Natural phenomena and precipitation. The most terrible natural phenomena. Unusual and interesting natural phenomena

Summer is the most favorite time of the year for schoolchildren and their parents. This is the long-awaited time of holidays and vacations. Summer is characterized by an increase in temperature indicators to a possible maximum, as well as distinctive features, natural phenomena. This season lasts three months. in different geographical latitudes it occurs differently. In the Southern Hemisphere, the summer months are December, January and February. North of the equator, this season extends into June, July and August. In cold countries, the warm season can last no more than one month.

Natural phenomena in summer

Each season is characterized by certain climatic features. In winter, snow falls, frost sets in; in spring, trees begin to bloom, birds arrive, there is a flood; in autumn we notice leaf fall, constant rains. But what phenomenon observed in nature characterizes summer? This time of year is determined by several meteorological changes at once.

All summer natural phenomena (examples: thunderstorm, dew, rainbow, etc.) are associated with significant warming. At this time of the year, the weather is sultry, dry, nevertheless, it is considered favorable for a person. It should be noted that meteorological summer phenomena of nature are highly variable. Examples: rain, hail, wind. On days when the sun shines brightly and the sky is clear, cumulus clouds can gather in a matter of minutes and a real thunderstorm with thunder and lightning can begin. In the case of a brief downpour in half an hour, the temperature will rise again and the sun will continue to shine brightly.

Precipitation in summer is always in a short interval, but they are characterized by high intensity. Along with thunderstorms, strong winds with sharp gusts often rise. After precipitation, you can often see a phenomenon such as a rainbow. Dew often appears in the morning.

Wind

This natural anomaly is a stream of air, which is mainly directed relative to the horizontal surface of the earth. Wind is classified by power, speed, scale, level of distribution. To determine the category of an anomaly, its strength, duration and direction should be taken into account.

On land in the summer, winds are squally only during or before a severe thunderstorm. This is due to the collision of two air masses opposite in temperature and direction in different layers of the atmosphere. On the American continent, powerful hurricanes often occur at this time of the year. What phenomenon, observed in nature in summer, happens in the waters of the sea or ocean? There are most often short-term storms, which are characterized by intensity and strong gusts of wind. Often they raise waves up to several meters high.

It is noteworthy that global monsoons play an important role in changes in seasonal temperature indicators of winds. Their duration varies within a few months. Monsoons have different circulation and temperature, strength and direction. It depends on them what the season will be: warm or cold.

Clouds

As a result of condensation rises to the upper atmosphere. Particles crystallize under the influence of low temperatures and combine to form This is how clouds form in the sky (see photo of a natural phenomenon below).

Each cloud consists of particles of water and has a unique shape that changes under the influence of air flow and temperature. If the upper atmosphere is -100 degrees Celsius, then the clouds will consist of drop elements. Otherwise, ice crystals will predominate in their composition.

Summer clouds are usually divided into thunderstorm, rain, cumulus, cirrus, stratus and others. If the air elements are combined into clouds, then there is a high probability of precipitation. The heaviest showers fall from stratus and cumulus clouds. If the air masses have a homogeneous composition, then precipitation will be insignificant and short-term.

Rain

In the hot season, precipitation is considered a rather rare climatic anomaly. Rain itself represents a continuous vertical fall of water. Clouds are the starting point of movement. Rain is a cumulative natural phenomenon. Until the clouds collect a large amount of moisture, precipitation will not begin.

To date, it is customary to distinguish five types of summer rains:

1. Ordinary. Drops out without such pronounced features as power or duration.

2. Short term. Its main feature is considered to be transience. Such summer phenomena of nature both read and end unexpectedly.

3. Mushroom. Precipitation is determined by low intensity and transience. When it rains, the sun continues to shine.

4. Stormy. Determined by suddenness. In a short period, a large amount of water falls to the ground with special power. Showers are often accompanied by strong winds, lightning and thunder. In the summer, these rains are called thunderstorms.

5. Gradient. Along with water droplets, ice floes of various sizes fall to the ground. Such precipitation is characterized by transience and power, and adversely affects agriculture.

hail

Mixed rains with ice require special attention due to their danger to property and sometimes to people's lives. Hail is a type of precipitation when frozen water falls to the ground. Not to be confused with mixed rain and snow. Here, the connected ice particles can reach sizes up to several centimeters. Hail has high strength and transparency (you can see a photo of the natural phenomenon below). This makes it dangerous for both small animals and birds, as well as for larger individuals.

Precipitation of this type falls during a thunderstorm from large cumulus clouds. In turn, the clouds differ in black or ashy color and white tops. Hail is formed in ordinary rain clouds as a result of supercooling of moisture droplets. Ice particles gradually increase, fastening together. Precipitation with hail can last from a couple of minutes to half an hour. Large pieces of ice can completely destroy entire crops.

