..."
The value of the book will not be lost if it is presented in an electronic version, as modern writers do. This saves time and makes any work accessible to many people.
Thus, each of us needs to learn how to read correctly and learn how to use the book.

Faith education problem.
I believe that faith in a person should be brought up from childhood.
I was deeply touched by the words of the scientist, spiritual figure Alexander Men, who said that a person needs faith "... in the Highest, in the Ideal."
We start believing in goodness from childhood. How much light, warmth, positive tales of A. S. Pushkin, Bazhov, Ershov give us.
The text I read made me think that the sprouts of faith that appeared in childhood multiply significantly in adulthood and help each of us to be more confident.

The problem of unity with nature.
We must understand that the fate of nature is our destiny.
The poet Vasily Fedorov wrote:
To save myself and the world,
We need, without wasting years,
Forget all cults
And enter
Infallible
Cult of nature.
The famous Russian writer V.P. Astafiev in his work “Tsar-Fish” contrasts two heroes: Akim, who disinterestedly loves nature, and Gogu Gertsev, who predatorily destroys it. And nature takes revenge: Goga absurdly ends his life. Astafiev convinces the reader that retribution for an immoral attitude towards nature is inevitable.
I would like to finish with the words of R. Tagore: “I came to your shore as a stranger; I lived in your house as a guest; I leave you as a friend, O my Earth.

Problem with animals.
Yes, indeed, God's creature has a soul, and sometimes it understands better than a man.
I have loved since childhood the story of Gavriil Troepolsky "White Bim Black Ear". I admire the friendship between the Owner and the dog, which remained faithful until the end of his life. Sometimes you don't get that kind of friendship.
Kindness and humanity emanates from the pages of Antoine Saint-Exupery's fairy tale "The Little Prince". He expressed his main idea with a phrase that has become almost a slogan: "We are responsible for those we have tamed."

The problem of artistic beauty.
In my opinion, artistic beauty is beauty that pierces the heart.
Favorite corner that inspired M.Yu. Lermontov to create real masterpieces of art and literature, was the Caucasus. In the bosom of picturesque nature, the poet felt inspired, inspired.
“I greet you, a deserted corner, a haven of tranquility, work and inspiration,” A.S. Pushkin wrote with love about Mikhailovsky.
Thus, artistic, invisible beauty is the destiny of creative people.

The problem of attitude to their homeland.
A country becomes great thanks to the people living in it.
Academician D.S. Likhachev wrote: "Love for the motherland gives meaning to life, turning life from vegetation into a meaningful existence."
The homeland in a person's life is the most sacred. It is about her that they first of all think in unimaginably difficult situations. During the years of the Crimean War, Admiral Nakhimov, defending Sevastopol, died heroically. He bequeathed to the soldiers to defend the city until the last second.
Let's do what depends on us. And let our descendants say about us: "They loved Russia."

What does our trouble teach us?
Compassion, sympathy is the result of awareness of one's misfortunes.
The words of Eduard Asadov make an indelible impression on me:
And if trouble breaks out somewhere,
I ask you: with my heart never,
Never turn to stone...
The misfortune that befell Andrei Sokolov, the hero of M. A. Sholokhov's story "The Fate of a Man", did not kill the best human qualities in him. After the loss of all his loved ones, he did not remain indifferent to the fate of the little orphan Vanyushka.
The text by M. M. Prishvin made me think deeply about the fact that no trouble is someone else's.

The problem with the book.
I think that every book is interesting in its own way.
“Love the book. It will make your life easier, it will help you in a friendly way to sort out the motley and stormy confusion of thoughts, feelings, events, it will teach you to respect the person and yourself, it inspires the mind and heart with a feeling of love for the world, for the person, ”said Maxim Gorky.
Episodes from the biography of Vasily Makarovich Shukshin are very interesting. Due to difficult living conditions, only in his youth, during his admission to VGIK, he was able to get acquainted with the works of the great classics. It was the book that helped him become a wonderful writer, talented actor, director, screenwriter.
The text has already been read, put aside, and I continue to think about what to do so that we meet only good books.

The problem of media influence.
I am deeply convinced that modern media should instill moral and aesthetic flair in people.
D.S. Likhachev wrote about this: “You need to develop intellectual flexibility in yourself in order to understand achievements and be able to separate the fake from the genuinely valuable.”
I recently read in one of the newspapers that in the 1960s and 1970s the popular magazines Moskva, Znamya, Roman-gazeta published the best works of young writers and poets. These magazines were loved by many, because they helped to live for real, to support each other.
So let's learn how to choose useful newspapers and magazines from which you can extract deep meaning.

Communication problem.
In my opinion, every person should strive for sincere communication.
As the poet Andrei Voznesensky well said about this:


The essence of real communication is to give the warmth of your soul to people.
Matryona, the heroine of A. I. Solzhenitsyn's story "Matryonin Dvor", lives according to the laws of goodness, forgiveness, love. She “is the same righteous man, without whom, according to the proverb, the village does not stand. Neither city. Not all our land."
The text has already been read, put aside, and I continue to think about how important it is for each of us to understand the essence of human relationships.

The problem of admiring the beauty of nature.
In my opinion, the beauty of nature is difficult to explain, it can only be felt.
The wonderful lines from the poem by Rasul Gamzatov echo the text of V. Rasputin:
There is no falsehood in the songs of clouds and waters,
Trees, herbs and every creature of God,
Everything in the world sings with its voice,
Unlike other voices.
The name of the “singer of nature” was firmly entrenched in M. M. Prishvin .. Eternal pictures of nature, magnificent landscapes of our vast country are drawn in his works. He expounded his philosophical visions of nature in his diary "The Road to a Friend".
V. Rasputin's text helped me to realize more deeply that while the sun drinks the dew, while the fish goes to spawn, and the bird builds a nest, the hope is alive in a person that tomorrow will definitely come and, maybe, it will be better than today.

The problem of insecurity in everyday life.
In my opinion, only stability and solidity will help to be confident in "tomorrow".
I would like to emphasize T. Protasenko's thoughts with the words of Eduard Asadov:
Our life is like a narrow light of a flashlight.
And from the ray to the left and to the right -
Darkness: millions of silent years...
Everything that was before us and will come after,
It is not given to us to see, right.
Once Shakespeare through the mouth of Hamlet said: "Time has dislocated the joint."
After reading the passage, I realized that it is we ourselves who will have to set the “dislocated joints” of our time. A complex and difficult process.
The problem of the meaning of life.
I am deeply convinced that a person, engaging in any kind of activity, must be aware of why he is doing it.
A.P. Chekhov wrote: “Deeds are determined by their goals: that deed is called great, which has a great goal.”
An example of a person who sought to live his life with benefit is Pierre Bezukhov, the hero of L. N. Tolstoy's epic novel War and Peace. It is he who is vividly characterized by Tolstoy's words: “To live honestly, one must be torn, confused, rushing about. Make mistakes. Start and quit again, and forever fight and rush about. And peace is spiritual meanness.
Thus, Yu. M. Lotman helped me to realize even more deeply that each of us should have a main goal in life.

The problem of the complexity of literary work.
In my opinion, it is in the skill of the writer to convey to every person the secrets of his native and foreign languages ​​that his talent is manifested.
Eduard Asadov expressed his thoughts about the complexity of literary work: “I try to comprehend myself day and night ...”.
I recall that the brilliant Russian poets A. S. Pushkin and M. Yu. Lermontov were wonderful translators.
The text has already been read, put aside, and I continue to reflect on the fact that we should be grateful to those who open up the boundless spaces of languages ​​for us.

The problem of the immortality of the individual.
I am deeply convinced that brilliant personalities remain immortal.
A. S. Pushkin dedicated his lines to V. A. Zhukovsky:
His poetry captivating sweetness
Centuries of envious distance will pass ...
Immortal are the names of people who dedicated their lives to Russia. These are Alexander Nevsky, Dmitry Donskoy, Kuzma Minin, Dmitry Pozharsky, Peter 1, Kutuzov, Suvorov, Ushakov, K. G. Zhukov.
I would like to end with the words of Alexander Blok:
Oh, I want to live crazy
All that exists is to perpetuate,
Impersonal - to humanize,
Unfulfilled - to embody!
The problem of fidelity to this word.
A decent person must be honest, first of all, in relation to himself.
Leonid Panteleev has a story "Honest Word". The author tells us a story about a boy who gave his word of honor to stand on watch until the changing of the guard. This child had a strong will and a strong word.
“There is nothing stronger than a word,” Meander said.

The problem of the role of books in human life.
Finding a good book is always a joy.
Chingiz Aitmatov: “Goodness in a person must be cultivated, this is the common duty of all people, all generations. This is the task of literature and art.
Maxim Gorky said: “Love the book. It will make your life easier, it will help you in a friendly way to sort out the motley and stormy confusion of thoughts, feelings, events, it will teach you to respect the person and yourself, it inspires the mind and heart with a feeling of love for the world, for the person.

The problem of spiritual development of personality.
In our opinion, every person should develop spiritually. D. S. Likhachev wrote "" In addition to large "temporary" personal goals, each person should have one big personal goal ... "
In the work of A. S. Griboyedov “Woe from Wit”, Chatsky is an example of a spiritually developed personality. Petty interests, empty secular life disgusted him. Hobbies, his intellect were much higher than the surrounding society.

The problem of attitude to television programs.
I find it very difficult nowadays to choose the most useful from hundreds of shows to watch.
In the book “Native Land”, D.S. Likhachev wrote about watching television programs: “..spend your time on what is worthy of this waste. Look with a choice."
The most interesting, informative, moral programs, in my opinion, are “Wait for me”, “Clever and clever”, “Vesti”, “Big races”. These programs teach me to sympathize with people, learn a lot of new things, worry about my country and be proud of it.

The problem of chivalry.
In my opinion, obsequiousness and flattery have not yet been eliminated in our society.
In the work of A.P. Chekhov "Chameleon", the police chief changed his behavior depending on who he communicated with: he bowed to the official and humiliated the worker.
In the work of N.V. Gogol "The Inspector General", the entire elite, together with the mayor, tries to please the auditor, but when it turns out that Khlestakov is not who he claims to be, all noble people freeze in a silent scene.

Alphabet distortion problem.
I believe that unnecessary distortion of the written form leads to a violation of the functioning of the language.
Even in ancient times, Cyril and Methodius created the alphabet. On May 24, Russia celebrates the day of Slavic writing. This speaks of the pride of our people for the Russian letter.

The problem of education.
In my opinion, the benefits of education are judged by the final results.
“Learning is light, and ignorance is darkness,” says a Russian folk proverb.
The politician N. I. Pirogov said: “Most of the most educated among us will rightly say no more than that teaching is only preparation for real life.”

The issue of honor.
In my opinion, the word "honor" has not lost its meaning even today.
D.S. Likhachev wrote: "Honor, decency, conscience - these are qualities that need to be cherished."
The story of the hero of the novel by A. S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" by Pyotr Grinev is a confirmation that a person is given the strength to live correctly by fulfilling his duty, the ability to protect his honor and dignity, respect himself and others, and preserve his spiritual human qualities.

The problem of the purpose of art.
I believe that art should have an aesthetic purpose.
V. V. Nabokov said: “What we call art, in essence, is nothing more than the picturesque truth of life, you need to be able to capture it, that’s all.”
The great creations of real artists are recognized all over the world. No wonder the paintings of Russian artists Levitan and Kuindzhi are exhibited in the Louvre Museum of Art in Paris.

The problem of changing the Russian language.
In my opinion, the role of the Russian language depends on us.
“In front of you is a mass - the Russian language. Deep pleasure is calling you. The pleasure will plunge into all its immensity and feel its wonderful laws ... ”, - wrote N.V. Gogol.
“Take care of our language, our beautiful Russian language, this is a treasure, this is a property handed down to us by our predecessors, among whom again Pushkin shines! Treat this mighty weapon with respect; in the hands of the skilful, it is able to perform miracles ... Take care of the purity of the language, like a shrine! - I. S. Turgenev called.

The problem of human responsiveness.
Reading this text, remember your own examples.
Once upon a time, an unfamiliar woman helped me and my parents find the right address in the city of Belgorod, although she was in a hurry to go about her business. And her words stuck in my memory: “In our age, we just help each other, otherwise we will turn into animals.”
The heroes of the work of A.P. Gaidar "Timur and his team" are immortal. The guys who selflessly provide help help to form a moral and aesthetic sense. The main thing is to cultivate a bright soul in yourself, a desire to help people and understand who to be in this life.

The problem of remembering native places.
Sergei Yesenin has wonderful lines:
Low house with blue shutters
I will never forget you,
Were too recent
Resounding into the dusk of the year.
I. S. Turgenev spent the last years of his life abroad. He died in the French city of Bougeval in 1883. Before his death, the seriously ill writer turned to his friend Yakov Polonsky: “When you are in Spassky, bow from me to the house, the garden, my young oak, the homeland, which I will probably never see again.
The text I read helped me to realize more deeply what is dearer than my native places, my homeland, and a lot has been invested in this concept, nothing can be.

The problem of conscience.
I believe that the most important decoration of a person is a clear conscience.
“Honor, decency, conscience are qualities that need to be cherished,” wrote D. S. Likhachev.
Vasily Makarovich Shukshin has a film story "Kalina Krasnaya". The protagonist Egor Prokudin, a former criminal, cannot forgive himself in his heart for bringing a lot of grief to his mother. When meeting with an elderly woman, he cannot admit that he is her son.
The read text made me think deeply about the fact that no matter what situations we find ourselves in, we must not lose our human face and dignity.

The problem of individual freedom and responsibility to society.
Everyone should be aware of their responsibility to society. This is confirmed by the lines written by Y. Trifonov: “A reflection of history lies on every person. It scorches some with a bright, hot and menacing light, on others it is barely noticeable, a little flickering, but it exists on everyone.
Academician D.S. Likhachev said: “If a person lives to bring good to people, to ease their suffering in case of illness, to give people joy, then he evaluates himself at the level of his humanity”
Chingiz Aitmatov said about freedom: “The freedom of the individual and society is the most important unchanging goal and the most important meaning of being, and there can be nothing more important in historical terms, this is the most important progress, and therefore the welfare of the state”

The problem of patriotism
“Love for the Motherland gives the meaning of life, turning life from vegetation into a meaningful existence,” wrote D. S. Likhachev.
The exploits of the older generation during the Great Patriotic War confirm that the Motherland in a person's life is the most sacred. One cannot remain indifferent when reading Boris Lvovich Vasiliev's story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet .." about young anti-aircraft gunners who died defending their native land from the enemy.
A real soldier who selflessly loves his homeland is Nikolai Pluzhnikov, the hero of Boris Vasiliev's story "He was not on the lists." Until the last minute of his life, he defended the Brest Fortress from the Nazis.
“A person cannot live without a Motherland, just as one cannot live without a heart,” wrote K. G. Paustovsky.

The problem of choosing a profession.
V. G. Belinsky is the author of the lines: “Finding your own way, finding your place - this is everything for a person, this will become himself for him.”
Only then will a person be passionate about his work, if he does not make a mistake in choosing a profession. D. S. Likhachev wrote: “You have to be passionate about your profession, your business, those people who you directly help (this is especially necessary for a teacher and a doctor), and those to whom you bring help “from a distance”, without seeing them.”

The role of mercy in human life.
Russian poet G. R. Derzhavin said:
Who does not harm and does not offend,
And does not repay evil for evil:
The sons of their sons will see
And every good thing in life.
And F. M. Dostoevsky owns the following lines: “Not accepting a world in which at least one tear of a child is shed”

The problem of cruelty and humanism towards animals.
Kindness and humanity emanates from the pages of Antoine Saint-Exupery's fairy tale "The Little Prince". He expressed his main idea with a phrase that has become almost a slogan: “We are responsible for those we have tamed.”
Chingiz Aitmatov's novel "The Scaffold" warns us about the universal misfortune. The main characters of the novel, wolves, Akbara and Tashchainar, perish through the fault of man. All nature perished in their face. Therefore, people are waiting for the inevitable scaffold.
The read text made me think about the fact that we should learn devotion, understanding, love from animals.

The problem of the complexity of human relationships.
The great Russian writer L. N. Tolstoy wrote: “There is life only if you live for others.” In War and Peace, he reveals this idea, showing, using the example of Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov, what real life is.
And S. I. Ozhegov said: “Life is the activity of a person and society, in one or another of its manifestations.”

