Course of general physics. T. Optics, atomic physics, physics of the atomic nucleus and elementary particles. Physics course. 3. Quantum optics. Atomic physics. Solid state physics. Physics of the atomic nucleus and elementary particles. Saveliev I.V.
I.V. Saveliev
Well general physics, Volume III.
OPTICS, ATOMIC PHYSICS, PHYSICS OF ATOMIC NUCLEUS AND ELEMENTARY PARTICLES
the main objective books - to acquaint students, first of all, with the basic ideas and methods of physics. Special attention addressed to the explanation of the meaning of physical laws and their conscious application. Despite the relatively small volume, the book is a serious guide to physics, providing sufficient preparation for the successful assimilation in the future of theoretical physics and other physical disciplines,
Preface to the third edition 7 | § 16; light wave | ||
From the preface to the first | § 17. Interference of light | ||
§ 18. Methods of observation | |||
light interference | |||
Chapter I. Introduction | § 19. Interference of light at | ||
§ 1. Basic laws of optics | reflection from thin plates | ||
§ 2. Development of ideas about | § 20. Applications | ||
nature light | light interference | ||
§ 3. Fermat's principle | Chapter IV. Diffraction of light | ||
§ 4. Speed of light | § 21. Huygens' principle - | ||
§ 5. Luminous flux | |||
§ 6. Photometric quantities | § 22. Fresnel zones | ||
and their units | § 23. Fresnel diffraction from | ||
§ 7. Photometry | the simplest barriers | ||
Chapter II. Geometric | § 24. Fraunhofer diffraction from | ||
§ 8. Basic concepts and | § 25. Diffraction grating | ||
definitions | § 26. X-ray diffraction | ||
§ 9. Centered optical | |||
§ 27. Resolving power | |||
§ 10. Addition of optical | lens | ||
Chapter V. Polarization of Light | |||
§ 11. Refraction at | § 28. Natural and | ||
spherical surface | polarized light | ||
§ 12. Lens | § 29. Polarization at | ||
§ 13. Errors in optical | reflection and refraction | ||
§ 30. Polarization at double | |||
§ fourteen. Optical devices | refraction | ||
§ 15. Lens aperture | § 31. Interference | ||
Chapter III. Interference | polarized rays. | ||
Elliptical polarization | |||
§ 32. Crystal plate 175 | § 56. Photoelectric effect | ||
between two polarizers | § 57. Bothe's experience. Photons | ||
§ 33. Artificial double | § 58. Compton effect | ||
refraction | |||
§ 34. Rotation of the plane | ATOMIC PHYSICS | ||
polarization | Chapter X. Bohr's Theory | ||
Chapter VI. Optics moving | |||
environments and the theory of relativity | § 59. Regularities in atomic | ||
§ 35. Fizeau's experiment and experiment | spectra | ||
Michelson | § 60. Thomson's model of the atom | ||
§ 36. Special theory | § 61. Experiments on scattering a- | ||
relativity | particles. Nuclear model of the atom | ||
§ 37. Lorentz transformations | § 62. Bohr's postulates. An experience | ||
§ 38. Consequences from | Frank and Hertz | ||
Lorentz transformations | § 63. Elementary Bohr | ||
§ 39. Interval | hydrogen atom theory | ||
§ 40. Addition of velocities | |||
§ 41. Doppler effect | quantum mechanical theory | ||
§ 42. Relativistic dynamics | hydrogen atom | ||
Chapter VII. Interaction | § 64. De Broglie's hypothesis. | ||
electromagnetic waves with | Wave properties of matter | ||
substance | § 65. Schrödinger equation | ||
§ 43. Dispersion of light | § 66. Quantum mechanical | ||
§ 44. Group velocity | description of the movement of microparticles | ||
§ 45. Elementary theory | § 67. Properties of the wave | ||
dispersion | functions. Quantization | ||
§ 46. Absorption of light | § 68. Particle in infinite | ||
