Zavatsky A.V., Polozov P.Yu. Power supply systems for special facilities - file n1.doc
Reinforced concrete diaphragms 1D 26.20 single-shelf ensure the safe operation of high-rise buildings and structures. In addition, stiffening diaphragms serve to connect all elements of the building frame into a single whole.
The main sectors of construction in which 1D 26.20 single-shelf reinforced concrete diaphragms are used are residential and industrial construction. The data is set for each floor, covering the entire height of the building, which has a positive effect on the stability of buildings and the resistance to wind, seismic and other horizontal loads, as well as loads arising from the weight of overlying structures and equipment located in buildings.
Rigidity diaphragms 1D 26.20 single-shelf are used in the construction of multi-storey buildings from monolithic, prefabricated or precast-monolithic reinforced concrete in non-aggressive gas or slightly aggressive environments. During the construction of buildings and structures in a moderately aggressive environment, special additives are added to the concrete products to neutralize the influence of this environment.
Diaphragms 1D 26.20 single-shelf reinforced concrete are installed in the span between the columns and connected to them with the help of crossbars. In some cases, it is possible to use diaphragms without crossbars. In these cases, the floor slabs of the floors of the buildings rest directly on the shelves of the diaphragms. To accommodate the consoles of the diaphragm columns in the upper part, they have special corner cuts. In places of undercuts, there are outlets of reinforcement, which serve to attach diaphragms to the details of the columns.
Diaphragms of rigidity 1D 26.20 single-shelf are installed after mounting the crossbars and spacer plates located in the nearest area, and removing volumetric conductors from the columns to which they adjoin. After adjusting and straightening the position of the stiffening diaphragms, welding of reinforcing outlets and embedded parts of diaphragms and columns is carried out, due to which a rigid and durable connection of prefabricated structures is achieved.
Diaphragms 1D 26.20 single-shelf reinforced concrete are manufactured in accordance with the series II-04-6 “Prefabricated elements of frame structure buildings. Stiffness Diaphragms”, 1.020-1/87 issue 4 “Frame Structures of Interspecific Use for Multi-storey Public Buildings, Industrial and Auxiliary Buildings of Industrial Enterprises. Rigidity diaphragms” and B 1.020.1-7 issue 4-1 “Prefabricated-monolithic frame system MVB-01 with flat ceilings for buildings of various purposes. Stiffness diaphragms for spans 3; 4.5; 6; 6.6 and 7.2 m and floor heights 2.8; 3.3 and 4.2 m.
Diaphragms 1D 26.20 single-shelf for strengthening the frame of buildings are made of heavy concrete. The compressive strength class is taken from B15 and above. The tempering strength of products in the summer period is allowed at least 70% of the design strength, in the winter period - 100%.
Rigidity diaphragms 1D 26.20 single-shelf reinforced concrete are reinforced with flat welded frames and meshes combined into spatial frames using contact welding or binding wire. For the manufacture of reinforcing meshes and frames, hot-rolled reinforcing steel of classes A-I and A-III and cold-drawn reinforcing wire of class B-I are used. For the manufacture of lifting loops, hot-rolled smooth steel of class A-I is used.
Reinforced concrete diaphragms 1D 26.20 single-shelf must be manufactured in strict accordance with the drawings of series and projects. Permissible deviations do not exceed the following values: ± 8 mm - along the length of the products, ± 5 mm - along the width and thickness. The displacement of embedded parts in the plane of structures should not exceed ± 5 mm, out of the plane - 0 + 3 mm.
Rigidity diaphragms 1D 26.20 single-shelf are stored in open areas in stacks on wooden spacers. The minimum thickness of the gaskets is taken within 100-120 mm, but not less than the height of the mounting loops or protruding parts of the product. Gaskets are placed at the installation sites of slinging devices at the same distance from the edge of each product stored in a stack. Rigidity diaphragms with a height of up to 3.3 m inclusive are stored and transported in a vertical position with installation at the storage sites in lattice cassettes.