The relationship between fathers and children.
B.P. Pasternak said: “The violator of love for one’s neighbor is the first of people to betray himself ...”
Writer Anatoly Aleksin describes the conflict between generations in his story "The Division of Property". “Suiting your mother is the most superfluous thing on earth,” the judge says to a man-son who is suing his mother for property.
Each of us needs to learn to do good. Do not cause trouble, pain to loved ones.

Friendship issue.
V.P. Nekrasov wrote: “The most important thing in friendship is the ability to understand and forgive.”
A. S. Pushkin characterized true friendship as follows: “My friends, our union is beautiful! He, like a soul, is inseparable and eternal.

The problem of jealousy.
Jealousy is a feeling that is not controlled by the mind, forcing you to do thoughtless acts.
In M. A. Sholokhov’s novel “Quiet Flows the Don”, Stepan severely beats his wife Aksinya, who for the first time truly fell in love with Grigory Melekhov.
In Leo Tolstoy's novel Anna Karenina, her husband's jealousy leads Anna to suicide.
I think everyone should strive to be able to understand a loved one and find the courage to forgive him.

What is true love?
Wonderful lines from Marina Tsvetaeva:
Like right and left hand
Your soul is close to my soul.
K. D. Ryleev has a historical thought about Natalya Borisovna Dolgoruky, the daughter of Field Marshal Sheremetyev. She did not leave her fiancé, who had lost his will, titles, fortune, and followed him into exile. After the death of her husband, the twenty-eight-year-old beauty took her hair as a nun. She said: "In love there is a secret, sacred, it has no end."

The problem of perception of art.
The words of L. N. Tolstoy in art are true: “Art performs the work of memory: it selects the most vivid, exciting, significant from the stream and captures it in the crystals of books.”
And V. V. Nabokov said this: “What we call art, in essence, is nothing more than the picturesque truth of life; you have to be able to catch it, that's all."

The problem of intelligence.
D. S. Likhachev wrote: “... intelligence is equal to moral health, and health is necessary to live long, not only physical, but also mental.”
I consider the great writer AI Solzhenitsyn a truly intelligent person. He lived a difficult life, but until the end of his days he remained physically and morally healthy.

Nobility issue.
Bulat Okudzhava wrote:
Conscience, Nobility and Dignity - Here it is - our holy army.
Give him your hand, For him it's not scary even into the fire.
His face is high and amazing. Dedicate your short life to him.
You may not become a winner, but you will die like a man.
The greatness of morality and nobility are components of a feat. In the work of Boris Lvovich Vasilyev “He was not on the lists”, Nikolai Pluzhnikov remains a man in any situation: in a relationship with his beloved woman, under continuous German bombardment. This is true heroism.

beauty problem.
Nikolai Zabolotsky reflects on beauty in his poem “Ugly Girl”: “Is she a vessel in which emptiness or fire flickering in a vessel?”.
True beauty is spiritual beauty. L. N. Tolstoy convinces us of this, drawing in the novel "War and Peace" the images of Natasha Rostova Marya Bolkonskaya.

The problem of happiness.
Wonderful lines about happiness from the poet Eduard Asadov:
Seeing beauty in the ugly
See the rivers flowing in the streams!
Who knows how to be happy on weekdays,
He is indeed a happy man.
Academician D.S. Likhachev wrote: “Happiness is achieved by those who strive to make others happy and are able to forget about their interests, about themselves, at least for a while.”

Growing up problem.
When a person begins to realize his involvement in solving important life problems, he begins to grow up.
The words belonging to K. D. Ushinsky are true: “The goal in life is the core of human dignity and human happiness.”
And the poet Eduard Asadov said this:
If you grow up, then from the youth of Nastia,
After all, you mature not in years, but in deeds.
And everything that did not make it to thirty,
Then, you probably won't be able to.

The problem of education.
A. S. Makarenko wrote: “Our entire system of education is the implementation of the slogan about attention to a person. About attention not only to his interests, his needs, but also to his duty.
S. Ya. Marshak has the lines: “Let your mind be kind, and your heart be smart.”
The educator who has made his "heart smart" in relation to the pupil will achieve the desired result.

What is the meaning of human life
The famous Russian poet A. Voznesensky said:
The more we tear from the heart,
The more we have in our hearts.
The heroine of A. I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matryonin Dvor” lives according to the laws of goodness, forgiveness, and love. Matryona gives the warmth of her soul to people. She “is the same righteous man, without whom, according to the proverb, the village does not stand. Neither city. Not all our land."
The problem of learning.
Happy is the man who has a teacher in his life
For Altynai, the heroine of Chingiz Aitmatov's story "The First Teacher", Duishen was the teacher before whom "... in the most difficult moments of her life" she held an answer and "... did not dare to back down" in the face of difficulties.
The person for whom the profession of a teacher is a vocation is Lidia Mikhailovna V. Rasputina "French Lessons". It was she who became for her student the main person whom he remembered all his life.

The problem of the importance of work in human life.
In relation to work, the moral value of each of us is measured.
K. D. Ushinsky said: “Self-education, if it wants a person to be happy, should educate him not for happiness, but prepare him for the work of life.”
And the Russian proverb says: “Without labor, you can’t even take a fish out of the pond.”
According to V. A. Sukhomlinsky: “Labor is necessary for a person just like food, it must be regular, systematic.”

The problem of self-restraint.
Human needs must be limited. A person must be able to manage himself.
In "The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish" by A. S. Pushkin, the old woman lost everything that the Golden Fish helped her to acquire, because her desires exceeded the necessary limit.
A Russian folk proverb is true: "Better a titmouse in the hands than a crane in the sky."

The problem of indifference.
Unfortunately, many people live by the proverb: "My hut is on the edge - I don't know anything."
The rightness of the author is confirmed by the famous statement of Bruno Jasensky: "Be afraid of the indifferent - they do not kill, but only with their tacit consent does betrayal and murder exist on earth."

- V. Astafiev(morality in response to the question: why violent death? In the story "Belogrudka"The children killed the brood of the white-breasted marten, and she, distraught with grief, takes revenge on the whole world around her, destroying poultry in two neighboring villages, until she herself dies from a gun charge.)

The novels "Tsar-fish", "Last bow" (anxiety about the native land).

- S.A. Yesenin. Poems about nature. ("Birch", "Powder", "Dozed off golden stars. Feeling of the unity of man with the natural world, its plant animal nature)

- B. Vasiliev "Do not shoot white swans"(the protagonist Yegor Polushkin loves nature infinitely, always works conscientiously, lives quietly, but always turns out to be guilty. The reason for this is that Yegor could not disturb the harmony of nature, he was afraid to invade the living world. But people did not understand him, considered him not fit to life. He said that man is not the king of nature, but her eldest son. In the end, he dies at the hands of those who do not understand the beauty of nature, who are accustomed only to conquer it. But the son grows up. Who can replace his father, will respect and take care of your native land.

- Ch. Aitmatov "Scaffold"(a man destroys the colorful and populous world of nature with his own hands. The writer warns that the senseless extermination of animals is a threat to earthly prosperity. The position of the “king” in relation to animals is fraught with tragedy.

* In the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin", the main character could not find spiritual harmony, cope with the "Russian blues", including because he was indifferent to nature. And the author's "sweet ideal" Tatyana felt herself a part of nature ("She loved to warn dawn on the balcony...") and therefore manifested herself in a difficult life situation as a spiritually strong person.

* The rebellious, conflict-minded and eternal struggle lyrical hero of M.Yu. Lermontov finds harmony only by merging with nature: “I go out alone on the road; Through the mist the flinty path gleams; The night is quiet. The desert listens to God, And the star speaks to the star.

* F.I. Tyutchev wrote:

Not what you think, nature:

Not a cast, not a soulless face -

It has a soul, it has freedom,

It has love, it has a language...

* The well-known writer and publicist S. Zalygin writes that “nature once sheltered a man in his house, but he decided that he was the sole owner, and created his own supernatural house in the house of nature. And now he has no choice but to shelter nature in this house of his.”

* The Russian writer Y. Bondarev wrote: “Sometimes it seems to self-satisfied mankind that, like a universal commander, it has subjugated, conquered, curbed nature ... A person forgets that in a long war, victory is deceptive, and wise nature is too patient. But in due time everything comes to an end. Nature menacingly raises a punishing sword.

* Ch. Aitmatov in the novel "The Scaffold" showed that the destruction of the natural world leads to a dangerous deformation of man. And it happens everywhere. What is happening in the Moyunkum savanna is a global problem, not a local one.

The problem of a person's attitude to the landscape, to the external appearance of his native places, to his small homeland with its natural world

* Our great-grandfathers worshiped the Sun, Rain, Wind. Each tree, each blade of grass, flower meant something special and unique. Our ancestors believed in the harmony of Mother Nature and were happy. We have lost this faith. Our generation is indebted to our children and grandchildren. V. Fedorov wrote:

To save myself and the world,

We need, without wasting years,

Forget all cults and enter

An infallible cult of nature.

* I was struck by the story told by the famous writer Y. Bondarev about a cut down birch tree, which, dying, groaned painfully from death pain, like a person.

* The well-known modern publicist V. Belov wrote that a meeting with a small homeland, with those places where childhood was spent, brings a person a feeling of joy and happiness. The author recalled his childhood, believing that it is the past in his native village that does not allow him to grow old, heals the soul with its green silence.

* The secret of comprehension of beauty, according to the famous publicist V. Soloukhin, lies in admiring life and nature. The beauty poured into the world will enrich us spiritually if we learn to contemplate it. The author is sure that it is necessary to stop in front of her, "without thinking about time", only then she "will invite you to interlocutors."

* The great Russian writer K. Paustovsky wrote that “you need to immerse yourself in nature, as if you plunged your face into a pile of leaves wet from the rain and felt their luxurious coolness, their smell, their breath. Simply put, nature must be loved, and this love will find the right ways to express itself with the greatest power.

* A modern publicist, writer Y. Gribov argued that "beauty lives in the heart of every person and it is very important to wake her up, not let her die without waking up."friendship

Do not take care of clothes - it will break, do not keep friendship - break off Tuvan proverb

A cowardly friend is more dangerous than an enemy, because you fear the enemy, but you hope for a friend Russian proverb

A friend in need is a friend indeed. Russian proverb

Human needs human,

To open up the soul in communication

And take in the light of your treasures.

Human needs human. N.KonoplyovaHistory

By learning the old, you learn the new Japanese proverb

If you shoot at the past with a pistol, then the future will shoot at you with a cannon Eastern Proverb

2. The problem of preserving historical memory . The epigraph to this topic could be the words of the academicianD.S. Likhachev : "Memory is active. It does not leave a person indifferent, inactive. It owns the mind and heart of a person. Memory resists the destructive power of time. This is the greatest meaning of memory."The theme of those who were innocently repressed and tortured during the years of Stalinist terror sounds particularly prominent. People need to know the truth, no matter how cruel it may be. The revival of our history is painful. In the story “A golden cloud spent the night” by A. Pristavkin, the writer seeks to convey with the utmost certainty the atmosphere that prevailed in our country during the years of repression. Even the air was poisoned by general suspicion and fear, when for one careless word a person was thrown into prison, declared an "enemy of the people", his family was destroyed. He carefully examines the influence of the situation on people, their psychology, trying to find an answer to the question of what happened to us after all. Today, the education of memory is no less important for us. We all run from life, without looking back, in a hurry. And we do not notice how our personal history goes further and further. How many of us know our ancestry? Many cannot even name a grandfather. And they immediately ask a surprised question: “Why is this necessary? What are we, princes? Is it really only the princes that Russia is glorious for? After all, there were also hero soldiers, and masters - golden hands, and just honest people! From here, from this ignorance, come all the main troubles of our society.

* K. Balmont wrote:

You can leave everything cherished, you can stop loving everything without a trace,

But you can not cool down to the past But you can not forget about the past.

* In the story "Farewell to Matyora" V. Rasputin talks about a small village standing in the middle of the mighty Siberian river Angara. According to the plan, the island should be flooded. It seems to the locals that "the light has broken in half." The author painfully shows that with the loss of roots, traditions, the irreparable can happen - the spill of lack of spirituality, the shallowing of morality and the loss of humanity.

The arrogant footman Yasha from A. Chekhov's play The Cherry Orchard does not remember his mother and dreams of leaving for Paris as soon as possible. He is the living embodiment of unconsciousness.

Ch. Aitmatov in the novel "Stormy Station" tells the legend of the mankurts. Mankurts are people forcibly deprived of memory. One of them kills his mother, who tried to wrest her son from the captivity of unconsciousness. And over the steppe sounds her desperate cry: “Remember your name!”

- Bazarov, who is dismissive of the "old men", denies their moral principles, dies from a trifling scratch. And this dramatic finale shows the lifelessness of those who have broken away from the "soil", from the traditions of their people. – Futurists – rejection of the past

6. The problem of disrespectful attitude of youth towards old age and old people. Loneliness problem.

V. Rasputin "Deadline". Children who came from the city gathered at the bedside of their dying mother. Before death, the mother seems to go to the place of judgment. She sees that there is no previous mutual understanding between her and the children, the children are disunited, they have forgotten about the lessons of morality received in childhood. Anna leaves life, difficult and simple, with dignity, and her children still live and live. The story ends tragically. Hurrying about some business, the children leave their mother to die alone. Unable to bear such a terrible blow, she dies that same night. Rasputin reproaches the children of the collective farmer for insincerity, moral coldness, forgetfulness and vanity.

The story of K. G. Paustovsky "Telegram" is not a banal story about a lonely old woman and an inattentive daughter. Paustovsky shows that Nastya is not soulless: she sympathizes with Timofeev, spends a lot of time organizing his exhibition. How could it happen that Nastya, who cares about others, shows inattention to her own mother? It turns out that it’s one thing to get carried away with work, to do it with all your heart, to give it all your strength, physical and mental, and another to remember your loved ones, your mother, the most holy creature in the world, not limited only to money transfers and short notes. Nastya failed to achieve harmony between caring for the "distant" and love for the closest person. This is the tragedy of her situation, this is the reason for the feeling of irreparable guilt, unbearable heaviness that visits her after the death of her mother and which will settle in her soul forever.

3. The problem of assessing talent by contemporaries . M. Bulgakov. (The fate of the Master and his novel), misunderstanding of creativity by contemporaries,Vysotsky's songs, not officially recognized, distributed in the form of amateur recordings, performed by the author at semi-legal concerts and just at parties, "went to the people", became known throughout the country, were disassembled into quotes, individual phrases turned into proverbs.

4., the problem of the Russian character. In the center of stories, short stories, novels, poems of many Russian writers and poets is the problem of the Russian national character. In the works of B. Polevoy "The Tale of a Real Man", B. Vasiliev "The Dawns Here Are Quiet", M. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man", V, Rasputin "Fire", A. Solzhenitsyn "Matrenin Dvor" In search of the Russian national character Solzhenitsyn looks into "the most interior Russia" and finds a person who perfectly preserves himself in the inhuman conditions of reality - Matryona Vasilievna Grigorieva. According to Solzhenitsyn, independence, openness, sincerity, goodwill towards people are natural for the national character. She "couldn't refuse" anyone. At the same time, she did not even feel a hint of envy if she saw abundance in others, she was sincerely happy for people, she understood the uselessness of material wealth. She considered all this nonsense and did not approve. People were stupid who did not understand the true value of life and argued over the hut of the deceased Matryona)

Work

If you want to eat kalachi, don't sit on the stove. Russian proverb

Whoever has a light in his chest, everything is burning in his hands Russian proverb

The most difficult courage is the courage of everyday, many years of work. V.A. Sukhomlinsky

Labor feeds a person, but laziness spoils. Russian proverb

customs

In what people you live, keep that custom. Russian proverb

Problem of drug addiction.

Drug use (like alcohol once) has become a virtually ubiquitous problem.
Aitmatov was one of the first to raise this topic in fiction.
Indeed, Ch. Aitmatov was the first to openly say that there is drug addiction, it is gaining strength. And you and I must know the nature of this phenomenon, the ways of distribution, the possibilities of struggle.

The problem of drug addiction in Russia: statistical data

Every year, 70,000 Russians die from drugs.b) Growth dynamics
Parents of drug addicts are very hard to bear the disease of their children. For parents, this is a great grief, severe stress, shame, shame, huge expenses. Because of this, the parents of drug addicts also do not live out their lives and die prematurely from diseases.
In addition, many drug addicts contribute to the spread of drug addiction among their friends, who also become suicide bombers.
Secondly, the destruction of the population occurs without killings, without blood and violence. There is no need to waste time, money and labor on a neutron bomb and military operations. Everything will be done by drug addicts with their own hands .