§ 47. Scattering of light | deep one-dimensional | ||
§ 48. Vavilov effect - | potential hole. | ||
Cherenkov | Passage of particles through | ||
Chapter VIII. thermal | potential barrier | ||
radiation | § 69. Hydrogen atom | ||
§ 49. Thermal radiation and | Chapter XII. Multielectronic | ||
luminescence | |||
§ 50. Kirchhoff's law | § 70. Spectra of alkaline | ||
§ 51. Stefan-Boltzmann law 251 | metals | ||
and Wien's law | § 71. Normal effect | ||
§ 52. Rayleigh-Jeans formula | |||
§ 53. Planck's formula | § 72. Multiplicity of Spectra | ||
§ 54. Optical pyrometry | and electron spin | ||
Chapter IX. Photons | § 73. Angular moment in | ||
§ 55. Brake x-ray | quantum mechanics | ||
radiation | § 74. Resulting moment | ||
multielectron atom | § 87. Composition and characteristics | ||
§ 75. Anomalous effect | atomic nucleus | ||
§ 88. Mass and binding energy of the nucleus | |||
§ 76. Distribution of electrons in 367 | § 89. Nature nuclear forces | ||
atom by energy | § 90. Radioactivity | ||
Section 91. Nuclear reactions | |||
Section 77. Periodic system | § 92. Nuclear fission | ||
elements of Mendeleev | § 93. Thermonuclear reactions | ||
§ 78. X-ray spectra | Chapter XV. Elementary | ||
§ 79. Width of spectral | |||
§ 94. Cosmic rays | |||
§ 80. Stimulated emission | § 95. Methods of observation | ||
Chapter XIII. Molecules and | |||
crystals | § 96. Classes of elementary | ||
§ 81. Molecule energy | particles and types of interactions | ||
§ 82. Molecular spectra | § 97. Particles and antiparticles | ||
§ 83. Raman scattering | § 98. Isotopic spin | ||
§ 98. Strange particles | |||
§ 84. Heat capacity of crystals | § 100. Non-conservation of parity in | ||
§ 85. Mossbauer effect | weak interactions | ||
§ 86 Lasers. Nonlinear optics | § 101. Neutrino | ||
§ 102. Systematics | |||
NUCLEUS PHYSICS AND | elementary particles | ||
ELEMENTARY PARTICLES | Appendix. Holography | ||
Chapter XIV. atomic nucleus | Subject index | ||
SUBJECT INDEX | |||
Aberration of Light 21, 191 | Atomic mass unit 434 | ||
Spherical 62 | Atomic number 435 | ||
Chromatic 63 | Remainder 343 | ||
Absolute Reference System 191 | Baryon number 493 | ||
Absolutely black body 248, 250 | Baryon charge 486, 493 | ||
Hadrons 485 | Baryons 485 | ||
Accommodation 64 | |||
Alpha rays 450 | Beta rays 450 | ||
Alpha Decay 450 | Beta Decay 453 | ||
Alpha particles 295 | Fresnel biprism 89 | ||
Analyzer 175 | Bosons 486 | ||
Annihilation of couples 489, 492 | Atomic bomb 441, 467 | ||
Antineutrino 435 | Thermonuclear 473 | ||
Antineutron 493 | Vacuum 488 | ||
Antiproton 492 | Acoustic branch 415 | ||
Antiparticles 492 | Optical 405, 415 | ||
Astigmatism 63 | Gravitational interaction 484 |
||
Exchange 442, 446 | Diopter 42 |
Strong interaction 442, 483 | Anomalous dispersion 229, 236 |
Weak 484 | Normal 229, 236 |
Electromagnetic 483 | Sveta 63, 228 |
Visibility feature 24 | Elementary Theory 233 |
Virtual processes 446 | Spectral instrument |
Particles 443 | linear 141 |
Internal Conversion 452 | Corner 140 |
Wave monochromatic 23, 93, 236 | Distortion 63 |
Wave function 311, 314, 320 | Diffraction grating 134 and etc., 250 |
Wave number 283, 291 | Concave 143 |
Waves are coherent 78, 81 | Reflective 143 |
The Eightfold Path 515 | Diffraction in parallel beams |
Rotation of the plane of polarization | |
From the edge of the half-plane 120 |
|
Magnetic 188 | Round disc 118 |
Time absolute 197 | Holes 114 |
Interactions 483 | slots 126, 128 |
Life excited state | X-rays 144 etc. |
atoms 381 | Sveta 18, 106 |
Cores 418, 452 | Fraunhofer 108 |
Metastable state 381 | Fresnel 108 |
Own 207 | Electronov 309, 315 |
