Question to a psychologist 

Water during rain. The power of rain water. thunder magic. Causes of plastic windows leaking during rain

Water plays a vital role in the life of all life on Earth. There is always water in the atmosphere. It is in a state of water vapor. It comes to Earth in the form of precipitation, among which there is such a phenomenon as rain. This natural phenomenon is of different types. Somewhere it rains often, and in another place people pray for at least a drop to fall. How is this drop formed and what is the nature of rain?

Education process

Humidity varies from place to place. This is due to the climate. Over the equatorial seas, the humidity is at a very high level, and over the desert - at a very low level. The presence of water vapor in the air and the process of condensation of water vapor determine the weather conditions. When condensation occurs, it rains, snows, or dew and frost form. According to the scientific definition, rain is atmospheric precipitation that falls to Earth in the form of droplets 0.5-7 millimeters in size. The drop comes from the clouds. If the droplets are smaller, then it is drizzle. Then they say it's raining. If drops larger than 7 millimeters fall, they break into smaller ones in the process of falling. Rain is also distinguished by intensity, which varies from 0.25 mm/h (drizzle) to 100 mm/h (rain shower).

It is known that rain is a complex process of water transformation in different states. In most cases, it falls from mixed nimbostratus and altostratus clouds. They contain ice crystals and supercooled droplets at temperatures below zero. Water vapor, rising very high, into the coldest layers of the atmosphere, undergoes a cooling process. It turns into small drops of water, which gradually create stratus clouds and increase in size. When they get heavy, they fall to the Earth in the form of rain. At low enough temperatures, the droplets in the clouds become ice crystals. But when they leave the cloud and enter the warm air layers, the process of melting occurs, and they turn into raindrops.

Circulation

For some, rain is a blessing during the scorching season, while for others it is a natural disaster that leads to floods. If there is no rain for a long time, a drought sets in, there is no harvest, and everything around dies out. But at the same time, if the amount of precipitation falls in excess of the norm, then a flood may occur, flooding of residential buildings, crops will die.

Scientifically speaking, rain is part of the water cycle around the world. When the vapor in the atmosphere evaporates, it rises to its higher layers. The temperature there is very low compared to the earth's surface. The steam cools and turns into small droplets of water. This process is called condensation. As already mentioned, droplets form stratus clouds, where they merge with each other. Now the droplet size has become larger.

Circulation scheme

From the ground, you can observe the process of changing white clouds to gray. This is also the water cycle in nature. A diagram of such a process is shown below. The world's water reserves are unchanged. However, the water itself is constantly redistributed. The process of solar radiation contributes to the evaporation of water. Those minerals that were dissolved in it settle in the soil. And the water molecule itself is born in the hydrological cycle.

This molecule receives slightly more thermal energy than neighboring ones. Then it, overcoming the force of surface gravity of the liquid, turns into vapor, or rather, into its molecule. This is how the water cycle in nature begins and continues. The diagram perfectly illustrates this natural phenomenon. The air, in which the vapor molecule is located, is involved in the circulation process. It is a consequence of the uneven heating of the polar and tropical zones, the rotation of the Earth and the pressure drop in the atmosphere.

The movement of air masses

The circulation of the atmosphere in the Northern Hemisphere is oriented towards the west-east direction. Inside the air masses, the movement of air is vertical. This is due to its heating in contact with the surface of the land and ocean, which have warmer temperatures. Part of the heated air expands, and its density decreases, it rises. At the top, this part of the air is already cooled to a temperature where moisture cannot be in a gaseous state. Then the condensation process begins. Further clouds form with raindrops.

How is the water cycle completed in nature?

The water cycle causes rain. As a natural phenomenon, he depends on it. In other words, nature itself, the climate and the whole environment in a certain area influence the types of rain that can occur there.

When part of the water, combined with ground or underground runoff, returns to the ocean, the cycle process is completed.

Leaked underground, again falls from the source to its surface. A spring, then a stream that leads to a river, and she to the sea. Thus the water cycle closes.