The problem of love for the motherland

IN . G. Rasputin "French Lessons" (1973), "Live and Remember" (1974), "Farewell to Mother" (1976) history, in respectful preservation in memory will accept their small homeland, in a sense of responsibility for the past, present and future of their land. The writer rightly believes that a Russian person sees the highest meaning of his life in serving the Fatherland. It is very important for everyone to feel that they are not a random person on Earth, but a successor and continuation of their people. In the story "Farewell to Matyora", a vivid embodiment of the national character is the image of Daria, who surpasses her fellow villagers with her strength of mind, firmness of character, independence, she stands out among her mother's old women "with her strict and fair character", primarily because she managed to keep in herself those qualities that were characteristic of her ancestors. This appeal of the heroine to the experience of the past testifies to the precious sense of kind given to her, the feeling that only "in a small fraction lives now on earth."

The son cannot look calmly

On the mother's mountain,

There will be no worthy citizen

To the fatherland cold soul. N.A. Nekrasov

While we burn with freedom

As long as hearts are alive for honor,

My friend, we will dedicate to the Fatherland

Souls are wonderful impulses. A.S. Pushkin

If every man on a piece of his land would do everything he can, how beautiful our land would be.

A.P. Chekhov

A person is first of all a son of his country, a citizen of his fatherland V. G. Belinsky

Without a sense of one's country - especially, very dear and sweet in every little thing - there is no real human character. K.G. Paustovsky

Russia cannot be understood with the mind,

Do not measure with a common yardstick:

She has a special become -

One can only believe in Russia. F.I. Tyutchev

Man cannot live without his homeland

The outstanding Russian singer Fyodor Chaliapin, who was forced to leave Russia, always carried some kind of box with him. Nobody knew what was in it. Only many years later, relatives learned that Chaliapin kept a handful of his native land in this box. It is not for nothing that they say: the native land is sweet in a handful. Obviously, the great singer, who passionately loved his homeland, needed to feel the closeness and warmth of his native land.

Leo Tolstoy in his novel "War and Peace" reveals the "military secret" - the reason. which helped Russia in the Patriotic War of 1812 to defeat the hordes of French invaders. If in other countries Napoleon fought against the armies, then in Russia he was opposed by the whole people. People of different classes, different ranks, different nationalities rallied in the struggle against a common enemy, and no one can cope with such a powerful force.

The great Russian writer I. Turgenev called himself Antey, because it was love for the motherland that gave him moral strength.

7. The problem of choosing a profession . Freedom of choice and meaningful pursuit of one's calling is one of the newest privileges of mankind, the choice is influenced by many factors (the opinion of parents and friends, social status, the state of the labor market, His Majesty the occasion), but the last word usually remains with us. Dmitry Kharatyan, for example, who did not think about an acting career, was called to a screen test by a girl friend. And of all the contenders, it was Kharatyan that director Vladimir Menshov chose for the main role in the film "Joke". Conclusion The choice of a profession is as important for a young person as food, rest, sleep, etc. Taking a step towards a profession suitable for himself, a young man rises to a new step in his life. His whole life depends on his choice. And there is nothing wrong with the fact that a young man has chosen a profession that is not suitable for himself. You can fix anything in life if you try. But if a person from the first time chooses a profession that suits him and enters a university, and then works in his own special way, then a person’s life can be considered successful.
And most importantly, never lose heart. There is always a way out of any situation. The main thing is to believe and know that it does not depend on success at school whether you will be successful or not, but on the person himself. Therefore, if you did not study well at school, do not think that nothing good will come of you in life. If you want, you can achieve more than your classmates who studied only for fives.

Russian language

Take care of our language, our beautiful Russian language, this treasure, this property handed down to us by our predecessors, among whom again Pushkin shines! Treat this mighty tool with respect: in the hands of the skilled, it is able to perform miracles ... Take care of the purity of the language, like a shrine!

I.S. Turgenev

You can do wonders with the Russian language. There is nothing in life and in our consciousness that could not be conveyed by the Russian word ... There are no such sounds, colors, images and thoughts - complex and simple - for which there would be no exact expression in our language. K.G. Paustovsky

8. The problem of human action . Beauty will save the world ... ”- said F. M. Dostoevsky, referring to the inner content of this quality, a kind of harmony. Hence, a beautiful deed, according to the writer, must meet God's commandments, must be kind.
Which of the characters in Dostoevsky's novel acted really beautifully?
The protagonist of the work, Rodion Raskolnikov, did many good deeds. He is a kind person by nature who is hard going through the pain of others and always helps people. So Raskolnikov saves children from the fire, gives his last money to the Marmeladovs, tries to protect the drunk girl from men pestering her, worries about her sister, Dunya, seeks to prevent her marriage with Luzhin in order to protect her from humiliation., loves and pities her mother, tries not to disturb her with her problems. But the trouble with Raskolnikov is that he chose a completely inappropriate means to fulfill such global goals. Unlike Raskolnikov, Sonya performs truly beautiful deeds. She sacrifices herself for the sake of loved ones, because she loves them. Yes, Sonya is a harlot, but she did not have the opportunity to quickly earn money in an honest way, and her family was dying of hunger. This woman destroys herself, but her soul remains pure, because she believes in God and tries to do good to everyone, loving and compassionate in a Christian way.
The most beautiful act of Sonya is the salvation of Raskolnikov ..
The whole life of Sonya Marmeladova is self-sacrifice. By the power of her love, she elevates Raskolnikov to herself, helps him overcome his sin and rise again. The actions of Sonya Marmeladova express all the beauty of a human act.

Heroes L.N. Tolstoy is highly characteristic of the feeling of the need to meet certain moral criteria in his life, the absence of discord between actions and his own conscience. Undoubtedly, this is the position of the author, who often deliberately leads his characters through difficult life trials so that they can realize their actions and develop strong moral principles in their souls. These beliefs, gained from the heart, in the future will not allow the heroes to go contrary to what they have consciously learned from everyday difficulties. Pierre Bezukhov, one of the writer's favorite heroes, becomes a particularly significant example of the unity of thought and action. Being at odds with his wife, feeling disgusted with the life in the world that they lead, experiencing after their duel with Dolokhov. Pierre involuntarily asks eternal, but such important questions for him: “What is wrong? What well? Why live, and what am I? And when one of the smartest Masonic leaders urges him to change his life and purify himself by serving good, to benefit his neighbor, Pierre sincerely believed "in the possibility of a brotherhood of people united in order to support each other on the path of virtue." And to achieve this goal, Pierre does everything. what he considers necessary: ​​he donates money to the brotherhood, arranges schools, hospitals and shelters, tries to make life easier for peasant women with small children. His actions are always in harmony with his conscience, and the feeling of being right gives him confidence in life.

9. The problem of moral duty, moral choice.

A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" (Tatyana's choice of a husband, following her moral duty); L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" (choice of Andrei B., Pierre);

B. Vasiliev "I was not on the lists." The works make you think about the questions that everyone strives to answer for themselves: what is behind the high moral choice - what are the forces of the human mind, soul, fate, what helps a person to resist, to show amazing, amazing resilience, helps to live and die “like a human being”?

Let us recall the main character of M. Sholokhov's work "The Fate of a Man". Despite the difficulties and trials that fell to his lot, he always remained true to himself and his homeland. Nothing broke his spiritual strength and did not eradicate his sense of duty.

V. Vysotsky has many poems in which a person is faced with a choice and he needs courage, will to win:

Yes, you can turn around the precipice, but we choose the hard way,

Dangerous as a military trail.

IN Politicians start wars, but the people lead. This is especially true of the Patriotic Wars. The idea of ​​the popular nature of the war lies at the heart of the epic novelL. Tolstoy "War and Peace".

Recall the famous comparison of two swordsmen. The duel between them was at first conducted according to all the rules of a fencing fight, but suddenly one of the opponents, feeling wounded and realizing that this is a serious matter, but concerns his life, throws his sword, takes the first club he comes across and begins to “nail” it. Tolstoy's thought is clear: the course of hostilities does not depend on the rules invented by politicians and military leaders, but on some kind of inner feeling that unites people. In war it is the spirit of the army, the spirit of the people, this is what Tolstoy called "the hidden warmth of patriotism."

The turning point in the Great Patriotic War occurred during the Battle of Stalingrad, when “a Russian soldier was ready to tear a bone from a skeleton and go against a fascist with it” (A. Platonov). The unity of the people, their steadfastness is the true reason for victory. In the novelY. Bondareva "Hot snow" the most tragic moments of the war are reflected, when Manstein's brutalized tanks rush to the group surrounded in Stalingrad. Young gunners, yesterday's boys, are holding back the onslaught of the Nazis with superhuman efforts. The sky was blood-smoked, the snow melted from bullets, the ground burned under their feet, but the Russian soldier survived - he did not allow the tanks to break through. For this feat, General Bessonov, defying all conventions, without award papers, presents orders and medals to the remaining soldiers. “What can I do, what can I do…” he says bitterly, approaching another soldier.War and Peace

Listen, people, and sound the alarm! Block the road to mortal war.

Let there be no more grief or tears Under the roar of guns and the groans of birches.

Sofia Skorokhod

My country paid such a price for the peace of the Earth,

That no insane force can be defeated. E. Lavrentieva

11. The problem of the moral strength of a simple soldier

H the bearer of people's morality in the war is, for example, Valega, the orderly of Lieutenant Kerzhentsev from the storyV. Nekrasov "In the trenches of Stalingrad » . He is barely literate, confuses the multiplication table, will not really explain what socialism is, but for his homeland, for his comrades, for a rickety hut in Altai, for Stalin, whom he has never seen, he will fight to the last bullet. And the cartridges will run out - fists, teeth. Sitting in a trench, he will scold the foreman more than the Germans. And when it comes down to it, he will show these Germans where the crayfish hibernate. A simple peasant guy who is only eighteen years old. Kerzhentsev is sure that such a soldier as Valega will never betray, will not leave the wounded on the battlefield and will beat the enemy mercilessly.

12. The problem of the heroic everyday life of war

G the heroic everyday life of war is an oxymoron metaphor that unites the incompatible. War ceases to seem like something out of the ordinary. Get used to death. Only sometimes it will amaze with its suddenness. There is an episodeV. Nekrasov ("In the trenches of Stalingrad") : the dead soldier lies on his back, arms outstretched, and a smoking cigarette butt stuck to his lip. A minute ago there was still life, thoughts, desires, now - death. And it is simply unbearable for the hero of the novel to see this... As for the heroes of In the Trenches of Stalingrad, Karnaukhov is read by Jack London, the divisional commander also loves Martin Eden, someone draws, someone writes poetry. The Volga is foaming from shells and bombs, and the people on the shore do not change their spiritual predilections. Perhaps that is why the Nazis did not succeed in crushing them, throwing them back across the Volga, and drying up their souls and minds.

Literature and poetry

… Not the poet who knows how to weave rhymes And, creaking with feathers, does not spare paper: Good poetry is not so easy to write ... A.S. Pushkin

Our literature is our pride, the best that we have created as a nation. All philosophy is in it, great impulses of the spirit are imprinted in it; minds of great beauty and strength, hearts of holy purity – the minds and hearts of true artists still burn brightly in this marvelous, fabulously quickly built temple. A.M. Gorky

To be a poet means the same, If the truth of life is not violated, To scar oneself on delicate skin, To caress other people's souls with the blood of feelings. S.A. Yesenin

The joy of working on a book is the joy of victory over time, over space. It seems to me that real writers always have a bit of something fabulous in their feeling of joy from a finished work. K.G. Paustovsky

The power, wisdom and beauty of literature is revealed in all its breadth only before an enlightened and knowledgeable person. K.P. Paustovsky - The word is a great thing. Great because with a word you can unite people, with a word you can also separate them, with a word you can serve love, with a word you can serve enmity and hatred. L.N. Tolstoy

Mind, knowledge, book, science

The mind is a garment that you will never wear out; knowledge is a spring that you will never exhaust Kyrgyz proverb

The sun will rise - nature comes to life, you read a book - the mind is enlightened. Mongolian proverb

Books are the spiritual testament of one generation to another, the advice of a dying old man to a young man who begins to live, an order transmitted by sentries going on vacation, to sentries who take the place of A.I. Herzen

Reading good books is a conversation with the best people of the past, and, moreover, such a conversation when they tell us only their best thoughts. R. Descartes

The role of books in human life

*According to the famous writer F. Iskander, "the main and invariable sign of the success of a work of art is the desire to return to it, re-read it and repeat the pleasure."

* The well-known writer and publicist Y. Olesha wrote: “We read a wonderful book more than once in our lives and each time, as it were, anew, and this is the amazing fate of the authors of golden books ... They are out of time.”

*M. Gorky wrote: "I owe everything good in me to books."

* In Russian literature, there are many examples of the positive influence of reading on the formation of a person's personality. So, from the first part of M. Gorky's trilogy "Childhood" we learn that books helped the hero of the work overcome the "lead abominations of life" and become a man.

good and evil

You will repay good with good - well done, you will answer evil with good - you are a sage. Turkmen proverb

In a house where the stove smokes, you can live, but where anger flares, you won’t live. Japanese proverb

In "White Clothes" V. Dudintsev tried to answer the question: how to recognize good and evil, how to distinguish white clothes of good from camouflage thrown over evil.

Good Speech

Good speech is good to listen to. Russian proverb

Speech is the image of the soul. Latin proverb

The spoken language is fading away

Conversational beauty;

Retreating into the unknown

Speeches of Russian miracles.

Hundreds of words native and well-aimed,

locked up

Like birds in cages

Dozing in thick dictionaries.

You let them out of there

Return to everyday life,

So that speech - a human miracle -

Not missing these days. V.Shefner

The development of the language follows the development of folk life N.G. Chernyshevsky

The vagueness of a word is an invariable sign of the vagueness of thought. L.N. Tolstoy

A wound inflicted by a sword will heal, but a wound by the tongue will not.

Armenian proverb

We can't predict

How our word will respond, -

And sympathy is given to us,

How grace is given to us ... F.I. Tyutchev

conscience, morality

There is only one undoubted happiness in life - to live for another. L.N. Tolstoy

Everything should be beautiful in a person: face, clothes, soul, and thoughts. A.P. Chekhov

Gratitude is the least of the virtues, ingratitude is the worst of the vices English proverb

Life without a goal is a man without a head. Assyrian proverb

As you treat others, so will they treat you. Assyrian proverb

Judge not lest ye be judged. From the Sermon on the Mount of Jesus Christ

Youth, youth

Youth is the main force, the fundamental power of tomorrow's humanity. A.V. Lunacharsky

Life gives every person a huge invaluable gift - youth, full of strength, youth, full of aspirations, desires and aspirations for knowledge, for struggle, full of hopes and hopes N.A. Ostrovsky

Whoever in his youth did not bind himself with strong ties to a great and wonderful cause, or at least to simple, but honest and useful work, he can consider his youth completely lost, no matter how fun it was and no matter how many pleasant memories it left. . D.I. Pisarev

Will, freedom

Only he is worthy of life and freedom,

Who every day goes to fight for them. Goethe

The meaning of life, duty, profession

Why deep knowledge, thirst for glory,

Talent and passionate love of freedom,

When we can't use them. M.Yu.Lermontov

A person who has fulfilled his duty is a rather high concept. And the one about whom this is said should perceive this as a high and at the same time accurate assessment of his activity or his act. K.M.Simonov

All works are good - Choose to taste. V.V.Mayakovsky

Know how to live even when life becomes unbearable. Make it useful. N. Ostrovsky

The most precious thing for a person is life. It is given to him once, and it is necessary to live it in such a way that it would not be excruciatingly painful for the aimlessly lived years, so that the shame for the petty and petty past would not burn ... N. Ostrovsky

The best pleasure, the highest joy of life is to feel needed and loved by people. A.M. Gorky

Everything beautiful on earth is from the sun, and everything good is from man. M.M. Prishvin

The wise power of the builder is hidden in every person, and it must be given free rein to develop and flourish so that it enriches the earth with even greater miracles. A.M. Gorky

Great will is not only the ability to wish and achieve something, but also the ability to force oneself and give up something when necessary. Will is not just a desire and its satisfaction, but it is a desire and a stop, and a desire and a refusal. A.S. Makarenko

I would be glad to serve, it is sickening to serve.

Chatsky's words from A.S. Griboedov's comedy "Woe from Wit"

Human! It's great! It sounds…proud. A.M. Gorky

About mother poets have already found the words,

Equalizing it to the Fatherland…

O woman!.. O mother!.. You are the salt of the earth!

