Air forces, their composition and purpose. Armament and military equipment of the Air Force subject: obzh - Lesson. How many military aircraft does Russia have
Types of military equipment and weapons of the Air Force: Long-range aviation Long-range aviation Front-line aviation Front-line aviation Army aviation Army aviation Military transport aviation Military transport aviation Special aviation Special aviation Anti-aircraft missile troops Anti-aircraft missile troops Radio engineering troops Radio engineering troops
Let's consider them in more detail: Long-range aviation Long-range aviation is the main strike weapon of the Air Force, designed to destroy enemy groupings of troops, aviation, naval forces and destroy its important military, military-industrial, energy facilities, communication centers mainly in the strategic and operational depth. It can also be involved in aerial reconnaissance and mining from the air. The main types of strategic and long-range bombers Tu-160, Tu-95MS, Tu-22M3. The main types of strategic and long-range bombers Tu-160, Tu-95MS, Tu-22M3.
Front-line aviation Front-line aviation is the main strike force of the Air Force, solves tasks in combined arms, joint and independent operations, is designed to destroy enemy troops and objects in operational depth in the air, on land and at sea. It can be used for aerial reconnaissance and mining from the air. The main types are Su-24M, Su-25, Su-27, MiG-31, MiG-29, Su-24MR.
Army aviation Army aviation is intended for aviation support of the Ground Forces by destroying ground, mainly small-sized, armored enemy mobile targets mainly at the forefront and in tactical depth, as well as for solving the problems of comprehensively supporting combined arms combat and increasing troop mobility. At the same time, army aviation units and subunits perform fire, airborne transport, reconnaissance and special combat missions.
Military transport aviation Military transport aviation is the means of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces and provides air transportation of its troops, military equipment and cargo, as well as airborne landings. The main types include aircraft of various modifications: An-124, Il-76, An-26, An-22, An-12. The main types include aircraft of various modifications: An-124, Il-76, An-26, An-22, An-12.
Special aviation Special aviation is designed to solve special tasks: long-range radar detection and control, electronic warfare, reconnaissance and target designation as part of reconnaissance and strike complexes, providing control and communications, refueling aircraft in the air, conducting radiation, chemical and engineering reconnaissance, evacuating the wounded and sick, search and rescue flight crews.
Anti-Aircraft Missile Troops Anti-Aircraft Missile Troops (ZRV) are designed to cover important administrative-political industrial-economic and military installations and other objects of the country from air attacks. The SAMs are armed with unique anti-aircraft missile systems (SAM) S-300PM, which are superior to the best foreign counterparts, and have high capabilities to destroy all modern air attack weapons, in the entire range of altitudes and flight speeds, in radio interference conditions. The SAMs are armed with unique anti-aircraft missile systems (SAM) S-300PM, which are superior to the best foreign counterparts, and have high capabilities to destroy all modern air attack weapons, in the entire range of altitudes and flight speeds, in radio interference conditions.
Radio Engineering Troops The Radio Engineering Troops (RTV) are designed to conduct radar reconnaissance of an air enemy, issue information for radar support of anti-aircraft missile forces and aviation units, as well as to control the use of the country's airspace. They are equipped with various types of modern radar stations and complexes, which make it possible at any time of the year and day in the conditions of enemy electronic countermeasures to detect air attack weapons at long ranges and in a wide range of altitudes, to determine their exact coordinates and nationality. They are equipped with various types of modern radar stations and complexes, which make it possible at any time of the year and day in the conditions of enemy electronic countermeasures to detect air attack weapons at long ranges and in a wide range of altitudes, to determine their exact coordinates and nationality. The basics include: The basics include: Radar "Opponent-G", Radar "Nebo-U", "Gamma - DE", "Gamma-S1", "Casta-2" Radar "Opponent-G", Radar "Nebo- U", "Gamma - DE", "Gamma-C1", "Casta-2"
Any state at all times needed dedicated people who would be ready to defend it at any moment. After all, humanity throughout its history has used violence to conquer the weaker. Therefore, martial art has become an integral activity in every state. In this case, it should be noted that people engaged in such a craft have always enjoyed honor and respect in society. This fact is not surprising, because they were always at risk. The work of such people was associated with the performance of dangerous tasks. To date, the essence of military craft has changed somewhat. However, the status of military personnel remains the same. This sector of human activity is highly developed in many modern states. Speaking specifically about the Russian Federation, this country has one of the most combat-ready armies in the world. The armed forces are made up of several professionals. Against the backdrop of the entire structure of the Russian army, military aviation stands out. This sector of the armed forces plays a significant role. At the same time, the majority of citizens of the Russian Federation tend to serve in the aviation industry, which leads to the existence of many educational institutions that produce specialists in this field.