Degeneration 332 | Dichroism 165 |
Gamma rays 450 | Additional colors 178 |
Harmonic Oscillator 392 | Unit of radioactivity 457 |
Hypercharge 501 | e-capture 456 |
Hyperon 486 | Boltzmann's Law 260, 388, 424 |
De Broglie's hypothesis 308, 309, 312 | Brewster 160, 161 |
Yukawa 444 | Booger 237 |
The main section of the crystal 165 | Reciprocity of light rays 11 |
Gravitational redshift | Relationships between mass and energy 226 |
Dulong and Petit 406, 414 |
|
Gravitons 484 | Kirchhoff 249 |
Series 292 border | Lambert 29 |
Wave group 230, 236 | Malusa 157 |
Light pressure 283 | Moseley 378 |
Birefringence 161, 180 | Independence of light beams 9, |
Deuterium 436 | |
Dayton 442, 457 | Reversibility of light rays 11 |
Nuclear fission 441, 463 | Light Reflections 9, 20 |
Mass defect 440 | Light Absorption Law 237 |
Moseley diagram 370 | Light refraction 10, 20 |
- proportionality of mass and energy 226
- rectilinear propagation of light 9, 112
- radioactive decay 448
Rayleigh 240
- Wien bias 253, 264
- conservation of baryon charge 493
- - combined parity 507
- - lepton charge 494
Oddities 501
Parity 505
- Stefan-Boltzmann 252, 263
Stokes 404
Stoletova 277
T 3 Debye 413
Conservation laws 513
- photoelectric effect 275 etc. Particle twist 507 Charge independence of nuclear
forces 442 Charge coupling 494
Number 435
Fresnel Mirrors 88 Spherical Mirror 55 Zone Plate 114 Fresnel Zones 108 Spotting Scope 67
Vavilov-Cherenkov radiation 243
- forced 386, 424
- induced 386
- equilibrium 245, 264
Resonance 417
Spontaneous 382, 386
- temperature 244
- thermal 244 Isobars 436
Image valid 36
Imaginary 36
Reverse 39
Optical 36
Direct 39
- stigmatic 36
- point 36 Isomers 436, 452 Isotones 436 Isotopes 436
Combined inversion 507 Space inversion 504 Population inversion
energy levels 425 Fresnel integrals 122 Light intensity 73, 75 Interval 208 Interference in thin plates
Waves 79
- polarized rays 170, etc.
Sveta 18, 78 etc.
Michelson interferometer 100,
Emissivity 246 Isotropic light source 26
Cosine 29
- - Lambertovsky 29
Spot 26
(j,j) bond 358
Strip edge 396, 403 Kaon 485 Cathodoluminescence 244 Quasiparticle 416 Action quantum 260
Sound 416
Energy 251, 260
Quantum number azimuthal 331, 332, 367
- - rotational 394
- - main 305, 331, 332, 367
- - oscillatory 392
- - magnetic 331, 332, 345,367
- - total torque 351
Spin 349, 367
Light quanta 278, 281, 301 Quarks 516
K-capture 456
K mesons 485 Coherence 78, 81
Temporary 81
- spatial 81 Collinear correspondence 37 Newton's rings 98 Coma 63 Compound core 458
Compton wavelength 289, 444 Coupling constant 483 Shortwave boundary
X-ray spectrum 272, 275 Wave-particle duality 18,
Cosmic rays 476 etc. Reflection coefficient 77, 328
Takeovers 236, 237
- - negative 425
Packing 440
Einstein 387
Extinctions 240
Degeneracy multiplicity 332 Biaxial crystal 166
- uniaxial 165 Critical mass 467
Opalescence 242
Circle of least scattering 36 Curie, unit of radioactivity 457 Lagrange-Helmholtz invariant
57 Laser 387, 424 etc.
Lande factor 363, 364 Lepton number 494 Lepton charge 494 Leptons 446, 485
Showers of electron-positron pairs
Lens 58 Lorentz mixing 347
Reduction 205
- extraordinary 164, 168
- ordinary 164, 168
Paraxial 52
Lumen 26 Luminescence 244 Phosphors 244 Magneton Bora 344, 350
Nuclear 434
Magnetic moment of an atom 363
- - electron orbital 344
- - - own 350
Maser 424 Rest mass 223, 282
- relativistic 223 Mass number 435
Mesons 442, 445, 485
Mechanical equivalent of light 27 Microparticles 310, 316 world line 208
Point 208
Multiphoton processes 432 Atom vector model 361
Rutherford 296
Thomson 293
- - nuclear 296, 301 angular momentum 333, 354, etc.