Without a mother, the field of life would have died out.

Artists you lit up the world,

Revealing their wondrous forms...

Shakespeare without Desdemona is not Shakespeare,

And heaven would become hell without Beatrice! T. Zumakulova

Woman is a great word. In her is the purity of a girl, in her is the selflessness of a friend, in her is the feat of a mother.

N.A. Nekrasov

All the pride of the world comes from mothers. Without the sun, flowers do not bloom, without love there is no happiness, without a woman there is no love, without a mother there is neither a poet nor a hero! A.M. Gorky

Heroism, deeds

Let you die! .. But in the song of the brave and strong in spirit you will always be a living example, a proud call to freedom, to the light! ... A.M. Gorky

In life there is always a place for exploits. A.M. Gorky

A feat, like a talent, shortens the path to the goal. A.Leonov

Great people and heroes most fully express the appearance of their people, and their names live for centuries. J. Lafitte

A hero is a person who, at a decisive moment, does what needs to be done in the interests of human society. Yu.Fuchik

Let's not forget those heroes

What lie in the damp earth,

Giving life on the battlefield

For the people, for you and me ... S.V. Mikhalkov

In important epochs of life, sometimes a spark of heroism flares up in the most ordinary person, unknown until now smoldering in his chest, and then he does things that he had never even dreamed of before. M.Yu.Lermontov

Art

Art is the highest manifestation of power in man. L.N. Tolstoy

Simplicity, truth, naturalness - these are the three great principles of beauty in all works of art K. Gluck

Sports, movement

Movement is the storehouse of life. Plutarch

HUMAN RESPONSIBILITY

Today man, he alone, is responsible for everything on earth. For thousands of years he fought nature as an enemy. Now he is responsible for her as a senior ... Who is this person? It is all of us together and each separately.

D.S. Likhachev

The problem of responsibility.

* Well-known publicist D.S. Likhachev noted that "to be responsible for others means to be able to answer for oneself." The author compares our Earth with a spaceship, and us - with its team, on the well-coordinated work of which a lot depends. A person cannot transfer responsibility for the planet to anyone, since he alone is endowed with the power of reason.

A person must live in the sphere of goodness, made by him… Goodness unites, unites, unites.

D.S. Likhachev

What's in your heart? Isn't it darkness? Take some of my light. A. Reshetov

The heart will break into pieces,

If we learn to love. E. Ogonkova

The outstanding Russian writer B. Vasiliev spoke about Dr. Jansen. He died saving children who fell into a sewer hole. A man who was revered as a saint even during his lifetime was buried by the whole city.

At M.Sholokhov has a wonderful story "The Fate of a Man". IN it tells about the tragic fate of a soldier who lost all his relatives during the war. One day he met an orphan boy and decided to call himself his father. This act suggests that love and the desire to do good give a person the strength to live, the strength to resist fate.

In ancient Babylon, the sick were taken out to the square, and every passer-by could give him advice on how to be healed, or simply say a sympathetic word. This fact shows that already in ancient times people understood that there is no other person's misfortune, there is no other person's suffering.

The life drama of Eugene Onegin, an outstanding man, is caused precisely by the fact that "hard work was sickening to him." Having grown up in idleness, he did not learn the most important thing - to work patiently, achieving his goal, to live for the sake of another person. His life turned into a joyless existence "no tears, no life, no love."

It is more correct to divide all the heroes of L. Tolstoy not into bad and good, but into those who change, and those who have lost the ability for spiritual self-development. Moral movement, relentless search for oneself, eternal dissatisfaction is, according to Tolstoy, the most complete manifestation of humanity.

N. Gogol, the exposer of human vices, is persistently looking for a living human SOUL. Depicting Plyushkin, who has become "a hole in the body of mankind," he passionately urges the reader, entering adulthood, to take with him all the "human movements", not to lose them on the road of life.

The image of Oblomov is the image of a person who only wanted to. He wanted to change his life, he wanted to rebuild the life of the estate, he wanted to raise children ... But he did not have the strength to realize these desires, so his dreams remained dreams.

M. Gorky in the play "At the Bottom" showed the drama of "former people" who have lost the strength to fight for their own sake. They hope for something good, they understand that they need to live better, but they do nothing to change their fate. It is no coincidence that the action of the play begins in the rooming house and ends there.

False Values

I. Bunin in the story "The Gentleman from San Francisco" showed the fate of a man who served false values. Wealth was his god, and that god he worshipped. But when the American millionaire died, it turned out that true happiness passed by the person: he died without knowing what life is.

* The well-known writer, publicist V. Soloukhin believes that technology has made the state and humanity as a whole more powerful. But he immediately asks the question: when a person is left alone without these greatest inventions, will he be more powerful than all his predecessors on planet Earth?

At everyone in the hands fate peace

A. Kuprin wrote the story "The Wonderful Doctor", based on real events. A man, tormented by poverty, is ready to desperately commit suicide, but the well-known doctor Pirogov, who happened to be nearby, speaks to him. He helps the unfortunate, and from that moment on, his life and the life of his family changes in the most happy way. This story speaks eloquently of the fact that the act of one person can affect the fate of other people.

The role of personality in history

1) "Hunter's Notes" AND. Turgenev played a huge role in the public life of our country. People, after reading the bright, vivid stories about the peasants, realized that it was immoral

own people like cattle. A broad movement began in the country for the abolition of serfdom.

2) After the war, many Soviet soldiers who were captured by the enemy were condemned as traitors to their homeland. The story of M. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man", which shows the bitter fate of a soldier, made society take a different look at the tragic fate of prisoners of war. A law was passed on their rehabilitation.

The role of art (science, mass media) in the spiritual life of society

) Many front-line soldiers talk about the fact that soldiers exchanged smoke and bread for cuttings from a front-line newspaper, where chapters from A. Tvardovsky's poem "Vasily Terkin" were published. This means that an encouraging word was sometimes more important for the fighters than food.

When the Nazis laid siege to Leningrad, the 7th symphony of Dmitry Shostakovich had a huge impact on the inhabitants of the city. which, according to eyewitnesses, gave people new forces to fight the enemy.

7) In the history of literature, a lot of evidence has been preserved related to the stage history of the Undergrowth. They say that many noble children, recognizing themselves in the image of the loafer Mitrofanushka, experienced a genuine rebirth: they began to study diligently, read a lot and grew up as worthy sons of their homeland.

Interpersonal relationships

Fear in a person's life

B. Zhitkov in one of his stories portrays a man who was very afraid of cemeteries. One day a little girl got lost and asked to be taken home. The road went past the cemetery. The man asked the girl: "Aren't you afraid of the dead?""FROM I'm not afraid of you!" - the girl answered, and these words made the man gather his courage and overcome the feeling of fear.

The well-known revolutionary G. Kotovsky was sentenced to death by hanging for robbery. The fate of this not ordinary person excited the writer A. Fedorov, who began to petition for a pardon for the robber. He achieved the release of Kotovsky, and he solemnly promised the writer to repay him with kindness. A few years later, when Kotovsky became a red commander, this writer came to him and asked him to save his son, who was captured by the Chekists. Kotovsky, risking their lives, rescued the young man from captivity.

* The well-known writer and publicist A. Solzhenitsyn wrote: “Human freedom includes voluntary self-restraint in favor of others. Our obligations must always exceed the freedom granted to us.

* The story of the moral decay of the personality of Andrei Guskov is told by V. Rasputin in the story “Live and Remember”. This man was in the war, was wounded and shell-shocked more than once. But, having been discharged from the hospital, he did not go to his unit, but thievishly made his way to the village, became a deserter.

*Ch. Aitmatov wrote about the moral decline of Oberkandalovites and anashists in "The Scaffold".

The uncontrolled development of science and technology worries people more and more. Let's imagine a toddler dressed in his father's costume. He is wearing a huge jacket, long trousers, a hat that slips over his eyes... Doesn't this picture resemble a modern person? Having failed to grow morally, grow up, mature, he became the owner of a powerful technique that is capable of destroying all life on Earth.

2) Mankind has achieved great success in its development: a computer, a telephone, a robot, a conquered atom... But it's a strange thing: the stronger a person becomes, the more anxious is the expectation of the future. What will happen to us? Where are we heading? Let's imagine an inexperienced driver driving at breakneck speed in his brand new car. How pleasant it is to feel the speed, how pleasant it is to realize that a powerful motor is subject to your every movement! But suddenly the driver realizes with horror that he cannot stop his car. Mankind is like this young driver who rushes into an unknown distance, not knowing what is lurking there, around the corner.

In M. Bulgakov's story, Doctor Preobrazhensky turns a dog into a man. Scientists are driven by a thirst for knowledge, the desire to change nature. But sometimes progress turns into terrible consequences: a two-legged creature with a "dog's heart" is not yet a person, because there is no soul in him, no love, honor, nobility.

The press reported that very soon there will be an elixir of immortality. Death will be finally defeated. But for many people, this news did not cause a surge of joy; on the contrary, anxiety intensified. What will this immortality mean for a person?

9) Until now, disputes about how legitimate, from a moral point of view, experiments related to human cloning do not fade away. Who will be born as a result of this cloning? What will this creature be? Human? Cyborg? means of production?

History knows many unsuccessful attempts to forcefully make a person happy. If freedom is taken away from people, then paradise turns into a dungeon. The favorite of Tsar Alexander 1, General Arakcheev, creating military settlements at the beginning of the 19th century, pursued good goals. Peasants were forbidden to drink vodka, they were supposed to go to church at the appointed hours, their children were to be sent to schools, they were forbidden to be punished. It would seem that everything is correct! But people were forced to be good. they were forced to love, work, study... And a man deprived of his freedom, turned into a slave, rebelled: a wave of general protest arose, and Arakcheev's reforms were curtailed.

Man and knowledge

Archimedes, knowing that a person suffers from drought, from hunger, proposed new ways of irrigating the land. Thanks to his discovery, productivity increased sharply, people stopped being afraid of hunger.

3) The outstanding scientist Fleming discovered penicillin. This drug has saved the lives of millions of people who previously died from blood poisoning.

The problem of conscience

* One of the heroines of V. Rasputin's story "Farewell to Matyora" recalls the main of the precepts of the fathers: "The main thing is to have a conscience and not to endure from conscience."

*In the "Fire" by V. Rasputin, the tribe of Arkharovtsy is described, devouring the spiritual values ​​\u200b\u200bof a great people, already losing their idea of ​​goodness and justice, truth and lies.

* Well-known scientist, publicist D.S. Likhachev believed that one should never allow oneself to compromise with conscience, to try to find an excuse for lying, theft, etc.

Many people tend to blame adverse conditions for everything: family, friends, lifestyle, rulers. But after all, it is the struggle, overcoming difficulties, that is the most important condition for a full-fledged spiritual formation. It is no coincidence that in folk tales the true biography of the hero begins only when he passes the test (fights a monster, saves a stolen bride, obtains a magical item).

Science knows many cases when a child abducted by wolves, bears or monkeys was brought up: for several years away from people. Then he was caught and returned to human society. In all these cases, a person who grew up among animals became a beast, lost almost all human features. Children could not learn human speech, walked on all fours, which at they lost the ability to walk upright, they barely learned to stand on two legs, their children lived for about the same years as the animals that raised them live on average ...

ABOUTwhat does this example say?ABOUTthat the child needs to be brought up daily, hourly, purposefully manage his development. About what is outside of human societychildturns into an animal.

Scientists have long been talking about the so-called<<пирамиде способностей». IN at an early age there are almost no untalented children, there are already significantly fewer of them at school, even fewer in universities, although they go there by competition; in adulthood, there remains a very insignificant percentage of truly talented people. It has been calculated, in particular, that only three per cent of those engaged in scientific work actually move science forward. In socio-biological terms, the loss of talent with age is explained by the fact that a person needs the greatest abilities during the period of mastering the basics of life and self-affirmation in it, that is, in the early years; then acquired skills, stereotypes, acquired knowledge firmly deposited in the brain, etc. begin to prevail in thinking and behavior. people, in general - to the world

The problem of spirituality

According to the well-known publicist S. Soloveichik, many confuse this concept with intelligence, good breeding, and education. Spirituality is the strength of the spirit, the desire for goodness, truth. Visiting theaters, reading books, unfortunately, is not always good for the soul of some people.

E. Bogat believes that "spiritual life is communication with people, art, the autumn forest and with oneself."

The problem of preserving the concept of "honor" in the modern world

D. Granin wrote that the concept of "honor" is given to a person once along with the name and that it can neither be compensated nor corrected, but can only be saved. This is the moral core of a person.

D. Shevarov, in one of his essays, reflected that the concept of honor, enduring and universal, includes the ability to protect one's life values, a clear conscience, honesty, dignity, and the impossibility of lying. The author does not call for the return of the duel, he only uses the example of A.S. Pushkina argues that honor must be defended.

* In the story "Powerlessness" Y. Bondarev tells about two young people who collided on the street. One hit the shoulder of the other, the second was not timid, but fear of the will of a more courageous opponent stopped him from fighting back. The author concludes that both of them, the winner and the vanquished, in a short street battle of primitive egos, appeared as miserable, insignificant males.

* Y. Bondarev in the story "Beauty" gave an assessment of the behavior of an ugly, at first glance, girl and a dandy guy who invited her to a dance in order to expose her to ridicule. The heroine accepted the challenge of handsome. The author writes that a proud look transformed her into a beauty. The writer admires a man who managed to resist meanness, meanness, without dropping his dignity.

The problem of resisting evil, aggression

The famous writer, publicist V. Soloukhin told the story of a long enmity between two neighbors. In response to aggression, each of them responded with a new evil deed. During this war, the rooster of one and the kitten of the other died. The author writes that a grain of evil gave birth to a pea of ​​evil, a pea gave birth to a nut, a nut - an apple. And now an ocean of evil has accumulated, where all of humanity can drown. One of them made the right decision - to go in peace to a neighbor. Peace reigned in the house. Therefore, only good can resist evil.

The Christian commandment says: "If you hit one cheek, turn the other." Only then can you help heal the one who hit you.

In the story of A.S. Pushkin's "Snowstorm", the main character Marya Gavrilovna, having learned to live in accordance with God's commandments, becomes happy. Her mutual love with Burmin is God's gift for both.

The main idea of ​​the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" is simple and clear. She is the embodiment of God's sixth commandment - "Thou shalt not kill." The author proves the impossibility of committing a crime in good conscience using the example of the story of Rodion Raskolnikov.

The problem of Christian morality

D. Orekhov in the book "Buddha from Benares" talks about the teachings, about the transmigration of souls, about the magical world of ancient Indian spirituality.

A striking example of an arrogant attitude towards people around is the heroine of the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" Helen Kuragin. Beautiful outwardly, she was spiritually empty, hypocritical, false.

In the story "Old Woman Izergil" M. Gorky tells the legend about Lara, who was not enough to be happy pride and confidence in his superiority. And the greatest blessing - life - becomes for him a hopeless torment.

* The features of manic stinginess are presented in the image of Plyushkin, the hero of the poem by N.V. Gogol's Dead Souls. Taking care of an insignificant trifle, showing penny stinginess, the landowner loses hundreds and thousands, blowing his fortune into the wind, ruining his estate.

The moral and ethical problem of a person's attitude to what is called "to have more than others", "to live for show".

The well-known publicist I. Vasiliev wrote that “the same thing happens with the category of the self-satisfied, who live for show, as with the “hiding” - closing, distance, isolation from people. Their destiny is spiritual loneliness, which is more terrible than criminal punishment.

Having a lot, according to I. Vasiliev, is becoming a fashion. The desire to "have" turns into a painful passion for hoarding. But a metamorphosis takes place with a person: acquiring more and more material things, he becomes impoverished in soul. “The place of generosity, responsiveness, cordiality, kindness, compassion is replaced by stinginess, envy, greed.”

The well-known publicist G. Smirnov wrote that "in the 21st century, mankind will face a painful rejection of the fictitious values ​​of material life and the difficult acquisition of the values ​​of the Spirit."

The hero of V. Astafiev's novel "The Sad Detective" refers to people who "know how to live." Fedya Lebeda has a police salary, but he bought a two-story dacha. And all because he adheres to the principle: "Don't touch us, we won't touch..."

Recall the story of A.P. Chekhov's "Jumper". The main thing that attracted Olga Ivanovna to the world of art was the desire to make acquaintances with celebrities, and by no means a spiritual need for beauty. While admiring mediocre artists and writers, she failed to see in Dr. Dymov a talented scientist whose interest in art was truly genuine.