Air force concept
The tasks of military aviation
Any combat type unit exists to perform certain tasks. Modern military aviation of Russia in this case is no exception. A large number of different areas of activity are assigned to this functional element of the armed forces. Given this fact, we can single out the most urgent tasks of Russian military aviation, for example:
- protection of airspace over the territory of the state;
- destruction of enemy manpower from the air;
- transportation of personnel, weapons, provisions;
- conducting reconnaissance activities;
- defeat of the enemy air fleet;
- combat assistance to ground forces.
At the same time, it should be noted that the modern military aviation of Russia is constantly evolving. This leads to the expansion of its functional tasks. In addition, the current legislation may impose other obligations on aviation.
Combat strength of aviation
The new military aviation of Russia, that is, the formation of an independent Russian Federation, is represented by a large number of different equipment. To date, as part of this sector of the armed forces, there are aircraft of various technical characteristics. All of them are suitable for combat missions of any kind and complexity. It should be noted that the military aviation equipment belongs to the domestic manufacturer in full. Thus, the following devices are used in the activities of military aviation:
There is also a special aviation sector, which includes devices used for atypical tasks. This includes tanker aircraft, air command posts, reconnaissance aircraft, as well as aviation guidance and radio detection systems.
Promising innovation
The armament of the state is effective only if it is constantly developed. To do this, it is necessary to invent new technologies that will help in the implementation of the tasks of the military sector. In the aviation industry today there are several innovative developments. For example, the family of fighters will soon be replenished with new aircraft of the 5th and 4th generation, which include the T-50 (PAK FA) and MiG - 35. Transport aviation did not stand aside. Soon, new aircraft will appear in the fleet of this type of aircraft: Il-112 and 214.
Training in the relevant sector
One should be aware of the fact that the military aviation of Russia consists not only of aircraft, but also of people, personnel, which directly performs the functional tasks of the represented sphere of the armed forces. Therefore, the availability of qualified personnel is essential. For the training of specialists in the mentioned field, Russian military aviation schools operate in our state. In such educational institutions, qualified professionals are trained for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
Qualities required for admission to specialized educational institutions
Aviation schools of Russian military aviation are special places of education. In other words, to enter this kind of institution, a person must possess a number of certain qualities. First of all, you need to be in excellent health. After all, the control of aircraft is associated with large loads on the body. Therefore, any deviation from the norm will put an end to the career of a pilot. In addition, pilots wishing to write an article must have the following characterizing aspects:
- have a high level of academic achievement in general education subjects;
- have high stress resistance;
- a person must be ready for team work;
In this case, all the moments presented are not inherent in all people. However, the military sphere is a rather specific type of activity that requires employees with a special temperament. If a person in the future profession is attracted only by the uniform of a Russian military aviation pilot, then he clearly should not work in this area.
List of schools
For everyone who wants to join the ranks of professionals in the military aviation of the Russian Federation, special educational institutions operate on the territory of the state. It should be noted that in order to enter such places, it is necessary to have all the qualities listed above, pass a competition and a series of test exams. Every year, the requirements for applicants to specific educational institutions of military aviation change. As for the choice of a particular university, it is quite large. Today, the following specialized schools operate in Russia:
Thus, everyone who wants to connect their lives with flying in the sky can safely enter the presented educational institutions, which will later give them the opportunity to do what they love.
Conclusion
Thus, in the Russian Federation today, the flight sector of the armed forces is quite well developed, which is supported by the corresponding photos. Russian military aviation is experiencing a moment of technical evolution. This means that in a few years we will see completely new aircraft in the sky. In addition, the state does not spare funds for the training of specialists in the relevant field of military art.
The Russian Air Force is second only to the US Air Force in terms of fleet size.
As of 2010, the number of personnel of the Russian Air Force is about 148,000 people. The Air Force operates more than 4,000 pieces of military equipment, as well as 833 in storage.
After the reform, the air regiments were consolidated into air bases, with a total of 60 AB.
Tactical aviation is composed of the following squadrons:
- 38 fighter aircraft)
- 14 bombers,
- 14 assault aircraft,
- 9 reconnaissance aircraft,
- training and testing - 13 ae.