Thunderstorm

This meteorological phenomenon is one of the most powerful in positive temperatures. Rain with hail and thunderstorms are summer natural phenomena that are assigned to. Such precipitation is accompanied by strong sharp gusts of wind, sometimes squall.

Thunderstorms are characterized by lightning and thunder. A powerful charge of electricity is thrown from the clouds to the surface of the earth. Lightning is formed in the atmosphere due to the collision of negative and positive charges. The result is an electromagnetic induction of hundreds of millions of volts. When the charge strength reaches its maximum, a lightning strike is formed.

Thunder is a consequence of the rapid expansion of air as a result of the sharp heating of the particles around the electromagnetic arc. Sound waves bounce off the clouds and cause the strongest echo.

Rainbow

Today it is one of the most amazing and amazing natural anomalies associated with precipitation. A rainbow is a phenomenon that can occur both after rain, and during it or before it. The formation time of the phenomenon directly depends on the movement of shower clouds.

The colors of the rainbow are reflected at an angle of 42 degrees. The arc is visible through the curtain of rain on the opposite side from the sun's rays. The spectrum of the rainbow is represented by seven colors. That's how many components of sunlight. Mostly this phenomenon occurs as a result of short-term precipitation in the summer.

The human eye determines the colors of the rainbow through raindrops that act as a prism. This is a kind of large spectrum of natural origin.

Dew

In calm weather, as a result of cooling at night and warming in the morning, water droplets form on the surface of the earth, grass, flowers and other plants and objects with the first rays of the sun. This meteorological phenomenon is called dew.

At night, the earth's surface cools down. As a result, the vapor in the air begins to condense and turn into water, settling on objects. It is generally accepted that dew forms only when the sky is clear and the wind is light. It is worth noting that the lower the temperature, the more droplets will be.

Most often, this phenomenon is formed in the tropics, where it is accompanied by a humid climate and long cold nights.

Summer 2nd grade

In the school curriculum, the introductory foundations of climatic anomalies are studied using the textbooks "The World Around". The first lessons are already held with second-graders. In such classes, they talk about what summer natural phenomena are, what are their signs and features.

Acquaintance with the seasons should take place with the inclusion of available examples in the program. In summer it gets warmer, the days are longer, the nights are shorter, birds begin to sing, mushroom rains fall, the water in rivers and lakes warms up, the grass turns green, and so on.

For eight-year-old children, summer natural phenomena are a mystery. Therefore, it is necessary to support theory with practice. For this, various excursions are organized. In June, you can introduce children to trees, insects, birds. July is the right time for a walk in the arboretum or forest, where you can listen to the sounds of nature. In August, it will not be superfluous to get acquainted with berries, mushrooms, fruits of trees.

Signs about summer phenomena

• If the south wind blows, then it is worth waiting for bad weather, if the west, then soon there will be a cold snap.
• To quickly stop a strong thunderstorm, you need to throw a broom out of the window in the direction of the rain.

• An object that catches fire after a lightning strike cannot be extinguished, since the devil burns there.
• A long wind with constant gusts - to the drowned man.
• If thunder is heard from the north, the summer is expected to be cold, if peals are heard in the south, then it will be hot.
• If large bubbles form from the rain in the puddles, this is a strong storm.

There are signs about natural phenomena related to the rainbow:

• If the arc is full and high, it is worth waiting for warming.
• Green rainbow - to a long downpour, red - to a heavy wind, yellow - to calm.

Natural phenomena are usually characteristic of a certain season or climate zone. But there are also unusual natural phenomena in the world that are difficult to believe or explain.

Video about unusual natural phenomena

natural phenomena. What is it, what are

In addition to the expected phenomena, such as snow, rain, thunderstorms or heat waves, the world is full of other less familiar natural phenomena for which scientists cannot explain. They are often impossible to repeat in the laboratory, and it is always good luck to record rare outbreaks of unexplained phenomena in nature.

Dangerous and rare natural phenomena

Rare natural phenomena are absolutely harmless or pose a danger to human life.

Voice of the frozen sea

In February 2012, as a result of severe frosts, the shores of the Black Sea near Odessa froze. Especially everyone was surprised this time by the roaring sound, we can only compare it with a bear's roar.

It was formed due to the pressure of the undercurrent on the formed block of ice, which cracked, creaked and froze again, creating sounds and a frightening ice sheet.

Asperatus

In 2010, a new cloud type, asperatus, was added to the atlas of the International Cloud Classification. Their first photos appeared on the web in 2006. Asperatus is recognized by its external characteristics - heavy and frightening layered curly clouds that appear all over the planet, regardless of the time of year.

