Types of analyzes of the mineral composition of water. Start in science. Consumer preferences when buying mineral waters

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Introduction
conclusions
List of used literature and sources
Applications

Introduction

Eastern peoples reverently treat water, considering it one of the main elements of the universe. The local sages are sure that the water from the healing springs relaxes, calms, relieves irritation, fever and aggression. The history of the use of mineral waters has many hundreds of years.

In ancient times, the Greeks built sanctuaries at the healing springs dedicated to the god Asclepius (the Romans erected temples in honor of Aesculapius in similar places), the patron saint of medicine. In Greece, archaeologists have discovered the ruins of an ancient hydropathic facility built around the 6th century BC. The remains of ancient baths are also found here in the Caucasus, where they not only bathed, but were also treated with mineral waters. From generation to generation, oral traditions were passed down about the miraculous properties of the waters gushing out of the ground here.

The history of the study and use of mineral waters in Russia is connected with the name of Peter I, who 285 years ago ordered by his decree to look for key waters in Russia. By his order, the first hydrotherapy resort in Russia was built on the Marcial (ferrous) waters in the Olonets province in Karelia. In 1803, Alexander I recognized the national importance of the Caucasian mineral waters and began to study their healing properties.

Mineral water - water containing biologically active mineral and organic components, which has specific physical and chemical properties that have a therapeutic effect on the human body

Bottled table water has become an essential part of many people's lives. Initially, this market segment was dominated by imported brands such as "Perier", "Evian", etc., which were too expensive for the majority of the population. Quite different positions were occupied by such brands of mineral water as "Narzan", "Essentuki", "Borjomi". These brands of mineral water have been around for a long time and are well known for their healing properties. They were recommended by doctors and specialists for the prevention and treatment of various diseases of the digestive system.

In recent years, the situation has changed dramatically. Domestic brands of mineral water gradually forced out foreign competitors, the low price allowed a bottle of water to stop being an attribute of a "good" life, but became an integral part of the daily diet of most urban residents of Russia. Carbonated and still, mineral and flavored, in glass, plastic bottles or cans - water is sold at any point of sale.

The use of mineral water is often carried out in order to balance the content of macro - and microelements in the body, however, falsified mineral water, which does not contain the declared mineral substances, is increasingly entering the market.

The purpose of this course work is to conduct an examination of the quality of mineral water of different brands.

The objectives of the course work are:

analyze the classification and characteristics of the range of mineral water;

to study consumer properties and factors that form the quality of mineral water;

analyze the mineral water market;

to analyze the range of mineral water sold in the shop of "Agrotorg" LLC;

study consumer preferences when buying mineral water;

calculate the competitiveness of mineral water.

1. General characteristics of mineral waters

1.1 Classification and characteristics of the range of mineral waters

The classification and systematization of mineral waters are based on the determination of a combination of several indicators and the most important features that make it possible to distinguish types and main groups of mineral waters in the general system of the underground hydrosphere according to their intended purpose and hydrogeochemical features.

Mineral waters are divided into table waters (mineralization up to 1 g/l); medical table (with a mineralization of 1 to 10 g/l) and medicinal (with a mineralization of more than 10 g/l). The latter also include waters with a high content of one or more biologically active elements (iron, bromine, iodine, hydrogen sulfide, fluorine, etc.), while the overall mineralization may be low.

Table water. It is mineral (natural) water suitable for daily use. Salinity up to 1 g/l complies with the recommendations of the World Health Organization for the quality of drinking water. Table mineral groundwater is used for industrial bottling in its natural form.

Medicinal table water. Combines a wide range of groundwater from mineralized (M 1.0 - 5.0 g / dm 3) HCO3-Na and HCO3-Na-Ca classes to medium mineralized (M 5.0 - 10.0 g / dm 3) Cl-HCO3 -Na and Cl-Na classes. Therapeutic-table waters of low mineralization can be used as table drinks (for example, suitable carbonic waters) with non-systematic use.

Healing water. Water is used exclusively for medicinal purposes. It is unreasonable to make a decision on the use of such water on your own.

Mineral waters can be classified according to the following indicators:

By chemical composition:

Hydrocarbonate mineral waters;

Chloride sulfate waters;

Sulfate mineral waters;

sodium mineral waters;

calcium mineral waters;

Magnesium mineral waters.

Most mineral salts have a mixed composition, which increases the therapeutic effect when they are used.

Depending on the gas composition and the presence of specific elements:

Carbonic (acidic) mineral waters;

bromine mineral waters;

Arsenic mineral waters;

Radioactive (radon) mineral waters.

carbonic waters. In the mechanism of action of carbon dioxide waters of various chemical compositions, the content and concentration of carbon dioxide are of primary importance. With a therapeutic purpose for external use, carbon dioxide concentrations of 0.75 - 2.0 g / dm 3 are used.

Hydrogen sulfide waters. For balneotherapy, hydrogen sulfide waters with a concentration of SUM H2S from 10 to 250 mg/dm 3 are used. In diseases of the cardiovascular system (ischemic heart disease, hypertension, heart defects), small concentrations (25-100 mg / dm 3) are more often used, while in diseases of the peripheral vessels, nervous system, musculoskeletal system, gynecological, skin, higher concentrations (up to 250 mg / dm 3).

sodium chloride water. For therapeutic purposes, waters of this class are applied externally at concentrations of 10-60 g/dm 3 . Sodium chloride waters 40-60 g/dm 3 have a more pronounced anti-inflammatory, analgesic, immunocorrective effect. Waters with a concentration of 20 g/dm 3 are more often used for the treatment of cardiovascular pathology.

In recent years, new data have been obtained that have expanded the indications for the use of sodium chloride water, proving their effectiveness in diabetes mellitus with micro- and macroangiopathies, chronic nonspecific lung diseases (chronic bronchitis), and skin diseases.

Iodine-bromine waters. Depending on the predominance of iodine or bromine in sodium chloride water, water can be iodine-bromine, bromine, bromine or iodine. The impact on the body is carried out due to the general mineralization of these waters and the action of biologically active ions of iodine and bromine. It is with the action of iodine and bromine that the effectiveness of the use of iodine-bromine waters in atherosclerosis, thyrotoxicosis, ovarian dysfunction, their more pronounced sedative, normalizing the main nervous processes of action, is associated, although there is no unambiguous answer to some questions (thyrotoxicosis).

Radon waters. Radon waters are widely distributed in nature, and there is a long-term experience of their use in resorts and in non-resort conditions.

Siliceous thermal waters are usually low-mineralized, alkaline ones contain silicic acid 50 mg / dm 3 or more. A characteristic feature of these waters is the presence of gases in them, mainly nitrogen. Small amounts contain radon.

Arsenic waters vary greatly in their chemical and gas composition. Therefore, the effects of arsenic in natural waters on the body cannot be considered in isolation, and the role of arsenic in particular (in studies with artificially suitable arsenic waters) in the mechanism of their action has not been sufficiently studied.

According to the degree of mineralization:

slightly mineralized (up to 2 g/l);

low-mineralized (2-5 g/l);

medium mineralized (5-15 g/l);

highly mineralized (15-35 g/l);

brine (35-150 g/l);

By application, mineral waters are divided into two groups:

internal use;

outdoor application.

Water for external use is usually used in a resort, and for internal use - both at a resort and at home.

For internal use, mineral drinking water with a low content of minerals and trace elements is used; Therapeutic table and medicinal waters - for the treatment of diseases of internal organs (gastrointestinal tract, biliary tract, cardiovascular diseases, diseases of the hematopoietic organs, etc.). For the use of therapeutic and therapeutic - table mineral waters, a doctor's consultation is necessary.

For external use, waters from thermal, radon and other mineral springs are used as baths for diseases of the musculoskeletal system, for inhalations for diseases of the respiratory tract, etc.

Mineral waters are natural underground waters and are formed in the thickness of the earth's crust with certain geological-structural, geothermal, hydrogeological and geochemical conditions that determine the patterns of their spatial localization, gas, ion-salt and microelement composition, temperature and other indicators. The classification and systematization of mineral waters are based on the determination of a combination of several indicators and the most important features that make it possible to distinguish types and main groups of mineral waters in the general system of the underground hydrosphere according to their intended purpose and hydrogeochemical features.

By temperature, mineral waters are divided into three groups:

1) always cold, forming, as a rule, at shallow depths;

2) cold, warm or hot, depending on the depth of circulation;

3) always hot, the genesis and features of the composition of which are closely related to their territoriality.

According to the pH value, the waters are divided into 6 groups. The pH value is of particular importance for the therapeutic assessment of hydrogen sulfide (sulfide) waters, since it determines the ratio in the waters of free and, as well as silicic terms, the amount and form of presence in which depends on the alkalinity or acidity of the waters.

1.2 Consumer properties and factors that shape the quality of mineral waters

The main factor that determines the quality of mineral waters is the raw material, in particular the location of its natural source. Natural springs of different mineral waters are at different depths.

The production of mineral waters consists of the following operations: extraction (kapotironia), transportation, processing by filtration, cooling, disinfection; saturation with carbon dioxide (moreover, only for carbonated mineral waters), bottling. Filtration is carried out to remove coarse and fine suspended impurities through sand, asbestos-cellulose and ceramic filters. Cooling is carried out to a temperature of 4-100 o C, and thermal waters with an elevated temperature are first cooled to 200 o C, and then to 40 o C.

Cooling is necessary to better saturate the mineral waters with carbon dioxide and prevent microbiological processes. However, at low temperatures, the solubility of mineral salts decreases and they can precipitate. As a result, the mineralization of water, its medicinal value, will decrease.

Disinfection of mineral waters is used to destroy microflora in a non-reagent or reagent way. In the first method, mineral waters are treated with ultraviolet rays, in the second - with silver sulfates or sodium hypochlorite solution. When processing mineral waters with an iron content of 10 to 60 mg/l, ascorbic or citric acid is added to prevent precipitation of iron oxide in bottles. Mineral waters containing hydrogen sulfide are subjected to degassing.

Bottling of mineral waters into bottles provides for their washing, quality control, filling of bottles, their capping, grading and labeling. In addition, mineral waters are poured into railway or truck tanks for transportation over long distances.

Organoleptic indicators are determined according to GOST 23268.1-91 "Mineral medicinal drinking water, medicinal table and natural table waters. Methods for determining organoleptic indicators and the volume of bottled water." Evaluate transparency, color, taste, smell,.

mineral water consumer purchase

In terms of safety indicators, mineral waters must meet the requirements specified in Table 1.

Table 1

Mineral water safety indicators

Component name	Mass concentration. mg/dm 3 , no more
Nitrates (NO 3)
Nitrites (NO 2)
Arsenic (As)
Lead (Pb)

Cadmium (Cd)



Strontium (Sr)
In medicinal waters In medicinal table waters
Notes * - Arsenic is not a toxic element in mineral natural drinking medicinal waters containing natural biologically active arsenic.