Tactical aviation bases deployment:
- KOR - 2 AB
- GVZ - 1 AB
- ZVO - 6 AB
- Southern Military District - 5 AB
- CVO - 4 AB
- VVO - 7 AB
At the end of 2003, Lieutenant General Viktor Nikolayevich Sokerin, having resigned from the post of Commander of the Air Force and Air Defense of the Baltic Fleet, described the situation in the Air Force at that time as follows: "The Armed Forces are experiencing an uncontrolled decay of their combat aviation." “... Aviation regiments are staffed by officers who, over the course of five years of training, had only a few hours of training flight time, and mainly with an instructor. Only 3 percent of pilots of the 1st and 2nd classes are younger than 36 years old, and only 1 percent of navigators of the 1st class of the Air Force of the Baltic Fleet are younger than 40 years old. 60 percent of crew commanders are over 35 years old, half of them are over 40 years old.”
According to the results of 2006, the average flying time in the Russian Air Force was 40 hours. The flight time depends on the type of aircraft. In military transport aviation, it was 60 hours, while in fighter and front-line aviation it was 20-25 hours. For comparison, for the same year this indicator in the USA was 189, France 180, Romania 120 hours. In 2007, as a result of improving the supply of aviation fuel and intensifying combat training, the average annual flight time increased: in long-range aviation it amounted to 80-100 hours, in air defense aviation - about 55 hours. Young pilots often have over 100 flight hours.
In addition to the Air Force, there is military aviation in other types and branches of the Armed Forces of Russia: the Navy, the Strategic Missile Forces. Air defense aviation and aviation of the ground forces are part of the Air Force. Aviation of the Strategic Missile Forces by April 1, 2011 will be transferred to the Air Force of the Russian Federation.
The plan to reduce the number of bases provides for a reduction to 33 air bases, and the write-off of about 1000 aircraft, up to 2000 aircraft.
The exact quantitative and qualitative composition of the Russian Air Force is classified information. The data below is collected from open sources and may contain significant inaccuracies.
Sources
MiG-31 - heavy high-speed interceptor
MiG-29 - light multirole fighter
Su-35BM - 4++ generation heavy multirole fighter
Tu-22M3 - medium bomber-missile carrier
Tu-160 - heavy strategic bomber-missile carrier and Su-27 - fighter-interceptor
Il-78 - an air tanker and a pair of Su-24 - front-line bombers
Ka-50 - attack helicopter
| Purpose, name | Number in regular air force | Quantity in the Air Force Reserve | Total | Number of delivered machines |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strategic and long-range aviation: | 204 | 90 | 294 | |
| Tu-22M3 | 124 | 90 | 214 | |
| Tu-95MS6/Tu-95MS16 | 32/32 | 64 | ||
| Tu-160 | 16 | 16 | ||
| Frontline aviation: | 655 | 301 | 956 | 39 |
| Su-25 / Su-25SM | 241/40 | 100 | 381 | |
| Su-24 / Su-24M / Su-24M2 | 0/335/30 | 201/0/0 | 566 | 0 |
| Su-34 | 9 | 9 | 23 | |
| Fighter aircraft: | 782 | 600 | 1382 | 66 |
| MiG-29 / MiG-29SMT/UBT | 242/34 | 300 | 570 | |
| MiG-31 / MiG-31BM | 178/10 | 200 | 388 | |
| Su-27 / Su-27SM / Su-27SM2/SM3 | 252/55/4 | 100 | 406 | 0/0/8 |
| Su-30 / Su-30M2 | 5/4 | 9 | ||
| Su-35S | 0 | 0 | 48 | |
| Combat helicopters: | 1328 | 1328 | 130 | |
| Ka-50 | 8 | 8 | 5 | |
| Ka-52 | 8 | 8 | 31 | |
| Mi-24P/Mi-24PN/Mi-24VP-M | 592/28/0 | 620 | 0/0/22 | |
| Mi-28N | 38 | 38 | 59 | |
| Mi-8/Mi-8AMTSh/Mi-8MTV-5 | 600/22/12 | 610 | 0/12/18 | |
| Mi-26 | 35 | 35 | ||
| Ka-60 | 7 | 7 | ||
| Reconnaissance aviation: | 150 | 150 | ||
| Su-24MR | 100 | 100 | ||
| MiG-25RB | 30 | 30 | ||
| A-50/A-50U | 11/1 | 8 | 20 | |
| Transport aviation and tankers: | 284 | 284 | 60 | |
| IL-76 | 210 | 210 | ||
| An-22 | 12 | 12 | ||
| An-72 | 20 | 20 | ||
| An-70 | 0 | 60 | ||
| An-124 | 22 | 22 | ||
| IL-78 | 20 | 20 | ||
| Anti-aircraft missile troops: | 304 | 304 | 19 | |
| S-300PS | 70 | 70 | ||
| S-300PM | 30 | 30 | ||
| S-300V/S-300V4 | 200 PU | 200 PU | 0/? | |
| S-400 | 4 | 4 | 48 | |
| Training and combat training aviation: | >980 | 980 | 12 | |
| MiG-29UB/ MiG-29UBT | ?/6 | |||
| Su-27UB | ||||
| Su-25UB/ Su-25UBM | 0/16 | |||
| Tu-134UBL | ||||
| L-39 | 336 | 336 | ||
| Yak-130 | 8 | 8 | 3 | |
| Ansat-U | 15 | 15 | ||
| Ka-226 | 0 | 6 |
Rearmament
In 2010, the Russian aviation industry supplied the Russian Ministry of Defense with 21 aircraft and 57 helicopters.