Saint Elmo's fire

Due to the voltage of the electric field in a certain place during a thunderstorm, a corona discharge occurs in the atmosphere - the fires of St. Elmo. The phenomenon was named by the sailors in honor of the sea patron, Elma. In order for the fires to appear, it is necessary to have a high strum of a wired object - the tops of rocks, trees, the masts of ships or multi-storey buildings.

blood tide

Near the east coast of Australia, frequent occurrences of "bloody" tides. In 2018, the water in the ocean turned red twice for several kilometers.

According to scientific explanations, such an anomaly is the result of:

1. A high population of unicellular red organisms Alexandrium tamarense in the water. Only in 1 liter of water their number exceeds 130 thousand individuals.
2. A huge amount of flagella algae from dinoflagellates.
3. Release of toxins during algal blooms.

Red tides occur in all oceans: for the first time in 1799, it was recorded near Alaska. In the XX century. these tides were formed near Eastern Kamchatka several times: in Pavel Bay (1945), in Avacha Bay (1973).

The last red tide occurred in 2018 off the coast of Florida.

The tides are not dangerous for man and animal - except for eating a large amount of this water. But birds suffer from them - it is difficult to protect them from easy prey - dead fish that floats over time.

whirlpool

A whirlpool can occur anywhere in open water - in a river, sea or ocean. Its occurrence is the result of the collision of the flow with the recess, which blocks the free linear movement of the flow.

Whirlpools are unfaithful and catastrophic, so they are divided into several types:

Types of whirlpools	Characteristics
Suvod	occurs on the river, are formed near the banks, dams and dams. Due to the calm current, such whirlpools are safe.
Mountain	strong swirling water, can drag a person or a small boat to the bottom.
Marine	occur during high and low tides. Quite dangerous to human life.
Permanent	occur with frequent regularity in the same place.
Seasonal	occur when there is a sudden change in water level.
Ringi	whirlpools in the ocean. In the XX century. a whirlpool measuring 100 km was recorded. Whirlpools in the ocean exist for a long time from a few days to several years.

killer waves

Killer waves are a phenomenon similar to a tsunami, but exceeding it by several times: tsunamis cannot be higher than 20 m, while cases of recorded killer waves reached different sizes.

For example:

1. 34th wave off the coast of California in 1933;
2. A 21 m wave in the Atlantic in 1966;
3. A 27 m killer wave was recorded in the North Atlantic in 1995.

Unusual natural phenomena, such as killer waves, are not fiction.

The main differences between these waves and tsunamis are that they are much higher, have a small width - up to 1 km, and most often are a single shock. The reason for the appearance of killer waves is considered to be a violation of the linearity of the waves in the ocean.

Spider web in Pakistan

The web in Pakistan is a web of spiders that grows on trees due to prolonged flooding in the country. Then millions of spiders, limited in movement, begin to twist around the trees, which become like a white cocoon. In 2014, its length was 183 m.

Volcanic ash lake

Lake Nahuel Huapi in Argentina is also called the lake of volcanic ash. It received such a nickname in 2011, after a strong eruption of the Puehue volcano in Chile. The volcanic ash that fell into the lake has not yet dissolved in water.

Firestorm

A fire tornado occurs as a result of the simultaneous accumulation of high temperature, fires and cold air currents. The ideal conditions for a fiery tornado were the winter heating seasons in the 19th century. in big cities, in Moscow, Kyiv, Chicago, Dresden and London.

Sandstorm

The phenomenon of sandstorms has been known since antiquity. This is a strong wind that carries countless small particles of soil and sand over long distances, creating a cloud of dust and reducing visibility.

Sandstorms are typical for desert and semi-desert regions - in the Sahara, on the Arabian Peninsula and also in Mongolia and Kazakhstan.

Geysers

Geysers are natural sources of hot water that are ejected by pressure from the soil into the atmosphere by a fountain. Geologists consider them to be like a volcano.

In nature, there are permanent and irregular geysers.

There are geysers in areas of volcanic activity in countries such as Iceland, New Zealand, Chile and Japan. You can also find them in Kamchatka in Russia and in the northern states of the United States.

Ball lightning

Ball lightning - a rare type of lightning, has the shape of a ball with a diameter of up to 20 cm. They occur regardless of the season, and even in clear weather. This lightning has a completely different nature of origin than the usual one. She bursts when her temperature starts to go off scale, and shatters into sparks.

Fireballs come in red, orange, white and blue.

Tornado

A tornado (or tornado) occurs during hot weather or a summer thunderstorm, forms an atmospheric vortex. The phenomenon has the shape of an inverted cone, which touches the earth at one end and the clouds at the other.

In order for a tornado to occur, conditions are necessary during which warm, moist air comes into contact with cold, dry air in the clouds. Typically, tornadoes occur in the United States, Argentina, South Africa, Australia and European coastal countries.

Sound anomalies or abnormal sound phenomena in nature

The phenomenon of sound anomalies is associated with low-frequency stationary noises, often picked up by the human ear. Since it is rarely possible to record them on a dictaphone or establish the source of origin, it is far from always possible to establish their nature and causes.