What are the signs of rain?

It is known that the harvest in most countries depends on rain. People have always believed in a mystical connection between nature and human existence. A special place was given to rain. There is a very large number of different kinds of signs of certain events. Here are just a few signs of rain that have become popular:

  • If there is a foggy circle around the sun, expect rain tomorrow.
  • The sun goes down at sunset into the clouds - to the rain.
  • If large bubbles float in the puddles, it will rain for a long time.
  • It started to rain during the wedding - the couple will live well, in prosperity and for many long years.
  • Rainbow in the summer during the rain - the rain is short-lived.
  • If there are clouds in the sky, and the sun has not yet risen, it will rain.
  • Milk is foaming on the windowsill - wait for the pouring rain.
  • Hands and feet ache - there will be bad weather and precipitation.
  • Rainy summer - snowy and frosty winter.
  • If there is no dew on a summer night, the day will be rainy and overcast.
  • On a summer day, distant objects are visible through the haze - it will rain during the day.
  • The rooster crowed earlier than expected in the summer - to the rain.
  • The indistinct ringing of the bell - to the rain.
  • It started to rain on the Annunciation - there will be a good harvest of rye.
  • The first two days of June passed with rain - then the month will be dry.
  • It rains on Ilyin's day - there will be a plentiful grain harvest.
  • Caught in the pouring rain — be a new thing.

Features of drops

Raindrops fall to the ground in different sizes and shapes. Research with ultra-modern cameras made it possible to see how a raindrop is formed and what are its features. Their diversity is caused by personal transformation and fragmentation. When falling, the drop has its own shape, but under the pressure of air it becomes flat.

The flow of oncoming air causes it to bend inward. The drop inflates and bursts. Its sprays fly in different directions. This whole process takes less than a second. In science, raindrops are divided into three types: fast, small and large.

When raindrops fall from the clouds, some of them evaporate before reaching the ground. Those that remain fall to the ground and seep under it. The very weight of the raindrop helps it do this, although it is hindered by the air it has to displace. Therefore, the process of moving underground proceeds slowly.

Why does water seep into the ground differently in different places?

Soil type is important. In the forest, raindrops move 1 m per day. In the sand - 1 m in 1 hour. This is because small underground pores are wider, while in clay they are narrower. Root fibers also act as barriers, hungry for food for their trees, flowers, and other plants. The rays of the sun pull upward like a magnet, this also prevents the drops from moving underground. Simultaneously with all these processes, chemical processes take place.

A raindrop is enriched with minerals: iron, potassium oxide, silicic acid and others. So she continues her way deep into the earth, into the groundwater.

Why is it raining?

When the air is hot, the water on the surface of the earth and water bodies heats up faster, and the process of evaporation occurs. This almost weightless vapor rises high into the atmospheric layers, where temperatures are low. There begins the process of formation of raindrops. That is why it rains in summer, which, by the way, is very necessary for the harvest. So everything in the world was specially created by the Creator. The main thing is that a person does not interfere with the laws of nature and does not harm it. Otherwise we are in big trouble. One such anomalous phenomenon is acid rain.

Rain types

Normal rain has an acidity of pH = 5.6, while acid rain is lower. If the water has a pH = 5.5, the beneficial bottom bacteria of the reservoir die. At pH = 4.5, fish, amphibians and insects die. Acid rain is a serious problem in industrial regions, where sulfur and nitrogen oxides are emitted into the atmosphere.

Rains are of very different types: mushroom, with hail, with a thunderstorm, lingering, oblique, torrential, drizzle, rolling, strip, blind, sieve. In the tropics, the season is conditionally divided not into four, but into two: the season of heavy rains and high temperatures. When the tropical rainy season begins, otherwise the monsoons, then almost an annual rainfall falls. Usually these rains come from October to May and are short-lived. As a rule, they go at a certain time of the day. The locals are waiting for these rains and treat them calmly. For many people in the tropics, rain is an occasion for fun. Many tourists prefer this season for travel, as hotels are cheaper and breathing is easier at this time. They can see more sights, and for surfing, the tropical rainy season brings good waves.

water energy

When people approach rationally what nature gives them, rain is a source of energy for them and a blessing for life. During heavy rain, the streams intensively fill the rivers that flow into the seas. Mankind has learned to use the internal energy of water. Thanks to it, the wheels of mills rotate, the blades of water turbines that provide electricity and feed thousands of machines. But it happens that water brings the elements and great destruction. Not everything, of course, depends on the person, but most of it depends on him. Most often, humanity provokes nature.