Reinforced concrete diaphragms 1D 26.20 single-shelf are transported by road or rail. Transportation by road is recommended to be carried out using special vehicles, for example, semi-trailers with tractors. For the preservation of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures, the following conditions must be observed: the places where the products are supported must correspond to those indicated in the drawings; schemes for fastening products on rolling stock should be developed. In addition, measures must be taken to prevent shocks, shocks, strong distortions and vibrations that occur during the movement of vehicles.
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n1.doc
1.3. Purpose, composition, technical data of diesel generator DGM-100-T/400A and its design.
1.3.1. Appointment of a diesel generator.
Diesel generator DGM-100-T/400A (U45A) is designed for use in automated mobile power plants that provide electricity to consumers with power and lighting loads, in autonomous and parallel operation.
DGM - diesel - flywheel type generator,
100 - rated power (kW),
T - three-phase,
The DG works reliably under the following conditions:
t 0 ambient air from -50 to +55 0 С, while t 0 air entering the diesel intake manifold must be at least -5 0 С,
Relative air humidity up to 98% at t 0 +30±5 0 С,
height above sea level up to 4000m,
The dust content of the ambient air is up to 0.5 g/m 3 . It is allowed to operate a diesel engine with air dust content up to 1 g / m 3 for no more than 2 hours and up to 1.5 g / m 3 for 5 minutes,
Roll up to 28.5 0, trim up to 15 0,
The excess pressure of the diesel generator can withstand up to 0.2 atm.,
Neutron flux 10 12 n/cm 2 ,
When exposed to any atmospheric precipitation, it works stably.
1.3.2. The composition of the diesel generator.
DG consists of:
engine 6Ch 15/15 (1D20),
synchronous generator GSM-100,
fuel supply systems
lubrication systems,
cooling systems,
heating systems (heating element, PZhD - 44),
air intake systems,
control systems,
electrical equipment systems.
The connection of the generator with the diesel engine is flanged. The generator rotor is rigidly attached to the diesel flywheel.
1.3.3. Technical data of the diesel generator.
| 110 kW |
| 2. Speed:
| 1500 rpm, 1545 rpm |
| 3. Kind of current, | Variable, three-phase. |
| 4. Linear U, | 400 V |
| 5. Current frequency, | 50 Hz |
| 6. Current strength at Unom, | 181 A |
| 7. Specific fuel consumption, | 265±13 g/kW∙h |
| 8. Specific oil consumption, | 7.5 g/kW∙h |
| 9. Oil pressure in the main line at t 0 \u003d + 85 0, | 5-10 atm. |
| 10. Oil temperature:
| 115 0 |
| 11. Coolant temperature: - minimum allowable;
| |
| 12. The volume of cooling systems, | 40 l |
| 13. The volume of the oil system, | 39 l |
| 14. Mass of dry DG, | 1950 kg |
| 15 Dimensions: - length;
| 2000 mm 1200 mm |
| 16. DG provides long-term operation under a load of at least 25 kW for 100 hours, and under a load of 15-25 kW for no more than 25 hours, after which it is necessary to work for 2 hours under a load of 70-100 kW. |
|
| 17. The total operating time under a load of 15-25 kW should not exceed 20% of the diesel resource. |
|
| 18. Reliable start at all t 0 not lower than +5 0 С. |
|
| 19. Emergency start and acceptance of 100% load in 1 min at t 0 coolant and oil not lower than +20 0 С. |
|
| 20. Continuous operation for 240 hours, and when working on MT-16P oil for 150 hours. |
