What does a simple unexpanded sentence mean? Common and uncommon proposals. Secondary members of the sentence

A simple sentence is one that consists of one or more grammatically combined words that express a complete thought. This is the basic grammatical unit of syntax. A simple sentence must have only one grammatical basis (predicative center).

Father washes the car.
Children play on the lawn.
Twilight.
Grandma is resting.

A simple sentence is the main structural type of sentences in the Russian language, which is used to construct complex sentences.

Spring has come + The snow has melted = Spring has come, the snow has melted.

Grammatical structure

There are main and minor members of a simple sentence. The main ones are the subject (answers the questions “who? what?”) and the predicate (answers the questions “what is he doing? what did he do? what will he do?”) - name the object that is the subject of the action (subject) and the action itself performed by the subject (predicate). The subject and predicate are interconnected and constitute the predicative center.

The secondary ones - addition, definition, circumstance - explain the predicate and/or subject or other minor members and depend on them syntactically.

An old tram was moving slowly along hot rails.

In this sentence the subject is “tram” and the predicate is “rode”. The definition of “old” depends on the subject “tram”. The predicate “drove,” which is connected with the subject “tram,” governs the object “on the rails” and has the dependent adverbial “slowly.” The complement, in turn, also has a secondary dependent member of the sentence - the definition of “hot”. The entire sentence is divided into a subject group ("an old tram") and a predicate group ("drove slowly on hot rails"). The information below will help you parse sentences quickly and easily.

What are the types of simple sentences?

The following types exist simple sentences:

non-exclamatory and exclamatory (relative to intonation);
narrative, interrogative, incentive (relative to the purpose of the statement);
two-part and one-part (relative to the composition of the grammatical basis);
complete and incomplete (regarding the presence/absence of the necessary members of the sentence);
common and non-widespread (relative to the presence/absence of minor members of the sentence);
complicated and uncomplicated.

Exclamation and non-exclamation

As for this type, the defining moment is the presence/absence of an exclamation mark.

Spring has come. Spring has arrived!

Narrative, interrogative, incentive

The second type indicates the purpose for which this maxim is pronounced: to tell about something (the Danube flows into the Black Sea), to ask about something (When will you finally get married?) or to encourage something (Buy a loaf of bread at dinner).

One-piece and two-piece

What simple sentences can be called one-part sentences? Those whose predicative (grammatical) basis consists only of a subject or only of a predicate.

Thaw.
Beautiful girl.
It's getting light.

If of the main members in a sentence there is only a subject, then such grammatical units are called denominative, or nominative.

The beauty is incredible!
Evening Kyiv with many lights.

If there is only a predicate, then there are several types of such one-part sentences:

definitely personal (the action is performed by a certain object or person and is expressed by a verb in the form of the 1st and 2nd person singular or plural present or future tense);
indefinite personal (the predicate is expressed by a verb in the 3rd person plural);
generalized-personal (the verb is expressed in the form of the 2nd person singular of the present or future tense and the 3rd person plural, but attention is concentrated on the action itself);
impersonal ( character not grammatically expressed).

A sentence whose predicative center consists of two members is called two-part.

It's raining.

Complete and incomplete

A simple sentence can be complete or incomplete.

A sentence is considered complete if it contains all the main and minor members necessary for the construction and completeness of the expression of the meaning.

I look at the moon.
The train passes the bridge.

In incomplete, the main or minor member of the sentence is missing, but it is clear from the context or situation of speech.

She greeted the teacher. He is with her.

The word “hello” is missing here, but it is clear to the listener based on the context.

Common and non-common

A simple sentence can be widespread (there are minor members that serve to explain the main ones) and non-common (consists only of a predicative center, there are no minor members). Examples of common sentences:

The July sun is shining brightly.
Finally the weather cleared up.
Beautiful slender girl.

Examples of uncommon sentences:

The sun is shining.
The weather has cleared up.
Young woman.

Simple sentences can be complicated:

the homogeneity of different parts of the sentence (He loved tremulous sunrises, colorful sunsets, and moonlit nights);
isolated definitions that stand after the word that is being explained (The road leading to the waterfall began to twist rapidly);
applications (Near the forest there was a hut - the forester’s dwelling);
separate additions (I really liked the film, with the exception of some scenes);
isolated circumstances (Having prepared dinner, the mother sat in the kitchen for a long time);
appeals and introductory constructions (Oh youth, how quickly you pass! Spring, it seems, will be late);
with clarifying sentences (The accident happened at four in the morning, that is, at dawn).

But a simple complicated sentence is easy to confuse with a complex one. Therefore, you need to be careful and focus on the number of predicative centers.

Parsing a sentence is easy. You can write a hint diagram for yourself.

Common suggestion? This is a question that every student will ask sooner or later. Why is this knowledge needed? Most importantly, for morphological analysis.

What is a characteristic?