According to microbiological indicators, mineral waters must meet the requirements specified in Table 2.

table 2

Microbiological indicators of mineral waters

In terms of physical and chemical parameters, mineral waters must comply with the requirements of GOST 13273-88 "Mineral drinking medicinal and medicinal table waters. Specifications".

In terms of radiation safety, bottled mineral waters must comply with the requirements specified in Table 3.

Table 3

Requirements for radiation safety indicators

Indicators	Units	Packaged water quality standards, not more than	Hazard indicator 1)


Radiation safety indicators :

Specific total - radioactivity
Note: The effective dose created by the annual water consumption should not exceed 0.1 mSv.

Mineral waters go on sale in glass bottles of 0.33 and 0.5 liters, as well as in polyethylene bottles with a capacity of 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 liters, hermetically sealed with stoppers or lids with an approved label attached.

The label indicates: the name of the manufacturer, its trademark, the name of the water, its group, well number, name of the source, salinity, purpose of water, indications for therapeutic use, recommendations for storage, bottling date, shelf life, standard number.

Mineral waters are stored in special ventilated dark rooms at a temperature of 5 - 20 ° C, protected from moisture. To avoid leakage of carbon dioxide, corked water bottles are stored in a horizontal position. Guaranteed shelf life of mineral waters is up to 12 months from the date of bottling, ferrous - 4 months.

When transporting mineral water in glass bottles, losses may occur due to careless handling of such fragile containers. To avoid losses, bottles are transported in boxes with special cells. In this case, the bottles do not touch each other, do not break.

1.3 Market research and sales analysis of mineral water

Massive advertising of a healthy lifestyle has done its job. The consumption of drinking and mineral water, which is promoted as an indispensable attribute of a healthy life, is steadily growing. The drinking and mineral water market is by far one of the fastest growing consumer markets in Russia. According to analysts, its capacity is about $800 million per year, or 1.25 billion liters in physical terms. The share of mineral and drinking water accounts for about 40% of the entire soft drinks market.

Under the general name "mineral waters" are combined products that are completely different in composition and purpose, which is far from always known to the end consumer. Often people do not even distinguish between simply purified drinking water and natural mineral water. In accordance with the current GOST, drinking mineral waters include groundwater from natural sources, which are characterized by a constant chemical composition. For several years in a row, the packaged drinking water market in Russia has been considered the most popular and fastest growing. Wired bottled water companies, based on in-depth analysis of the sales market, can make some predictions about the future development of this branch of marketing. Almost half of the beverage market in Russia, not including alcoholic ones, falls on packaged mineral waters. A feature of the Russian mineral water market is the advantage of domestic producers over foreign ones. More than half of the market, namely 75%, is occupied by regional producers of mineral waters and continue to monopolize the market further.

If we take the entire market of soft drinks, then most of it belongs to the sale of drinking water and mineral water. This is explained by the fact that the high demand of the population for products leads to an increase in the production of water and their sales. After analyzing the data of the bottled water market, we can note some features, namely:

1. The predominance of domestic products over imported ones.

2. High activity of local producers in the regions.

3. The mineral water market tends to grow by 15% to 25% every year.

For example, in 2001, $590 was generated from the sale of mineral and drinking water, which corresponds to almost 2 billion liters of water. For 5 years after that, the volume of water sales increased to almost 3 billion liters and in monetary terms amounted to 1.25 billion dollars.

The pillars of the business of the Russian mineral water market are the world corporations "The Pepsi Bottling Group" - the trademark "Aqua Minerale" and "The Coca-Cola Company" - the trademark "BonAqua". Today in Russia there is a merger of large producers of different types of drinks. Thus, such well-known corporations as Danone, Coca-Cola, Nestlé and PepsiCo, as well as some Russian producers of juices and dairy products, tend to consolidate with the bottled water industry.

Experts predict stability and growth in sales of mineral waters in the market in the near future, as well as, possibly, changes in the structure of the industry. It is quite possible that new lines for the production of mineral water in new original containers or an increase in the volume of popular premium products will appear. It is also possible that new leading companies will enter the market and replace the old ones.

2. Conditions and methodology for conducting research

2.1 Analysis of the range of mineral waters sold in the shop of Agrotorg LLC

Mineral waters are the object of research in our work.

The breadth of the assortment - the number of types, varieties or names of goods of homogeneous or heterogeneous groups. This property is characterized by two absolute indicators - the actual and base latitude, as well as a relative indicator - the latitude coefficient.

Actual latitude (WL) - the actual number of species, varieties or items of goods available. W=4

Group I according to GOST R 54316-2011. Hydrocarbonate sodium waters ("Maikop", Republic of Adygea);

Group V. Hydrocarbonate-sulfate, calcium-sodium, siliceous mineral waters ("Novoterskaya healing", Caucasian Mineralnye Vody, Stavropol Territory);

Group XVII. Chloride-sulfate-sodium mineral waters ("Narzan" "Kislovodsk plant of mineral waters" (Russia);

Group XXVa. Chloride-hydrocarbonate sodium, boric mineral waters ("Essentuki No. 4", Caucasian Mineralnye Vody).

Basic latitude (Shb) - the latitude taken as the basis for comparison. W=12

Group I according to GOST R 54316-2011. Hydrocarbonate sodium water;

Group V. Hydrocarbonate-sulfate, calcium-sodium, siliceous mineral waters;

Group VIIa. Hydrocarbonate-sulfate-chloride sodium, siliceous mineral waters;

Group VIII. Sulfate-hydrocarbonate calcium-sodium mineral waters;

Group X. Sulfate-bicarbonate sodium-magnesium-calcium mineral waters;

Group XI. Sulfate calcium mineral waters;

Group XIII. Sulfate sodium-magnesium-calcium mineral waters;

Group XVII. Chloride-sulfate-sodium mineral waters;

Group XVIII. Chloride-sulfate calcium-sodium mineral waters;

Group XXV. Chloride-hydrocarbonate sodium mineral waters;

Group XXVa. Chloride-hydrocarbonate sodium, boric mineral waters;

Group XXIX. Chloride-hydrocarbonate calcium-sodium, boric, ferrous, siliceous mineral waters.

The latitude coefficient (Ksh) is expressed as the ratio of the actual number of species, varieties and names of goods of homogeneous and heterogeneous groups to the base:

Ksh \u003d Shd / Shb * 100% (2.1)

Ksh \u003d 4/12 * 100% \u003d 33.3%

The completeness of the assortment is the number of types or varieties or names of goods in a group of homogeneous products. The indicator characterizes the ability of a set of goods of a homogeneous group to satisfy the same needs.

The indicators of the completeness of the assortment are:

actual completeness indicator (Pd) - is characterized by the actual number of types or names of goods of a homogeneous group (names of trade marks of mineral waters);

Pd=8

BORJOMI Georgia.

Basic indicator of completeness (Pb) - is characterized by a regulated or planned quantity of goods of a homogeneous group.

Pb=8

BAGIANTTI LLC "Key-t" (Russia);

ESSENTUKI Essentuki plant min. waters (Russia);

NOVOTERSKAYA "Kavminvody" (Russia);

ARGE "Mineral Water Plant" (Russia);

NARZAN "Kislovodsk plant of mineral waters" (Russia);

LIPETSKAYA "Rossiyanka" (Russia);

LIPETSK BYUVET JSC "Lebedyansky" (Russia);

BORJOMI Georgia.

The completeness coefficient (Kp) is the ratio of the actual indicator to the base one:

Kp \u003d Pd / Pb * 100% (2.2)

Kp=8/8*100%=100%

The closer this indicator is to 100%, the more complete the assortment of the trade enterprise.

Stability of the assortment - the ability of a set of goods to satisfy the demand for the same goods, a feature of which is the presence of a stable demand for them.

Stability coefficient - the ratio of the number of types, varieties and names of goods that are in steady demand from the consumer to the total number of types, varieties and names of goods of the same homogeneous groups:

Ku \u003d (Kd 1 + Kd 2 + ... + Kd n) / (Kp * n) * 100% (2.3)

where Kd 1 +Kd 2 +…+Kd n - the actual number of varieties of "goods" at the time of individual checks;

Kp - the number of varieties of "goods" provided for by the assortment list;

n is the number of checks for the actual availability of all varieties of the "product".

cd 1 =8

BAGIANTTI LLC "Key-t" (Russia);

ESSENTUKI Essentuki plant min. waters (Russia);

NOVOTERSKAYA "Kavminvody" (Russia);

ARGE "Mineral Water Plant" (Russia);

NARZAN "Kislovodsk plant of mineral waters" (Russia);

LIPETSKAYA "Rossiyanka" (Russia);

LIPETSK BYUVET JSC "Lebedyansky" (Russia);

BORJOMI Georgia.

cd 2 =4

BAGIANTTI LLC "Key-t" (Russia);

ESSENTUKI Essentuki plant min. waters (Russia);

NARZAN "Kislovodsk plant of mineral waters" (Russia);

LIPETSKAYA "Rossiyanka" (Russia);

CD 3 \u003d 6

BAGIANTTI LLC "Key-t" (Russia);

ESSENTUKI Essentuki plant min. waters (Russia);

NOVOTERSKAYA "Kavminvody" (Russia);

ARGE "Mineral Water Plant" (Russia);

LIPETSK BYUVET JSC "Lebedyansky" (Russia);

BORJOMI Georgia.

Kp=8

BAGIANTTI LLC "Key-t" (Russia);

ESSENTUKI Essentuki plant min. waters (Russia);

NOVOTERSKAYA "Kavminvody" (Russia);

ARGE "Mineral Water Plant" (Russia);

NARZAN "Kislovodsk plant of mineral waters" (Russia);

LIPETSKAYA "Rossiyanka" (Russia);

LIPETSK BYUVET JSC "Lebedyansky" (Russia);

BORJOMI Georgia.

N=3

Ku \u003d (8 + 4 + 6) / (8 * 3) * 100% \u003d 75%

Range renewal coefficient (Kn) - characterized by the ratio of new types of mineral waters (N) to the number of available mineral waters (W D):

Kn=N/Shd*100% (2.4)

Kn=0/8*100%=0%

Renewal coefficient 0% - this indicates that the assortment was not updated.

2.2 Research methodology

Samples of mineral waters of the following brands took part in the study:

;

.

The appearance of mineral water bottles is given in Appendix 1.

Transparency, color, taste, smell, carbon dioxide saturation are determined organoleptically.

In appearance, the liquid should be transparent, without foreign inclusions, with a slight natural sediment of mineral salts. Colorless liquid or with a yellowish to greenish tint.