In the drama A.N. Ostrovsky's "Dowry" merchant Knurov, not finding himself worthy interlocutors, travels to talk to St. Petersburg and abroad. And the “Europeanization” of Vozhevatov is expressed in the fact that in the morning he drinks champagne poured into teapots in a coffee shop.

* In L.N. Tolstoy’s story “Lucerne”, a scene is depicted when all its noble and preoccupied with global problems residents came out onto the balcony of a hotel for very rich people to listen to a poor wandering musician playing the violin. Listening to beautiful music, people experienced the same emotions, thought about the same things, and even seemed to breathe in unison.

* The well-known scientist and thinker D.S. Likhachev draws the image of our Earth as “defenselessly flying in the colossal space of a museum.” He is convinced that the human culture created over the millennia is designed to unite all people living on the planet.

Science fiction writer A. Belyaev in the novel "Professor Dowell's Head" tells that the fruits of scientific thought in the hands of presumptuous and irresponsible people become a real disaster for the entire human race. The author at the same time convinces the reader that evil will not go unpunished.

The famous French writer D. Koveler in the documentary book "Clone Christ?" tells how yesterday's science fiction becomes today's reality.

* The protagonist of V. Shukshin's story "Cut off", Gleb Kapustin, is confident in the truth of his knowledge, obtained as a hodgepodge from various sources. He is pleased when he manages to “click on the nose” of visitors, whom he severely examines.

The problem of heredity

* The well-known publicist L. Serova discussed the problem of heredity in one of her essays. She believes that the manifestation of the genotype will vary depending on the conditions in which a person develops.

* Theodosius Dobzhansky, a geneticist of the 20th century, noted that "a person is what he is, because his genotype plus his biography made him so."

* V. Kharchenko wrote that scientific activity requires patience, perseverance, and courage. It brings pleasure and joy to the scientist and helps to survive in difficult life circumstances.

Importance of the Humanities

* Well-known publicist, scientist D.S. Likhachev argued that the humanities are very important, since it is they who teach to understand art, history, and educate morality. * The ruler of thoughts, Einstein, was inspired by the work of F.M. Dostoevsky. And the famous scientist R. Yakobson said that before writing his works he liked to examine the paintings of Larionov or Goncharova.

* Well-known publicists often turn to the problem of the truth of art. So, I. Dolgopolov, admiring the creations of Andrei Rublev, notes that the creations of true masters live for more than one century, because they are written from the heart. They can be superficially simple, but wise "with that bottomless spiritual depth that marks Pushkin's poetry, Glinka's music, Dostoevsky's prose."
* The power of the magical skill of the great painters is also shown by I. Dolgopolov in his essay on Raphael's "Sistine Madonna". According to the author, our soul, "despite all the dictates of the mind, suggesting that this is just a mirage, the artist's inventions," freezes, contemplating this miracle of painting.

*G.I. Ouspensky has repeatedly noted that a true work of art can transform a person morally. The writer in his work "Rightened" recalls the impression that the statue of Venus de Milo in the Louvre made on him, about "the life-giving mystery of this stone creature." Beauty ennobles the soul of a person, the creations of brilliant masters "fascinate the eye." Such is the wonder of painting!

* N.V. narrates about the true purpose of art. Gogol in the story "Portrait". The author talks about two artists, each of whom chose his own "type" of creativity. One began to work without much effort. Nevertheless, it brought him a decent income. Another decided to penetrate the essence of art and devoted his whole life to learning. In the finale, he creates a true masterpiece, although his path was not accompanied by universal fame.

The famous scientist, publicist A.F. Losev compared the benefits of education with the harvest on the land by a peasant who works, despite all the hardships in the summer, but then enjoys rest and material prosperity all year round.

Psychologist Landreth said: "Education is what remains when everything learned is forgotten."

The mother of the protagonist of the novel, I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov" believed that education is not such an important thing, for which you need to lose weight, lose your blush and skip holidays. It is only needed for promotion.

L. Gumilyov wrote that different subjects are taught at school. Many of them do not arouse any interest, but they are necessary, because without a wide perception of the world there will be no development of the mind and feelings. If children have not learned physics, they will not understand what energy and entropy are. Without knowledge of languages ​​and literature, connections with the surrounding world of people are lost, and without history, with the legacy of the past.

The problem of attitude to learning

*According to the famous scientist and publicist Max Planck, "science and religion do not really contradict each other, but for every thinking person they need to complement each other."

* A well-known publicist, scientist A. Menu believes that "science and religion - two ways of knowing reality - should not just be independent areas, but in a harmonious combination contribute to the general movement of mankind along the path to Truth."

* The brilliant scientist A. Einstein noted: “The more knowledge about the world science gives us, the more clearly I see the hand of the Almighty, ruling the Universe.”

* Newton, who discovered the laws of motion of celestial bodies, as if exposing the greatest secret of the universe, was a believer and was engaged in theology.

* The great Pascal, the genius of mathematics, one of the creators of the new physics, was not just a believer, but also a Christian saint (although not canonized) and one of the greatest religious thinkers in Europe.

In the story of A.I. Solzhenitsyn "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich" the main character I. Shukhov, despite all the difficulties of his position, lives and enjoys life. He did not exchange his spiritual ideals for someone else's plate of food or felt boots.

In the comedy "Woe from Wit" by A. Griboyedov, Molchalin lives according to the principle bequeathed to him by his father:

Firstly, to please all people without exception - the Master, where you happen to live,

To the chief with whom I will serve, to his servant who cleans dresses,

Doorman, janitor, to avoid evil, Dog janitor, to be affectionate.

A vivid example of the image of the mores of bureaucratic Russia in the 19th century is the comedy of N.V. Gogol's "Inspector". According to the author, sheer lawlessness, bribery, embezzlement, the widespread arbitrariness of the landowners and the inactive neglect of state institutions have become the norm. Ridiculing and criticizing bureaucracy, the writer reveals the entire inconsistency of the administrative structure of the state.

The problem of philistinism

In the play by A.N. Ostrovsky's "Thunderstorm" describes the life of the provincial town of Kalinov. The life of the inhabitants here is boring and monotonous. It sucks like a quagmire, and there is no way to get out of it, to change something. “It’s better in the grave,” says the main character Ekaterina Kabanova, and she finds a way out only in death.

In the story of A.P. Chekhov "Ionych" tells about the fate of Dr. Startsev, who gradually becomes a layman. He is destroyed by the desire for satiety and peace, which suppresses all previous impulses, hopes and plans.

In the play "Petty Bourgeois" M. Gorky, on the one hand, presented the world of petty bourgeoisie in the person of the foreman of the paint shop Vasily Bessemenov and his family, on the other hand, people who oppose this musty life, led by Nil.

* The well-known publicist V. Levy wrote that “people with the talent to be happy are sunny people. Near them it is always light, breathe freely.

* I.A. Bunin in the poem "Evening" wrote:

We always remember happiness.

And happiness is everywhere. Maybe it is

This autumn garden behind the barn

And clean air pouring through the window ...

The hum of the thresher is heard on the threshing floor...

I see, I hear, I am happy. Everything is in me.

* The modern well-known publicist E. Lebedeva wrote that one should try to appreciate the unpretentious moments of life in order to feel like a happy person for no reason.

* In the story “The Scream”, Y. Bondarev tells about an incident that happened to him on one of the autumn days. The author enjoyed walking along the street, strewn with rustling golden leaves, and pondered the secrets of nature. But suddenly he heard a desperate cry of a woman from the window of the house. At that moment, happiness turned to bitterness. It seemed to the writer that humanity itself was screaming from unbearable pain, having lost a sense of the joy of its unique existence.

F. Abramov, in one of his essays, spoke about his teacher Alexei Fedorovich Kalintsev, who possessed such qualities as erudition, energy, self-esteem, devotion to his work, etc. According to the author, "a teacher is a person who holds in his hands the day of the country, the future of the planet."

Giovanni Odarinni wrote: "A teacher is a candle that shines on others while burning itself."

In V. Rasputin's story "French Lessons", the teacher Lidia Mikhailovna taught her student the main lesson ... of kindness and mercy.

A. Dementiev wrote:

Don't you dare forget the teachers! May life be worthy of their efforts!

Russia is famous for its teachers. The disciples bring glory to her.

*I remember lines from one poem:

If there were no teacher, then there would probably be no

No poet, no thinker, No Shakespeare, no Copernicus...

Without his sunny smile, Without his hot fire

To the light of our eyes sunflowers Could not turn.

*We repeat with N.A. Nekrasov his lines:

Teacher, before your name

Let me humbly kneel...

* The famous poet, writer, publicist R. Rozhdestvensky believed that the irresponsibility of officials at various levels leads to tragic consequences in our lives. Disregard for one's own and other people's work breeds mismanagement. To deal with it, you need to ask each person.

* A. Platonov wrote about the problem of irresponsibility in the story “Doubting Makar”, ridiculing the dairy boss, who referred to the authorities from Moscow, and he himself was indifferent to his work.

* The problem of irresponsibility was ridiculed in the "Directive Bow" by I. Ilf and E. Petrov, and at the beginning of the 20th century they asked: "When will this end?" Almost a hundred years have passed, and we are still faced with mismanagement and our own negligence in our work.

The problem of the Russian village

* A. Solzhenitsyn in the story "Matryonin Dvor" described the wretched life of the village in the early fifties. People worked for workdays. The main entertainment after work was dancing, drinking, street fights.

The problem of the heroic struggle of the people for their independence

In the story of N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba" tells about the heroic struggle of the Ukrainian people for national liberation from the Polish magnates. For people living in the Zaporozhian Sich, there is nothing higher than the interests of the people, the freedom and independence of the Motherland.

In The Tale of Igor's Campaign, the chronicler spoke about the struggle of the Russian people against the Polovtsians.

The problem of love of freedom

In the image of Katerina Kabanova, the main character of the play "Thunderstorm" - A.N. Ostrovsky captured all the beauty and broad nature of the freedom-loving Russian soul.

“An unusual phenomenon of Russian power” was called by N.V. Gogol is the main character of his story Taras Bulba. Stern and adamant, the leader of the Cossack army leads a life full of hardships and dangers. Zaporizhzhya Sich - that's his element. And the soul is imbued with only one desire - for the freedom and independence of its people.

Mtsyri, the main character of the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov, despised people who had come to terms with life in a prison-monastery. Having tasted freedom, he paid a high price for those wonderful moments that he lived in freedom - his life.

The famous poet V. Vysotsky wrote:

But is this life when in chains,

But is it a choice, if constrained.

* L.G. Protopovich in the book "Where did the Indigo come from?" talks about children for whom there are no geographical, linguistic or cultural barriers. They are born in any country. Their distinguishing feature is the bright blue color of the aura. Another distinguishing feature was their special talents and super-high level of intelligence.

In the tragedy "Boris Godunov" A.S. Pushkin raises political and moral questions. The people, which at first became a blind instrument in the hands of the criminal king, is shown by the author as an ideal of truth and conscience.

A.S. Pushkin continued to reflect on the role of the people in the history of Russia in the story "The Captain's Daughter". This work tells about the peasant uprising of 1773-1775 led by E. Pugachev. The author is trying to find ways to bring nobles and peasants closer together, but concludes that this is not yet possible.

A.N. Tolstoy in the novel "Peter the Great" touched upon the eternal problem of the relationship between state power and the people. The writer resolutely denies any violence of the state over its people, no matter how it is justified.

In the review novel "The History of a City" M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin shows that the city of Foolov exists only because of the obedience and ignorance of the people. The mayors rob, tyranny, and ordinary people die of hunger, endure torture, and console themselves with false promises of power. Only sometimes they rebel, but the rebellion ends in a flogging. And again, everyone lives in fear.

V.F. Myasnikov, a member of the round-the-world Antarctic expedition that sailed along the course of Bellingshausen and Lazarev, tells in his book Journey to the Land of the White Sphinx about the courageous work of hydrographers beyond the Southern Arctic Circle.

Yuri Modin is one of the most successful Soviet spies. His memoirs about the heroic work of the famous spy group “Cambridge Fives” in the book “The Fates of Scouts. My Cambridge Friends.

In B. Vasiliev's novel "Don't Shoot White Swans", Yegor Polushkin was not afraid to go against the poachers, saving the birds, because he felt his responsibility for them. Osip Dymov, the hero of the story by A.P. Chekhov's "The Jumper", perfectly aware of the danger, the risk he takes, decides to save the boy suffering from diphtheria. The patient recovers, but the doctor dies.

The problem of selfless labor

* Osip Dymov, hero of the story by A.P. Chekhov's "The Jumper", perfectly aware of the danger, the risk he takes, decides to save the boy suffering from diphtheria. The patient recovers, but the doctor dies. The author believes that the ability to follow one's professional duty even under dangerous circumstances is a gift without which society cannot survive.

* In the story "A Photograph Where I'm Not", V. Astafiev tells about young teachers who renovated the school, found textbooks, etc. One day one of them rushed to save the children from a snake. Probably, just such a person will become a worthy example for his students.

* The teacher Ales Moroz, the hero of V. Bykov's story "Obelisk", in occupied Belarus, risking his life, brought up hatred for the invaders in his students. When the guys are arrested, he surrenders to the Nazis to support them in a tragic moment.

* We learn about the heroism of soldiers from A. Fedorov's book "Nightingales".

*The cruel truth of the war is shown in B. Vasiliev's story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet".

*Looking back, we have no right to forget the countless victims. E. Yevtushenko is right when he wrote in the story "Fuku":

The one who forgets yesterday's victims,

Maybe tomorrow's victim will be.

The problem of the heroism of people of peaceful professions during the years of WWII

Breeders of besieged Leningrad, in conditions of wild famine, managed to preserve priceless varieties of breeding wheat for a future peaceful life.

E. Krieger, a well-known modern prose writer, in the story "Light" tells how, during the hostilities, the workers of the power plant decided not to evacuate with the inhabitants of the village, but to work. The “light-emitting power plant,” as its author called it, not only generated electricity, but also inspired the soldiers, helped them remember what they were fighting for.

The cycle of stories by A. Krutetsky “In the steppes of Bashkiria” shows the hard work of collective farmers living with the slogan “Everything for the front, everything for victory!”

F. Abramov's novel "Brothers and Sisters" tells about the feat of Russian women who spent the best years of their lives on the labor front during the Great Patriotic War.

Teacher Ales Moroz, the hero of V. Bykov's story "Obelisk", in occupied Belarus, risking his life, brought up hatred for the invaders in his students. When the guys are arrested, he surrenders to the Nazis to support them in a tragic moment.

In the poem “Ukraine”, M. Rylsky wrote: You see: the Russian is with you, the Bashkirs and the Tajik, All brothers and friends are an avalanche of formidable rati. Holy is our union, the people are infinitely great, Infinitely strong in their lion's fury.

POW problem

The story of V. Bykov "Alpine Ballad" shows the tragedy of people who were captured.

The story of M. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man" shows the tragic fate of Andrei Sokolov. The protagonist went through the trials of fascist captivity, lost his family, but managed to defend his human dignity, did not lose the will to live, a sense of compassion for people.

The problem of patriotism

Talking about the Patriotic War of 1812 in the novel "War and Peace", L.N. Tolstoy with love and respect draws people of different social class, who were united by a common love for Russia.

In the novel "War and Peace" L.N. Tolstoy paints pictures of military operations and various types of their participants. We see both faithful sons of the Fatherland (Denis Davydov, elder Vasilisa, etc.), and false patriots who think only about their own selfish interests.

* In the article by I. Dolgopolov "Genius" it is noted that a genius is not a light-winged angel who appears to people once a century. The only passion of a genius - the desire to create - completely rejects his other aspirations, and therefore the true creator is doomed to eternal suffering. And, nevertheless, despite all the hardships that fell on the lot of geniuses, "the light from them continues to come to us even through a string of centuries after their death."

*Famous writer and publicist V.G. Belinsky wrote in an article about Lomonosov: “Willpower is one of the main signs of a genius

The protagonist of A. Solzhenitsyn's story "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich" is an extraordinary person. Shukhov survives in the vile camp life thanks to his extreme diligence and long-suffering. In the world of evil and violence, lack of rights and enslavement, "sixes" and "blatars" who profess the camp law "you die today, and I - tomorrow", it is not easy to save the soul and human warmth. But Ivan Denisovich had his own sure means to restore a good mood - work.