- molecular inertia 394, 398 term multiplicity 360 multiplets 348
- charge 496, 497, 514
Converts 377
Correct 377
Unitary 514
Turbid environments 239
Mu-meson 207, 445
Muon 445 Neutrino 455, 509
Muonic 512
Longitudinal 508
- electronic 512 Neutron 435
Nonlinear Light Reflection 431 Parity Violation 505 Nits 29
Normal displacement 347, 361, 365 | Main planes 41 |
Nucleon 434, 496 | Cardinal 41, 43, 46 |
Wave optics 34, 72 | Nodal 46 |
Geometric 34 | Focal 38 |
Luchevaya 34 | Oscillation plane 155 |
Nonlinear 431 | Polarization 155 |
Optical path length 19, 82, 193 | Probability Density 284, 315. 337 |
Crystal axis 165, 183 | Energy flow 23 |
Systems 36, 52 | Luminous flux 75 |
Travel difference 82 | Radiation energies 253 |
Strength 42, 53, 55 | Absorption capacity 248 |
System 36, 37 | Light absorption 236 etc. |
Perfect 36 | Myogophotonic 432 |
Telescopic 67 | Resonance 417, 420 |
Centered 37 | Errors of optical systems 62 and |
Optical harmonics 432 | |
Optical quantum generator 424 | Positron 455, 487, 489 |
Ives Experience 217 | Positronium 490 |
Refractive index 11, 14, 74, |
|
Vavilov 285 | |
Absolute 11 |
|
Davisson and Germer 309 | Relative 10, 11, 12 |
Laue, Friedrich and Knipping 145 | Interference field 83 |
Lederman and Schwartz 512 | Total internal reflection 13 |
Michelson's experiment 193 etc. | Rotary strips 397 |
Pound and Rebka 422 | Vibrational-rotational 399 |
Rutherford 295 | Equal slope 95, 98 |
Reines and Cowan 510 | Equal thickness 97, 98 |
Fizeau 191, 213 | Electronic oscillatory 400 |
Frank and Hertz 302 etc. | Spectral line half-width |
Stern and Gerlach 333 | |
Illumination 27 | Polarizer 156 |
Relative hole 71 | Light polarization 18, 155 etc. |
Electron-positron pair 489 | Circular 158, 173 |
Forced crossings 386 | Elliptical 158, 173 |
Induced 386 | Polaroid 165 |
Spontaneous 382 | Interference order |
Half-life 449 | maximum 92, 94 |
Periodic system of Mendeleev | Constant Verde 189 |
Spins 183 |
|
Pi meson 445, 485 | Specific 183 |
Diffraction grating 134 |
|
Optical pyrometers 264 etc. | Kerra 182 |
- Plank 260, 275, 279, 305, 311, 333
Decay 449
- Rydberga 292, 306, 338, 379
- Stefan-Boltzmann 252, 264 Bohr's postulates 301 Selection rules 400, 426
Hunda 376
Selection rule for j 354
J 397, 401
I 334
L 343
M346
M J 366
M L 366
M s 366
V 393
Galilean transformations 200, 203, 218
Lorentz 203, 218 Huygens principle 17, 106, 169
- Huygens - Fresnel 106, 107,
Prohibition 368
Exceptions 368
- Relativity Galileo 191
Einstein 197, 218
Pauli 368, 369, 375
- constancy of the speed of light 197, 200
Farm 19
- equivalence 422 Intermediate kernel 458 Absolute space 197
Images 36
Items 36
- four-dimensional 208
Protium 436
Proton 434, 493
Direct nuclear interactions 459 Ray beam 34
Astigmatic 35 Homocentric beam 34
- - paraxial 52 Radiative neutron capture 465 Radioactivity 448 etc.
Natural 448
- artificial 448
Proton 456
Radioactive rows 449
- family 449 Radiocarbon 462
Resolving power of the diffraction grating 142
Lens 153
- - spectral instrument 142
Scattering of α-particles 295 etc.
Sveta 238 etc.