Taste and smell should be characteristic of a complex of substances dissolved in water.

Transparency and color are determined visually in transmitted daylight or under fluorescent light in a clean beaker. Before analysis, the beaker is rinsed with test water.

Before determining the smell, bottled water is kept in a tank of water at a temperature of 20-30 ° C for an hour.

Then immediately fill the tasting glass and analyze the smell.

To determine the taste, mineral water in a bottle is immersed in a tank with water and ice and kept for one hour at a temperature of 12±1 o C. An analysis of organoleptic indicators is carried out immediately after filling the glass and glass with water.

When determining the completeness of filling, bottled mineral water is placed in a tank with water and kept for 1 hour at a temperature of (20±1)°C. The contents of the bottles are carefully poured along the wall into dry cylinders, from bottles with a capacity of 0.33, 0.5 and 1.0 dm3, respectively, into cylinders with a capacity of 250, 500 and 1000 cm3, and excess water into a cylinder with a capacity of 100 cm3. The volume of mineral water in cylinders, they are determined by the lower meniscus with an error not exceeding the graduation rate of the cylinder. Record the total filling volume of one bottle. For the final result of determining the volume of mineral water in bottles, take the arithmetic mean of the filling of ten bottles in cubic centimeters. Calculate the deviation value as a percentage of the nominal volume of water in the bottle. Requirements for the quantity of packaged goods in packages of any kind during their production, packaging, sale and import" are shown in Table 3.

Table 3

Limits of permissible negative deviations of mineral water

Note - The value of T is rounded to tenths for M less than 1000.

Limits of permissible negative deviations of the net content from the nominal quantity for packaging units with different nominal packaging quantity - GOST 8.579-2002 "State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements.

3. The quality of mineral waters sold in the store LLC "Agrotorg"

3.1 Consumer preferences when purchasing mineral waters

Marketing research is a systematic collection, processing and analysis of data about the market, competitors, consumers, products, the internal potential of the enterprise in order to reduce the uncertainty associated with making marketing decisions. The main principle of marketing research is consumer orientation, or market orientation. The so-called product approach to the organization of marketing activities is based on a thorough study of consumer preferences.

The questionnaire for the survey of respondents is presented in Appendix 2.

Marketing research allows you to determine consumer needs and costs, sales development directions, advertising costs and trends in their change, promotional activities, market expansion opportunities, more accurate characteristics of buyers (age, family composition, income level, education, etc.) , purchase motivation, communication, etc.

The main thing in marketing research of goods is the study of the conformity of goods to tastes and needs, the targeting of products.

The results of the study give the company the opportunity to develop its own range of products in accordance with the requirements of customers, as well as constantly expand it, increase the competitiveness of goods, improve labeling, and expand the production of new products.

The rules and procedures for marketing research of goods consist in the objective collection and analysis of the information received in relation to consumer markets, goods and services.

To analyze the market of mineral waters, a survey was conducted in the shop of Agrotorg LLC. The subject of the study is the opinions of consumers about mineral natural drinking medical-dining room water.

To obtain an objective assessment, 100 respondents were interviewed, differing in age, gender and social status. The sample structure is shown in Table 4.

As can be seen from Table 6, the majority of respondents were people aged 21 to 35 - 48%. Of the respondents, people aged 46 to 55 years old made up 10%, from 36 to 45 years old - 16%, under 20 years old - 22%, from 56 and older - 4%.

The sample also includes almost all segments of the population by social status: students - 65%, specialists - 12%, workers - 10%, managers - 8%, individual entrepreneurs - 5% and unemployed - 7%.

Table 4

Structure of the sample of respondents

When dividing the respondents by gender, we found that 68% of the respondents among the respondents are women and 32% are men.

The results of the answer to the question "How often do you buy mineral water" are shown in Figure 1.

Rice. 1. Results of the answer to the question about the frequency of purchasing mineral water, %

According to the survey, 45% of buyers purchase mineral water daily, 30% of buyers two or three times a week, 16% once a week and 9% once or twice a month.

The results of the answer to the question "What volume of mineral water do you drink to quench your thirst?" shown in Figure 2.

Rice. 2. Volume of mineral water consumption

According to the results of the survey, 15% of consumers consume mineral water one glass a day, 40% one liter a day, 10% two liters a day and 15% usually drink two or three times a week.

The results of the answer to the questionnaire question "Specify the reasons for purchasing mineral water" are shown in Figure 3.

Rice. 3. Reasons for buying mineral water

The survey showed that 48% of consumers purchase mineral water for the purpose of consumption at home by the whole family, 20% drink at work, 14% take it on the road, 10% buy for the festive table and 8% answered otherwise (for medicinal purposes).

The results of the answer to the question "When choosing mineral water, what brand of mineral water do you prefer?" shown in Figure 4.

Rice. 4. Consumer preferences for mineral water brands

During the survey, a question was asked about the preference of consumers for brands of mineral waters. 39% of respondents prefer Volzhanka, 30% Borjomi, 20% Essentuki, 8% Narzan, 2% Novoterskaya Healing and 1% other brands.

The results of the answer to the question "Are you interested in the information of the composition on the label?" shown in Figure 5.

Rice. 5. Interest of consumers in the labeling of mineral waters

When asked about the interest of consumers in the labeling of mineral waters, 68% of respondents answered yes, 25 answered no, 7% are sometimes interested.

The results of the answer to the question "If you are interested in the data on the label, mark what you are looking for" are shown in Figure 6.

Rice. 6. Indicators of the quality of mineral waters

According to the survey, buyers mainly pay attention to the expiration date - 20%, 25% for the price, 10% for the composition, 10% for the level of mineralization, 25% for the manufacturer, 6% for the place of production, 4% for quality control. Buyers' preferences depending on the degree of mineralization are shown in Figure 7.

Rice. 7. Consumer preference for the degree of mineralization

As a result of the survey, it was possible to find out that mineral waters of medium mineralization are the most popular. They are preferred by 69% of buyers. Highly mineralized mineral waters are preferred by 9% of respondents. Demand for brackish water was 22%.

To the question "Do you know how these waters differ in composition, properties and effect on the body?" 67% of respondents answered "Yes" and 33% of respondents answered "No".

Buyers' preferences in the price of mineral water are shown in Figure 8.

Rice. 8. Consumer price preference for mineral water

During the survey, a question was asked about the preference of buyers in the price of mineral waters. 28% of respondents prefer inexpensive mineral waters - 15-20 rubles, 59% - 20-40 rubles, 13% buy more than 40 rubles.

As a result of marketing research, it was revealed that the main consumers of the mineral natural drinking medical table are citizens aged 21-35 years. Most respondents pay attention to the degree of mineralization when buying. Most of the surveyed consumers prefer to buy mineral water of medium mineralization. Most respondents buy mineral water every day, the rest two or three times a week. Consumer preferences in price are different, but they mostly consume mineral water in the range of 20-40 rubles.

3.2 Commodity expertise of mineral waters

Labels of an approved sample are glued to the cylindrical part of the bottles at a height of 3 ± 0.5 cm from the bottom of the bottles. The label must be glued to the bottle firmly, evenly, without distortions and deformations. Bottles filled with mineral water must be hermetically sealed.

Information for the consumer is presented directly with the food product in the form of text, symbols and drawings on consumer packaging, labels, back labels, collars, labels, corks, insert sheets. The date of manufacture and the date of packaging are applied in the form of two-digit numbers indicating the day, month and year, or marks against the numbers on the edges of the label, or give a reference where it is indicated.

The labeling indicates: the name of the product; type (carbonated, non-carbonated); name of the water group, well number or source name; the name and location of the manufacturer (legal address, including the country, and, if it does not match the legal address, the production address) and the organization in the Republic of Belarus authorized by the manufacturer to accept claims from consumers on its territory (if any); volume; manufacturer's trademark (if any); the appointment of water (dining room, medical-dining room, medical); mineralization, g/dm3; storage conditions; the date of bottling; best before date; designation of the document in accordance with which the product is manufactured and can be identified; chemical composition of water; food additives, flavors, ingredients of non-traditional products; indications for therapeutic use; conformity information. Analysis of information for the consumer is carried out in accordance with GOST R 54316-2011 Mineral natural drinking water. General specifications". Mineral water is bottled on powerful automatic and semi-automatic lines. For bottling mineral water, glass bottles with a capacity of 0.33 and 0.5 liters of yellow-green glass or plastic bottles of 1, 1.5 and 2 liters are used. water is hermetically sealed in bottles with special caps - metal or plastic with gaskets made of polymeric material or peel.

Glass bottles with a capacity of 0.33 and 0.5 liters must be made of transparent colorless, semi-white and dark green glass. Weak color shades are allowed: greenish, bluish, yellowish.

Glass should not contain foreign inclusions, have notches, crevices, cracks, chips, squeezing or alkaline bubbles, clearly visible stains from lubrication of molds, ruh (particles of crystallized glass) that cannot be washed off with a washing solution. Bottles with such flaws are considered marriage. Bottles must have the correct shape and be stable on a horizontal plane. Their outer surface, side and bottom seams must be completely smooth. The surface of the rim and the neck of the bottles themselves should not have burrs or protrusions.

In addition to glass bottles, mineral water is bottled in PET (polyethylene terephthalate) bottles. To reduce gas permeability, they are coated with polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC).

Table 5

Labeling data of mineral natural drinking medical table water

Indicators	Mineral waters of different brands
	Mineral natural drinking medical-table carbonated water "Essentuki"	Mineral natural drinking medical-table hydrocarbonate sodium sparkling water "Borjomi"	Mineral natural drinking water "Narzan" medicinal and table sulfate-hydrocarbonate magnesium-calcium carbonated
Name and location of the manufacturer	LLC "Plant of Mineral Waters Oktyabr-A", Russian Federation, 357391, Stavropol Territory, Predgorny District, st. Suvorovskaya, Cherkesskoe highway, 32 km.	Company "IDS BORJOMI GEORGIA, Borjomi Beverages Co. N. V." st. Tori, 39, Borjomi, 1200, Georgia.	JSC "Narzan", 357700, Russia, Stavropol Territory, Kislovodsk, st. Kirova, 43.
Nominal volume, l
Ionic/chemical composition, mg/dm3	Anions: bicarbonates 3400-4800, sulfates<25, хлориды 1300-1900. Катионы: натрий + калий 2000-3000, кальций <150, магний <100.	Calcium 20-150, Magnesium 20-150, Potassium 15-45, Sodium 1000-2000, Bicarbonates 3500-5000, Chlorides 250-500, Sulfates< 10.	Anions: hydrocarbonates 1000-1500, sulfates 300-500, chlorides 50-150. Cations: magnesium 80-120, calcium 300-400, sodium + potassium 130-200.
Mineralization, g/l
Storage conditions	Store in a dark dry place at T from 5 to 25 ° C.	Store in a place protected from the sun at a temperature of +3 ° C to +30 ° C.	Store in a dark place at T from 5 to 20 "C.
Best before date	Date of manufacture 03/20/14. 12 months	Date of manufacture 03/13/14. 24 months	Date of manufacture 12/16/13. 12 months
Document designation	GOST R 54316-2011		GOST R 54316-2011
Information about conformity assessment
Application	Diseases of the esophagus: chronic gastritis with normal, increased and decreased secretory function of the stomach; peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum; bowel disease, liver disease; disorders of the digestive system after surgery for gastric ulcer, postcholecystectomy syndrome.	It is used for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with the digestive system, metabolism, and is also used as table water.	Chronic gastritis with normal and increased secretory function of the stomach, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, chronic colitis and pancreatitis, diseases of the liver, biliary and urinary tract.
Location, well No.	71, 57 RE-bis		7-RE, 107D, 5/0, 5/0-bis, 2B-bis.