About the inhumanity, the horror of the situation that prevailed in the country during the era of Stalin's rule, Y. Bondarev told in his work "Bouquet". The fate of the heroine was typical for that time. The fault of the heroine consisted only in the fact that she was young, good-looking, naively believed in the decency of those who were in power.

The role of personality in history

The true spokesman of the national spirit was M.I. Kutuzov. L.N. Tolstoy in the novel "War and Peace" historically accurately painted the image of the great commander.

A.N. Tolstoy in the novel "Peter the Great" tells about the life of the reformer tsar. On the one hand, Peter the Great seems to love his people and believes in their creative forces, on the other hand, he brutally cracks down on the participants in the archery rebellion, and later builds a beautiful city on the bones of convicts and serfs. The main tragedy, according to the author, is that for Peter the people are only a means, an instrument for the realization of his plans.

Y. Ovsyannikov in the book “Peter the Great. The First Russian Emperor” tells how Peter determined the character of the new Russia with his activities. Under the clash of axes and the thunder of cannons, the medieval state entered the union of European countries as an equal partner. which must be reckoned with.

In M. Bulgakov's novel "The Master and Margarita" the history of Palestine and Jerusalem is resurrected. The author prophetically showed the inevitable tragedy of the Jewish religious authorities, claiming a monopoly in the spiritual and legal sphere.

D. Lyskov in the book “Stalin's repressions. The Great Lie of the 20th Century" tries to understand the problem of terror objectively and impartially, avoiding ideological cliches, relying not on emotions, but on facts.

A. Pristavkin's story "A Golden Cloud Spent the Night" tells about the tragic fate of the Kuzmyonysh brothers, who became unwitting participants in an interethnic conflict. Small children, whose orphanage was destroyed by the Chechens, became victims of the struggle of the state machine with small nations.

One of the founders of historical romance A. Chapygin in the novel "Stepan Razin" describes the era of the great peasant war, headed by S. Razin.

V. Rasputin's story "Live and Remember" presents the story of the deserter Andrey Guskov.

V. Bykov in the story "Sotnikov" Rybak becomes a traitor, and later the executioner of his former comrade.

The problem of motherhood

The topic of motherhood is touched upon by N.A. Nekrasov in the poem "Nightingales". A mother teaches her children to appreciate beauty, to love nature. She really wants her children to be happy. Expressing the dream of all mothers, she says that if there were lands for the people where they would live freely, then “peasant women would take them all in the arms of their children.”

Matryona Timofeevna, one of the heroines of the poem by N.A., brings up her children by her personal example. Nekrasov "Who is it good to live in Russia?" She takes upon herself the humiliating punishment intended for her son, protects his pure soul from shocks.

The well-known writer A. Fadeev in his “Word about Mother” urged readers to look back at their lives and answer the question: “Is it not our failures and our grief that make our mothers gray?” He noted with chagrin that "the hour will come when all this will turn into a painful reproach to the heart at the mother's grave."

The story of V. Astafiev tells about the cat Belogrudka, whose kittens were taken away by the guys from the village. The author writes with pain about the pain of a mother looking for her children.

The well-known writer A. Fadeev wrote in his “Word about Mother”: “Is it not because of our failures, mistakes, and is it not because of our grief that our mothers turn gray? But the hour will come when all this at the mother’s grave will turn into a painful reproach to the heart.

In the short story "Happiness", the famous writer Y. Bondarev tells about a story that happened in one ordinary family. The main character was thinking about hopelessness, about the misfortunes that haunt people throughout their lives. She was struck by the fact that her father considered himself a happy person, because everyone is alive, there is no war, the whole family is together. The woman’s heart warmed up, she realized that happiness is to feel loved by loved ones and give them her love.

In the story "White Goose", the famous children's writer E. Nosov tells about a handsome goose who, during a strong hail, covered his babies with himself. All twelve fluffy "dandelions" survived. He himself died.

* The famous talented writer I. Bunin in the story "Beauty" tells about the cruel treatment of a stepmother to her little stepson. It is also terrible that the father chose to betray his own child, exchanging it for his own well-being, peace of mind.

The life and fate of women

* The essence of the life of the main character of the novel by L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" by Natalia Rostova is love.

* A.N. wrote about the female share in his works. Nekrasov.

The problem of finding the meaning of life

The closest and dearest for L.N. Tolstoy, the heroes are those who are in constant moral search, whose soul is working on the problem of choice, on the solution of the eternal question about the meaning of life. Those, of course, are Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov. These are people with a restless soul and a proud heart. They are in continuous internal development. Wishing to depict the formation of their personality, it was for them that the artist prepared a difficult fate.

The protagonist of the novel by V. Hugo "Les Misérables", having gone through many trials, having been in hard labor, did not become callous in soul, but was able to continue his life's journey, helping others and even compassionate enemies.

*Famous writer and publicist V.P. Astafiev wrote in one of his essays that the moral health of the nation depends on each of us. People must understand that it is not necessary to look for the causes of vices on the side. The fight against drunkenness, lies, etc. in society must begin with eradicating such things in oneself.

M.A. Bulgakov in the novel "The White Guard".

Heroes-intellectuals were portrayed by writers of the 19th and 20th centuries. For example, in the novel by M. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”, it was the writer, weak and not adapted to life, who managed to see and reflect in his novel those eternal moral values ​​that humanity developed and which in the 30s of the 20th century could resist social evil .

The famous Russian writer, translator, literary critic V. Nabokov wrote about the role of the intelligentsia in the modern world. The author believes that the presence of such people is a guarantee of a "better future for the whole world", because they are an example of self-denial and moral purity.

V. Dudintsev wrote about the plight of the intelligentsia in White Clothes.

The problem of lonely old age

*I.S. Turgenev in his prose poem “How good, how fresh were the roses...” contrasts the loneliness and cold of old age with the passionate feeling of youth. He bitterly regrets the lost youthful years, about everything that warmed the soul, with which life was once filled. Just as “a candle dims and goes out,” so does human life come to an end.

* The well-known publicist M. Molina wrote: “For Russian-speaking people living in Russia or dispersed all over the world, language is the only common heritage ... The first concern is not to let it die.”

*FROM. Erichev noted that "with the help of verbal mental images, we can create or destroy our genetic structure... Some words heal the body... others destroy it."

* "War and Peace" L.N. Tolstoy begins with a lengthy dialogue in French, and the babbling of Anatole Kuragin, who unsuccessfully tried to tell a joke in Russian, looked very pitiful.

* Well-known publicist A. Prosvirnov in the article “Why do we need imported weeds?” resents the unreasonable misuse of foreign words and jargon in our language.

* S. Kaznacheev, in one of his essays, wrote that the “blind” use of borrowings today leads to a distortion of the alphabet, the destruction of words, a disruption in the functioning of the language, and the loss of cultural traditions.

* N. Gal believes that one of the most dangerous diseases of our speech is clerical. Stamps oppress the "living core" of the language, they are dangerous both in the live speech of people and in the speech of characters in literary works.

* Publicist V. Kostomarov is sure that "the language is subject to the people who use it." It reflects the state of society. So “it’s not the language that needs to be corrected now ...”

The Problem of Inspiration

* The famous writer K. Paustovsky noted: “Inspiration enters us like a radiant summer morning that has just thrown off the mists of a quiet night, splashed with dew, with thickets of wet grass. It gently breathes its healing coolness into our faces.

* Tchaikovsky argued that inspiration is a state when a person works with all his strength, like an ox, and does not coquettishly wave his hand.

* The well-known writer, publicist S. Dovlatov, in his essay, reflected on what an inferiority complex is: a perpetual brake or a perpetual motion machine. He is sure that everything depends on us.

*According to the popular scientist and publicist M. Moltz, “inferiority and superiority are two sides of the same coin. Getting rid of them is in realizing that the medal itself is fake.”

The problem of fathers and children

*Modern publicist A.K. Perevozchikova believes that the constant repetition of the conflict of generations is inevitable. The reason often lies in the fact that young people are trying to deny the experience accumulated by their fathers. The older generation should take a position of greater compromise due to the fact that they are able to analyze the situation better, because they have more life experience and more information about similar situations in the history of mankind.

* The problem of relationships between generations is one of the most important in the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". The change of generations is always a complex and painless process. "Children" receive from the "fathers" as an inheritance the entire spiritual experience of mankind. In this case, there is a certain revaluation of values. The experience is being rethought. In the novel, the rejection of the experience of the "fathers" is embodied in Bazarov's nihilism

The hero of the story V.G. Korolenko "The Blind Musician", born blind Peter, had to go through many obstacles on the way to happiness. The inability to see the light, the beauty of the world around him upset him, but he imagined it thanks to his sensitive perception of sounds.

At different stages of history, people treated people with disabilities in different ways. For example, in Sparta, newborn children with physical disabilities were killed.

In the esoteric thriller "The Way of the Fool" S. Sekorisky writes that "naturally physically strong people are rarely smart, since their minds are replaced by fists."

The well-known Russian writer, publicist V. Soloukhin writes in one of his essays that limitation is a relative concept. The space not known by man is so large that all of humanity as a whole can be considered limited.

The novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov was a very intelligent man with vast life experience. But still, his knowledge was limited and gave rise to many contradictions.

* The brilliant psychiatrist A. Adler believed that this complex "is even useful, because a person, solving his problems, is forced to improve."

* F. Iskander in his essay "Soul and Mind" writes that humanity can be divided into "wretched" and "beasts". The fate of the first in this case is to do good during a short life, since "they are doomed to perish." The second has nothing left to do but to recognize the fidelity of the life position of the "wretched" and return back to the shell of self-defense.

* N. Gumilev in the poem "Excerpt" wrote:

Christ said: blessed are the poor,

The fate of the blind, the crippled and the poor is enviable,

I'll take them to the over-stellar villages,

I will make them knights of the sky

And I will call the most glorious of the glorious ...

* A. Pristavkin talks about one of the children's colonies in his work “Kukushata, or a lamentatory song to calm the heart”. On behalf of juvenile delinquents, one of the heroes says: “We have only anger left. Yes, even brutalized against all souls: against the cops, against the village ... Yes, and against the world in general.

* L. Gabyshev wrote about the difficult fate of juvenile delinquents in his work “Orlyan, or the Air of Freedom”.

*Modern publicist A.K. Perevozchikova, in one of her essays, wrote that the danger of a non-standard spiritual search for young people is that it can lead to spiritual and physical destruction of the individual.

*Which of us does not remember Mowgli, the hero of the fairy tale of the same name by R. Kipling? Incredible trials fell to his lot, and the only phrase: "You and I are of the same blood - you and me!" - turned wild animals into friends and helpers. A wonderful fairy tale, probably more for adults, because it teaches love for everything around, teaches you to live in complete harmony with the world.

*At L.N. Tolstoy in his diary there is an interesting entry that “a powerful means to true happiness in life is, without any laws, to let out of itself in all directions, like a spider, a whole web of love and catch everything that has got there ...” Similar foundations of worldview the hero of the story, S. Dovlatov, also preaches. Kenneth Bowers believed that the people of the world are related.

* The famous writer A. Kondratiev wrote that the mixing of languages, races, cultures has been going on for centuries. There are no higher and lower races, no "cultural" and "barbarian" languages, no "entirely independent" and "totally borrowed" cultures. For us, people of the 21st century who know their past, every person on the globe belongs to a single family - HUMANITY.

* The well-known publicist I. Rudenko wrote that “in a country that has won fascism, suffered from fascism, where the very word“ fascist ”is still a curse, lovers of the swastika will be able to lead people ... The superiority of some over others, the fall in the value of human life is a breeding ground from which fascism can grow."

* Scientist, publicist D.S. Likhachev believed that "nationalism is a manifestation of the weakness of the nation, and not its strength." In his opinion, weak peoples become infected with nationalism. A great people with its great culture and national traditions must be kind, especially if the fate of a small people is connected with it.

* L. Zhukhovitsky, in his essay, spoke about how in Moscow he was severely beaten by police sergeants Hero of Russia, aircraft and spacecraft tester Magomet Tolboev just because they wanted to more thoroughly check the face of Caucasian nationality. Thanks to journalists, this story became known to the public. They apologized to the victims. But the author asks: “What if a simple person were in Tolboev’s place?”

* The famous Russian writer M. Prishvin in the story "Treacherous Sausage" tells about the amazing, interesting world of animals. The author believes that our four-legged pets are sometimes unusually smart and able to surprise us with their behavior no less than people.

* The famous Russian writer M. Prishvin in the story "Treacherous Sausage" argued that if there is a four-legged friend in the house, the owner must be responsible for him, educate him in order to avoid unpleasant misunderstandings and tragedies.

*FROM. Exupery wrote: "We are responsible for those whom we have tamed."

* D. Granin, in an essay on the book of the English veterinarian D. Harriot "On all creatures - large and small," admires the work of this man, who heals day by day, and sometimes saves our smaller brothers.

* In M. Moskvina's story "Don't step on the beetle", seventh-grader Zhenya learns that her classmates kill dogs and give them to businessmen to make hats. The girl asks: “What do people think? How will they live?

* In N. Leonov’s story “The Vultures”, an outwardly respectable young man destroys animals, and then a person, for the sake of self-assertion…

* In the work of V. Mayakovsky there is a wonderful poem about a horse that "crashed on its croup." The poet condemns people who do not notice a fallen animal in the bustle of the city, which looks at everything upside down and understands that no one needs it. The author is very sorry for the horse, he convinces the reader that not only people can suffer, worry. For some reason they just forget about it.

* In the story “Ors”, Y. Bondarev tells how the owners killed a dog with a shovel just because it did not protect apples in the garden from thieves.

The problem of attitude to learning

* The well-known publicist S. Soloveichik believes that "there are two types of occupations in the world: teaching with torment and teaching with passion." And it is teaching with passion - "a happy life."

* An irresponsible attitude to learning is shown in D. Fonvizin's "Undergrowth".

* Well-known publicist A.A. Zinoviev writes that computers "have become the omnipotent deities of our Global human life." According to the author, they are considered the materialization of our spiritual life, our souls, a kind of "confessors" of our thoughts.

The problem of the future of the book

* The popular publicist S. Kuriyu argued in the essay "The Book and the Computer Age" about whether the book will die under the condition of the development of modern information technologies. The author argued that a book is primarily a text, but in what format it is presented does not matter for the essence of the work.

* V. Soloukhin writes about the enormous advantage of the book over the cinema. The reader, in his opinion, "directs" his film himself, the film director does not impose on him the appearance of the characters. Thus, reading books is a more creative process than sitting in front of a “box”, when a person is more a consumer than a creator.

I. Bukin - Honored Artist of Russia, famous entertainer, author of the book "Well, burn me at the stake! ..." In his work, he tells about how he walked the ladder of success, as well as about such performers as A. Pugacheva, I. Kobzon and others, with whom he worked together.

In the book by N Nadezhdin "Freddie Mercury:" I want to become a legend ", he presented the biography of a wonderful singer, leader of the Queen group, a unique voice, the expressive manner of singing of which fans of his work will long remember.

V. Kholodkovsky in the book "House in Klin" spoke about the life and work of the great Russian composer P.I. Tchaikovsky.

* A modern publicist A. Varlamov believes that "there is a totalitarian offensive of yellowness." In contrast to it, it is necessary to publish literary journals that will be called upon to preserve our main wealth - language, must make life facts a fact of literature, present Russian life in all its richness from the western borders to the eastern.

* The well-known publicist V. Kutyrev believes that television is likened to the "gifts of the Danaans." This is an illusory good, fraught with a threat, depriving a person of joy and direct communication.

* V. Soloukhin wrote that the general enthusiasm for television programs forms a consumer attitude towards art and reduces the cognitive and creative activity of a person. Entertainment programs are of the greatest interest, and special programs are more likely to interest a non-specialist.

* I. Petrovsky in the essay “We Remain. Where are we to go?" writes with regret that there are few truly talented, useful, interesting programs on television. From year to year, the growing disproportion between what the viewer needs and what is beneficial to television itself cannot but disturb people who think in the slightest.

*Love...What is this feeling? Why do people deify him? Light, gentle bliss or all-consuming passion? This is a question to which we will search for an answer, perhaps for the rest of our lives. Let us recall the poetic lines of W. Shakespeare:

What is love?

Madness from fumes

Playing with fire leading to fire

ignited a sea of ​​tears,

Thinking - thoughtlessness for the sake of,

A mixture of poison and antidote...

* The well-known publicist O. Kozhukhova wrote: “Love exalts and has mercy, but it also punishes with the objectivity of an impartial, but strict judge, rejecting the insignificant, vile, petty. The power of attraction to a beloved being is able to overcome all obstacles and difficulties.