|
| 21. Work without oil replenishment for 12 hours. |
|
1.3.4. Technical data of the diesel engine 1D20.
| 1. Engine type, | 6h 15/15 four-stroke, high-speed, with direct fuel spray. |
| 2. Number of cylinders, | 6 |
| 3. Location of the cylinder, | V - figurative. |
| 4. Camber angle, | 120 0 |
| 5. The order of operation of the cylinders, | 1l1p - 2l2p - 3l3p |
| 6. Cylinder numbering order, | Radiator Side |
| 7. Cylinder displacement, | 15.9 l |
| 8. Cylinder diameter, | 150 mm |
| 9. Compression ratio, | 15,8 |
| 10. Crankshaft rotation, | Left side, when viewed from the flywheel side. |
| 11. Engine power, | 150 HP |
| 12. Maximum power for 1 hour, | 165 HP |
| 13. Minimum stable speed, | 500 rpm |
| 14. The intake valve opens up to TDC, | 20 0 ±3 0 |
| 15. Closes after TDC, | 48 0 ±3 0 |
| 16. The release valve opens to BDC, | 48 0 ±3 0 |
| 17. Closes after TDC, | 20 0 ±3 0 |
| 18. Duration of intake and exhaust, | 248 0 |
| 19. Clearance between the valve seat and the back of the cam, | 2.34±0.1mm |
| 20. Fuel types: - DL | Up to 0 0 С Up to -50 0 С |
| 21. Fuel advance angle, | 26-28 0 |
| 22. pressure injection nozzle | 250±3 atm. |
| 23. The performance of the fuel priming pump, | 2 l/min |
| 24. Types of oils, | MT-16P M14-B2 |
| 25. Oil pump performance, | 58 l/min |
| 26. Coolant, | Antifreeze |
| 27. Water pump performance, 28. ST-722 starter, 29. Air pressure entering the air intake system:
| 140 l/h 15 HP 70 atm. |
| 30. Mass of dry diesel, | 750 kg |
| 31. Dimensions:
| 750 mm |
1.3.5. The composition of the diesel 1D20.
Diesel consists of:
Block - crankcase;
block heads:
Machinery:
Balancing;
Transfers;
gas distribution;
System:
fuel;
lubricants;
cooling;
start.
1.3.6. Diesel engine 1D20.
Diesel 1D20 six-cylinder, four-stroke, high-speed with direct fuel injection, liquid cooling, naturally aspirated. The skeleton of the diesel engine is a V - shaped block crankcase 1 (Fig. 1.9) of a tunnel type with a block camber angle of 120 0. Each block connects 3 cylinders closed by a common head (4) with a gas distribution mechanism mounted in it.
A crankshaft (9) is installed in the central bore of the crankcase. A flywheel (8) is attached to the crankshaft, through which the main power take-off is carried out.
With
the fan (13) is installed on the opposite side of the crankshaft.
Fig 1.9. Diesel (longitudinal section)
1 - crankcase; 2 - forked connecting rod; 3 - piston; 4 - block head; 5 - camshaft; 6 - cylinder sleeve; 7 - flywheel housing; 8 - flywheel 9 - crankshaft; 10 - shaft of the balancing mechanism; 11 - clip; 12 - front cover; 13- fan; 14 - a glass of the first (thrust) bearing.
The numbering of parts and assembly units of the same name, the designation of the right and left sides, the front and rear parts are conventionally taken from the fan side. Forked connecting rods (2) with pistons (3) operating in the left block are mounted on the connecting rod journals of the crankshaft.
On the lower head of the forked connecting rods, internal connecting rods (23) are screwed on with pistons operating in the right block (Fig. 1.10).
Fig 1.10. Diesel (cross section)
15 - inlet valve; 16 - exhaust manifold; 17 - oil filter; 18 - fuel pump; 19 - fuel filter; 20 - nozzle; 21 - starting valve; 22 - bypass tube; 23 – connecting rod internal; 24 - water pump; 25 and 28 - covers; 26 - oil drain plug; 27 - starter; 29 - contactor; 30 - intake manifold; 31 - tie rod.
Rotation from the crankshaft to the gas distribution shafts and units is transmitted by spur gears.
In the collapse of the blocks, a high-pressure fuel pump (18) with a speed controller and a fuel priming pump, fuel (19) and oil (17) filters are installed. On the right side of the diesel engine, a block of water (24) and oil pumps is mounted, on the left side - a starter (27).