The data in Table 5 indicates that all research objects are labeled in accordance with the requirements of GOST 51074-2003 "Food products. Information for consumers. General requirements". Product information on all labels is readable and complete. The surface of the bottles is clean, labels and collars are clear, even, without tears and swelling.

After studying the marking, we checked the tightness of the closure of containers of mineral water samples in accordance with GOST R 52109-2003 "Drinking water packaged in containers. General technical conditions." In a container with a capacity of 10 liters with boiled and cooled water to a temperature of 45°C, sealed bottles of mineral water were completely immersed. The closure is considered airtight if no gas bubbles are observed within 10 minutes after immersion. All test samples were hermetically sealed.

The assessment of the transparency and color of the studied samples of mineral water was carried out visually in transmitted daylight in a clean glass, after rinsing the glass with the water under study. To determine the smell, bottles with mineral water were first kept in a tank of water at 20-30°C for 1 hour, after which they were immediately tasted. The taste of water was evaluated after an hour of bottles in a tank of water at a temperature of 12°C.

According to organoleptic indicators, mineral waters must meet the requirements presented in Table 6.

The organoleptic indicators of the quality of natural mineral waters for medicinal table meet the requirements in accordance with GOST R 54316-2011 "Natural mineral drinking waters. General technical conditions".

The organoleptic assessment of the quality of soft drinks is carried out according to a 25-point system according to the following indicators: transparency, taste, saturation with carbon dioxide. The total score of mineral waters is given in Appendix 7.

Table 6

Organoleptic indicators of the quality of mineral waters

Name of indicator	Requirements in accordance with GOST 23268.1-91 "Mineral medicinal drinking water, medical table and natural table water. Methods for determining organoleptic indicators and the volume of bottled water"
		Mineral natural drinking medical-table carbonated water "Essentuki"	Mineral natural drinking medical-table hydrocarbonate sodium sparkling water "Borjomi"	Mineral natural drinking water "Narzan" medicinal and table sulfate-hydrocarbonate magnesium-calcium carbonated
Transparency	Transparent liquid, without foreign inclusions, with a slight natural sediment of mineral salts Colorless liquid or with a tint from yellowish to greenish		Transparent liquid without foreign inclusions, with a slight sediment of mineral salts. Colorless liquid.	Transparent liquid without foreign inclusions, with a slight sediment of mineral salts. Colorless liquid.
	Characteristic of a complex of substances dissolved in water Pleasant, salty, refreshing	Characteristic, without strangers. Pleasant, salty, refreshing	Characteristic, without strangers. Pleasant, salty, refreshing	Characteristic, without strangers. Pleasant, salty, refreshing
Saturation with carbon dioxide	Characteristic of the degree of mineralization.	Average emission of carbon dioxide.	Abundant release of carbon dioxide.	Weak release of carbon dioxide.

The appearance of mineral waters corresponds to the indicators specified in the standards, namely, all three samples of mineral waters have a transparent, colorless liquid, with a natural sediment of mineral salts. The taste and smell of the mineral waters "Essentuki" and "Narzan" is brackish, and the mineral water "Borjomi" has a more intense salty taste. Mineral water "Borjomi", in comparison with "Narzan" and "Essentuki" has abundant release of bubbles of carbon dioxide gas. "Narzan" and "Essentuki" have an average degree of saturation with carbon dioxide.

Mineral water that has received a score below 16 points is removed from the tasting.

Table 7

Total score of mineral waters

Based on the results obtained in terms of organoleptic indicators and their compliance with the requirements of the current standard, we conclude that the mineral natural drinking mineral water therapeutic table sparkling "Essentuki" is of excellent quality, and the mineral natural drinking water therapeutic table hydrocarbonate sodium carbonated "Borjomi" and Mineral natural drinking water "Narzan" medical table sulfate-hydrocarbonate magnesium-calcium sparkling good quality.

Table 8

Physical and chemical indicators of mineral water quality

Quality indicators	Mineral water brands manufacturers
	Mineral natural drinking medical-table carbonated water "Essentuki"	Mineral natural drinking medical-table hydrocarbonate sodium sparkling water "Borjomi"	Mineral natural drinking water "Narzan" medicinal and table sulfate-hydrocarbonate magnesium-calcium carbonated
	Actually	Deviation	Actually	Deviation	Actually	Deviation
Filling capacity, ml

Samples of mineral water of the trade marks "Essentuki", "Borjomi", "Narzan" correspond to the requirements of normative and technical documentation according to the normalized physical and chemical quality indicators.

3.3 Calculation of indicators of competitiveness of mineral waters

The competitiveness of a product is a complex property formed by its quality (consumer value), the price of consumption, the effectiveness of the marketing and commercial activities of the seller and is determined by the consumer's reaction to these external manifestations of the product. The most important is the price / quality ratio.

Let's calculate the weights of competitiveness indicators:

Transparency 25/76=0.33

Taste 26/76 = 0.34

Carbon dioxide saturation 14/76 = 0.18

Fullness of filling 11/76=0.15

The calculation of complex indicators of competitiveness by consumer properties begins with an assessment of the weight of individual indicators of competitiveness chosen by the author for comparison. The weighting of indicators is determined by the expert group using the preference method.

Table 9

Determination of the weight of individual indicators of the competitiveness of mineral waters

Indicators	Panarina O.M.	Panarina Yu.M.	Konstantinova O.F.	Sovetkin D.A.	Safonova E.N.	Askarova A.R.	Popkov S.Yu.	gravity
Transparency

Saturation with carbon dioxide
Filling capacity

Table 10

Summary results of the assessment of the quality of mineral waters in terms of indicators that determine competitiveness

Indicators	Basic model (hypothetical sample)	Mineral water brands
		Mineral water "Essentuki"	Mineral water "Borjomi"	Mineral water "Narzan"
Transparency

Saturation with carbon dioxide
Fullness of filling, no more than, ml

Introduction

The counters of food stores offer a wide range of mineral water for every taste. You can easily find carbonate and sulfate mineral water, carbonated and non-carbonated, with and without flavors.

The natural beneficial properties of mineral water are unique, because they were formed in the bowels of the earth, in very special conditions. They undergo natural processing by various rocks, high temperatures, dissolved gases, all kinds of energy fields.

These waters carry enormous information in their composition, structure and properties. This explains their unique taste and healing qualities.

And since it is impossible to artificially recreate the conditions of an underground natural laboratory, no complex of minerals can be compared with natural mineral water.

As part of the research work on the topic "Determination of the quality of mineral water by chemical analysis", it is planned to find out: which of the mineral waters is the most useful and safe for our body?

The variety of mineral water presented on store shelves can mislead anyone.

Object of study - Mineral water of various brands.

Subject of study - bean seeds

Hypothesis – we research mineral water and assume that all types of mineral water are beneficial for humans.

Target - to study the composition of mineral waters and their effect on living plant cells.

Tasks:

Study the literature on this issue;
To study the biological role of mineral water and its impact on human health;
Analysis of the composition of various grades of mineral water;
Compare mineral waters from different manufacturers;
Study of the influence of mineral water on the development of bean seeds.

XII open regional scientific and practical

conference of schoolchildren "Eureka"

Section "Chemistry (chemistry and technology, chemistry, ecology and human health)"

Mineral water.

Megaro Xenia

10th grade student MBOU secondary school No. 3

Supervisor:

Nikitenko Olga Dmitrievna

biology and chemistry teacher

highest qualification category

Contact phone number of the head: 24-298

Novosibirsk, 2017

Introduction. ………………………………….………………………… page 3

Main part

1. Theoretical part

1.1. The history of the beginning of the use of mineral water………page 4

1.2.Classification of mineral water…………………………p.6

1.3. Healing properties of mineral water "Karachinskaya" .... p. 9

2.Practical part………………………………………… page 10

2.1. Organoleptic characteristics of the mineral waters "Karachinskaya" and "Sibirskaya"………………………………. page 10

2.2. The main characteristics of the mineral waters "Karachinskaya" and "Sibirskaya", based on the data of the labels……………………. page 12

2.3. Determining the volume of bottled water……………………..page 15

2.4. Determination of the pH of mineral water, the presence of cations and anions in mineral water…………………………………..p.16

2.5. Conducting a survey………………………………..page 18

2.6. Experiment “Influence of mineral water on plants”……………………………………………………………..page 19

Conclusion………………………………………………………..page 20

List of used literature……………………………… p.21

Appendix………………………………………………………….page 22

Annex 1. Mineral waters………………………………..page 22

Annex 2. Determination of the volume of mineral water……..p. 23

Annex 3.Determination of pH of mineral water…………..page 25

Appendix 4. Determination of the presence of cations and anions…..p. 26

Annex 5. Survey results…………………….page 28

Appendix 6. Influence of mineral water on speed

seed germination……………………………………………….p.32

Introduction

A person can live up to 20 days without food, and from 3 to 5 days without water, because water occupies an average of 80% of the human body. Water plays a major role in a person's life, and therefore it is very important to know what kind of water he uses for drinking. Recently, we have been drinking tap water less and less and are increasingly using store-bought water. Entering any supermarket, a large assortment of mineral water is striking. I was interested in the question, are there any requirements for the composition of mineral water, is it necessary to drink mineral water and in what quantity? Does drinking mineral water affect the human body? Can mineral water affect plants?

The purpose of my research work -

to study the composition and healing properties of the mineral waters "Karachinskaya" and "Sibirskaya".
Tasks:

1. Find in various sources of information the history, classification and basic requirements for the composition of mineral water, its healing effect and the rules for drinking it.

2. Carry out an organoleptic assessment of the mineral waters "Karachinskaya" and "Sibirskaya"

3. To study and analyze the information about the mineral waters "Karachinskaya" and "Sibirskaya", indicated on the labels.