In 2011, the Russian Ministry of Defense will receive at least 28 aircraft and more than 100 helicopters from the industry. Also this year, the modernization of the fleet of Su-25 attack aircraft to the SM standard will continue.
As of May 2011, 8 serial Ka-52 helicopters entered service. The plant can assemble up to 2 Ka-52s per month
According to the Russian Ministry of Defense in 2011, 35 aircraft, 109 helicopters and 21 anti-aircraft missile systems will be purchased.
As of the beginning of 2011, 8 out of 38 fighter aviation squadrons were re-equipped with new and modernized aircraft; attack aviation - 3 out of 14 air units; bomber aviation - 2 out of 14 ae. In the same year, one bomber airbase at the Baltimore air base near Voronezh will be re-equipped with the Su-34.
It became known about the order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation of 100 Ka-60 helicopters with the start date of deliveries in 2015.
It became known that at the MAKS-2011 air show, it is planned to sign a contract for the supply of an additional batch of Yak-130 in the amount of 60 vehicles. A contract for the modernization of the MiG-31 into the MiG-31BM variant in the amount of 30 vehicles. A contract for the supply of MiG-29K in the amount of 24 aircraft for the Aviation of the Russian Navy.
The number of aircraft received by the Air Force in recent years as part of the rearmament program:
| Name | Quantity |
|---|---|
| Fighter aircraft: | 107 |
| MiG-29SMT | 28 |
| MiG-29UBT | 6 |
| MiG-31BM | 10 |
| Su-27SM | 55 |
| Su-27SM3 | 4 |
| Su-30M2 | 4 |
| Assault/bomber aircraft: | 87 |
| Su-25SM | 40 |
| Su-25UBM | 1 |
| Su-24M2 | 30 |
| Su-34 | 13 |
| Educational and training aviation: | 6 |
| Yak-130 | 9 |
| Helicopter aviation: | 92 |
| Ka-50 | 8 |
| Ka-52 | 11 |
| Mi-28N | 38 |
| Mi-8AMTSh | 32 |
| Mi-8MTV5 | 19 |
| Ansat-U | 15 |
Concluded contracts for the supply of aircraft for the Russian Air Force and Navy:
| Name | Quantity | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| MiG-29K | 24 | it is planned to sign a contract for MAKS-2011 |
| Su-27SM3 | 12 | completed by a third, the last 8 boards will arrive in 2011 |
| Su-30M2 | 4 | completed |
| Su-35S | 48 | the first two boards will arrive in 2011, the deadline for completion is 2015 |
| Su-34 | 32 | 4 boards delivered, 6 more will arrive in 2011, then 10-12 aircraft annually |
| Su-25UBM | 16 | |
| Ka-52 | 36 | 8 serial boards delivered, 10 more will arrive in 2011 |
| Mi-28N | 97 | 38 aircraft delivered, including 15 in 2010, 15 more in 2011 |
| Mi-26T | ? | 4 until the end of 2011 |
| Yak-130 | 62 | 9 serial boards have been delivered, 3 more will arrive in the summer |
| An-140-100 | 11 | Will be delivered within 3 years |
| Ka-226 | 36 | 6 in 2011 |
| Ka-60 | 100 | deliveries from 2014-2015, part of the ship version is possible |
Unmanned aerial vehicles
The Russian Air Force has two UAV regiments, a research squadron and the UAV Combat Use Center in Yegorievsk. At the same time, the development of UAVs in Russia lags far behind similar programs of NATO countries. In 2010, the Russian Defense Ministry ordered from Israel 3 types of reconnaissance unmanned aircraft for the needs of its army. The total number of devices is estimated at 63 units. In Russia, it is planned to open a joint venture with Israel for the production of UAVs.