For our latitudes, the first rain means the arrival of spring. After a long winter and frosts, when you hear raindrops, it becomes joyful in your soul. This is a sign of the renewal of nature, and therefore of us, people! The remains of snowdrifts descend under the droplets of the first rain. Winter is retreating.

The amount of rainfall is judged by the thickness of the layer of fallen water. As a rule, it is measured in millimeters. 1 mm of water layer is equal to 1 kg of raindrops per 1 sq. m area. The intensity usually fluctuates between 1.25-100 mm/h. Precipitation is classified into light, moderate or heavy rain.

So water is omnipresent. It is in the clouds, on the ground and below it. Water feeds all living things, and if there is no water, everything will die out. But the same life-giving force can turn into a natural disaster. Therefore, a person learns to control this element, find a common language with it and not violate the laws of nature.

Most of the water from the storm enters the river runoff in a short period after the precipitation. Water from small streams joins with others in the catchment area and increases river flow.

Thus, during and after a rainstorm, many times more water can flow in the next few hours than in a few days (when the rain has stopped).

A large amount of annual river flow can occur within a few days. For example, in 2001, 10 days of high average daily river flow accounted for 36 percent of the total river flow for the year.

If you've ever wondered how many liters of water fall during a rainstorm, you could count. Let's try to help you do this using a calculator.

To do this, you need to measure the amount of precipitation in millimeters and multiply by the area of ​​distribution of precipitation and get the approximate amount of water that has fallen.

During a rainstorm, the water level in the streams rises. This water feeds groundwater, and accordingly, affects the flow rate of the Abyssinian well.

Data rounded

River flow at 10:00 was 154 times greater than at midnight. Nearly 150,000 liters of water per second flowed during the peak period.

In natural watershed areas, more rainfall seeps into the ground, but impermeable surfaces prevent this. In urban areas, most precipitation falls on impenetrable areas such as paved roads and playgrounds, parking lots and large buildings.

Water falling on impermeable surfaces drains into storm drains, from where it enters streams. Thus, a lot of runoff enters the water streams during the first minutes after a rainstorm.

The high water level drops quickly after a rainstorm.

Within a few hours after the end of the storm, the river flow returns to the base level.

Under natural conditions, sediment seeped into aquifers will gradually come to the surface and feed water flows.

The rate of increase in river flow during a storm is much greater than the return to baseline conditions.

The characteristics of precipitation and, accordingly, river runoff may be different for different storms.

Reasons for the decrease in the base level of water flow

In the absence of precipitation, water in the channels of water flows comes from aquifers. As the number of impermeable surfaces in a watershed increases, the amount of rain water that seeps into the ground decreases. Thus, the aquifer receives less water to supply to the water stream.

I recently noticed that water goes into the fireplace when it rains. While this is about a drop per second or so, it can easily fill a small pot on a stormy and rainy day.

I don't think it's okay. I have a flue cap at the top of my chimney. Is this normal behavior?

And what are the possible reasons for this?

Answers

DMoore

It looks like your chimney cap has come off to let so much water in. The shaft is only a few months old and I had to secure it with additional screws. I would check this first.

If it only goes inside the chimney, it really needs to be on top of the cap, or you need to patch it around the base of the cap.

David

thanks, just checked the chimney cap, it's still there. I need to check the seal around the base of the cap as soon as the rain stops. Can it seep into the bulging chimney from the area of ​​the flashing fire? Mainly the part where the cap flashes is attached to the chimney (near the roof crossing)

DMoore

I don't understand how you would get a lot of water in the chimney and not in your house/outside the chimney if you had a flickering problem.