Usually, each such anomalous sound has its own name and sound features: like a diesel engine, heavy equipment idling, or ordinary background sounds. This is all due to the fact that the general characteristics of the occurrence of these noises have not yet been scientifically established.

Unusual and interesting natural phenomena

Natural phenomena, unusual and unpredictable, can occur anywhere - on land, in water or in the air. They are unique, rarely repeated, or often hard to catch. But these phenomena always capture the attention of not only witnesses, but also scientists, skeptics and simply interested readers.

solar corona

The paradoxical phenomenon of the Sun in its heating. The sun has a complex structure of different layers, and the usual visible round part of the Sun is thousands of times colder than the next ball, imperceptible under normal circumstances, the solar corona.

The solar corona can only be seen with special instruments during a total solar eclipse. Its shape is constantly changing, it all depends on the activity of the Sun itself.

Animal migration

An inexplicable fact of wildlife is why animals, mainly birds and fish, migrate from one region to another, and back.

Migrations can have seasonal and life cycles. Each species of animal has its own unique way of moving from one region to another. Scientists explain that the phenomenon of migration is the result of the evolution and adaptation of the animal world to natural conditions.

Jellyfish disappeared from Jellyfish Lake

In the archipelago of the Rocky Islands of Palau, in the Pacific Ocean near Australia, there is an ideal microclimate for breeding jellyfish - Lake Jellyfish. According to research, he is about 12 thousand years old. Throughout the time, a millionth population of individuals of specific species of jellyfish - golden and moon jellyfish - has developed here.

Today there is a tendency to reduce their reproduction, by about 600 yew. Scientists explain this by changing the salinity of the lake and depriving the region of the necessary precipitation, and they are trying to maintain the necessary conditions technogenically so that the jellyfish do not become extinct.

ice circles

Usually, if a river with a slow current freezes, its surface resembles a perfectly flat surface. But if the river has a vortex current, which happens not so often, then ice symmetrical circles are obtained.

This phenomenon is more typical for the rivers of Scandinavia, North America and England, but sometimes it can also occur in Baikal.

Snowman

Bigfoot is a mythical phenomenon of mountain and forest regions. Many lovers of mountain travel are looking for Bigfoot or his remnants all over the world, especially in the Himalayas. According to the scientific hypothesis, Bigfoot is the result of an alternative human evolution, in which this process had other forms.

Hurricane on Saturn

A hurricane on Saturn is a "hyxagon" phenomenon in the planet's atmosphere recorded by the space station, which has been observing Saturn since 2004. The hyxagon is a hexagon-shaped stream over Saturn's N Pole that resembles a hurricane. Its area is 30 thousand km.

This is a unique phenomenon of our solar planet. Scientists hypothetically believe that the very nature of Saturn is the cause of such a hurricane - an accumulation of gases, without a solid surface.

Monarch butterflies migration

It is easy to recognize Danaid butterflies - they have red wings with black stripes, with a span of up to 11 cm. The most common place for the population of these butterflies is North America.

The uniqueness of the migration of Danaid butterflies is in the distance and duration.

The migration is so long that it takes 4 generations of the butterflies themselves, where new individuals return to the place of their ancestors. How they do it - scientists have not yet understood. But it has already been established that Danaid Monarch butterflies fly across the Atlantic. But these same Danaid monarch butterflies from Bermuda never migrate because of the ideal climate for them.

Animal Rain

Rain of animals is a thunderstorm, storm or tornado of unique strength, during which a strong wind raises the air of animals - more often these are fish, frogs and snakes. According to eyewitnesses, sometimes animals fell frozen to the surface of the earth - a sign that the wind raised them to the upper layers of the atmosphere, where the temperature is below zero.

Fireballs Naga

Nag fireballs are an unexplained phenomenon that occurs in October on the Mekong River in Thailand and Laos. These small balls rise from the depths of the river to a height of up to 20 m and then disappear. While scientists figure out how this is possible, local residents believe in the mythical nature of this phenomenon and arrange an annual festival in their honor.

Zone of Silence

The anomalous region in Mexico is called the Zone of Silence. Electrical, radio engineering and often clocks do not work here. Even planes stop working transmitters when they fly here. There is also a huge amount of meteorites falling here.

Recent studies have shown that the uniqueness of this area is evident in the huge amount of magnetite and uranium, which tend to suppress electromagnetic waves.