In the cycle of poems "The Ballad of Love", V. Vysotsky argued that a great feeling unites all lovers into a single Land of Love. The following lines sound unusually reverent:

I will lay the fields for lovers -

Let them sing in a dream and in reality!...

I breathe, which means - I love! I love, and therefore - I live!

Love

Love is the greatest feeling that works miracles in general, that creates new people, creates the greatest human values. A.S. Makarenko

Pepper:

The problem of the relationship between man and nature.

The role of nature in human life

The problem of ecological catastrophe

Seeing beauty in the ordinary

friendship

History

The problem of preserving historical memory.

Attitude to cultural heritage The role of cultural traditions in the moral development of a person Fathers and children

The problem of disrespectful attitude of youth towards old age and old people. Loneliness problem.

The problem of assessing talent by contemporaries.

Work

The problem of drug addiction.

The problem of love for the motherland

The problem of choosing a profession.

Russian language

The problem of moral duty, moral choice.

The problem of the national spirit in the tragic moments of history

War and Peace

The problem of the moral strength of a simple soldier

The problem of the heroic everyday life of war

Literature and poetry

Mind, knowledge, book, science

The role of books in human life

good and evil

Good Speech

conscience, morality

Youth, youth

Will, freedom

Heroism, deeds

Art

Sports, movement

HUMAN RESPONSIBILITY

The problem of responsibility.

Self-sacrifice. Love for your neighbor.

Human self-realization. Life is a struggle for happiness

False Values

The problem of the development of science and technology

Everyone has in their hands fate peace

The role of personality in history

The impact of art on the spiritual development of man

The educational function of art

Interpersonal relationships

Fear in a person's life

The problem of human rights and obligations

The problem of moral degradation of the individual

Man and scientific progress The role of science in modern life Spiritual consequences of scientific discoveries Scientific progress and moral qualities of man

Laws of social development. Man and power

Man and knowledge.

The problem of conscience

role of example. Human education

The problem of spirituality

The problem of boorish attitude towards others (or (in) worthy behavior in society)

The problem of the influence of religion on human life

The problem of moral squeamishness

The problem of human stinginess

The problem of true and false human interest in culture

The influence of art, culture on a person

The problem of ethical aspects of human cloning

The problem of true and false education

The problem of heredity

The problem of the influence of scientific activity on human life and habits

The problem of the truth of art

The problem of timely education

The problem of attitude to learning

The problem of the relationship between science and religion

The problem of human perception of the surrounding world

The problem of hypocrisy

The problem of bribery, lawlessness of officials

The problem of philistinism

The problem of transience of human happiness

The problem of the influence of the personality of the teacher on the formation of the character of students

The problem of irresponsibility of officials

The problem of the Russian village

The problem of love of freedom

The problem of human realization of superpowers

The problem of the relationship between the people and the authorities

The problem of courage and heroism in peacetime

The problem of heroism during the Great Patriotic War

The problem of the heroism of people of peaceful professions during the WWII in

The problem of national unity during the war

POW problem

The problem of patriotism

The problem of true and false patriotism

The problem of opposition of geniuses to the outside world

The problem of the tragic situation of man in a totalitarian state

The role of personality in history

The Problem of the Moral Lessons of History

The problem of betrayal during the war

The problem of motherhood

The Problem of the Transformative Power of Parental Love

The problem of parenthood

The problem of merciless attitude of adults to the child

The life and fate of women

The problem of finding the meaning of life

The problem of the moral health of the nation

The problem of the role of the intelligentsia in society

The problem of lonely old age

The problem of attitude to the native language

The problem of inspiration.

Psychological problem of inferiority complex

The problem of fathers and children

The problem of human limitation

The problem of juvenile delinquency

The problem of non-standard spiritual search of modern young people

The problem of the unity of peoples and cultures

The problem of crime motivated by interethnic hostility (or nationalism)

The problem of human perception of the animal world

The problem of human relations with animals

The problem of attitude to learning

Computer abuse problem

The problem of the future of the book

The problem of educating true masters of the performing arts

The role of printed publications in modern Russia

The role of television in human life

The problem of the relationship between a woman and a man

Love

Task No. 20 of the Unified State Examination in mathematics contains a quick wit task. The tasks in this section are more intuitive than in task 19 of the Unified State Examination, but nevertheless they are quite difficult for an ordinary student. So, let's move on to the consideration of typical options.

Analysis of typical options for assignments No. 20 USE in mathematics of a basic level

The first version of the task (demo version 2018)

• for 2 gold coins get 3 silver and one copper;
• for 5 silver coins, get 3 gold and one copper.

Nicholas had only silver coins. After several visits to the exchange office, he had fewer silver coins, no gold coins, but 50 copper coins appeared. By how much did Nicholas's number of silver coins decrease?

Execution algorithm:

1. Enter symbols.
2. Record task data using legend.
3. Logically identify the unknown.

Solution:

According to the condition, no gold coins appeared, which means that all the gold coins received after the second operation were exchanged by Nikolai using the first operation. Gold coins can only be changed in 2 pieces, therefore, there were an even number of second transactions.

Let's introduce the notation, let there be 2n second operations (the number is always even).

If we apply the second operation, we get:

All gold coins were exchanged during the first operation. For one operation, you can exchange 2 gold coins at once, which means that (3 · 2n)/2 = 3 n will be completed in total. I.e

3 2n gold coins were exchanged for 3 3n silver + 3n copper.

Or after conversion:

Let's compare the results of the first and second operations:

5 x 2n silver was exchanged for 3 x 2n gold + 2n copper.

3 2n gold exchanged for 9n silver + 3n copper

5 2n silver exchanged for 9n silver + 3n copper + 2n copper

10n silver exchanged for 9n silver + 5n copper

If, having exchanged 10 n silver coins, we get 9 n silver coins, then Nikolai's number of silver coins has decreased by n. It can be seen from the last expression that Nikolai received 5n copper coins, and according to the condition, 50 copper coins appeared, that is, 5n = 50.

The second version of the assignment

Masha and the Bear ate 100 cookies and a jar of jam, starting and finishing at the same time. At first, Masha ate jam, and the Bear ate cookies, but at some point they changed. The bear eats both three times faster than Masha. How many cookies did the Bear eat if they ate the same amount of jam?

Execution algorithm:

1. Compare results.
2. Find the unknown.

Solution:

1. Since both Masha and the Bear ate the jam equally, and at the same time the Bear ate the jam 3 times faster, Masha ate the jam (her half) 3 times longer than the Bear (the same half).
2. Then it turns out that the Bear ate cookies 3 times longer than Masha and, moreover, ate them 3 times faster, that is, for one cookie Masha ate, there were 3∙3=9 cookies eaten by the Bear.
3. These cookies add up to 1+9=10 and there are exactly 100:10 = 10 such sums in 100 cookies.
4. So Masha ate 10 cookies, and the Bear 9∙10=90.

The third version of the task

Masha and the Bear ate 51 cookies and a jar of jam, starting and finishing at the same time. At first, Masha ate jam, and the Bear ate cookies, but at some point they changed. The bear eats both four times faster than Masha. How many cookies did the Bear eat if they ate the same amount of jam?

Execution algorithm:

1. Determine who and how many times longer ate cookies.
2. Determine who and how many times longer ate jam.
3. Compare results.
4. Find the unknown.

Solution:

1. Since both Masha and the Bear ate the jam equally, and at the same time the Bear ate the jam 4 times faster, Masha ate the jam (her half) 4 times longer than the Bear (the same half).
2. Then it turns out that the Bear ate cookies 4 times longer than Masha and, moreover, ate them 4 times faster, that is, for one cookie Masha ate, there were 4∙4=16 cookies eaten by the Bear.
3. These cookies add up to 1+16=17 and there are exactly 51:17 = 3 such sums in 51 cookies.
4. So, Masha ate 3 cookies, and the Bear 3∙16=48.

The fourth option

If each of the two factors were increased by 1, their product would increase by 11. In fact, each of the two factors was increased by 2. By how much did the product increase?

Execution algorithm:

1. Enter symbols.
2. Convert the resulting expression.
3. Find the unknown.

Solution:

When these factors are increased by 1, their product increases by 11, that is,

Now, similarly, we calculate how much the product will increase if the factors are increased by 2 and substitute the already known a + b = 10:

Fifth option

If each of the two factors were increased by 1, their product would increase by 3. In fact, each of the two factors was increased by 5. By how much did the product increase?

Execution algorithm:

1. Enter symbols.
2. Write the first condition using the notation.
3. Convert the resulting expression.
4. Write down the second condition using symbols.
5. Convert the resulting expression.
6. Find the unknown.

Solution:

Let the first factor be equal to a, and the second b, their product is equal to ab.

When these factors are increased by 1, their product increases by 3, that is,

We transfer the product ab to the left side with the opposite sign and open the brackets by multiplying.

Now, similarly, we calculate how much the product will increase if the factors are increased by 5 and substitute the already known a + b = 2:

Variant of the twentieth task 2017

The rectangle is divided into four smaller rectangles by two straight line segments. The perimeters of three of them, starting from the top left and proceeding clockwise, are 24, 28 and 16. Find the perimeter of the fourth rectangle.

Let's redraw the rectangle in a form convenient for us:

Now let's write equations using the formula for the perimeter of a rectangle:

Variant of the twentieth task of 2019 (1)

The list of tasks of the quiz consisted of 25 questions. For each correct answer, the student received 7 points, for an incorrect answer, 10 points were deducted from him, and if there was no answer, they were given 0 points. How many correct answers were given by the student who scored 42 points, if it is known that he was wrong at least once?

Execution algorithm

1. We make combinations of correct and incorrect answers and determine the number of points in them, for example: 1) 1 right + 1 wrong \u003d 7–10 \u003d -3 points; 2) 2 right + 1 wrong = 2 7–10 = 4 points, etc.
2. Of the points for the right answers and the points for their combinations, we “gain” 42 points. We count the number of questions that were asked at the same time.
3. The remaining difference between the number of questions received and the given 25 questions is defined as those that were not answered.
4. Let's check the result.

Solution:

Let's introduce the notation: right answer - 1P, wrong answer - 1H.

We set combinations and determine the number of points that will be awarded in this case:

1P=7 points

1P+1N=7–10=–3 b.

2P+1H=2 7–10=4 b.

3P+1N=3 7–10=11 b.

Let's summarize the points that can be obtained in this case: 7+ (–3)+4+11=19. This is clearly not enough. And you can definitely add 11 more: 19+11=30. To "get" up to 42 points, you must further add 12 points, which are scored by triple occurrence of 4 points. In general, we get:

7+(–3)+4+11+11+3 4=42.

We write the resulting combination of terms in the form of answers:

1P+(1P+1N)+(2P+1N)+(3P+1N)+(3P+1N)+3 (2P+1N)=1P+1P+1N+2P+1N+3P+1N+3P+ 1N + 6P + 3N \u003d 16P + 7N (answers).

16+7=23 answers. 25–23=2 responses for which 0 points were received, i.e. these are questions left unanswered.

So, according to our calculations, 16 correct answers were given.

Let's check it out:

16 answers for 7 b. + 7 answers for (-10) b. + 2 answers for 0 b. = 16 7–7 10+2 0=112–70+0=42 (points).

Variant of the twentieth task of 2019 (2)

The table has three columns and several rows. A natural number was written in each cell of the table so that the sum of all the numbers in the first column is 103, in the second - 97, in the third - 93, and the sum of the numbers in each row is greater than 21, but less than 24. How many rows are there in the table?

Execution algorithm

1. Find the total for all the numbers in the table (by adding the sums for each of the 3 columns).
2. We determine the range of valid values ​​for the sums of numbers in each line.
3. Dividing the total amount first by the smallest sum of numbers in each line, and then by the largest, we get the required number of lines.

Solution:

The total sum of the numbers in the table is: 103+97+93=293.

Since by condition the sums of numbers in each row are >21, but<24, то кол-во строк X может быть равным меньше, чем 293:21≈13,95, и больше, чем 293:24≈12,21. Т.е.: 12,21 < X < 13,95. Единственное целое число в полученном диапазоне – 13. Значит, искомое кол-во строк равно 13.

Variant of the twentieth task of 2019 (3)

There are only eighteen apartments in the house, numbered from 1 to 18. At least one and no more than three people live in each apartment. A total of 15 people live in apartments from 1st to 13th inclusive, and a total of 20 people live in apartments from 11th to 18th inclusive. How many people live in this house?

Execution algorithm

1. We determine the maximum number of people living in apartments 11–13 using data on how many people live in apartments 1–13.
2. We find the minimum number of residents of apartments 11–13, taking into account the data on those living in apartments 11–18.
3. Comparing the data obtained in paragraphs 1–2, we obtain the exact number of residents of these apartments Nos. 11–13.
4. We find the number of people living in apartments 1-10th and 14-18th.
5. We calculate the total number of residents of the house.

Solution:

In the first 13 apartments (from the 1st to the 13th) there are 15 people. This means that 1 person lives in 11 apartments plus 2 people in 2 apartments (11 1+2 2=15). Consequently, at least 3 and no more than 5 (1+2+2) people live in apartments 11–13 (i.e., in 3 apartments).

The second 8 apartments (11th to 18th) are home to 20 people. At the same time, from the 14th to the 18th apartments (i.e., in 5 apartments), more than 5 3 = 15 people cannot live. And consequently, no less than 20–15=5 people live in apartments 11-13.

Those. on the one hand, no more than 5 people should live in apartments 11-13, and on the other, at least 5 people. Conclusion: exactly 5 people live in these apartments, because. there are no other valid values ​​for both cases.

Then we get: 15–5=10 people live in apartments 1–10, 20–5=15 people live in apartments 14–18. In total, the house is inhabited by: 10+5+15=30 people.

Variant of the twentieth task of 2019 (4)

In the exchange office, you can perform one of two operations:

• for 4 gold coins get 5 silver and one copper;
• for 7 silver coins get 5 gold and one copper.

Nicholas had only silver coins. After several visits to the exchange office, he had fewer silver coins, no gold coins, but 45 copper coins appeared. By how much did Nicholas's number of silver coins decrease?

Execution algorithm

1. We determine the number of silver coins that Nikolai needs to make a double exchange so that he does not have gold coins. Double exchange is the exchange of first silver coins for gold and copper, and then gold for silver and copper.
2. We determine the number of different coins that Nikolai will have as a result of 1 double exchange.
3. We calculate the number of double exchanges that must be made in order for 45 copper coins to appear.
4. We find the number of silver coins that Nikolai had to have initially in order to make the required number of exchanges, and which he received as a result of all exchanges.
5. We determine the desired difference.

Solution:

Nikolay must make the 1st exchange according to the 2nd scheme, because he only has silver coins. In order for him not to have gold coins as a result, you need to find the minimum multiple of 5 gold coins that he will receive, and 4 gold coins that can be accepted from him at a time in full (without a remainder). This is the number 20.

Accordingly, in order to get 20 gold coins, Nikolai must have 20:5 = 4 sets of 7 silver coins. So, initially he should have 4·7=28 of them. And at the same time, Nikolai also receives 1 4 = 4 copper coins.

Making an exchange, Nikolay gives 20:4=5 sets of gold medals. In return, he receives 5 x 5 = 25 silver coins and 1 x 5 = 5 copper coins.

Thus, as a result of one exchange, Nikolai will have 25 silver coins and 4 + 5 = 9 copper coins. Since in the end Nicholas had 45 copper coins, it means that 45:9=5 double exchanges were made.

If as a result of 1 double exchange Nikolay had 25 silver coins, then after 5 such exchanges he will have 25 5 = 125 pieces. And initially he had to have 28 5 = 140 silver coins for this. Consequently, their number at Nikolai decreased by 140–125=15 pieces.

Variant of the twentieth task of 2019 (5)

All entrances of the house have the same number of floors, and all floors have the same number of apartments. At the same time, the number of floors in the house is greater than the number of apartments per floor, the number of apartments per floor is greater than the number of entrances, and the number of entrances is more than one. How many floors are there in a building if there are 357 apartments in total?

Execution algorithm

1. We define the equation for determining the number of apartments in the house in total through the parameters stated in the condition (i.e. through the number of apartments on the floor, etc.).
2. We factorize 357.
3. We find the correspondence of the obtained multipliers to specific parameters, proceeding from the condition of which of the parameters is greater or less than the others.