4. Determine the declared chemical composition (the presence of cations and anions) empirically.

5. Conduct a survey among students of MBOU secondary school No. 3

6. Set up an experiment proving the effect of mineral water on plants.

Hypothesis: mineral water has a positive effect on the human body and plants.

Object of study - mineral waters of the brand: "Karachinskaya", "Sibirskaya".
Research methods: analysis of information sources and survey results, experimental, survey.

Before starting to study mineral waters, I started searching for literary sources on this topic and found printed publications 20-30 years old: Kokhanovich M.V.: Mineralnye vody Crimea, 1964, E.V. Posokhov, N .I.Tolstikhin - Mineral waters. Industrial, medical. Energy. Publishing house "Nedra", 1977 More modern information is given in the book "Drinking and mineral water. Requirements of world and European standards for quality and safety”, Zuev E.T., Fomin G.S. , M.: Protector, 2003.

I found the rest of the information on the Internet, on the official website of the manufacturer "Karachi source". GOST R54316-2011 for mineral waters is also published there, which I used to analyze Karachinskaya mineral water.

1.1. The history of the beginning of the use of mineral water

The waters of healing springs have been used by people since time immemorial. They used mineral water for both therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. It had a healing effect, both externally and internally. The first information about the healing properties of mineral waters can be found in the Indian Vedas, which date back to the 15th century. BC. The ancient Babylonians, Egyptians, Jews, Assyrians used mineral and fresh water for medicinal and hygienic purposes. Groundwater has always been highly valued. In ancient times, the Greeks built sanctuaries dedicated to the god Asclepius near the healing springs. Hippocrates improved the technique of treatment with water, which later began to be used not only in Ancient Greece. It was transferred to Rome and began to gradually spread to other countries.

In the distant past, people attributed the healing power of underground waters to some underground creatures that live in the springs. The remains of ancient structures near healing reservoirs are found in the Caucasus, where they not only bathed, but were also treated with mineral waters. From generation to generation, oral traditions were passed down here about the miraculous properties of the waters gushing out of the ground. The properties of these wonderful waters are also evidenced by the names of many sources, the drink from which bears the same name, for example, “Narzan” (“Nart-sana”) in Balkar means “heroic drink”. One of the best healing mineral waters in Europe is Druskininkai.

The role of Peter I in the creation of the first mineral water resort in Russia is known. It was built by his order in Zaonezhie on Marcial Waters. The king himself repeatedly resorted to treatment with these glandular waters, he came to Druskininkai. By his order, "Doctor's Rules on how to act in these waters" were drawn up. In the middle of the ninth century according to tradition, it was customary to be treated at the Caucasian Mineral Waters, first in Pyatigorsk with “dead” water at its sulfur springs, then in Zheleznovodsk with “living” water. The course was completed in Kislovodsk, taking narzan (according to surviving evidence) in huge quantities - more than 30 glasses a day. Scientific studies of the effect of mineral waters on the human body were carried out in the 19th century.

The underground age of the Karachinskaya mineral water is more than nine thousand years. However, Siberians learned about the healing properties of water only in the middle of the twentieth century, when a mineral water bottling plant was put into operation on the territory of the Lake Karachi health resort in the village of the same name. Over the years, local mineral water has proven to be highly effective in healing. In Soviet times, the Karachinsky plant was the largest supplier of mineral water and one of the main sources of jobs in the Chanovsky district of the Novosibirsk region.

Today, the Krachinsky Istochnik plant is a modern enterprise for the production of mineral water in Siberia. The enterprise is equipped with modern equipment. Deliveries of mineral water "Karachinskaya" are carried out in almost all regions from the Urals to Yakutia and the Far East. There are certain plans to develop the markets of the near abroad.

Mineral medical-table water "Karachinskaya" is a natural underground mineral water from an ecologically clean region of Western Siberia - Chanovsky district, Novosibirsk region. It is mined from a depth of about 1200 meters, bottled directly at the well, which allows you to preserve its healing properties as much as possible. Water has good taste and high therapeutic properties. In its composition, it contains a unique set of mineral salts and microelements that are necessary for a person.

Medicinal mineral waters are natural waters that contain certain mineral (rarely organic) components and gases in high concentrations and (or) have some physical properties (radioactivity, environmental reaction, etc.), due to which these waters have an effect on the body. human therapeutic effect in varying degrees, which differs from the action of "fresh" water.

1.2. Classification of mineral waters

From various sources, I learned what mineral waters can be and how they are divided into groups. The classification of mineral waters is complex, that is, the basis for the allocation of individual groups is the most diverse criteria, but the most popular classifications are based on the characteristics of the chemical and gas composition of mineral waters, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the content of ions, trace elements, gases are taken into account.

The most extensive classificationmineral watersrepresented by the division into six so-called balneological groups:

water without specific components and properties - the therapeutic potential of waters falling into this group is due to the ionic composition and degree of mineralization, and the gas component is represented by nitrogen and / or methane in a small amount; carbonic waters - the therapeutic potential is determined by the ionic and mineral composition, as well as the predominant amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in the waters of this group, which dominates in the composition of gases, representing about 80% to 100%; hydrogen sulfide or sulfide waters- The therapeutic effect of mineral waters of this category is determined by the content of free hydrogen sulfide or hydrosulfide ions; used primarily for baths; ferruginous and arsenic waters- they are distinguished by a high content of pharmacologically active components Mn, Cu, Al, Fe, As, the presence of which in the composition (along with the ionic, gas and mineral composition) determines their therapeutic effect; these are mainly waters from the zones of oxidation of ore deposits or from some thermae of volcanic regions; bromine, iodine, high in organic matter- the corresponding therapeutic effect is determined by the content of 25 mg / l of bromine and 5 mg / l with a total mineralization of not more than 12-13 g / l, a higher mineralization also causes an increase in the concentration of bromine and iodine, so that the water is considered appropriate; norms for high content of organic substances have not been developed; siliceous terms- are distinguished by a high concentration of silicon, whether it is silicic acid or hydrosilicate, but in an amount of at least 50 mg / l.

Another approach to the classification of mineral waters divides them into four types: chloride- salty and bitter-salty waters, containing mainly salts of the chloride group, and very little bicarbonates or sulfates; the cationic composition is predominantly represented by sodium, which, in combination with chlorine, forms table salt, which provides brackishness (sodium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium calcium chloride); sulfate- have a low salt content (2.4-3.9 g / l), usually these are sulfate salts; the amount of alkali does not exceed a tenth; in the composition, bicarbonates are represented by lime, and chlorides by table salt (sulfate-sodium, sulfate-calcium, sulfate sodium-calcium); hydrocarbonate sodium (alkaline) - in the waters of this type, chlorides are represented by table salt in a small amount (usually 4-13%, maximum 15-18%), and sulfates are usually absent. The cationic composition characterizes the varieties of hydrocarbonate waters; it is either the predominance of sodium or a mixed composition of cations ( combined or complex composition of water, bicarbonate-chloride, bicarbonate-sulfate sodium, bicarbonate sulfate, chloride-sulfate, bicarbonate-chloride sulfate, bicarbonate-chloride sodium, bicarbonate-calcium-magnesium waters).

According to the level of mineralization, that is, according to the content of dissolved organic substances and inorganic salts in water, they distinguish: fresh - up to 1 g / l; weakly mineralized - 1-2 g / l; low mineralization - 2-5 g/l; medium mineralization - 5-15 g/l; high mineralization - 15-30 g/l; brine mineral waters - 35-150 g/l;

Depending on destinationmineral watersdistinguish:

canteens- the level of mineralization does not exceed 1 g/l; able to normalize the function of the digestive organs; valuable for purity and harmlessness to the body; can be used without consulting a doctor, drink without restrictions, combining natural taste and health benefits;

medical table- the level of mineralization in the range of 1-10 g / l, they are distinguished by pleasant taste, but also have a therapeutic, but rather preventive, effect on the body; can be consumed on an occasional basis by relatively healthy individuals;

medicinal- the level of mineralization is more than 10 g/l, they are not suitable for quenching thirst, but only for treatment and are taken as prescribed by a doctor in the appropriate dosage with a certain method of consumption.

1.3. Healing properties of mineral water "Karachinskaya"

Most students answered that they did not know about the healing properties of mineral water. I decided to find out what healing properties Karachinskaya mineral water has, because according to the survey, the majority of students prefer it for drinking. And that's what I learned: the special value of "Karachinskaya" in its unique composition-

calcium and fluorine - for strong teeth and bones; magnesium, sodium and potassium - for the heart, nervous and muscular systems, normalization of blood pressure;

chlorides and bicarbonates cleanse the body of toxins, regulate water balance, carbohydrate and protein metabolism, promote digestion.

Mineral water "Karachinskaya" has long been a component of spa treatment in the health resorts of the West Siberian region for diseases of the digestive system, cardiovascular system, kidneys and respiratory organs.

"Karachinskaya" has a low mineralization, so with daily use of this water, your salt balance will be normal.

The use of "Karachinskaya" during a particular diet helps to maintain and restore electrolyte balance in the human body. It is also recommended for obese people. In the treatment of this disease, the dose of mineral water can be increased to 250-300 ml. It should be taken 40-60 minutes before. before meals three times a day. The most effective water temperature is 35-40°C. The course of taking mineral water is 24-30 days.

"Karachinskaya" is mined from a depth of 1170 meters and bottled directly at the well, which allows you to preserve the healing properties of water as much as possible. Scientists-geologists determine the underground age of the Karachinskaya mineral water at 9,000 years. "Karachinskaya" is equally useful both at the source, in the drinking gallery of the Lake Karachi sanatorium, and in a bottle at home. The manufacturer retained to the maximum all the beneficial properties of this unique mineral water. If you need to use it for medicinal purposes, just release the gas and warm it to room temperature.

The Karachinskaya Istochnik company is the largest Russian company producing Karachinskaya mineral water. Based on the results of marketing research, Karachinsky Istochnik has been a leader in the sparkling water market since 2011. "Karachinskaya" has many awards: 66 diplomas and 52 medals of prestigious Russian and international exhibitions every year confirm the high quality of the products of the Karachin source company.

Mineral water "Sibirskaya" does not have such high-profile regalia as Karachinskaya. Produced by the limited liability company "Mineral Waters of Siberia" in the city of Tatarsk. Date of initial registration 03/28/2003. I did not find more detailed information than on the label (indicated in the table).

2. Practical part.

2.1. Organoleptic characteristics of the mineral waters "Karachinskaya" and "Sibirskaya"

To conduct the study, I took the most popular mineral waters in our area - mineral waters "Karachinskaya" and "Sibirskaya" with a capacity of 0.5 liters.

I appreciated the transparency, color, taste, smell, saturation with carbon dioxide.