- - combinational 400, 403, 431
- - molecular 241 Resonant absorption of neutrons
Resonances 486 Relativistic dynamics 218 etc. X-ray tubes 272
X-ray bremsstrahlung
- - characteristic 274, 377 X-ray analysis 150 Pair production 489 Rayleigh criterion 142, 153
Self-focusing light 432 Natural light 155, 159
- plane polarized 155
- polarized 155
Around 158, 173
- rectilinearly polarized 155
- partially polarized 157,
- elliptically polarized 158, 173
Luminosity 27, 29
Energy 246, 265
Absolute black body 250, | Spin 348, 349, 361, 487 |
Isobaric 496 |
|
Luminous flux 25, 26 | Isotopic 486 |
Lens aperture 69, 71 | Photon 334 |
Communication heteropolar 390 | Spin-orbit interaction |
Homeopolar 389 | |
Communication Ressel - Saunders 358 | Spiral Cornu 122 |
X-ray series 378 | Particle helicity 507, 508 |
Balmer series 292, 334 | Stationary state 312 |
Bergman 338 | Degree of polarization 158 |
Bracket 292 | |
Home 338, 340 | Weirdness 499, 501, 503 |
Diffuse 338, 340 | Supermultiplet 514 |
Lyman 292, 334 | Scintillation 295 |
Main 338, 340 | Tautochronism 19 |
Pashen 292 | Telescope 67, 69 |
Pfunda 292 | Debye temperature 413, 421 |
Sharp 338-340 | Negative 425 |
Spectral 290 | Radiation 267, 270 |
Fundamental 338 | Color 270, 271 |
Gray body 248, 270 | Brightness 269 |
Light power 26 | Bohr Theory 305 et al., 331 |
Term symbols 351, 359, 429 | Dirac 487, 490 |
Synthesis of nuclei 441, 472 | Expiration 16 |
Group speed 231, 236 | Relativity 197 etc. |
Sveta 18, 21, 23, 199 | Light wave 1.6, 190 |
Phase 230, 236 | Corpuscular 16 |
Complex doublet 354 | Electromagnetic 18 |
Eigenvalues 321 | Heat capacities of Debye crystals |
Functions 321 | |
Uncertainty relation | Einstein 406 |
Unitary symmetry 514 |
|
Conjugate points 36 | Thermal effect of a nuclear reaction |
Compound core 458 | |
States degenerate 332 | Therm 293, 302, 338, 340, 343, 351, 359 |
Spectrum atomic 290 | Thermonuclear reaction 441, 472 |
Ultrafine structure 438 | Managed 474 |
Fine structure 348 | Main points 41, 46 |
Ruled 290 | Cardinal 41, 43, 46 |
Molecular 395 | Nodal 46 |
Striped 396 | Tritium 436 |
X-ray 378 | Tunnel effect 330, 453, 473 |
Heavy water 469 | Photofission of nuclei 465 |
Heavy hydrogen 436 | Photoluminescence 244 |
Linear magnification 39, 44 | Photometry 30, 280 |
Optical instrument 6 4 | Photon 18, 72, 281, 282, 334, 336 |
Cross 39, 45, 46, 65 | Virtual 443 |
Longitudinal 45 | Impulse 283 |
Angular 45 | Energy 282 |
Brewster angle 160, 161, 163 | Photoresistance 280 |
Least deviation 14 | Photoelectromotive force 280 |
Full polarization 160 | Photoeffect 18, 275, etc. |
Limit 12 | Valve 280 |
Slides 149 | External 279 |
Optical system components 46, 54 | Internal 279 |
Ultraviolet Disaster 259 | Red border 278 |
Dirac equation 349, 487 | Multiphoton 433 |
Schrödinger 311 and d., 320, 331 | Chemiluminescence 244, 245 |
For stationary states | Bethe cycle 473 |
Proton-proton 473 |
|
Energy levels 302 | Carbon 474 |
Fermi, unit of length 436 | Wave train 79, 155, 172 |
Fermions 485 | Particles are absolutely neutral 493 |
Fluorescence 404 | Strange 499 etc. |
Resonance 417 | Elementary 482, 516 |
X-ray 281 | Parity 503 |
Focal length 41 | Internal 505 |
Focuses of the optical system 38, 46 | Combined 507 |
Phonon 416, 421 | States 504 |
Balmer formula 291, 292 | Spectral linewidth 382, |
Generalized 293, 306 | |
Doppler 218 and d. |
|
Wulf - Bragg 149, 150 | Spectral line width |
Newton 44, 55 | natural 382, 418 |
Plank 262, 387 | Energy Level 382 |
Rutherford 300 | Electroluminescence 244 |
Rayleigh - Jeans 258, 262 | Electronic group 368 |
Fine lens 60 | Configuration 370, 375 |
Einstein 279 | Shell 368 |
Laue formulas 147, 150 | Electronic grip 456 |
Rydberga 338 | |
Fresnel 161 | Rotational energy 392 |
Centered optical | Oscillator 392 |
systems 44 | Zero 393 |
|
Welcome to the Technofile website! Technofile - drawing, 3D model, course work, settlement and graphic work, training manual, textbook, GOST, lectures, program, i.e. any technical material. Physics ( , , , 4, , )techno file type: textbook PART I. OPTICS PART II. ATOMIC PHYSICS PART III. PHYSICS OF THE NUCLEAR AND ELEMENTARY PARTICLES Course of general physics. T.3. Optics, atomic physics, physics of the atomic nucleus and elementary particles. Saveliev I.V.
Moscow: Nauka, Ch. ed. physics and mathematics lit., 1970.- 537p. The main goal of the book is to acquaint students, first of all, with the basic ideas and methods of physics. Particular attention is paid to the explanation of the meaning of physical laws and their conscious application. Despite the relatively small volume, the book is a serious guide to physics, providing sufficient preparation for the successful assimilation in the future of theoretical physics and other physical disciplines. Format: djvu/zip Size: 4.9 MB / Download file
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