Solution:

Because on all floors the same number of apartments (X), on all entrances the same number of floors (Y), then denoting the number of entrances through Z, we can write: 357=X·Y·Z.

We decompose 357 into prime factors. We get: 357=3 7 17 1. And this is the only scheduling option. Because Y>X>Z>1, then we do not take into account the unit in the layout and determine that Z=3, X=7, Y=17.

Since the number of floors was indicated by Y, the desired number is 17.

Variant of the twentieth task of 2019 (6)

Of the ten countries, seven have signed a friendship treaty with exactly three countries, and each of the remaining three with exactly seven. How many contracts were signed in total?

Execution algorithm

1. We count the number of agreements signed by 7 countries.
2. We determine the number of agreements signed by the 3 remaining countries.
3. Find the total number of signed contracts. We divide it by 2, because bilateral agreements.

Solution:

The first 7 countries have signed agreements with 3 countries, i.е. 7 3 = 21 signatures were put on these contracts. Similarly, the remaining 3 countries, when drawing up contracts with 7 countries, put 3·7=21 signatures. This means that 21+21=42 signatures were put in total.

Because Since all contracts are bilateral, this means that each of them has 2 signatures. Consequently, there are half as many contracts as there are signatures, i.е. 42:2=21 contract.

Variant of the twentieth task of 2019 (7)

On the surface of the globe, 13 parallels and 25 meridians were drawn with a felt-tip pen. Into how many parts did the drawn lines divide the surface of the globe?

A meridian is an arc of a circle that connects the North and South Poles. A parallel is a circle lying in a plane parallel to the plane of the equator.

Execution algorithm

1. We prove that the parallels divide the globe into 13 + 1 parts.
2. We prove that the meridians divide the globe into 25 parts.
3. We determine the number of parts into which the globe is divided as a whole, as a product of the found numbers.

Solution:

If any parallel is a circle, then it is a closed line. And this means that the 1st parallel divides the globe into 2 parts. Further, the 2nd parallel provides a division into 3 parts, the 3rd - into 4, etc. As a result, 13 parallels will divide the globe into 13 + 1 = 14 parts.

The meridian is an arc of a circle connecting the poles, i.e. it is not a closed line and does not divide the globe into parts. But 2 meridians are already dividing, i.e. 2 meridians provide a division into 2 parts, then the 3rd meridian adds the 3rd part, the 4th - the 5th part, etc. So, ultimately, 25 meridians create 25 parts on the globe.

The total number of parts on the globe is: 14 25=350 parts.

Variant of the twentieth task of 2019 (8)

There are 30 mushrooms in the basket: mushrooms and milk mushrooms. It is known that among any 12 mushrooms there is at least one camelina, and among any 20 mushrooms there is at least one mushroom. How many mushrooms are in the basket?

Execution algorithm

1. We determine the number of milk mushrooms among 12 mushrooms and mushrooms among 20 mushrooms.
2. We prove that there is only one correct number representing the number of saffron milk caps. We fix it in the answer.

Solution:

If there is at least 1 mushroom among 12 mushrooms, then there are no more than 11 mushrooms. If there is at least 1 mushroom among 20 mushrooms, then there are no more than 19 mushrooms.

This means that if there cannot be more than 11 milk mushrooms, then there cannot be less than 30–11=19 mushrooms. Those. there are no more than 19 mushrooms on one side, and at least 19 on the other. Therefore, there can only be exactly 19 mushrooms.

Variant of the twentieth task of 2019 (9)

If each of the two factors were increased by 1, then their product would increase by 3. By how much will the product of these factors increase if each of them is increased by 5?

Execution algorithm

1. We introduce the notation for the multipliers. This will allow us to express the original product (before increasing the factors).
2. We make an equation for the situation when the factors are increased by 1. We perform transformations. We get a new expression that displays the relationship between the original factors.
3. We make an equation for the situation when the factors are increased by 5. We perform transformations. We introduce the expression obtained in paragraph 2 into the equation, we find the desired difference.

Solution:

Let the 1st factor be equal to x, the 2nd to y. Then their product is xy.

After the multipliers are increased by 1, we get:

(x+1)(y+1)=xy+3

xy + y + x + 1 = xy +3

After increasing the multipliers by 5, we have:

(x + 5) (y + 5) \u003d xy + N, where N is the desired difference in products.

We perform transformations:

xy+5y+5x+25=xy+N

N= xy + 5y + 5x + 25- xy

Because above it is already defined that x + y \u003d 2, then we get:

Variant of the twentieth task of 2019 (10)

Sasha invited Petya to visit, saying that he lives in the seventh entrance in apartment No. 462, but he forgot to say the floor. Approaching the house, Petya discovered that the house had seven floors. What floor does Sasha live on? (On all floors, the number of apartments is the same, the numbering of apartments in the building starts from one.)

Execution algorithm

1. By the selection method, we determine the number of apartments on the site. This number should be such that the apartment number is greater than the number of apartments in 6 entrances, but less than the number of apartments in 7.
2. We determine the number of apartments in 6 entrances. We subtract this number from 462 and divide by the number of apartments on the site. So we find out the desired floor number. Note: 1) if an integer is received, then the desired floor number is 1 more than the calculated value; 2) if a fractional number is received, then the floor number will be the result rounded up.

Solution:

We are looking for the number of apartments on the site, checking number by number.

Suppose this number is 3. Then we get that there are 7 6 3 = 126 apartments in 7 entrances on 6 floors,

and in 7 entrances on 7 floors 7 7 3 = 147 apartments.

Apartment #462 definitely does not fall into the range of apartments #126–147.

Similarly, checking the numbers 4, 5, etc., we arrive at the number 10. Let's prove that it is suitable:

in 7 entrances on 6 floors there are 7 6 10=420 apartments,

in 7 entrances on 7 floors: 7 7 10=490 apartments. Since 420<462<490, то условие задания выполнено.

In order to get to apartment No. 462, you need to pass by 462–420=42 apartments. Because there are 10 apartments on each site, then 42:10 = 4.2 floors must be overcome for this. 4.2 means that you need to go through 4 floors completely and go up to the 5th. Thus, the desired floor is the 5th.

Yakovleva Natalya Sergeevna
Position: mathematic teacher
Educational institution: MKOU "Buninskaya secondary school"
Locality: Bunino village, Solntsevsky district, Kursk region
Material name: article
Topic:"Methods for solving tasks No. 20 USE in mathematics basic level"
Publication date: 05.03.2018
Chapter: complete education

The unified state exam is currently the only

form of final certification of high school graduates. And receiving

certificate of secondary education is not possible without the successful passing of the exam in

mathematics. Mathematics is not only an important academic subject, but

and quite complex. Mathematical skills are far

not all children, and their future fate depends on the successful passing of the exam.

Graduate teachers ask the question again and again: “How can I help

student in preparation for the exam and successfully pass it? In order to

the graduate received a certificate enough to pass the basic level of mathematics. BUT

the success of the exam is directly related to how the teacher speaks

methodology for solving various problems. I bring to your attention examples

solving task No. 20 mathematics basic level FIPI 2018 under

edited by M.V. Yashchenko.

1 .On the tape on opposite sides of the middle, two stripes are marked: blue and

red. If the tape is cut along the red strip, then one part will be 5 cm

longer than the other. If the tape is cut along the blue strip, then one part will be on

15 cm longer than the other. Find the distance between red and blue

stripes.

Solution:

Let a cm be the distance from the left end of the ribbon to the blue stripe, in cm

distance from the right end of the tape to the red stripe, cm distance

between the stripes. It is known that if the tape is cut along the red strip, then

one part is 5 cm longer than the other, that is, a + c - b \u003d 5. If cut by

blue stripe, then one part will be 15 cm longer than the other, which means that in + s -

a=15. We add two equalities term by term: a + c-b + c + c-a \u003d 20, 2c \u003d 20, c \u003d 10.

2 . The arithmetic mean of 6 distinct natural numbers is 8. On

how much should the largest of these numbers be increased so that the average

arithmetic has increased by 1.

Solution: Since the arithmetic mean of 6 natural numbers is 8,

so the sum of these numbers is 8*6=48. Arithmetic mean of numbers

increased by 1 and became equal to 9, and the number of numbers did not change, which means that

the sum of the numbers becomes equal to 9*6=54. To find how much one has increased

from the numbers, you need to find the difference 54-48=6.

3. The cells of the 6x5 table are painted in black and white. Pairs of neighbors

26 cells of different colors, pairs of neighboring black cells 6. How many pairs

neighboring white cells.

Solution:

In each horizontal line, 5 pairs of neighboring cells are formed, which means that

there will be 5*5=25 pairs of neighboring cells horizontally. Vertically

4 pairs of neighboring cells are formed, that is, a total of pairs of neighboring cells along

vertical will be 4*6=24. In total, 24+25=49 pairs of neighboring cells are formed. From

there are 26 pairs of different colors, 6 pairs of black, therefore there will be 49 pairs of white

26-6 = 17 par.

Answer: 17.

4. On the counter of the flower shop are three vases of roses: white, blue and

red. There are 15 roses to the left of the red vase and 12 to the right of the blue vase.

roses. There are 22 roses in total in vases. How many roses are in the white vase?

Solution: Let x roses be in a white vase, y roses be in a blue vase, z roses be in

red. According to the condition of the problem, there are 22 roses in vases, that is, x + y + z = 22. It is known

that to the left of the red vase, that is, there are 15 roses in the blue and white ones, which means that x + y \u003d 15. BUT

to the right of the blue vase, that is, there are 12 roses in the white and red vase, so x + z = 12.

Received:

Let's add the 2nd and 3rd equalities term by term: x+y+x+ z=27 or 22+x=27, x=5.

5 .Masha and the Bear ate 160 cookies and a jar of jam, starting and finishing

simultaneously. At first Masha ate jam, and Bear biscuits, but in some

moment they changed. The bear eats both 3 times faster than Masha.

How many cookies did the Bear eat if they ate the jam equally.

Solution: Since Masha and the Bear started eating cookies and jam

at the same time and finished at the same time, and they ate one product, and then

another, and according to the condition of the problem, the Bear eats both 3 times faster than

Masha means the Bear devoured food 9 times faster than Masha. Then let x

Masha ate the cookies, and the Bear ate 9 cookies. It is known that they ate everything

160 cookies. We get: x + 9x \u003d 160, 10x \u003d 160, x \u003d 16, which means that the bear ate

16*9=144 cookies.

6. Several consecutive pages fell out of the book. Last number

pages before the dropped sheets 352. Number of the first page after

of the dropped sheets is written with the same numbers, but in a different order.

How many sheets fell out?

Solution: Let x sheets fall out, then the number of dropped pages is 2x, then

is an even number. The number of the first dropped page is 353. The difference between

the number of the first dropped page and the first page after the dropped

must be an even number, which means that the number after the dropped sheets will be

523. Then the number of dropped sheets will be equal to (523-353):2=85.

7. It is known about the natural numbers A, B, C that each of them is greater than 5, but

less than 9. Think of a natural number, then multiply by A, add B and

subtracted C. We got 164. What number was conceived?

Solution: Let x be a natural number, then Ax+B-C=164, Ax=

164 - (B-C), since the numbers A, B, C are greater than 5, but less than 9, then -2≤B-C≤2,

so Ax = 166; 165; 164;163;162. Of the numbers 6,7,8, only 6 is

The unified state exam in mathematics at the basic level consists of 20 tasks. Task 20 tests the skills of solving logical problems. The student should be able to apply their knowledge to solve problems in practice, including arithmetic and geometric progression. Here you can learn how to solve task 20 of the Unified State Examination in mathematics at a basic level, as well as study examples and solutions based on detailed tasks.

All tasks USE database all tasks (263) USE database task 1 (5) USE database task 2 (6) USE database task 3 (45) USE database task 4 (33) USE database task 5 (2) USE database task 6 (44) ) USE base assignment 7 (1) USE base assignment 8 (12) USE base assignment 10 (22) USE base assignment 12 (5) USE base assignment 13 (20) USE base assignment 15 (13) USE base assignment 19 (23) USE base task 20 (32)

Two transverse stripes are marked on the tape on different sides from the middle

On the tape, on different sides from the middle, two transverse stripes are marked: blue and red. If you cut the tape along the blue strip, then one part will be longer than the other by A cm. If you cut along the red one, then one part will be longer than the other by B cm. Find the distance from the red to the blue strip.

The task about the tape is part of the USE in mathematics of the basic level for grade 11 at number 20.

Biologists have discovered a variety of amoeba

Biologists have discovered a variety of amoeba, each of which divides into two exactly in a minute. The biologist puts an amoeba in a test tube, and exactly after N hours the test tube is completely filled with amoeba. How many minutes will it take for the whole test tube to be filled with amoebas if we put not one, but K amoebas in it?

When demonstrating summer clothes, the outfits of each fashion model

When demonstrating summer clothes, the outfits of each fashion model differ in at least one of three elements: a blouse, a skirt and shoes. In total, the fashion designer prepared for the demonstration A types of blouses, B types of skirts and C types of shoes. How many different outfits will be shown in this demo?

The task about outfits is part of the USE in mathematics of the basic level for grade 11 at number 20.

A group of tourists overcame a mountain pass

A group of tourists overcame a mountain pass. They covered the first kilometer of the ascent in K minutes, and each next kilometer covered L minutes longer than the previous one. The last kilometer before the summit was covered in M ​​minutes. After resting N minutes at the top, the tourists began their descent, which was more gentle. The first kilometer after the top was covered in P minutes, and each next one is R minutes faster than the previous one. How many hours did the group spend on the entire route if the last kilometer of the descent was covered in S minutes.

The task is part of the USE in mathematics of the basic level for grade 11 at number 20.

The doctor prescribed the patient to take the medicine according to this scheme.

The doctor prescribed the patient to take the medicine according to the following scheme: on the first day he should take K drops, and on each next day - N drops more than on the previous one. How many bottles of medicine should the patient buy for the entire course of treatment if each contains M drops?

The task is part of the USE in mathematics of the basic level for grade 11 at number 20.

According to Moore's empirical law, the average number of transistors on microcircuits

According to Moore's empirical law, the average number of transistors on microcircuits increases N times every year. It is known that in 2005 the average number of transistors on a microcircuit was K million. Determine how many millions of transistors on the microcircuit were on average in 2003.

The task is part of the USE in mathematics of the basic level for grade 11 at number 20.

Oil company drilling a well to extract oil

An oil company is drilling a well for oil production, which, according to geological exploration, lies at a depth of N km. During the working day, drillers go L meters deep, but during the night the well “silts up” again, that is, it is filled with soil for K meters. How many working days will oil workers drill a well to the depth of oil?

The task is part of the USE in mathematics of the basic level for grade 11 at number 20.

Refrigerator sales volume in a home appliances store is seasonal

In a home appliance store, sales of refrigerators are seasonal. In January, K refrigerators were sold, and in the next three months they sold L refrigerators each. Since May, sales have increased by M units compared to the previous month. Since September, the volume of sales began to decrease by N refrigerators every month relative to the previous month. How many refrigerators did the store sell in a year?

The task is part of the USE in mathematics of the basic level for grade 11 at number 20.

The coach advised Andrey to spend on the treadmill on the first day of classes

The trainer advised Andrey to spend L minutes on the treadmill on the first day of training, and to increase the time spent on the treadmill by M minutes at each next session. How many sessions will Andrey spend on the treadmill in total N hours K minutes if he follows the coach's advice?

The task is part of the USE in mathematics of the basic level for grade 11 at number 20.

Every second a bacterium divides into two new bacteria.

Every second a bacterium divides into two new bacteria. It is known that bacteria fill the entire volume of one glass in N hours. In how many seconds will the glass be filled with bacteria by 1/K part?

The task is part of the USE in mathematics of the basic level for grade 11 at number 20.

There are four gas stations on the ring road: A, B, C and D

There are four gas stations on the ring road: A, B, C and D. The distance between A and B is K km, between A and C is L km, between C and D is M km, between D and A is N km (all distances measured along the ring road along the shortest arc). Find the distance (in kilometers) between B and C.

The task about the gas station is part of the USE in mathematics of the basic level for grade 11 at number 20.

Sasha invited Petya to visit, saying that he lives

Sasha invited Petya to visit, saying that he lives in the K entrance in apartment No. M, but he forgot to say the floor. Approaching the house, Petya discovered that the house was N-storey. What floor does Sasha live on? (On all floors, the number of apartments is the same, the numbers of apartments in the building start from one.)

The task about apartments and houses is part of the USE in mathematics of the basic level for grade 11 at number 20.