David

This surprises me too. Most likely it could be a sealing issue. I'll check it out as soon as the rain stops. Thanks for the help!

David

In your opinion, the chasing of the chimney could be the cause of this problem?

DMoore

If you have a point on the top of the chimney that goes down and holds some water, everything will funnel and then come out in the easiest way possible. You may also have a crack in the crown of your chimney (which the cap sits on) and this may need to be patched. Almost all problems with water entering the chimney are fairly easy to fix. You can find out the exact cause with a bucket of water and testing on your roof (if possible).

Petr

The chimney cap is not waterproof, especially in the wind. I speak from experience. We have two pipes, one with a regular plug.

The "warming" of water in the river during rain is an apparent phenomenon. If you arm yourself with a thermometer and measure the temperature of the water before the rain and during it, you will not be able to detect a significant difference.

warming illusion

The water in the river during the rain seems to be warmer, not because it really becomes so, but in comparison with the air temperature. Rain is always accompanied by a cold snap. This happens for several reasons.

Very often, along with the rain comes cold. Rain can be accompanied by wind. Objectively, the wind does not reduce the air temperature, but affects its perception by a person, carrying away a layer of air heated from the human body.
Raindrops occur at a fairly high altitude, where the air temperature is much lower than at the Earth's surface, so the temperature of rainwater is also low. Reaching the ground, raindrops do not have time to heat up to such an extent that their temperature is comparable to the temperature of the air, so they cool the air.

The action of any of these factors is sufficient to cool the air to such an extent that in comparison with it the river water seems warmer.

Why does water keep temperature

When it rains, the air cools, but not the water. This is due to the high heat capacity of water. Heat capacity is a physical quantity that expresses the ratio of the heat received by the body and changes in its temperature. On this basis, water in nature is not a "record holder", but one of the "champions" among various substances. It is inferior in heat capacity only to ammonia and hydrogen.

Such a high heat capacity, which scientists even call anomalous, is explained by the special structure of water. It consists of triatomic H2O molecules, but only a small part of such molecules in liquid water is in a free state. Most of them are combined into associates - crystal-like structures of several molecules. When water is heated, hydrogen bonds break in the associates. This process requires a lot of energy, so it is not easy to heat the water, but it will also give off heat just as slowly.

Preservation of water temperature in rivers during rain is only one of the manifestations of the high heat capacity of water. It is this property that allows water to protect the Earth from catastrophic temperature changes that could destroy all life.

Folk signs and beliefs often help people predict the weather. Such predictions have been formed and tested for centuries and therefore they can be trusted. One of these predictions is the sign of bubbles in puddles during. This belief belongs to the category of weather, and can be useful both for gardeners and summer residents, and for those who like to spend time in nature and want to know in advance how long the bad weather will last.

Folk signs about bubbles in puddles

Many people argue whether the formation of bubbles in puddles indicates prolonged rain, or vice versa, this means that the bad weather will end soon. According to, the rain with bubbles will be protracted, and in extreme cases it may even last more than one day.

Our ancestors knew that the formation of such a phenomenon as a bubble promises only prolonged bad weather and were absolutely right, because its formation requires a certain atmospheric pressure, which happens when rain clouds do not think to dissolve. And this means that precipitation will fall for a long time. Atmospheric pressure, which regulates the movement of warm and cold air fronts, and explains how long a storm will last. If two extended and slow-moving fronts collided, it will not be possible to wait for the sun and heat soon.

So the sign about bubbles in puddles has a scientific justification, and not even one. In addition to atmospheric pressure, for the formation of a bubble, it is necessary that the raindrop be large enough. Only in this case, it will be able to break through the surface tension of water. Large drops, as a rule, occur during showers and thunderstorms, and this in itself indicates that bad weather can drag on. Although, there are exceptions to this rule, for example, in the southern regions, bad weather often begins suddenly and ends quickly.