Transparency and color are determined visually in transmitted daylight in a clean beaker. Before analysis, the beaker is rinsed with test water.

Before determining the smell, bottled water was kept in a tank with water at a temperature of 20-30 ° C for an hour. Then she immediately filled the glass and analyzed the smell (see table data). To determine the taste, mineral water in a bottle was immersed in water with ice and kept for one hour at a temperature of 12 ± 1 °C.

Saturation with carbon dioxide was determined visually when opening the bottles.

The data was entered into table 1.

Table 1. " Organoleptic characteristics of the mineral waters "Karachinskaya" and "Sibirskaya"

Indicator	Karachinskaya	Siberian
Appearance		Transparent liquid, without foreign inclusions, without natural precipitation of mineral salts.
	colorless liquid	colorless liquid
	No taste.	no taste
	Without smell.	Without smell.
Carbon dioxide

Output: according to organoleptic indicators, the mineral waters "Karachinskaya" and "Sibirskaya" meet the standards - they are transparent, colorless liquids, without foreign inclusions, which do not have a natural sediment of mineral salts. Without taste and smell. When the bottles are first opened, a large amount of carbon dioxide bubbles are released.

The main characteristics of the mineral waters "Karachinskaya" and "Sibirskaya", based on the label data

Analyzed the data indicated on the labels of bottles of mineral water "Karachinskaya" and "Sibirskaya". ( Attachment 1). The data was entered into table 2.

Table 2. “Characteristics of the mineral waters Karachinskaya and Sibirskaya”.

Main characteristics	Manufacturer	Medical indications for use	Chemical composition (mg / dm 3)
Karachinskaya
Therapeutic table chloride-hydrocarbonate sodium mineral natural drinking water	LLC "Karachi source" LLC "Lake Karachi" Lake Karachi Company LLC Karachinskaya Voda LLC Manufacturer's address: 632224, st. Lesnaya, 1 settlement Lake Karachi, Chanovsky district Novosibirsk region Russia GOST R54316-2011	It has general health properties. Diseases of the esophagus, chronic gastritis with normal, increased and decreased secretory function of the stomach, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum. Diseases of the intestines, diseases of the liver, gallbladder and biliary tract, diseases of the pancreas, disorders of the digestive system after surgical interventions for gastric ulcer, postcholecystectomy syndrome, metabolic diseases, diseases of the urinary tract. Apply outside the exacerbation phase.
			Contains fluorides. Artificially saturated with CO 2 ; Mineralization - 2.0-3.0 g / dm 3.
Siberian
ral natural drinking therapeutic table chloride-hydrocarbonate sodium gr. XXV well Well depth 1195 m	LLC "Mineral Waters of Siberia" Russia 632124, Novosibirsk region, Tatarsk. st. Access road, 6 TU 9185-001-57216441-14	Diseases of the esophagus, chronic gastritis with normal, decreased and increased secretory function of the stomach, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, intestinal diseases, diseases of the liver, gallbladder and biliary tract, diseases of the pancreas, postcholecystectomy syndrome, metabolic diseases (diabetes mellitus, obesity, impaired salt and lipid metabolism), diseases of the urinary tract. It is applied outside the exacerbation phase. Store at a temperature from +5 to + 20 0 С Expiration date from the date of bottling - 12 months.	Bicarbonates HCO 3 - Chlorides Cl - Sulphates SO 4 2- Magnesium Mg 2+ sodium + potassium
			Contains fluoride Natural precipitation of mineral salts is allowed Mineralization of water 1.7-3.0 g / dm 3.

Output: mineral waters "Karachinskaya" and "Sibirskaya" belong to medical-table chloride-hydrocarbonate sodium mineral natural drinking waters. "Karachinskaya" corresponds to GOST R54316-2011 (compared with the data of the standard). As indicated on the label - they have general health properties. Medical indicators for use are indicated in the table. They can be used outside the exacerbation phase.

I found on the Internet information about GOST R54316-2011:

1.Developed by the union of manufacturers of soft drinks and mineral waters, the Federal State Institution "Russian Scientific Center for Restorative Medicine and Balneology of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia"

2. Introduced by the technical committee for standardization TC 091 "Beer, non-alcoholic and wine products"

3. Approved and put into effect by Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated April 22, 2011 N 55-st

Mineral water "Sibirskaya" is produced in accordance with TU 9185-001-57216441-14 (TU-document establishing the technical requirements that a particular product, material, substance, etc., or a group of them must meet). I haven't been able to find any information on these specifications.

The chemical composition of the mineral waters "Karachinskaya" and "Sibirskaya" differs slightly (in "Karachinskaya" there are more magnesium and calcium ions, and in "Sibirskaya" there are slightly less sulfate ions) and is indicated in the table. According to the classification of mineral waters "Karachinskaya" is a mineral water of low mineralization (mineralization 2.0-3.0 g / dm 3). The mineralization of "Sibirskaya" is even less - 1.7-3.0 g / dm3, therefore - this water is of weak and low mineralization.

The volume of water in bottles was determined according to GOST 23268.1-91 by measuring with graduated cylinders at a temperature of 20 ± 1 °C. Mineral water, sealed in bottles, was placed in water and kept for 1 hour. The contents of the bottles were carefully poured down the wall into a dry measuring cup. The volume of mineral water is determined by the lower meniscus with an error not exceeding the graduation rate of the cylinder. (Annex 2)

The measurement showed that the volume of Karachinskaya mineral water was 400 ml, instead of 500 ml declared on the bottle. The volume of mineral water "Sibirskaya" was 490 ml, instead of 600 ml declared on the bottle.

Experiment 1

DefinitionpHmineral water

To determine the pH, I took 2 test tubes and poured mineral water of the Karachinskaya and Sibirskaya brands into each test tube. I put a litmus test in mineral water. After 3-4 minutes I compared the results with the ph scale ( Application3). The results are listed in Table 3.

Table 3

“Determination of pH of mineral waters Karachinskaya and Sibirskaya”.

Mineral water
Karachinskaya
Siberian

Output: the environment of the mineral water "Karachinskaya" is close to neutral, the environment of the mineral water "Sibirskaya" is slightly alkaline (determined on a scale).

Experiment 2

The exact concentration of ions is determined in chemical laboratories for the analysis of mineral water by titration. Unfortunately, all the equipment needed for this was not found in our school, so to determine the presence of cations and anions in mineral water, I used the reagents available in the laboratory for conducting qualitative reactions.

Availability detectionsulfate - ions inmineral water

To find out whether sulfates are present in mineral water or is it just a fraud written on the label, lamineral water was poured into clean dry test tubes and Ba was added to it. (Appendix 4). The results were entered in table 4 .

Table 4 "The presence of sulfate - ions in mineral water"

Name of water
Karachinskaya	turbidity
Siberian	turbidity

Output: Mineral waters "Karachinskaya" and "Sibirskaya" contain a small amount of sulfate ions, as evidenced by the cloudiness of the water in the test tubes. As indicated on the label, in "Karachinskaya" 150-250 mg / dm 3, in "Siberian" 100-200 mg / dm 3.

Availability detectionchloride - ions inmineral water.

Table 5 "The presence of chloride - ions in mineral water"

Name of water
Karachinskaya	precipitation
Siberian	precipitation

Output: in the mineral waters "Karachinskaya" and "Sibirskaya" there are chloride ions. In "Karachinskaya" the content of chloride ions, as indicated on the label, is more - 500-600 mg / dm 3, in "Sibirskaya" - 250-450 mg / dm 3

Determining the presence of a catCa ions 2+ inmineral water.

To determine Ca 2+ cations in mineral water, Na 2 CO 3 was added. The results obtained were entered in table 6

Table 6 " AvailabilitycatCa ions 2+ inmineral water"

Output: since the water is slightly mineralized, there is little Ca 2+ in it (in "Karachinskaya" 3, in "Sibirskaya" 3)

Determination of the presence of Mg cations 2+ in mineral water.

Table 8 "Presence of Mg cations 2+ in mineral water

Output: mineral waters contain Mg 2+ in a small amount (as indicated on the label "Karachinskaya" - 3, "Siberian" - 3

Determination of the presence of HCO bicarbonate ions 3 –

Table 9. "Presence of bicarbonate ions in mineral water"

Output: mineral water contains bicarbonate ions, the content of which is slightly higher in Sibirskaya (800-1200 50 mg / dm 3) than in Karachinskaya (800-1100 50 mg / dm 3)

Survey data(Appendix5 )

I conducted a survey among the students of our school.

98 students of MBOU secondary school No. 3 took part in the survey (attachment)

The survey results are as follows:

*frequently drink mineral water 51.5% of the students surveyed, preferring mineral water brand "Karachinskaya" - 58% of the respondents. Mineral water "Sibirskaya" is not popular with students of our school, although its composition is similar to "Karachinskaya";

* the majority of students (54%) do not know which mineral water is the most useful, 26.5% consider Karachinskaya to be useful.

* 76.5% of students believe that mineral water is not able to quench their thirst.

* A little more than half of the students (56.5%) believe that mineral water benefits the body, although it does not have medicinal properties (63.3%).

*77, 6% of students believe that mineral water cannot strengthen human immunity;

* 18.4% of the students surveyed used mineral water for treatment;

*73.5% of respondents do not pay attention to the composition of mineral water and do not know the classification of mineral water.

Experiment "Influence of mineral water on plants".(Appendix 6)

In order to understand whether mineral water is really harmless, I decided to take bean seeds and look at their germination rate in plain water and in mineral water. Since the cells of animals and plants are very similar, the interaction with living organisms should be similar.

For the experiment, I took bean seeds, soaking the napkins of each of the samples of Karachinskaya and Sibirskaya mineral waters. A control bean sample was moistened with plain tap water. The results are listed in Table 10.

Table 10

Observed Phenomena	Karachinskaya	Siberian	tap water
Bookmark experience
Seeds swollen
Escape Appearance			06.12.

Output: bean seeds germinated fastest in plain tap water. Apparently, bean seeds germinated more slowly in mineral water due to the salt content (although Karachinskaya and Sibirskaya waters are low-mineralized). This means that the concentration of salts affects the germination of plant seeds.

Conclusion and conclusions.

Mineral water has been used by man since time immemorial. It is used for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes, depending on the composition and purpose.

Mineral water "Karachinskaya" has general health properties and is used for the treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal diseases, metabolic diseases, diseases of the urinary system.

The organoleptic characteristics of the mineral waters "Karachinskaya" and "Sibirskaya" correspond to GOST R54316-2011, although "Sibirskaya" is produced in accordance with TU 9185-001-57216441-14.

The chemical composition of the studied mineral waters corresponds to the indicated data on the labels.

The survey data showed that the students of our school do not know about the healing properties of mineral water, do not take into account the composition when buying water, so I need to conduct educational work in this direction through a speech at class hours dedicated to a healthy lifestyle.