Flashes of light during an earthquake

In 2017, an earthquake in Mexico was accompanied by flashes of light. This happens here regularly - once every few years. Scientists have found that the cause of this celestial glow is rocks in which negatively charged oxygen atoms accumulate. During an earthquake, they are released through the cracks in the form of current, which ionizes the air and forms flashes.

volcanic light

Volcanic light, a natural phenomenon that occurs only on the island of Java in Indonesia. This is a successful hit of the first rays of the sun in the existing volcanic smoke and gives it the glow effect around the top of the volcanoes.

moon illusion

The natural optical phenomenon of the moon illusion visually increases its size as the moon approaches the earth. Although it is always at the same distance, when the Moon is high in the sky, it seems to be 2 times smaller than when it descends to the horizon. Until now, scientists cannot understand how this illusion is possible.

Synchronous blinking fireflies

A natural phenomenon - an unusual synchronous blinking of fireflies - is when in the forest in the evening these beetles flicker alternately on different trees. Such a spectacle can be seen far from every forest - out of 2 thousand species of fireflies, only a few flicker synchronously.

It is interesting that only male beetles participate in this illumination. Such fireflies are found in the forests of India, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia and Papua New Guinea.

Origin of the Universe

The very phenomenon of the existence of the Earth, the solar system and the entire Galaxy is not known at all. There are dozens of ideas about how the world, or "Universe", came into being.

In addition to the most famous religious hypotheses of Christianity, Buddhism and Judaism, great physicists and philosophers, such as A. Einstein, I. Kant and A. Friedman, also developed considerations. So far, no model of the origin of the universe has become the most plausible.

Bermuda Triangle

The Bermuda Triangle is an unexplored natural phenomenon in the Atlantic Ocean, where ships regularly disappear. It got its name from the line of a conditional triangle between Puerto Rico, San Juan and Bermuda, where thunderstorms, storms and cyclones often occur, or equipment stops working for no reason.

Loch Ness monster

The Loch Ness monster is a mythical creature in which the Scots stubbornly believe. It got its name from Loch Ness where it is said to live. According to the latest satellite imagery, a huge marine animal was seen in the lake, which had 2 pairs of flippers and a tail.

Together with Bigfoot, this natural phenomenon is actively discussed by scientists who are trying to find traces of its existence.

witch circles

Natural phenomena, unusual and inexplicable, can be found among the desert in the African country of Namibia. There, it is not clear where round bald spots, “Witch Circles”, formed on an area of ​​2.5 thousand km2. Their size in some places reaches 15 m in diameter. Instead of any vegetation in the desert, circles of unknown origin symmetrically cover the entire surface.

The hypothesis scientists have about their occurrence is that it is the reaction of the soil to the high levels of radiation in the region, and also the constant release of plant toxins, and the huge presence of sand termites.

moving stones

You can understand that the stones in the California National Park move along an oblong trail for several tens and hundreds of meters, which they leave behind. The weight of such moving cobblestones can be at least 300 kg. While the stones are moving in different directions.

There are several hypotheses as to how this might be. For example, due to magnetic fields or sandstorms.

Whales aground

A well-known case in 2017 in the Khabarovsk Territory, when a bowhead whale got stuck in shallow water while escaping killer whales. In the open air, he lay for almost a day, and in the evening, at high tide, he was able to sail. The life of the whale was saved by the fact that from time to time rescuers poured water on it so that its skin would not dry out and crack.

The lights of the Hessdalen valley

In the Hessdalen valley, in southern Norway, since the Second World War, unusual lights of different colors have been regularly seen in the sky, which appear in different places. They look like a luminous ball that slowly floats in the air. Scientists explain such phenomena as the result of a huge amount of minerals in the valley, such as sulfur, zinc and copper.

Moroccan goats grazing in the trees

In Morocco, goats in trees are a common sight. They always graze here because of the lack of pastures in the country. Such a phenomenon can be seen in the Atlas Mountains. At the same time, goats in Morocco are not some special species that can balance well in the air.

These are the most common goats that adapt well for the sake of survival.

Most often, they eat argon trees, while spreading the seed and thereby contributing to the greening of the country.

Black Sun of Denmark

The unusual phenomenon of the "Black Sun" of Denmark is a cluster in a close circle of songbirds. You can see the phenomenon of how birds create a circle in a dance in the spring at sunset, in southwestern Denmark in the swamps. They spend 1.5 months in these swamps. These birds belong to the common starling family, and are found in North America, South Africa, New Zealand and Australia and eat in many ways similar to thrushes.

moon rainbow

A lunar or night rainbow is a color transfusion of a familiar rainbow, only at night, and under the conditions of the necessary phase of the moon in the sky, the presence of rain near a high waterfall at night.

This rainbow is found in all areas where there are waterfalls and heavy rainfall - in the state of Kentucky (USA), in Hawaii and the Caucasus, in southern Australia and Zimbabwe.

biconvex clouds

Lenticular clouds are a recently recorded natural phenomenon, when many cumulus clouds create several storey clouds in space.

They are divided into 2 types:

1. Inflorescence, resemble a dense cluster of round clouds next to each other, which create a continuous cloudy canvas.
2. Lenticular- these are oblong and huge clouds that rise symmetrically above each other.