So how is the prevalence of a proposal determined? Firstly, all grammatical bases are immediately noted, then the secondary members of the sentence are found. If they are present, then the proposal is called common, but if not, it is called uncommon. This allows us to conclude that a common sentence is a sentence that consists of a grammatical base and secondary members that complement it. “It snowed” is an uncommon sentence, but “it snowed yesterday” is a common one. There is one more subtlety.

When asked, “What is a common sentence?” Many people forget that there are grammatical stems consisting of only one member. In such cases, the proposal can also be either widespread or non-common. For example, “Morning” is common, and “Cold Morning” is common.

Also, similar difficulties may arise when determining the type where any main member. As a rule, in such sentences it can be easily restored. For example: “I like strawberries, and Andrey likes raspberries.” In the second grammatical stem there is no predicate, but the addition “raspberry” is present, therefore, such a sentence can be called common.

Offer with different types connections can immediately, automatically, be called a common sentence, since in such cases the dependent members in the sentence complement and reveal the meaning of the main part. You should also not confuse concepts such as “simple offer” and “unextended offer”. In the first case, there is only one and it can be complicated by participial phrases, definitions, comparative or participial phrases. Or it may include several grammatical basics, which may not be complicated in any way. For example: “The cat, as if sleeping near the door, winked with an eye, closely watching us.” This example is a simple common sentence because there is only one grammatical stem, “the cat was watching.” But the next one will be a complex unexpanded sentence: “The night has come, the moon has hidden, the grasshoppers have fallen silent.” There are three grammatical basics here that are not complicated in any way, so the uncommon sentence is complex. Thus, first you need to clearly determine how many grammatical bases the phrase contains and whether there are minor members.

What is a common offer? The answer to this question can be found in this article. Determining grammatical properties is necessarily required when performing morphological properties, which is why you should know and distinguish between them.

39. Read the text. Come up with a title for it.

Morning comes. A frisky breeze rushed by. The trees rustled faintly. The sun was shining. The birds began to sing.

Determine into which two groups the sentences can be divided.
Write down sentences that consist only of main members.

40. Read the words.

Under, playing, playful, hide and seek, little foxes, in the bush.

Make up first an uncommon sentence from these words, and then a common one. Explain how you will do this.
Write down a common sentence.

41. Read

Compare each pair of sentences: what are their similarities and differences?
Complete any sentence with minor members to make it common.
Write down your sentence.

Pay attention! In an unexpanded sentence, the subject can appear either before or after the predicate.

42. Look at the pictures.

What word is missing in each sentence? Which part of the sentence will it be: subject or predicate? Explain your answer.
Write the sentences by filling in the missing words. Verbally complete the sentences with minor clauses to make them common.

It is quite easy to distinguish a common proposal from an uncommon one. This is understandable when analyzing a sentence and identifying minor members or their absence. When parsing sentences syntactically, first isolate it, taking into account intonation as a basis - it can be incentive, narrative or interrogative sentences, also as an option you can find either exclamation or non-exclamation. One-part or two-part is determined by the presence of the main members of the sentence, as well as by the presence or absence of other members.

From here we conclude that the presence or absence of minor members of a sentence determines whether it is widespread or not.

Common offer

If there is at least one minor member of a sentence, it is generally considered to be common. It, of course, also contains the main members. The predicate can supplement the secondary member with meaning in the same way as the subject or other members of the sentence. The latter include circumstances, additions and definitions. Let's look at a few examples:

In the evening I prepared food. – When did you prepare the food? In the evening. This is a circumstance. That is, the proposal is widespread.

We wiped the board. - Did you wipe what? Board.

On a sunny day, warmth spreads to all the nooks and crannies of the small town.

The fragrant freshness of wildflowers is in the air.

More details about the minor members of the sentence:

Circumstance. It denotes the quality of an action, its condition or state, a sign. Circumstances can be asked where, why, where, when and how. For example: You dress incorrectly, completely inappropriate for the weather. We ask the question - do you dress (how?) not for the weather. Another example: You’ve gone to a restaurant to eat before (went where and for what purpose?).
Addition. This member of the sentence can be asked several questions, for example, whom or about whom, with what or by whom, of what or to whom. Indicates an object or action performed by a person or an object, for example: I worked as (who?) a manager, a specialist in the marketing department and an assistant manager.
The definition denotes a characteristic of an object. You can ask him only three questions - whose, which and which. For example: In autumn, a squirrel hides between (what?) yellow foliage from a person.

Unexpanded proposal

If a sentence consists only of main members, that is, there are no minor members, then it is called non-extensive. This rule applies to simple sentences. For example:

The sun has disappeared. Here the word “sun” is the subject, and “hidden” is the predicate. There are no other proposal members. This means that this proposal is not widespread.

The curtains are fluttering and fluttering... Here the word “curtains” is also a subject, and the words “fluttering”, “flying” are the predicate, “and” is a particle. The offer is not widespread.

More examples: White Nights. It was January. It's raining. Apple and pear trees were blooming.