An experiment with bean seed germination showed that mineral water has an effect on seed germination. Mineral salts contained in water slow down germination.

Sources of information.

GOST R 54316-2011: Mineral natural drinking waters. General specifications http://www.gostedu.ru/50827.html

Zuev E.T., Fomin G.S. Drinking and mineral water. Requirements of world and European standards for quality and safety, M.: Protector, 2003, 310 p.

Kokhanovich M.V.: Mineral waters of Crimea, 1964, 174 p.

Posokhov E.V., Tolstikhin N.I. Mineral waters (medicinal, industrial, energy). L., "Nedra", 1977. 240 p.

Official site "Karachinskaya source" http://karachinskaya.ru/

Attachment 1.

Appendix 2

Determining the volume of bottled water

Appendix 2

Determining the volume of bottled water

Appendix 3

Determination of the pH of mineral water.

Appendix 4

Availability detectionsulfate - ions inmineral water

Availability detectionchloride - ions inmineral water.

Determining the presence of a catCa ions 2+ inmineral water.

Determination of the presence of Mg cations 2+ in mineral water.

Determination of the presence of bicarbonate - HCO ions 3 –

Appendix 5

Survey data

Appendix 6

"Influence of mineral water on the rate of seed germination"

Day three since sprouting

Photo 1. Bean seeds soaked in tap water sprouted

Photo 2. Bean seeds moistened with Karachinskaya mineral water swelled, but did not germinate

Photo 3. Bean seeds moistened with Siberian mineral water swelled, but did not germinate

How to conduct a test (analysis) of mineral water for quality at home? Varieties of mineral waters, their characteristics and requirements for them. Regulatory documents on mineral waters. What are considered mineral water quality standards. How is the analysis of mineral water in the laboratory, analysis methods. Before you test (analyze) mineral water for quality, you need to understand the varieties of this liquid and the requirements for its quality. Only then can you judge the quality of the liquid in the bottle based on the results of the analyzes.

Varieties of mineral water

Mineral water is of natural origin and artificial. The first is made from fluid collected from artesian deep-water wells. Only registered sources are allowed to be used for the production of such water. Usually, the quality of such a liquid can be judged by the set and preservation of mineral components. There are several varieties of mineral water:

Water for the treatment of people. It can only be taken on the advice of a doctor. The degree of mineralization of such a liquid is 8 g/l.
Medical canteen. The concentration of useful mineral compounds in this type of liquid should be in the range of 2-8 g / l.
Table water. This type can be drunk regularly. The level of its mineralization should be 1-2 g / l.
Table water with a minimum degree of saturation with minerals. Their volume usually does not exceed 1 g/l.

The main difference between artificial water is that it is produced at the plant, but in terms of the composition and number of mineral compounds, such water does not differ from natural water. At the same time, the label must indicate that the water is produced artificially.

Also, mineral water can be carbonated and non-carbonated. In this case, carbonation can occur naturally or artificially. Also, according to the presence of cations and anions in water, it can be divided into 31 types, including chloride, sulfate, hydrocarbonate and mixed waters.

Mineral water quality standards

The quality of mineral waters, whether it is table or medicinal water, is regulated by GOST R 54316-2011. The quality standards for such water are:

Extraction method. Natural mineral water is extracted from a well. The extracted water is purified and filtered. There are also separate standards for the cleaning and filtration process. By standards, the liquid should be crystal clear, but a slight precipitate of mineral compounds is allowed. Taste and smell should correspond to the composition of the liquid.
Standards impose a restriction on a certain list of chemical elements. So, in water with minerals, the content of ammonium is allowed in an amount not exceeding 2 mg / l, phenolic substances in the amount of 0.001 mg / l, nitrates up to 50 mg / l, lead up to 0.3 mg / l, nitrites up to 2 mg / l. The concentration of arsenic is also stipulated: for medicinal water this indicator cannot exceed 3 mg / l, and in table-medicinal water it is not higher than 1.5 mg / l.
The concentration of nitrogen dioxide (drink carbonation) cannot be less than 0.3%. The production of non-carbonated waters is also allowed.
Spill requirements. Water is sold in tightly sealed bottles.

After that, the product must be tested to confirm its quality. To do this, a sample is analyzed, in which its organoleptic qualities, composition, microbiological parameters are checked, and radiological control is carried out. The safety of all components of mineral water is also strictly controlled, the physical usefulness of the elements is checked.

Analysis of mineral water at home

Each of us can check the quality of bottled water in affordable ways. To do this, you need to conduct a series of small experiments:

For the first analysis, you will need to drop water from a bottle onto a clean glass or mirror and let it dry. If after that no traces remain on the surface, then the water is clean. The presence of an excess of chlorine will be indicated by a dried whitish spot, and circular stains at the site of a drop will indicate an excess of salts.
The second analysis requires bottled water to stand in a jar. To do this, a sample of water must be poured into a clean three-liter jar and placed in a dark place for several days. High-quality water should remain the same clean and transparent, odorless and sediment. If the water turned cloudy, turned green, there was a precipitate or an unpleasant odor, then bacteria were present in it. The presence of harmful chemicals will be indicated by an oil film on the surface of the water.
If mineral water without gas is poured into a dark pan and boiled for 10-15 minutes, then after draining the liquid, conclusions can be drawn about the quality of the water. If there is a white coating, sediment or scale on the walls of the dishes, it can be said that there is an excess of salts, iron oxide, and calcium in the water.

Mineral water expertise

Analysis of high-quality mineral water by organoleptic indicators should give the following results: it is a colorless transparent liquid with a characteristic taste and smell of dissolved minerals. When storing such a liquid, a slight precipitate is allowed.

The mineral water test can be carried out:

Express method
By weight method

The first method goes like this. First, 100 ml of water from a bottle is drawn into a clean glass. She is allowed to stand for 10 minutes. Then the trace of a drop of this liquid on the glass is examined. Simple drinking water can give a circuit of salts. Mineral water will have a blurry trace outline. At the same time, its inner part will be filled with a whitish coating. The trail of a drop near medicinal table waters should be more densely filled with white coating, and near medicinal waters the trail will be completely white.

The weight method allows you to determine the concentration of mineral salts in grams per cubic decimeter in laboratory conditions.

If you want to check the quality of mineral water, then you can order the most reliable analysis only in the laboratory. No home checks will give you the full picture. To conduct an analysis in our laboratory, you need to contact us at the phone numbers listed on the website.

Introduction

According to various estimates, the share of fresh water is 2.5-3% of the total volume of water on Earth. Moreover, most of its reserves are contained in the form of ice. Thus, there is not so much water suitable for consumption on the planet. Every year there is more and more information about the depletion of natural fresh water reserves. This trend contributes to the rapid growth and development of the mineral and drinking water market.

According to the UNESCO International Hydrological Program, conducted in 2008, Russia was among the world's ten countries with the cleanest water. Finland came first. However, there is no need to talk about the real purity of Russia's water resources. Russia's entry into the top ten of the rating is explained only by the fact that a large amount of water resources in Russia ensures the absorption of numerous industrial wastes, and their concentration in water is quite low compared to other countries. At the same time, only 1% of the water consumed by Russians meets international quality standards.

Bottled table water has recently become an integral part of our lives. It seemed that until recently it was a curiosity to buy ordinary drinking water and use it instead of the usual tap water or boiled water from a kettle. Initially, this market segment was dominated by imported brands such as "Perier", "Evian", etc., which were too expensive for the majority of the population. Quite different positions were occupied by such brands of mineral water as "Narzan", "Essentuki", "Borjomi". These brands of mineral water have been around for a long time and are well known for their healing properties. They were recommended by doctors and specialists for the prevention and treatment of various diseases of the digestive system.

Over the past few years, the situation has changed dramatically. Domestic brands of drinking and mineral water gradually forced out foreign competitors, the low price allowed a bottle of water to stop being an attribute of a "good" life, but to become an integral part of the daily diet of most urban residents of Russia. Carbonated and still, mineral and flavored, in a glass, plastic bottle or can - water is sold in almost any outlet.

Although for most buyers all mineral water is one person, in fact there are a great many varieties of them.

According to the chemical composition, six classes of mineral waters are distinguished: hydrocarbonate, chloride, sulfate, mixed, biologically active and carbonated.

Bicarbonate waters reduce the acidity of gastric juice. At the same time, depending on the method of application, they can both stimulate and inhibit the secretion of gastric juice. Used in the treatment of urolithiasis.

Chloride waters stimulate metabolic processes in the body, improve the secretion of the stomach, pancreas, and small intestine. Used for disorders of the digestive system.

Sulphate waters stimulate the motility of the gastrointestinal tract, especially favorably affect the restoration of the function of the liver and gallbladder. They are used for diseases of the biliary tract, chronic hepatitis, diabetes, obesity.

Most mineral waters have a complex mixed structure (chloride-sulfate, hydrocarbonate-sulfate, etc.), which increases their therapeutic effect when used correctly.

By temperature, mineral waters are divided into cold (up to 20 °C), subthermal (20-37 °C), thermal (37-42 °C) and hyperthermal (over 42 °C).

According to the degree of concentration of mineral salts, natural mineral waters are divided into:

- canteens;
- medical-dining rooms;
- medical.

Dining room. Mineral (natural) water is suitable for daily use. The salt content in it does not exceed 1 gram per liter of water.

As a rule, it is soft, pleasant in taste, without foreign smell and taste. It is no coincidence that soft drinks are made on the basis of table water.

Therapeutic dining room. This water can contain from 1 to 10 grams of salts per liter of water. The advantage of medicinal table mineral waters, which include such products of OAO Istok as the popular waters Khrustalny Istok, Healing Istok, is their versatility: they can be used as a table drink and systematically for treatment.

Therapeutic. The most saturated salt water. This category includes mineral waters with mineralization - more than 10 grams per liter, or waters with a high content of active trace elements, such as arsenic or boron. It should be drunk strictly on the advice of a doctor.

In addition to natural mineral waters, there are also artificially mineralized waters. The production of artificially mineralized water goes through 2 stages. First, water is pumped out either from an artesian well, and most often from a water supply system, then it is subjected to deep cleaning. Thorough filtration removes not only harmful impurities, but also all useful salts and minerals. And so that the water could still be called mineral, the second stage is inevitable - utterly purified water is artificially "grafted" with beneficial properties, saturated with salts. The output is not an active living environment, but simply a solution of salts. Artificial, or reconstituted, water, according to GOST, belongs to the class of soft drinks and has nothing to do with mineral waters.

Artificially mineralized water is not harmful, but it has few useful properties. The water that was at hand polluted by the waste of civilization is simply purified and then saturated with salts.