These harmless but voluminous biconvex clouds are often a harbinger of hurricanes or tornadoes. Also, such clouds can provoke the appearance of ball lightning, which is why the aircraft must avoid falling into such a cloud.

star Rain

Star rain or meteor shower is a spectacular sight that occurs during the invasion of the Earth's atmosphere by a huge number of meteorites (more than 1 thousand per hour). These shooting stars do not reach the earth, they burn up during the flight in the atmosphere. This is possible due to the small size of the meteorite itself, which is strongly erased by the air during the flight.

Halo

A halo is an optical illusion that occurs around luminous objects - the Sun, the Moon, ice crystals, a light bulb or a lantern.

Such a vision has a simple physical and optical explanation - it is the result of broken light from a source.

Depending on the source itself, the halo may be round or oblong; symmetrical and asymmetrical. Although halos are harmless natural phenomena, if they occur in the sun, their bright light can harm the eyes.

Northern Lights

The northern lights are the glow of the upper layer of the earth's atmosphere from a collision with plasma. This happens as a result of interaction with charged particles of the solar wind. The northern lights are the radiation of atoms, each color refers to a specific substance

They arise in the magnetosphere - the space between the planet and other magnetized bodies. Therefore, the phenomenon of northern lights is observed mainly in the high latitudes of the Earth. Spring and autumn are more suitable for auroras, when a large amount of energy accumulates.

Such glows usually appear in violet, green and ultraviolet colors, in the form of moving rays and bands. The duration of the Northern Lights is different - from a few minutes to several hours.

Brocken ghosts

Brocken's ghost is the optical effect of an increase in one's own shadow due to broken light due to clouds. This phenomenon got its name from the German mountain Brocken, where such optical illusions are always easy to contemplate.

red waves

The natural phenomenon of red waves occurs on the southeast coast of India. Unusual waves are the result of hurricanes, during which the effect of red flashes is formed above the waves. Scientists explain the occurrence of red waves by the decay of water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen atoms under the influence of wind, the speed of which is 200 km/h. At the same time, the waves make a sound similar to a growl.

Lightning Catatumbo

Lightning Catatumbo - a long and continuous occurrence of countless lightning in Venezuela, at the intersection of the river and the lake. These lightning strikes occur between May and September at night.

Studies have proven that this area has the highest rate of lightning occurrence in the world.

According to meteorological data, thunderstorms occur here 200 days a year. Catatumbo lightning has a very high charge and is usually visible at a distance of 400 km.

Penitentes

A natural phenomenon, unusual in the form of ice figures, is found in the mountain peaks of the Andes. There are ideal conditions under which blade-shaped snow figures form. Dry wind and very dry snow, along with direct cold sunlight, contribute to the emergence of these meter-high ice figures.

Mirages

Mirage is an optical phenomenon of a fracture of light on the verge of a collision of two or more layers of air, which have different temperatures and densities. The result of such a fracture is the actual vision of real and imaginary distant objects.

Mirages are divided into several types - they are classified according to different physical conditions of occurrence. Although everyone knows about desert mirages, they also occur at very low temperatures in Alaska.

blue lava

In Indonesia, on the island of Java, the volcanic eruption is unique - it has blue lava, the blue flame of which can rise up to 5 m. Scientists explain this phenomenon by the high concentration of sulfur dioxide in the bowels of the earth (the temperature of which exceeds 600 degrees Celsius).

This gas receives a liquid form from interaction with liquid sulfur.

Cloud Break Zone

A natural phenomenon from a continuous cirrocumulus sheet of clouds can have an oval-shaped “hole” in it. This is called the cloud break zone. An unusual hole is obtained when the temperature of the cloud drops sharply below zero. Because of this, the formed crystals evaporate, and a hole is obtained in their place.

Article formatting: Lozinsky Oleg

Video about unusual natural phenomena

13 most incredible natural phenomena:

The world around us is in constant motion and changes all the time: spring comes after winter, a rainbow appears after rain, birds fly south with the onset of cold weather, etc. All these changes that are familiar to us, which we perceive as the most ordinary and natural, are called natural phenomena. Consider the phenomena of inanimate and living nature, depending on the season of the year, and also get acquainted with some amazing phenomena that happen quite rarely.

Natural phenomena in autumn

Inanimate nature

In inanimate nature at this time of the year, the following changes occur: after the summer heat, coolness comes, and towards the end of autumn frosts begin, and the first snow often falls. Daylight hours are getting noticeably shorter, cloudy and rainy weather is increasingly observed.

Nature

Representatives of wildlife perceive autumn as a time to prepare for winter. Trees change the color of the foliage, and then shed it altogether. Some animals are looking for shelter where they can survive the winter cold, many of them are actively preparing food for future use. huddle in flocks and go to warmer climes. Many, including hares, foxes and squirrels molt, change their skins to warmer ones.