Types of purchased UAVs:
- IAI Bird Eye 400
- IAI I-View
- IAI Searcher 2
Of the domestic UAVs, it is known for certain that the following are in service:
- ZALA 421-08
- Pchela-1T
- tipchak
- Tu-243
Educational establishments
Educational institutions that train specialists for the Russian Air Force:
- Air Force Academy named after prof. N. E. Zhukovsky and Yu. A. Gagarin
- Military Academy of Aerospace Defense named after Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov
- Krasnodar branch of VUNTS VVS "VVA"
- Military Aviation Engineering University of Voronezh
After the adoption of SAP-2020, officials often talk about the rearmament of the Air Force (or, more broadly, the supply of aircraft systems to the RF Armed Forces). At the same time, the specific parameters of this re-equipment and the strength of the Air Force by 2020 are not directly given. In view of this, many media give their forecasts, but they are presented, as a rule, in tabular form - without arguments or a calculation system.
This article is just an attempt to predict the combat strength of the Russian Air Force by the specified date. All information is collected from open sources - from media materials. There are no claims for absolute accuracy, because the ways of the State ... ... defense order in Russia are inscrutable, and often a mystery even for those who form it.
Total strength of the Air Force
So, let's start with the main thing - with the total number of the Air Force by 2020. This number will be formed from new-built aircraft and their modernized "senior colleagues".
In his programmatic article, V.V. Putin pointed out that: “... In the coming decade, the troops will receive ... more than 600 modern aircraft, including fifth-generation fighters, over a thousand helicopters". At the same time, the current Minister of Defense S.K. Shoigu recently cited slightly different data: “... By the end of 2020, we will have to receive about 2,000 new aircraft systems from industrial enterprises, including 985 helicopters».
The numbers are of the same order, but there are differences in the details. What is it connected with? For helicopters, the delivered machines may no longer be taken into account. Some change in the parameters of SAP-2020 is also possible. But only they will require changes in funding. Theoretically, this is facilitated by the refusal to resume production of the An-124 and a slight reduction in the number of purchases of helicopters.
S. Shoigu mentioned, in fact, no less than 700-800 aircraft (we will subtract helicopters from the total number). Article by V.V. This does not contradict Putin (more than 600 aircraft), but “more than 600” does not really correlate with “almost 1000”. Yes, and money for the “extra” 100-200 aircraft (even taking into account the abandonment of the Ruslans) will need to be attracted additionally, especially if you buy fighters and front-line bombers (with an average price of Su-30SM of $ 40 million per unit, you get astronomical figure - up to a quarter of a trillion rubles for 200 vehicles, despite the fact that PAK FA or Su-35S are more expensive).
Thus, the most likely increase in purchases is due to cheaper combat training Yak-130s (all the more so because it is very necessary), attack aircraft and UAVs (it seems that, according to media reports, work has intensified). Although the additional purchase of the Su-34 up to 140 units. can also take place. Now there are about 24 of them. + about 120 Su-24M. Will be - 124 pcs. But to replace front-line bombers in the 1 x 1 format, another fifteen Su-34s will be required.
Based on the given data, it seems appropriate to accept average figures of 700 airplanes and 1,000 helicopters. Total - 1700 boards.
Now let's move on to modernized technology. In general, by 2020, the share of new equipment in the Armed Forces should be 70%. But this percentage is not the same for different branches and types of troops. For the Strategic Missile Forces - up to 100% (sometimes they say 90%). For the Air Force, figures were given in the same 70%.
I also admit that the share of new equipment will “reach” 80%, but not due to an increase in its purchases, but due to a greater write-off of old machines. However, this article uses a 70/30 ratio. Therefore, the forecast is moderately optimistic. By simple calculations (X=1700x30/70), we get (approximately) 730 modernized boards. In other words, the number of the Russian Air Force by 2020 is planned in the region of 2430-2500 aircraft and helicopters.
With the total number, it seems, sorted out. Let's get down to specifics. Let's start with helicopters. This is the most covered topic, and deliveries are already in full swing.
Helicopters
For attack helicopters, it is planned to have 3 (!) Models - (140 units), (96 units), as well as the Mi-35M (48 units). A total of 284 units were planned. (not including some cars lost in aviation accidents).