The production of artificial water has become a large-scale industry. On the shelves appeared clandestinely produced water that did not meet the standards. In Moscow, it occupies up to 55% of the mineral water market. Naturally, oversaturation or undersaturation of its salts can occur. The constant use of such water can lead to the deposition of salts, disruption of the body's water-salt balance and the development of cardiovascular diseases.

Mineral waters can be local and imported. At the same time, the role of local groundwater is significantly increasing. This is due to the fact that in recent decades, due to intensive water intake, the mineralization of a number of well-known brands of mineral waters has changed. Thus, the uncontrolled exploitation of the Essentuki 20 spring led not only to a change in the qualitative composition of water, but also to its sanitary and bacteriological pollution. As a result, the use for drinking purposes and bottling of Essentuki 20 water is no longer carried out.

All information about mineral water produced in Russia is given on the label. It indicates its purpose: dining room, medical-table or medical, as well as the level of mineralization (usually in percent). It is also mandatory to indicate the chemical composition, and for medicinal waters and recommendations for use.

The purpose of the work is to study the mineral water market in the Russian Federation. Accordingly, to achieve this goal, the following tasks will be considered:

- assessment of the volume of the drinking and mineral water market in the Russian Federation;
- assessment of the level of knowledge of brands of drinking and mineral water;
- assessment of the level of knowledge of advertising brands of drinking and mineral water;
- identification of the main characteristics of the purchase and consumption of drinking and mineral water.

Sales leaders

The most famous brands of mineral water were domestic brands that have been on the market for many decades:

1. "Borjomi" - 65% of respondents said they know this brand of water;
2. "Essentuki" (48.2%);
3. "Narzan" (47.8%).

"Borjomi"(Fig. 1) - natural mineral bicarbonate-sodium water, with natural mineralization, is used for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with the digestive system, metabolism, and is also used as table water. However, its systematic use (like any other mineralized carbonated water) has some contraindications.

"Borjomi" is extracted from 9 production wells with a depth of 200 to 1500 m on the territory of the Borjomi Reserve, at a natural temperature for thermal water of 38-40 ° C. The mineral composition of "Borjomi" has not changed since 1830, since the beginning of constant laboratory observations.

Package. Glass bottle with a capacity of 0.33 l and 0.5 l. The shelf life of "Borjomi" in glass bottles is 2 years from the date of bottling. PET bottle with a capacity of 1 l and 0.5 l. The expiration date of "Borjomi" in PET packaging is 1 year from the date of bottling.

Essentuki No. 17(Fig. 2) - the most famous medicinal mineral water in Russia. This mineral water with increased mineralization is recommended as an excellent remedy for diseases of the stomach, chronic diseases of the liver, gallbladder, gout, obesity, and mild diabetes. Medicinal mineral waters are not drunk to quench thirst, they are only treated and only as prescribed by a doctor.

Essentuki-4(Fig. 3) - medical-table mineral water has no analogues in its healing and taste properties.

It is used for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidneys, bladder.<Ессентуки-4>is unique because it has a complex effect on various functional systems of the body.

Essentuki-2(Fig. 4) - known as a refreshing, thirst-quenching and invigorating drink that increases appetite. Essentuki-2 is medicinal table water and can be used to treat a number of diseases. Being rich in carbon dioxide, this drink enhances the secretory activity of the digestive glands. The presence of calcium bicarbonate makes Essentuki-2 a drink with anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic effects. It is also used for the prevention of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, bile and urinary tract.

Essentuki-20(Fig. 5) is the only table low-mineralized mineral water produced in the Caucasian Mineral Waters. Its value lies, first of all, in the fact that it is pure from nature and does not undergo additional purification with the use of chemicals, as is customary for tap water. Water "Essentuki-20" can be used in the treatment of diseases of the urinary tract. "Essentuki-20" can be drunk without restrictions, and its natural composition and taste make the drinking procedure not only pleasant, but also useful.

All springs are located on the territory of a specially protected eco-resort region of the Caucasian Mineralnye Vody. Mineral water, bottled at the mineral water plant in environmentally friendly glass containers, is certified and meets the requirements of WHO (Geneva 1986) for medicinal table and drinking water.

"Narzan"(Fig. 6) - carbonate hydrocarbonate-sulfate calcium-magnesium mineral water, which has won world fame. An excellent refreshing table drink. It quenches thirst well and promotes a good appetite.

It can be used to treat a number of diseases. Being well saturated with carbon dioxide, "Narzan" enhances the secretory activity of the digestive glands. A significant content of calcium bicarbonate makes this water a drink with anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic effects. "Narzan" has a beneficial effect on the activity of the urinary tract.

Among the brands of table water, the most famous are:

1. "Holy source" - 24.6% of respondents know this brand;
2. "BonAqua" - 23.2%;

3. "Aqua Minerale" - 18.1%;
4. "Faith" - 11.9%.

Natural spring water " Holy spring"® (Fig. 7) is the first bottled drinking water on the Russian market. As a leader in the segment of natural drinking water and one of the largest national brands, "Holy Spring" ® is also exported to the CIS countries. The water is extracted from the unique Kostroma spring, which was formed back in the ice age and has a natural cleansing system of natural filters - sand, coal, clay.

Passing through them, the water is enriched with mineral salts, which satisfy the daily need of the human body for minerals and trace elements. A careful approach to the selection of the source has made it possible to use sparing cleaning methods that do not change the natural structure of the water. As a result, the consumer is offered a natural product with a practically unchanged composition that has retained its true, original taste and properties.

Water "BonAqua"(Fig. 8). Branded bottled drinking water BonAqua appeared in Germany in 1988 and gradually spread throughout the European market. Today it is produced and successfully sold not only in Europe, but also in many countries of the world. Pure drinking water BonAqua appeared on the Russian market in 1994, and today is the second best-selling Coca-Cola brand in Russia, as well as the leader of the Russian bottled water market. The company offers three types of BonAqua drinking water: highly carbonated, medium carbonated and non-carbonated, in plastic bottles of various capacities: 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 liters.

Especially for BonAqua, produced in Russia, a unique branded bottle with a three-dimensional print has been developed, and the latest technologies are used for label printing. In 2008, the BonAqua trademark was replenished with a new line BonAquaViva - non-carbonated water with light lemon and grapefruit flavors. BonAquaViva is very convenient to use thanks to a stylish new bottle shape (0.5 l) and a sports cap.

Water "Aqua Minerale"(Fig. 9). For the production of drinking water, Aqua Minerale uses artesian water raised to the surface from deep and most protected by nature itself layers of the earth.

In the production process, the original artesian water is filtered on multi-layer sand filters and purified on modern reverse osmosis plants. At the final stage of processing, water prepared for bottling undergoes multi-stage filtration on polishing filters, which achieves absolute (99.999%) removal of particles with a diameter of 1 or more microns. The water filtered in this way is passed through an ultraviolet disinfection unit, then saturated with ozone and only then transferred to bottling, where bottles with finished products are corked under highly sanitary conditions. marketing market mineral preference

It should be noted that the filling of bottles with Aqua Minerale water is carried out in a nitrogen environment. This ensures the preservation of the unique taste and physico-chemical properties of the finished product for two or more years.

Water "Vera"(Fig. 10). The combination of the optimal chemical composition of this water and the latest equipment for water treatment and bottling makes it possible to convey Vera to the consumer almost in the original form in which it was mined. The taste of Vera water is distinguished by its extraordinary softness and lightness, which confirms the natural origin of water. In this water, in the right quantities, there are useful minerals necessary for the body, including the growing one. The unique mineral composition of Vera water includes such trace elements as: calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, substances without which a person cannot live and grow. Therefore, balanced, pure, natural drinking water "Vera" is perfect for both adults and children. At the plant, water goes through two stages of purification, which guarantees the preservation of its unique natural properties without changing the chemical composition.

In addition to "Holy Spring" water, all the other above-mentioned brands of table water belong to foreign manufacturing companies with a well-established national distribution system and strong advertising support. The rest of the brands of table water, as a rule, are distributed near the place of bottling, therefore they are known only within a certain region: for example, 7.3% of respondents named the brand of water "Monastyrskaya", 6.9% - "Omskaya", 6.5% - " Okhtinskaya", the same number of people mentioned the brand "Polustrovo", 6.3% called "Rosinka", 5% - "Hot Key", 4.2 - "Slavyanskaya", 2.3% - "Lipetskaya". Such "regional" brands as "Ekateringofskaya", "Shadrinskaya", "Seven streams", "Aksu" and others gained less than 3%.

After the respondents were presented with a list of brands (map) of mineral and table water and asked to indicate familiar brands, the situation did not change significantly. The first three places in terms of popularity were occupied by Borjomi - 96% of respondents know this brand, Narzan - 90.3%, Essentuki - 87.5%.

Among the brands of table water, "Holy Spring" remained the most famous - 72.2% of respondents know this brand. 57.9% of respondents reported that they know the brand "Bon Aqua", 52% - "Aqua Minerale".

Thus, the most famous brands of mineral and table water can be recognized as brands that have been on the market for quite a long time, with a well-established distribution system and advertising support.

The most effective advertising support, according to our study, is the water "Holy Spring" - 34.2% of respondents remembered the advertisement of this brand. 20.3% of respondents recalled the BonAqua advertisement, 17.7% - the Borjomi water advertisement, 16.9% - Aqua Minerale, 10.5% - the Narzan water advertisement.

If we compare the data on brand awareness and brand awareness of table and mineral water brands, it can be noted that all brands with a relatively high rating of brand awareness occupy leading positions in terms of brand awareness. Effective advertising support and an extensive distribution network make these brands of mineral and table water recognizable by most Russian consumers.

Conclusion

As can be seen from the above results of the study, the answers to the questions posed at the beginning of the work may sound like this:

The main consumers of the product are young people aged 15 to 30 with a high level of income. Other groups of the population are poorly involved in the mineral water market.

Since the main consumers of the product are young people and adolescents, the main attribute of the product for them is taste. The decisive influence on the decision to purchase, as a rule, is not the recommendations of doctors and specialists, but advertising and the advice of friends.

The most popular among buyers are carbonated varieties of table mineral waters, such as "BonAqua", "Holy Spring" and "AquaMinerale". This product is not purchased as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent, but as a means to quench thirst or raise status.

Based on the survey results, the following conclusions can also be drawn. Even among people who purchase mineral water for the same purpose, there are regular relationships between personality type and preferred brand. So, for example, life-lovers, aesthetes and conservatives belonging to the same age group (from 20 to 25) purchase mineral water on the street to quench their thirst. However, the first prefers "AquaMinerale", the second - "Holy Spring", and the third - "Narzan". This is explained by the fact that the first brand is associated with novelty, unusualness; the second - with the sublime, "holiness", spirituality, the third is stable and time-tested.

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