Natural phenomena in winter

Inanimate nature

With the arrival of the coldest time of the year, the phenomena of inanimate nature make themselves felt very noticeably. The air temperature drops significantly, the number of frosty days increases. Snow covers the ground and it continues to fall all season long. Often there are snow storms, blizzards and snowstorms. A continuous ice cover is established on the reservoirs. Increasingly, there are ice and black ice, dangerous icicles form on many buildings. Frost appears on the ground, trees and various street objects, unusual patterns can be seen on the windows.

Nature

The living world also changes during the winter. Plants go into a dormant state, resting to gain strength for the next growing season. In shrubs and trees, the metabolism slows down and visible growth stops. Some animals hibernate, for example, bears and hedgehogs, others continue to lead an active lifestyle, but it becomes more and more difficult for them to get food. Many who do not fly away to winter in warm countries, temporarily move to cities in search of food, among them magpies, bullfinches and tits.

Natural phenomena in spring

Inanimate nature

With the advent of spring, everything changes, even the inanimate world. The days are getting longer and the sun is getting hotter. The long-awaited warming is coming, the temperature of the atmosphere rises to positive values. This phenomenon is called a thaw. The snow begins to actively melt, becomes loose, and by the end of spring there is no trace of it left. Ice begins to drift on the rivers, causing floods. In some settlements located on the banks of rivers, a strong rise in water levels can lead to floods. Also in the spring it starts to rain, the first thunderstorms appear.

Nature

The phenomena of wildlife that occur in the spring can be described in one word - revival. Everything around begins to wake up and fill with life. In trees and shrubs, the movement of juices resumes, buds swell, a little later active flowering occurs and the first leaves appear. Everywhere coltsfoot blossoms, and other perennial herbaceous plants bloom in the forests. Flying insects appear, birds return, those who fell into hibernation wake up. Furry animals shed again, changing winter fur for summer. Many animals have offspring at this time of the year.

Natural phenomena in summer

Inanimate nature

Inanimate nature at this time of the year pleases with hot, dry weather. The sun heats up strongly, the air temperature rises to maximum values. Rains and thunderstorms also happen, sometimes hail occurs. Rainbows often appear in the sky after rainfall. Closer to the morning in calm weather, dew forms on the ground, plants and various objects located on the street.

Nature

In wildlife, changes also occur in summer. In plants, the time comes for active flowering and fruiting. At the end of summer comes the time for mushrooms and berries, nuts ripen in the forests. Animals at this time of the year raise their offspring, teach their young to get their own food and defend themselves in case of danger. Insects are very active in summer, some of them (mosquitoes, flies, midges and others) begin to annoy people. Dangerous arachnids are also activated, including poisonous spiders and encephalitic mites.

Other amazing natural phenomena

Unusual and sometimes mysterious phenomena of nature sometimes occur in the world. Let's give examples of some of them.

Ball lightning

According to eyewitnesses, this rare phenomenon is a kind of luminous ball moving in the air along an unpredictable trajectory. In the scientific world, there is still no consensus on what ball lightning is and how it occurs.

Northern Lights

This phenomenon is characteristic not only for the Earth, it also occurs on other planets of the solar system that have a magnetosphere. People perceive it as a rapidly changing multi-colored glow in the sky at night. It is formed as a result of the interaction of the upper atmosphere with charged particles of the solar wind.

snow storm

This unusual phenomenon occurs during the cold season. It is more often observed near the sea coast or over a large lake, occasionally it happens in the city. It is characterized by precipitation in the form of heavy snow or freezing rain, while the process is accompanied by thunder and lightning.

Tornado

This destructive natural phenomenon occurs in a thundercloud. A column of air, making vortex movements and forming a funnel, descends to the ground. Its diameter can be tens or even hundreds of meters. At the bottom of the tornado, there is always a cloud of dust, dirt and objects raised from the ground, or water spray if the tornado formed above the water.

Blooming Atacama Desert in Chile

This place is considered one of the driest on Earth. But once every few years, heavy rains fall on this territory, thanks to which the desert is covered with flowering herbs. Scientists have counted about 200 plant species here, many of which are endemic. During the period of rapid flowering of the desert, active reproduction of lizards, birds and insects is also observed.

Natural phenomena

natural phenomena are all the changes that occur in nature

Thermometer is a temperature measuring device.

Mark (color the plate) objects of nature in green, natural phenomena in yellow. Make pairs "object - phenomenon".

Pairs "object - phenomenon": the sun is a solar eclipse, a grain of wheat is the germination of grain, a snowflake is snowfall, ice is the melting of ice, a tiger is the growl of a tiger, a chicken egg is the appearance of a chicken from an egg.

Complete the table (write at least three examples in each column).

Ant Question, as in the last academic year, drew pictures. He tried very hard, but Seryozha and Nadia's dad said that Ant had mixed up something again. Find mistakes. Count and write down how many mistakes are in each picture. Prove the correctness of your decision.

Mistakes
Picture Summer:
It is warm in summer, there cannot be ice on the river and snow on the shore, for the same reason it cannot snow. Migratory birds do not fly away in summer. The leaves on the trees are not turning yellow yet. Fly agaric does not grow on the river bank.
In total, six errors were counted in this figure. The number "6" must be written in a circle.
Picture Spring:
If the birds have already had chicks, there are already lush foliage on the birch, lilies of the valley and chamomile are blooming, then this is late spring. From this it follows that autumn yellow leaves are mistakenly drawn in the picture, there should not be snow on the ground, as well as on the Christmas tree, at that time it had already melted all over. The picture shows that the day is sunny, dry, so there should not be a rainbow that appears after the rain.
In total, four errors were counted in this figure. The number "4" must be written in a circle.

Sign the thermometer parts

Mark with arrows what happens to the liquid column in the thermometer tube.

Do the exercises.
1) Write in numbers:
ten degrees +10°
ten degrees of frost -10°
zero degrees 0°
six degrees above zero +6°
six degrees below zero -6°

2) Write in words:
+5° five degrees Celsius
-7° seven degrees below zero

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We are surrounded by an infinitely diverse world of substances and phenomena.

It is constantly changing.

Any changes that occur to bodies are called phenomena. The birth of stars, the change of day and night, the melting of ice, the swelling of buds on trees, the flashing of lightning during a thunderstorm, and so on - all these are natural phenomena.

physical phenomena

Recall that bodies are made up of substances. Note that in some phenomena the substances of bodies do not change, while in others they change. For example, if you tear a piece of paper in half, then, despite the changes that have occurred, the paper will remain paper. If the paper is burned, it will turn into ashes and smoke.

Phenomena in which the size, shape of bodies, the state of substances can change, but substances remain the same, do not change into others, are called physical phenomena(evaporation of water, the glow of an electric light bulb, the sound of the strings of a musical instrument, etc.).

Physical phenomena are extremely diverse. Among them are distinguished mechanical, thermal, electrical, lighting and etc.

Let's remember how clouds float across the sky, an airplane flies, a car drives, an apple falls, a cart rolls, etc. In all of these phenomena, objects (bodies) move. Phenomena associated with a change in the position of a body in relation to other bodies are called mechanical(translated from the Greek "mehane" means machine, tool).

Many phenomena are caused by the change of heat and cold. In this case, the properties of the bodies themselves change. They change shape, size, the state of these bodies changes. For example, when heated, ice turns into water, water into steam; When the temperature drops, steam turns into water, water into ice. The phenomena associated with the heating and cooling of bodies are called thermal(Fig. 35).

Rice. 35. Physical phenomenon: the transition of matter from one state to another. If you freeze drops of water, ice will reappear

Consider electrical phenomena. The word "electricity" comes from the Greek word "electron" - amber. Remember that when you quickly take off your woolen sweater, you hear a slight crackle. If you do the same in complete darkness, you will also see sparks. This is the simplest electrical phenomenon.

To get acquainted with another electrical phenomenon, do the following experiment.

Tear off small pieces of paper and place them on the table surface. Comb clean and dry hair with a plastic comb and bring it to the pieces of paper. What happened?

Rice. 36. Small pieces of paper are attracted to the comb

Bodies that are capable of attracting light objects after rubbing are called electrified(Fig. 36). Lightning during thunderstorms, auroras, electrification of paper and synthetic fabrics - all these are electrical phenomena. The operation of the telephone, radio, television, various household appliances are examples of human use of electrical phenomena.

Phenomena that are associated with light are called light. Light comes from the sun, stars, lamps, and some living things, such as fireflies. Such bodies are called luminous.

We see when light hits the retina. We cannot see in absolute darkness. Objects that do not themselves emit light (for example, trees, grass, the pages of this book, etc.) are visible only when they receive light from some luminous body and reflect it from their surface.

The moon, which we often speak of as a night light, is in reality only a kind of reflector of sunlight.

By studying the physical phenomena of nature, a person has learned to use them in everyday life, everyday life.

1. What are called natural phenomena?

2. Read the text. List what natural phenomena are called in it: “Spring has come. The sun is getting hotter. Snow melts, streams run. Buds swelled on the trees, rooks flew in.

3. What phenomena are called physical?

4. From the physical phenomena listed below, write down the mechanical phenomena in the first column; in the second - thermal; in the third - electrical; in the fourth - light phenomena.

Physical phenomena: lightning flash; snow melting; coast; melting of metals; operation of an electric bell; rainbow in the sky; sunbeam; moving stones, sand with water; boiling water.

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